Evening Star Newspaper, March 29, 1925, Page 43

* Everyday Religion Not a Talk on Theology, But Upon Life and Right Living. BY RIGHT REV. JAMES E. FREEMAN, D. D., “What Ts Christianity £ St. Luke, 9:23—"1f any man will ne after me, let him deny himself, and take up his cross daily, and fol- fow me.” N answer to the above guestion, we have the expressed judgments of @ multitude of teachers. Through the long centuries of time one cult and another has rttempted to construct a definite plat- form setting forth the content of Christfanity. In the present hour there no dearth of teachers or schools of thought, busily engaged 1 seeking to define an answer to the uestion, “What is Christianity?” The iospels of the Testament have microscopically studied, along vith the Pauline Epistles, for the purpose of workinig out a platform that would express in clear and defi- nite terms the mind of the Master and His followers. Doubtless much has been contributed of great value, nd the world has been enriched by the scholarship of those who have hee: ith Jesus and learned of Him." There is a widespread feeling foday that more and more we must irn to Jesus Himself for an inter- sretation of His own high purpose nd for a better understanding of His ill. There are some statements that 1 from His lips in which He more learly set forth what, accordiing to fis own was to be the govern- neiple of those who accepted dership. If we are to heed demand that is so frequently lieard today, namely, “back to Christ,” ve must discover in Iis express teachings the designs and high pur- poses of His ministry, as well as His will concerning those who would ome after Him. The above text contains one of His most striking utterances, and in ft- self furnishes a concrete answer to the question, “What is Christianity?” According to this statement and like it, ft is the substitution of will for our will, His philosophy and purpose for our phil- id purpose. In another place ared, “If any man willeth to my will, he shall know of the teaching.” It Was No easy or so- ‘alled “comfortable gospel” that He aught. Submitting His own life as an example, He demanded that those who accept His standard must be eady to yield their wills to His, and, rollowing His example, suffer, if need be, for ‘the great principles He laid down. Chesterton well says, “It is not that Christianity has been tried nd found wanting; it has been tried and found difficult.” It would sometime seem today, as e studies the teachings of the “hurch, that one of the essentlal ele- ments of Christian living, namely, the heroic, has been quite lost sight of. Christianity has largely been a mat- ter of saying something rather than of being something. It has satisfied tself with a profession of faith that nvolves little or nothing of sacrifice. I its endeavor to attract new con- erts v its standards it has not suffi- w heen Bishop of Washington. ciently emphasized that which Christ always emphasized, namely, that fol- lowing Him necessarily involved sac- rifice. As a matter of fact many, If not most of us, have allocated a cer- tain restricted area of our life to what we call our religious convic- tions, or we confine the expression of our faith to certaln plous acts, or we sequester it within walls of some sa- cred buflding. It is demonstrably true that the ages that have been signalized by the Church's greatest advances have been those that were marked by Christian heroism and fortitude. The colorless and Indif- ferent perlods where faith has lan- guished have been inevitably those where a convenient and unheroic ex- pression of relliglous falth has char- acterized the Church's devotees. & o Christianity began with sacrifice— the sacrifice of its Divine Founder. It has only been dominant and persua- sive where sacrifice has been one of its outstanding characteristics. The appeal to the herolc which imheres In it Is indispensable to its continuing power. It was this that made Don- ald Hankey declare that “religion is betting one's life there is a God.” The great figures in the Church’'s history, the men and women who have constituted its focal points as well as its greatest sources of in- spiration, have been those who hav terally accepted the challenge Christ and tried to follow where He led the way. It is universally true that “the blood of the martyrs is the seed of the Church.” Where faith has waned and where the lights on the altar have grown dim, some mighty spirit, fired with high consecration and burning zeal, has by a life of su- preme sacrifice so caught the Imagi- nation of indifferent adherents that he has provoked a reformation that affected states and empires and con- tinues on down through the long cen- turles. Whether it be some Savana- rola challenging a profligate peopl or some Luther daring to stand be- fore kings and rulers for justification by faith, or some Ignatius Loyola calling to men to follow that demanded sacrifice and exacting service, each period where the great- | est advances have been made ized the demands which heroic Christ has lafd upon it Our age has been marked by much softness, too much desire self-ease and little of sacrifice. We have satisfied ourselves with the esthetics of religion. We have been willing to heed its call so long as it placed upon us nothing that inter- fered with our selfish pursuits. If a world war could call our splendid sons to the nation's standard in de- fense of home and country, what ought the call of Him who dled that men might live mean to us today? It was the heroic service of the youth of England that made H. G. Wells ay, “Our sons have shown us God.” is a like expression of the heroic that is needed today to capture the d's imagination” as well as its devotion to the heroic Christ. (Copyright, 1623.) has the too for THOUSANDS OWE LIVES TO SAFETY FIRST DRIVE America, Long Backward in Accident Prevention, Saved Millions in Money by Study of European Methods. HERE = this Lroad, happy walki frec and contented and to do a full d work_for full pay, at least 100.000 men who would not be alive had not Ferd €. Schwerdtman and James A Tmery gone to Europe in 1911. Fur- thermore, there are many times 100.- 700 men, perhaps 1,000,000, or even more, who are free from scars or other results of accidents who owe thelr whole skin and lack of injuries to the same European mission of these two men. This trip to Europe marked one of the most important economic moves aver made in this country, from which the benefits flow by hundreds of mil- llon of dollars, in addition to the zreat happiness and economic and constructive energy conserved by safeguarding so many lfves. about land of ours, Studied Safety Devices. The record of that Buropear jour- ney Is preserved not enly in this con- vation of 1i nd mb and the dded production in American indus- tries but also in a great change in the habits of the ‘American people These two men repr ented a com- ttee of the National Association of Manufacturers which acts for the in- dustrial community. The abroad was to bring back to this country the entire story of accident prevention and workmen's compensa- tion in the older European countries, where the matter had received far greater attention than it ever had heen given here. The safety devic back, the safety ldeas which the lead- crs of industrial life promulgated, is . nation-wide safety campaign. The zeneral principles for the solution of the problems which Industry adopted at that time are today a part of the custom and the law. The great change that has worked so enormous a benefit for all Ameri- cans is one of the great economic and ocial features of the first quarter of the present century. “Safety first.” unheard of in 1800, is deeply and per- manently rooted in the minds of the American people, and is today one of he most important factors in Indus- tvial life. And yet it is still a young idea, with plenty of reom to grow. and is destined to have a transform- ng effect upon the nation. Early Laws Opposed. The idea that the entire mass of e people is responsible for the safety of i{ndividuals is new, and yet it is so strongly ingralned {n us that the youth of today will scarcely be- lieve that within the memory of the men in public life there was long and bitter opposition to legislation for certain safety devices and rules which are today accepted as a matter of course, and without avhich the world at large would consider ftself thor- oughly endangered. This was em- phasized by Senator David 1. Walsh of Massachusetts in a speech here re- contly reminiscent of the mill days hi in his old home town, Clinton, M 5., contrasted with the changes that have come within the period of his own public life as Gov- ornor and United States Senator. Accident statistics show that we Lave reduced industrial fatalities from 000 a year in the first years of the present century to about 12,500 at present, despite the tremendous in- crease In industrial activities. This eat advance in conservation of lives of workers has taken its greatest #tride since the leaders of American industry took the matter in hand and presented the nation with a definite pian of action and education. There wag @ savage note in indus- try when ¢he safety movement started. The Pisks of men at work in s _they brought in ! p: « | tude, 1 | dents must | alleled the risks of men in battle. We had adopted a hard-boiled atti- based on the belief that acei- happen and that they would probably Increase. As a resuit the custom and the law put the major part of, the responsibility for the worker's safety upon himself. Yet in the face of all this constant death and injury the workman was without the habit of safety and cautlon as we know it today. Revolutionized Industry. The loss of life and injury to limb, the loss of wages and production, the constant legal bickering created an intense irritation in the relations be- tween employer and employe. The whole system was wrong, and had been wrong for 150 years, since in- dustry began to revolutionize the social institution, bringing with the blessings of prosperity many new problems, among them the problem of maintaining the public safety. Reformers and politicians agitating the subject clamored for laws and restrictions, penalties and one-sided angements between employers and | employes, none of which settled the problem of the mounting accident list Finally industrial leaders, having given close attention to all phases of the problem, laid down the simple principle that the way to save life and imb was to make work safe, and at the same time announced a set of prineiples for workmen's compensa- tion which have been adopted almost universally in this country. It was industry, working through its organization, the National Asso- clation of Manufacturers, which took the lead in making industry safe for workingmen. The mission to Europe, undertaken for organized industry by Messrs, Emery and Schwedtman, was the source of the greatest spread of accident prevention in factories and other {ndustrial estadlishments. Colned New Phrase. In addition to the mechanical safe- guards which now characterize American industries, the assoclation is responsible for the campaign of of | | trpe a standard | THE SUNDAY STAR, WASHINGTON, D. C, The Story the Week Has Told BY HENRY W. BUNN. HE following s a brief sum- mary of the most important news of the world for the seven days ended March 28: Great Britain.—Gen. Lord Rawlin- son, commander-in-chief of the Brit- ish forces in India, died on March 2 He is succeeded by Gen. Sir Willlam Birdwell, who has just been promoted field marshal. He was a cavalryman with a distinguished record prior to the World War. e was alde-de-camp to Roberts in India and to Kitchener in the latter's great Sudan campalgn. He shone brilliantly in the Boer war and turned out to be one of the ablest officers of the World War. He re- lieved the unfortunate Gen. Gough in command of the - British oth Army, when the latter was forced back Ly the German drive of March, 1918. He was_an Idol of Tommy Atkins. His father was the famous orientalist, Maj. Gen. Sir Henry Creswick Raw- linson. * Kk ¥ ¥ France.—Of the several French au- tomobile expeditions now taking place in Africa the most adventurous is that of Capt. Delingette of the French army and his wife. They are using a specially designed six-wheeled car, presumably a modified Renault. From Colomb Bechar, in Algeria, to Burrum (Bourem) on the Niger east of Timbuktu, following the Gradls route, they accompanied three other cars (Renault) in one of which was Marshal Franchet D'Esperey on a tour of inspection. While the mar shal's party continued south, the Delingettes struck east for Lake Chad, via Zinder. Leaving Lake Chad, they propose to drive across French equatorial Africa, the Belglan Congo, Rhodesia, Bechuanaland and Cape Province to Capetown. Thence their route will be via the Orange Free State, the Transvaal, Portuguese East Africa, British East Africa, the Sudan and Egypt, to Alexandria. They left Colomb Bechar on November 15, 1924, and expect to be gone threes years, making sclentific observations and collecting data relating to trade and communications. It is still disputed which is the better for crossing the Sahara—the itroen caterpillar tractor or the six- wheeled Renault. The Renault seems to | have the call slightly. From Colomb Bechdr to the Niger can be made in five days. Near the end of February two French- men reached Massowah on the Red Sea, completing a journey in an ordinary touring car from Konakry, in French Guinea, on the Atlantic. * ¥ % % Germany—The league council re- plied the cther day to a communication from the German government which in- timated that the latter might apply for league membership if the council would pledge itself as follows: That Germany would have a seat on the league cour- cll; that Germany would not be required to perform the military duties to which league members are liable under Articlo XVI of the covenant; that Germany would not be required to allow passage through Germany of troops acting under league mandate. The council's repir =aid nothing about a seat for Germany on the council. but T ntourage The Floyd Collinses of Our Mines BY IDA M. TARBELL. education and publicity which makes the American public careful. The re- sult is that America today is think- ing “safety first.” In 1900 the phrase had not been coined. After the movement started by the|’ Natlonal Assoclation of Manufacturers got well under way and the public learned with horror of the bloody toll which carelessness had taken, all sorts of safety organizations were organized, and the profession of safety engineer came into existence. Schools began to teach aoccident pre- vention. Workmen vied with each other to see who could take the least chances, rather than ses who could dare the most. “The one outstanding fact,” said C. W. Price, formerly general manage: of the National Safety Councll, “is that we have demonstrated we can climinate three-fourths of all acel- dental deaths and serions injuries in industry.” In many dangerous qccupations there actually has been @ reduction of 75 per cent: in others accidents have been reduced to a minimum and fatalities eliminated. Safety engi- neers sometimes like to mention the Ford plant at Detroit, where in one year only one man in 50,000 employes was killed In the plant, whils 10 were killed away from their work. The United States Steel Co. esti- mates that 25,536 persons were saved from injury or death between 1912 and 1922 as a result of the safety campalgn, and that the company saved more than $14,000,000. Saved $10,000,000 in Year. The United States Shippinig Board reported to Congress that the activi- ties of its safey enginecring section had effected a 'saving of $10,000,000 in a single year. In these larger ficlds safety is now looked upon as a part of engineering, with consequent-defi- |nite results. The safety devices which industry has adopted are responsible for one- third of the reduction of accidents; the habit of safety on the part of the American people is responsible for the rest. The entire accomplishment has offered a common ground on which emplover and employe meet with mutual {ntérest and understand- ing and with profit to both. It is one of the features of the advance of this country brought about by the leaders in_industry. The United States Commission on Industrial Relations made this state- ment in its repor ‘Safety and sanitation progress has been greatest {n the safeguarding of workers from industrial accldent The same cofimission declared that the National Assoclation of Manu- facturers had been one of a group of four industrial organiyations which had done more to make industry safe than the Federal Government and all the States combined Man Who Buys Liquor Held As Guilty as He Who Sells BY GIFFORD FINCHOT, Governor of Pennsylvania. The line between the cocktail be- fore dinner and the flood of poison alcohol, which is carrying crime, dis- ease and death to the people of the United States, may be easy to draw in theory. Tn practice it cannot be drawn. This flood of pofson alcohol, agccording to the coroner of Philadel- phia, takes a Yearly toll of 4,000 lives in that city alone. The man who creates & demand for this stuff by buying it is morally as gullty as the bootiegger who supplles It. He ought to be as gullty legally as well. A bill to check this flood of poison at its source was just now defeated in the Pennsylvania Leglslature. Suid the Philadelphia Inquirer, the principal Republican jouraal in the State “Yesterday a majfority of the House of Representatives at Harrisburg went on record in defense of murder by the poison route.” Human nature is full of queer slants. Every now and then you find a man or a group. otherwise sane and reasonable, doing or saying some. thing that makes you question whether they are 4n - theiffjright minds after all. If you were at sea in a small boat and that boat your only dependence, would you bore a hole in the bottom and let the water in? If you were a man up a tree, would you saw into the limb you sat on and saw into it between yourself and the main stem, with the obvious consequence to follow? The Constitution of the Unlted States is the final dependence of every American for the defense of his per- sonal rights and especlally of his right to property. But the men who have most at stake In the Constitu- tion, who have most to be protected | Dby it, are today foremost In attack- ing and weakening it. They are busy as bees boring the hole and sawing the limb. The trouble is that when the hole is bored and the limb is sawed the men who did it will have lost con- trol of the sitvation. They will not be able to prevent the normal con- sequences of weakening the law by pleading that they did not expect or did not intend to have it turn out that way The cocktail is poison to the Con- stitution just as surely as alcohol is to the drinker. (Gopyright, 1025.) | | might be signed declared that no speclal exemptions or privileges would be conceded to Ger- many should she be admitted by the as- sembly to membership. We are told, however, that informal assurances were given that, admitted to membership, Germany would find a councll seat wait- ing for her, and, as a matter of fact, it goes without saying that if Germany becomes & member she will have a coun- cil seat. It requires little mental effort to discover the speclal motives behind the German proposals of exemption. The Germans wished to bring under discus- sion the disarmament clauses of the treaty at the very time that German fulfiliment under those clauses was in question. One next heard that the German go: ernment hid notified the French gov- ernment of its withdrawal of conditions two and three cited above. but at the same time intimated that she would not apply for league membership prior to conclusion of a security pact In which she should participate on equal terms with France and Great Britain. Addressing the Commons on the 24th, Austen Chamberlain generously inter- preted the German proposals. I select Some {mportant passages of his speech for quotation : “The German proposals were very properly put in somewhat liquid shape. They had not been the sub- Ject of any precise or rigld definition. They are put forward as a possible basts for discussion, not as a thing to be taken or left or an agreement al- ready put into a form in which it They did not come to me fully in the first instance. They | came to me in circumstances of at- | tempted secrecy which caused me to feel some suspicion about them. “But I am convinced from what has passed since that the German go ernment are making a sincere and honest attempt to lead to a better state of things, and it is in the hope that we may assist to carry that effort to a fruitful conclusion that we (the British government) have en- xaged in serious discussion of thelr proposals, “They amount, if I understand it rightly, to this: That Germany is pre- pared to guarantee voluntarily what hitherto she has accepted only under compulsion of the treaty, the status quo In the West, and that she is pre- pared to eliminate war, not merely from the West, but Xast, as an engine by alteration in that treaty to be obtained. “In regard (o her western frontiers Germany is prepared to renounce all desire of change and to enter into a mutual pact to guarantee the exist- ing situation. In suggesting arbitra- tion in the East she is prepared to say that she renounces the idea of recourse.to war to change the fron- tlers in the East, but she is not pre- pared to say in regard to those fron- tiers that she renounces hope some day to modify some of their prov sions by friendly negotiations, by dip- lomatic procedure, or it may be, for aught T know, by ‘the good offices of the League of Nations.' But if really and when the Ger- man proposals are transformed from “liquid” to solld shape, is it suppos- able that they will embody a renun- clation by Germany of the idea of recourse to war to change her east- ern frontiers, without a clause in which any position is F that pitiful Kentucky tragedy which dragged its hopeless’ wa: through 17 days of the month of February will turn the minds of but a fraction of the hundreds of thousands of men and women whose first thought in the morning during those days was a Floyd Collins’ plight, why, then, the boy will not have per- ished In vain. Floyd Collins was pinned down by a falling rock while ecxploring the narrow passages which run like spider legs from the caves below the surface In the sandy soil near Cav city, Ky. Everything that men—and resouce- ful men—could do was done to ex- tricate him, but the case was hope- less from the first—the’ shifting earth claimed its prey. Fioyd Collins died, the victim of his love of adventure and discovery. * % ¥ % Every vear more than 900 bitu- minous coal miners are entombed in American mines as he was. Falling earth, rocks, timber, coal, trap them. They die victims of industry—part of the price we pay for warmth and fiylng wheels. Nine hundred Floyd Collinses a year 9,000 in 10 years—and we treat the awful toll as a necessary incident to kesping the world running. Yet each one of these trapped miners died as Floyd Collins did—unless the enguif- ing earth {s merciful and kills by a Dblow. lonely, black death,” one who sat at the mouth of the pit through those 17 days described it. “Entombed alive far down In_the earth, with no human voice nor hand to comfort him, no human ear to hear his futile, frenzied cries. The rocks held him so jealously, even in death. that it meant death itself to take him from their clutches. Can the death list of miners from this cause be cut down? Must we en- gulf 900 men yearly In taking out soft coal? We need not. A careful and sclentific testing of the veins which are to be opened, followed by timbering adequate to the risk re- vealed—timbering which all careful and responsiblesmine owners use and which in some States the law requires and at least partly enforces—would cut the 900 fn half. Why do we not save these men, then? Why? Careful testing, proper timbering, cost money, take time; they interfere with quick, cheap pro- duction. “We'll risk it!" But it Is not a jealous earth, re- senting man's interference, that de- stroys all the Floyd Collinses of the mines. The 900 a year engulfed are but half of the lives spent yearly in the United States in getting out bitu- minous coal. For 10 years, 1912-1922, the yearly average of deaths, so our Dbest authority, the United States Bu- reau of Mines, reports, was 1,824—43 men out of every 1,000 employed. That is fully three times as many as they kill in Great Britain. B What s the matter with us that we endure this? Is it ignorance? Perish the thought! An American mine owner will resent the Imputa- tion with scorn. I have heard him myself. What bulletin can tell him anything about mining! He knows. And, moreover, our United States Bu- reau of Mines is the best in the world, and there is nothing about mining it doeén’t know, and it is a nuisance in its insistence on safety devices. There is only one answer, then, for we certainly do kill three times as many per 1,000 as Great Britain does. 1f my mine owner friend is right and we know, it follows we don’t prac- tice what we know—that we take the chance in other things as well as in_proper tunneling. Knowing but not doing is what is kiling men in our mines at this awful rate. “Tardy adoption of safe- guards, lagging vears behind engi- neering knowledge of what can and ought to be done, causes the awful death toll,” declares John B. A drews, the active head of the Ameri- | can Association for Labor Legisla- tion, who has studied the methods of known. o from the | | | exhibitions of stern self-control MARCH 29, effect embodying a guarantee by the slgnatory powers of Germany's right to have the castern fronticr questions arbitrated? To be sure, Article XXIV of the covenant may be interpreted as implying that right, but that Is & very different “proposition” from such a guarantee as the one T have suggested. This {s one of several questions only to be answered when the liquid proposals have taken solid form. “Let me add,” said Mr. Chamberlain, slgnificantly, “one other word about these proposals. As I understand, no fruitful Jssue can come of them unless we can deal successfully and expedi- tiously on the one side and the other with the remalning obligations of dis- armament and with the evacuation of the Cologne area. But it is no part of Germany's proposals, and no condition that the perlod of occupation fixed for remaining in the zone by the treaty of Versallles should be shortened or al- tered in any way.” The latest is the French govern- ment has notified the British govern- ment that it would not slgn a security pact with Germany prior to Ger- many's entrance into the league; nor may such a pact directly or inferentially suggest revision of any part of the treaty of Versailles. Nothing could be more interesting or instructive than to follow the ne- gotiations and maneuvers in connec- tion with this fmportant business. * % % ¥ Italy.—On March 22 the sixth anni- versary of the founding of fascismo was celebrated throughout Italy. Amid characteristic scenes of stren- uous and fantastic solemnity more than a million Fascists swore contin- uance of fidelity to the cause. From the balcony of the foreign ministry at Rome Mussolini in his black shirt addressed a crowd of 150,000. To the other emotions of the crowd was added the joy of seeing the “duke” fully restored to function aft- er a dangerous illness. His excellency improved to the full the dramatic pos- sibilities of the occasion. “This meeting,” he shouted, “marks for me and for you total resumption of Fascist action against all our ene- mies’" (Pause, all breathing hard.) “Will you follow me Well, rather, Compared with the ensuing demon- stration, the indications of satisfac- tion of & Yale or Princeton foot ball crowd after victory of their side are For those who admire this sort of thing. this is the sort of thing they'll | admire. | On March 26 Mussolini received a tremendous ovation from the Fasc members on his first appearance in the chamber after his long illness But the Communist members at- tempted & counter-demonstration, whereupon, after a brief but flerce struggle, the Fascista literally threw the little group of Communists out of doors. The great strike in Italy seems to be over, but apparently the Fascst trade unionists did not carry out any of their dreadful threats against the Socialist trade unionists, who an- swered the threats by delaying thelr return to work. If the 10,000-ton Trento and Trieste now under construction, come up to expectations, they will be the fastest cruigers in the world are de- | mining both in Europs and in this country, who co-operates with mine owners and mine bureaus, and whose only interest in the work is saving lives. Take ‘the matter of explosives— dangerous things at best, explosives— but you can't mine without them. They blast the rocks, open the veins, and some are less dangerous than others. That has been proved by | scientific tri; Indeed, our Federal | Bureau of Mines has worked out a table of what is called “permissible” explosives—those that. properly han- dled, are comparatively safe Do you think the mine owner con- fined himself to these “permissibles”? Not at all. Last vear only about 1§ per cent of the explosives used were in the safe list. Nobody knows how many Floyd Collinses of the mine met “a lonely, black death” because a reckless overseer ecmployed black powder—a thing which all those who have had mining experience say should rarely, if ever, be used, and for which there are “permissible” substi- tutes recommended by the Bureau of Mines and used with satisfactory re- sults by those mine owners who do care and who do not only systemati- cally do everything they know to make things safe, but who are con- stantly searching for better methods, experimenting with new devices and materials. Thank God, it is men of their type who have proved beyond a doubt that there is a way of preventing one of the terrible, sweeping disasters that from time to time have desolated vil- lages and shocked the land! Explosions from coal dust killed more than 400 men in American mines last year. At the Castle Gate mine 172 men were killed at one blast. When the community began to count the loss, it found 868 widows and chil- dren to be cared for. But explosions from ocoal dust are unnecessary—that {s, there is now In existence a cheap method of preven- tion worked out by scientifio experi- ments, a large part of which has heen | Says the 1925—PART 2. signed for 150,000 horsepower and 36 knots. * % % % ] Exypt—The second Parliament of Igypt assembled on March 23. Tm- mediately after the speech from -the throne Zaghloul Pasha was elected. 123 to §5, president of .the Chamber, and two Zaghloulists were elected vice presidents. 1t thus appeared that a number of delegates sufficient to give a Zaghloul complexion to the Cham- ber had been elected on the anti- Wafd ticket, though in reality sup- porters of Zaghloul. The cablnet of- fered their resignations, but King Fuad refused to accept them. In: stead, dissolution of Parliament was ordered by royal decree, published nine hours after the opening of Par- llament. New elections will be held on May Here is a pretty kettle of fish. Zaghloul stands for complete cfection of the British, not only from Egypt, but also from the Sudan. * % k% United States of Ameriea.—Gen, Pershing has accepted the presidency of the Tacna-Arica Plebiscits Com- mission, which commission is to su- pervise the plebiscite to determine the future possession of Tacna and Arica. The Governor of Tennesses has eigned a bill forbidding the teaching of evolutionary theories in any of the public schools of Tennessee. The Uni- versity of Cambridge, England, has conferred on James Loeb of New York the honorary degree of doctor of laws. Mr. Loeb is notable for sev- eral 'achievements. but chiefly as the founder of the Loeb Classical Library. London Times: “The place | of Mr. Loeb in the affections of those who know what he is doing ought to Iie not far from that of Cosmo or of Lorenzo de Medici in un earlier cha ter of the romance of the classic: We applaud most heartily. Harold Osborne of the Illinois Ath- letic Club has made 2 new world record in the high jump—6 feet and 15-16 inch. * % % ¥ Archeology.—This promises to be another great year for the arche- ologists. The American archeologists appear to be the most numerous and active, but that may be only because they are the best supplied with funds. The Valley of the Nile, Palestine, Ur of the Chuldees, Asia Minor, Greece, Carthage, will ¥ield more buried se- crets to the spade and the trained and discerning eye. Still more lovely treasures may be recovered from that sunken Valley of Carthage. The Carnegie Institute unit in Yuca- tan {s uncovering the Mayan wonders. Mr. Andrews is off to Mongolia again, and will not return empty-handed The Museum of the American Indlan, Heye Foundation has one group open- ing up the prehistoric mounds along the Parana River, in Argentina and another at work In Nevada. It is all very delightful. Perhaps the most singular recent find is at Ur, namely: The private museum of a daughter of the last King of Babylon (sixth century B.C.), containing objects dating as far back as 2500 B. C. That lady, it seems, was an archeologist of sorts. 1 must postpone notice of the great discovery at Giza of the sarcophagus of King Snefcru or of some one of his under the direction of our Bureau of Mines, successfully applied by law in Great Britain and France for some 10 years, but used In this country by per- haps only 0 of our enlightened mine owners, and not by any means yet generally required by law. It took 172 lives and the making of 86§ widows and orphans to bring Utah to require by law that the method be enforced there. And what fs it that will prevent these appalling catastrophes? The simplest of things. Every one can understand the volume of fine dust which must arise in mining coal. This dust “settles on ever: hing,” as 4 housewife says—over walls and roofs and floors and cars. But let it be stirred, t wn m‘a the air by the local explosions of the mine, and it is ecsily ignited, with results as awful as from the explosions of gas AMiners have long studied the prob- d water to *wet the dust but it was useless, even dan- gerous, some say. Finally they tried the medical dictum, “Like cures like.” } for a “stor | probably, Grinding rock with fine dust, they Dblew it over the surfaces of the mine. Every layer of coal dust was over- 1aid by one of rock dust. Rock dust and coal dust mixed are non-explo- sive. Coal dust explosions, so it is claimed, have passed forever from the mining history of England. The law compels all mines to be regularly dusted with ground rock. * % % % In the United States where we have helped prove that this method of treating the dangerous dust is ef- fective we allowed 400 Floyd Collinses of the mines to be killed last year because we did not use our knowl- edge. There are enlightened American mine owners who are using the rock- dusting process, there are States, like Utah, adopting it, but in a matter of this kind uniformity is essential—all States must act. If at any moment of those 17 days that young Floyd Collins lay pinned down by rock In his Kentucky cave legislation could have saved him, can we doubt we would have had it? An extra session if necessary. Rock-dusting legislation, enacted now in every State whioh counts coal mining In the industries, will save from a wretched death in the next 12 months literally hundreds of the Floyd Collinses of our mines, (Copyright, 1925.) Science Seeks to End Menace Of Earthquake and Tornado BY VERNON KELLOGG, Director National Research Council. T have lived through a tornado that wiped out part of a town, and through an earthquake that, with the follow- ing fire, wiped out part of a great city. Tornadoes and earthquakes are appalling things T know. During the few minutes of their happening there is no place to g0, nothing to do. Man is helpless. But between catastro- phes something can be done. To most of us tornadoes and earth- quakes are inexplicable acts of Provi- dence to be lamented and their re- sults remedied to the degree possible. But to the man of science they are natural phenomena with ascertain- able causes, and perhaps, these causes once ascertalned, of possible foretell- ing. Also something can be.done to guard against them. Much progress has already been made In determining their causes, and a little progress has been made toward their prediction Science will not be content until this prediction becomes precise. For that is the es- sential goal of sclentific study—to be able to predict natural phenomena, Earthquakes occur in two kinds of places. First, where there are vol- cances. Volcanic earthquakes may be violent, but! they usually affect but a small area. Second, where there are “fault” lines, or lines of crustal weak- ness and slipping. Earthquakes in these places are often of very wide extent. They may be slight or severe in_violence. The volcamoes of the carth are Many fault lines are known; others being constantly discovered. The places, therefore, whers earth- quakes can and probably will occur are becoming fairly well indicated, and the times when they will occur are becoming more and more possible of prediction. 3 Tornadoes are less closely tied to speclfio regions. Yet there are specifio reglons where the causative conditions, which include directions, speed and terperatures of different air-currents, occur more often than elsewhere. And the reglons are belng mapped. These conditions come rather quickly into existence, but not too quickly to be noted and warnead against. So the persistent scientific students of earthquakes and tornadoes are already beginning to be able to tell us not only about the causes of these catastrophio happenings, but also something about the ways to protect ourselves from them. We cannot find ways to prevent them, but we can find ways to lessen the extent of their injuries, both to our property and our lives. Earthquake and tor- nado warnings are not at all im- probable parts of near future radio broadcasts. (Copyright, 1925.) Just a Bare Fact. From the Philadelphia Inquirer. Pessimist who says the world doesn’t want the naked truth any more evi- dently overlooks the fact that the censors.weulda't stand for it anyway. Howe About A Bridging Mother; Safe Drivers; Uncomfortable - Woman. BY E. W, “The Sage of RECENT book of fiction cerng the Southwest during the perfod immediately fol- lowling the Civil War. The author says in his preface that he read a good many historical books now out of print to get “atmosphere Which was finally ridic- ulous. 1 wonder the author did not print his historical material and leave out his foollsh “story.” ® % % % Every capable railroad man in this country is compelled to do his work while carrying three -or folr mis- chievous men on his back. Men fight him as jurymen, legislators, Con- gressmen, shippers. Patrons try to rob him, and, failing, they organize for attack through the city council. k% rix No boy ever gets enough to eat, and he resolves when he is his own boss he will stuff himself. So afte he becomes a man he eats as much as he wanted when a boy, and trouble results. * % % % I know a woman who is the wife of 2 good man and mother of two good sons. Father and the boys are en- gaged in developling a business, and work long hours. They are building an institution that will long endure and prove very useful to its community. The wife and mother is devoted to the game called “bridge,” and plays every afternoon and night with women equally shift- less. The neighbors say her man folks are compelled to eat canned- £00ds suppers and wait for them. Fre- quently they return home for supper and find their home-maker has not yet returned from her afternoon's game. The mayor of that woman's town should walk into her home and bawl her out. She is making & dunce of herself and is a handicap to good man felks. If a husband and father acted as she acts, the neighbors would promptly reform him. Why not re- form this silly woman? * % % % How universally 1 advice and how little themselves! Although constantly giving advice gestion to him and he will an offense. He cannot why a dull person lik advise a bright mas There is a type of woman who makes me uncomfortable when I pass her on the street. To know her per- sonally {s worse. She has a manner which seems to say, “I have long kept secret a lot of mean things about the men and have a notion to tell them.” 1 wish she would tell her story and look more cheerful: Why are there so many ignorant people? Because €0 many pay atten- tion to new things and almost none to old things of valu * x ¢ We hear a great deal and unsafe automobile driv most nothing is sald o of safe, polite and When you realize that the streets cf every town and the city are crowded with automobiles, it is astounding few accidents occur. Likewiso the men. They are viciously abused, but how many millions of safe and worthy ones who never receive a kind word! understand vou should h as he is of but al- miil elligent on * % In Miami, Fla., where T spent the Winter, I know a grandmother from Virginia. Fer old friends call her “Miss Mattie.” [ like Miss Mattie. except that she wants to argue and | country m | the big th with | . HOWE. Potato Hill.” ot permit me 1o does & man case Iy and at length ot finally. settle it and be rid of it? settle things state a com considerable r Everywhere there is increasing in- ation because of the trouble-mak ood Gentlemen. But nowhere is there objection to the honest work of any really good and useful man < T am an unlucky man. T D! away a pair of trousers of exact the right length from having h them cut down, and the next time wish to wear them find they are too short. an T recently he an_orches three—violin, cello and piano—gis a concert. The art of such an orches tra is a dreadful thing. * k w ok I know a woman who has so long claimed to be ill that when she fee! well she resents it A man came to our town to a a responsible position. He succeeded a good man, and has an ambition to do equally good work. &o he p Jot of attention to his job. He young and ung d good looking wife. Th d eve where, but the on't much. He knows h. T for getting re - next day's noyances. And T reg n a good de Criti ould chee: from the housetops. 1 am glad 1 add that his wife stands by him ¥ % % Our pretty notions are doing grea harm. We must attend more to ugl facts and make them less ugly * ok % * Every clear brain iz able to mal out from the evidence that there nothing above nature I know bootlegge a woman Whe who sent for « arrived he dic but seemeqd and amia »n the won . whici vou d: “how she lov >uld mourn if sh d conduet,” A bought four bottles, There seems to be an impression i the East that 1 oppose women using face powder. I do nothing of the kind. T only scream in protest when they use too much. Every day I see women painted like carlcatures and hear gentlemen and ladies make nasty remarks about them. I use powder every day after shaving and find it no sin. peopla tizens thei eard of. TF n we cannot found In e d_bright mer % % frequently meet of prominent ci I have never big n o who te a men to d v day W annot gi the cred them The game of golf is said to be « cusable for the exercise it affords Then what difference does it makeo whether a piayer makes a round in 18, 118 or 1,800? The poorer player he is, T should say, the more exercise he gets in chasing his ball (Copy 1925.) Pledge to German Republic Seen in Outpouring of Youth tinued frow Bridge, coming down out crowded northern and ea tions of Berlin, where the mass 5 was a marching mass of men and women, seyeral hundred strong. car- rying two red flags. You had a sense of gasping as these visible signs of revolution, of anarchy, of Bolshevism, swept into the square before the old palace, marched swiftly through the square, turned abruptiy off to the left by the great war memorlal in front of which old Emperor Willlam I stares toward the empty palace of his an- cesters, once the home also of his grandson. Red Flag Unnoticed. Looking for some sign of collision I did see two or three files of police- men, marching like soldlers, carrying carbines, crossing the square, but they scemed to have nothing to do with the red flag; in fact, one squad marched away from it. Manifestly they were no more than reliefs various guards. A few hundred men and boys trooped after the red flag- gers, but the mass of the people proceeded undisturbed. You had an instant perception that order must be fairly assured, for on no other basis would the red flag have been permitted. This Communist demonstration, I take it, was the protest of the Com- munists against the ceremony of hon- oring the dead of the war, a clumsy form of protest against war, itself, one may guess; but what would have been the fate of a similar dem- onstration on Memorial day, say in Madison Square in New York, when exercises in honor of our fallen sol- diers were insulted by the presence of marching Bolshevists openly show- ing the red flag? For the rest the Memorial Sunday passed without the shadow of & dis- turbance. The crowds swelled up to unbelievable density on all the main thoroughfares by early afternoom. They were still moving slowly back and forth at 11 o'clock when I Guit | excitem f the | |'the streets strain, erma ad the President's ¥ greeted th death with and no little suppressed anxiety, but a little time passed and it was then clear that order wa: sured, that in real thera wounl be no crisis. Republican grief, Mon: archist hate and Communist passio all remained carefully compartmented and suppressed. Reminder of Looking backward the whole ¢ sode reminds me of Paris on the first May day after the war, when all the allfed world looked with apprehenston at the possibllity of an anarchist ex- plosion. But then Clemenceau had Id that the Reds should not parads and had suddenly brought in thou- sands of troops to handle the situatior I shall never forget these troops, still with the mud of the devastated . on their feet and uniforms, settlir down placidly in the various square:, unshipping the tripods of vickes little machine guns and setti up at convenlent points, before pulled out their pipes and becam peaceable poilus of the pictures There was no disorder in Pari May day, 1919, just as there was no disorder in Berlin last Sunday, but tiie ultimate distinction was that in Parix a strong man had used an iron hand in Berlin you had the convictfon that the absence of trouble had come from the almost subliminal decision of prac- tically all of the people themselves They had willed that it should be so. And I shall carry away from Ger- many no more vivid and no more sat- isfying recollection than that of the faces of the boys who formed the cor- don of honor for the dead President At least one may believe that the Ger man republic is something more thau eyewash for them. that there is a de- gree of reality about the great change | the extent of which may still be q | tioned, but is, fn my judgment, deeply questioned in other countries manife May Day. (Copyright. 1925.) » Sees Unequal Wrongs Result From Equal BY SOPHIE TRENE LOEB. The equal rights bill in Congress, backed by the Woman's Party, Is ceusing no small controversy in the many women's organizations through- out the country. Much of the opposition is due to the fact that in one sweeping measure the rights of women are put on the same basis with man—a state of affairs for which considerable alarm is well founded. On the face of it It would seem rea- sonable that with the present pro- gressive position. obtained by women, it is high time that her right, her status as an individual, be on a par with man—but, paradoxically, equal rights with, man will create unequal wrongs as well. It has not only taken years but centuries to procure protective meas- ures for woman as differentiated from man and many of these valuable stat- utes may be put in jeopardy by a so- called blanket law, such as is proposed. The Woman's Party, fearless and well meaning in its efforts to sceure equality for women, Will proceed more Rights Measure speedily 'to the desired end it makes haste more slowly Woman, by nature being the child bearer, has had made for her many measures designed to protect he which would be nothing short of a calamity to have abolished. For example, the widows' pension Jaws which now obtain in 42 States, also in Hawail and Alaska, might be wiped out in one sweep. This law, ¢ the most benefi- cent for women, that has taken years and endless energy to produce designed solely 1 the ground of in- equality of woman as against mas. 1t distinctly sets forth that the aver- age woman cannot possibly foster and finance her family when her hus- hand has been taken away from her by death or entirely incapacitated-— that by the very nature of her being a mother her burdens are such she cannot be placed on a par with man under such circumstances, Also there are many measures in which women during a considerable period, such as preceding and after maternity, are precluded from, work, and in many States employes in such it cases are amenable to law.