Evening Star Newspaper, August 17, 1924, Page 31

EVERYDAY RELIGION By RIGHT REV. JAMES E. FREEMAN, D. D., Bishop of Washington. . WHAT PORT? “He bringeth them to the where they would be.” OTHING ix more’ fascinating on un ocean steamer than the daily obscrvation made from the bridge to deter- mine the position in which the ship stands at high noon. o a Jandsman there is a mystery about the so-called “lanes of the ocean.” Nothing s visible to detine tnem, there are no marks or: bloys or muide posts, and yet with an ac- curacy that is conclusive, we are told not only the knots the ship has made in the past 24 hours, but her exact position. “We'll sight Nantucket lightship at 6:30 tomorrow morning.” the skipper says, and sight it on schedyle time we do! How does he know? By measurements and cal- cu'ations he makes with the aid of his instrument: haven How like a ship human life 1s, and | cach man is the soul.” sea of life and many of us sail with- out design and without objective. Too many of us calculate our voyage and position by “dead reckoning.” We only know that we are under way. Frequently we spend long days and nights in dense fog. pushing ahead in the hope that we sha!l “captain of his own meet with no opposition and in the | clearer | expectation that presently skies will show themseives and all will be well. Far more than this great ship on which 1sail, with all its complex machinery, 1s the life of mine. More delicate 1s the mechanism of brain and geart, tiod-given to guide me on, my " wi I have a port and 1 have in hand the Dusiness of navigation. No other 1S master here, the ultimate of life is solely in my hands. Like this steamer on which 1 sail, 1 can have my limited and circum- seribed sphere of oceupation. operate between two places. my home ind my business. Here the lane 1s defined, here 1 can navigate without any reckoning whatsoever. The rule of thumb may sufficc. Ail about are other lives, yes, they seem to be majority, that ate occupied and con- trolled much the same way. All they ask is a place to sleep, suffi- cient provisions for the body and a chance to get a fair share ot the world’s gifts. It scems plausible enough, and long observation strength- cns the conviction that these are about al a human life wants or need This kind of scheme of navigation wvorable, the machinery func: We put out in youth on the | important | 1 can | | seas, ! skill tioning and the lubricants saving from friction. The skipper on my ocean greyhound is sitting with me at upper, the great ship is going on its way at 26 knots an hour, he does not seem to have anything to disturb his quiet. he is quite like a passenger, all at ease. but hark! what was that, the blast of the steamer's mighty whis- tle? “Iixcuse me,” he says, as he rises v from his unfinished meal, “we have run into a dense fog, I look for a night of it,” and he's off to the bridge. The fog has changed cver: thing; like a white pall it settles down over the sea—it will require clear vision, sensitive ears and an | alert mind should an emergency arise in the night. 1 can only sleep because 1 know the careful master of the ship is at his post. Life experiences its fogs, its head its opposing winds and tides. We must be prepared for them, be ready at the summons to deal with them. The large question is—how? Our automatic, rule-of-the-thumb habit of living falls in an _emergeney. When such an emergency arises the great Pilot of Life, with His skill and well defined objective and knowledge of how to attain it, is needed. We would then sing: “Jesus, Saviour, pilot me, Over lite's tempestuous sea.” This method of going through life without plan, without a-well defined and understood lane or channel, and without the sense of some definitg port, is an unsatistacfory business. | The ultimate port does affect mightily the method of sailing, does impose upon the navigator reasonable rules and regulations, yes, does call for in the handling of the ship. Nothing seems stranger to our rea- soning than that God permits us, not {only to choose our port, but that He leaves us largely to govern our ship on its way. Surely. He brings nations and men to the haven of their own choosing. He shows them the better way, tells them of His purpose concerning them, makes clear the port of security and | peace, and then gives them the helm. What do our observations at high noon today tell us of our position? Are we clear that we are headed right, and that, happen what will, when the day's work is done and its all right when seas are smooth, | pe. seas nearly crossed we shall sce the lightship and hear the eignal that the haven of our desire, which means the fulfillment of our loftiest hopes, has been reached? for “He bringeth them to the haven where they would (Copyright, 1924, Campaigning By Means of Radio Will Be Limited By Facilities (Continued from First Page.) will generally speak direct from a broadcasting studio. You see, there is an entirely new situation and condition surrounding radio campaigning. For example, the old trick or talent of a veteran cam- paigner to “sway his audience by his eloquence™ is lacking, for there is no mob to sway «nd no throng to in- spire him to outdo himself as throngs have previously and often by creating an “atmosphere.” Now. back azain to the brodeast- ing problem: Radio campaigning being done an innovation, tiere are no rules to go | by aud the whole mcchanics and rules and regulations must be worked from the ground up, and subject to change at any time as conditions arisc that cannot be met in advance. The people behind the great new radio industry are just as inter- ested as the politicians in seeing what can be done during the cam- paign, and they want. to make it available to the greatest possible ex tent. But if only a fraction of the “radio campaigning” that’ has been announced should be attempted the broadeasting facilities would be swamped and deluged The demand must be adjusted the capacity of existing facilities. Limits to Radio. to Tn broadeasting on a national scale | the wires of the American and Telegraph Company wili p the spoken voice from ti micro- phone wherever it may be placed and carry the speech to the cities, where the local broadcasting stations will throw it off into the air, to be picked up by the individual radio rec & So it is basic and fundamental that the radio campaigning will have to be limited to what this main chan- nel—the American Telephone and Telegraph wire system—can accom- modate. And the telephone company will maintain its regular service first. It is not thought practical to broad- cast a presidential speech by the newly developed short-wave re mission system, because all atmo- spherlc disturbances would be trans- wnitted with the sound wave, while the land wires deliver the candidate's voice exactly as it went into the microphone. The telephone company worked out what was considered previously to be an impossibility m handling the Republican and Democratic na- tional conventions, and by so doing cxtended the facilities to just about the absolute limit. But the national smpaign will be far more compli- ated, as the various parties and ~andidates will want the air at the same time. Must Zome Campaigns. Already the radio experts have ad- vised the national campaign manage- ments that it will be necessary for them to zone their campaigns as much as possible—that is, to break it up so as to cover only a certain sec- tion at a time instead of endeavoring to cover the whole country simulta- neously. And this is good_political policy, too, for a speech written for its effect in the industrial section of the Northeast would fall flat and tire- some on the listening ears in the agricultural sections of the West, and, therefore, must be confined to local stations in the Northeast. Simi- lar arguments on farm issues would vause the majority of listeners-in to tune out in the Kast. so they must be broadcast from local stations in the West. This would be more effi- cient campaigning and would tre- mendously relicve the overload of general, nation-wide broadcasting. There will be, of course, a certain —restricted—number of speeches by Calvin Coolidge, John W. Davis, Robert M. La Follette and perhaps Dawes, Bryan, Wheeler and other outstanding _ spellbinders _broadcast from the Atlantic to the Pacific and from the Canadian border to the Gulf. This will require extremely fair divi- sion of the time as between the great political parties. Expense Is Big Item. Then there is the question of ex- pense. The profiting public did not realize it, but the cost of broadcast- ing the great national conventions, which amounted to something more than $10,000 a week, was borne by the broadcasting companies and was not charged to the national commit- teem The broadcasters felt that this was interesting matter that the pub- lio wanted to hear, and so they de- "lephone cided to carry it as part of their reg; ,coma. | | usual with the party in control, view- ular cxpense in putting out radio programs. While these broadcasters undoubt- edly would be willing to handle a very limited number of speeches by the leading candidates on the same basis, it is unfair to expect them to carry the expense of a service by which the Democratic or Republican national committee profits. So that, the parties pay for other agencies )f advertising, they will doubtless be iled upon to pay for any extensive! campaigning. The broadcast omyanies, striving to give the list- | eners what they do want, will hesi- tate about clogging up their pro- grams with speeches which they re- alize many of their listeners do not want to follow. Must Be Non-Partinan. The radio people will have to be absolutely non-partisan, and believe that the air should be free to all ithin reasonable limitations, and that it is for the people to decide on | the merits of the individual speakers. Hitherto all controversial matter has been barred from the broadcasting stations. Of course, in a campaign it is realized by all—including the listeners in—that the speeches are partisan, and therefore no one Is de- ceived, while those who do not want to listen to Republican doctrine can tune out, or those who do not want to hear Democratic propaganda can do | likewise. The question of fair re- striction is one of the big problems now under consideration by the broadcast concern. And here is what the politicians are | having drilled into them: They face an audience far different from ever before, and they must change their method and style. Their audience on the air will not be composed-of their own party followers and admirers, who come prepared to cheer, no mat- ter what is said or how it is put. The radio audience is composed of Re- publican zealots, Democratic en- thuslasts, La Follette disciples, con- servatives, progressives, radicals, re- actionaries, wets and drys, farm- labor. socialist, populist and all the other brands. They can't heckle him when he talks from the studio, but they may vote with more feeling at the'polls. The radio campalgner can- | not monopolize the air with a wind- jammer speech, and if he attempts to, his audience will simply turn thelr individual wrists, and—not be there. Political Platforms Fail to Influence (Continued from First Page.) several hundred very unkind words. The country apparently staved off the calamity by electing Cleveland. Four vears later the Democrats, as # ed not with alarm but with great satisfaction the success of its admin- istration. The Republicans told the country it had made its bed and could lie in it, but offered a very nice way out of the mess by calling attention to the fact that the Republican party still lived and was ready to take up the burden and carry on. The People’s Party said in effect, “Ah ha, we told you so!” and repeated their ‘words concerning the now well known crisis. The country elected McKinley. And so it goes. Monthly Salaries For Schoel Teachers Members of the House District com- mittee, who during the last sesston of Congress took a particular inter- est in putting through legislatlon es- tablishing a new schedule of salaries for teachers in the public schools of the District, will, when the commit- tee reassembles, receive a report on a growing. custom among the large cities to pay the teachers' salaries all_the year. s Teachers' salaries are usually paid in 10 installments and the teachers are expected to save enough during the school term to pay their expenses during the vacation. This usually involves no inconvenience, but occa- slonally Instances of hardship have occurred as a result of the practice. An increasing number of cities have therefore adopted the plan of making salary payments monthly throughout the year. Among the larger citles which pursue this plan are Boston, Denver, Los Angeles, Memphis, New York, San Antonio, Seattle and Ta- T ELLOW-WORKER with three Presidents, all of whom called him “friend,” and regarding whose “invaluable work” Roosevelt paid particular tribute. i :3:Per|€nrod in_four branches of | governmental work—legislative, executive, military and municipal. A page in the famous fourth Congress, which decided the Tilden-Hayes clection, and many of Wwhose members achieved fame as statesmen—including the two mar- tyred Presidents, Garfield and Mec- Kinley. Helper census. Appointed as a mere boy, without solicitation on his part, more than 41 years ago as one of the two original employes when the Civil Service Com- mission was organized, and continu- ously in service ever since as one of the best-known men in the public service, generally recognized as “a square man,” courteous, fair, im- partial and sympathetic, out of the bigness of his warm heart treating all men alike regardless of race, creed or color. Grew With Commission. That's Matthew F. Halloran, con- tract representative of the Civil Service Commission with the Gov- ernment departments, the story of whose life is the story of the United States Civil Service. He entered as a boy; his hair is now white. The civil service started with threc com- missioners, a stenographer and a messenger—five persons in all: it now has 360 employes. The institution | has grown, while the man has grown old. Among the thousands of department chiefs and Government officials in the well-nigh countless departments, bureaus, boards, commissions and other branches of the Federal service there is not one who comes closer to the people vutside of the service than Mr. Halloran, who until less than two vears ago was for many years certi- fication clerk. Few men in the ( ernment service upon whom the responsibility of making those outside the scrvice a part of that service and of Dbringing together civilian official as employe and em- ployer have achicved as enviable a record as has Mr. Halloran. He is largely responsible for the more numerous employment of wom- en in the Government departments. When he first called attention to the failure to appoint women, one large bureau now employing hundreds had only one female, a telephone operitor. By his constantly calling the atten tion of the administrative officers to this high class of eligibles the serve jce has been more generally opened | to educated and ambitious women in compiling the tenth | and thousands have been appointe as a result. He is widely and favorably known as *“The D'Artignan of the Civil Service.” braces 600,000 Persons. i here it is well to remind r(a}i;z:: that the executive civil serv- fce is one of the most important branchcs of the Goverrment—and the largeet. This service is separate and distinct from the legislative, judicial, military and naval. It includes not only the departments in Washington, but also the public oftices throughout the country, known as _the fleld serv- ice, comprising the 13 civil service districts, embracing in all some 600,000 officers and employe: of which some 425,000 are in the classified serv- ice and some 70.000 employ ed in Washington. During the year ended June 30, 1922, the commission ex- amined 206.007 persons, of which number 63,867 were appointed to po- sitions. g Under the administrations of Presi- dents Grant and Hayes spasmodic at- tempts were made to establish a merit system. but it was not until after the assassination of President Garfleld by a disgruntled office-secker that the movement took effective shape and form, resulting in the pas- sage of the law to regulate and im- BY HENRY W. BUNN. HE following is a brief sum- mary of the most important news of the world for the seven days ended August 16: Great Britain—The annual Eistedd- fod or National Bardic Congress of ‘Wales is just over. The object of per- petuating_this institutionis to main- taln the Welsh language and customs, to keep green in memory Welsh his- tory and traditions and to encourage productivity and proficiency in Welsh literature, especially poejry and mu- sic. Contests are held in poetical, prose and musical composition, in choral and solo singing, in singing with the harp, kandin playing on the harp and onstringed and wind instru- ments, and prizes are given. There are many concerts, a great deal of palaver. in Welsh. and much ancient and picturesque ceremonial. Accord- ing to tradition, the first Eisteddfod was held many centuries before the Christian era, but it is probable that the institution originated not earlier than about 400 A. D. 3 * % k¥ Spain.—The situation of the Span- ish troops in the Spanish zone. of Morocco is even less satisfactory than usual. Rumors importing growing opposition to the military directorate, especfally in the army, and likeli- hood of its suppression in the near future, have received a categorical denial from King Alfonso himself, who has declared ithat Primo de Rivera will stay on his job until Spain has been made safe for the re- turn of parliamentary government by eradication of graft and confusion of the grafters. He suggested that this happy consummation could hardly be expected inside another year, and as- serted that the people were behind the directorate. * % %k % Germany.—The issue of the London conference (for determining the pro- cedure for putting the Dawes plan into effect) has been waiting upon agreement between the Germans on the one part and the French and Bel- gians on the other as to the limiting date for Franco-Belgian military evacuation of the Ruhr. It is re- ported that this point has at last been séttled. If so, the conference should end within a very few days, ‘with agreement on all essentials. The following item, crowded out of last week's" issue, is here presented as a peculiar significance: On August 3, the tenth anniversary of the opening of the World War, a huge crowd of Germans stood silent for two minutes before a great draped coffin in front of the Reichs- tag building in Berlin. Across that building was gstretched a drapery with the inscdption, “To the living spirit of our dead.” The silence was not complete, for groups of Commu- nists indulged in cat calls and sing- ing of “The Internationale.” Result: Sunday Communists carried off on stretchers. At the end of two min- utes cannon boomed out'and the crowd burst into a hymn. But the most interesting and significant fea- ture of the occasion is still to relate. After the silent interval large num- Lbers of ‘men and women fell in a HE ' SUNDAY ' STAR, WASHINGTO MATTHEW prove the civil service of the United States. Dorman L. Eaton of Vermont draft- ed the measure which was introduced by Senator George H. Pendleton, a Democrat, of Ohlo. The commission organized on March 9, 1883. Its first home was in a front and back par- lor at 624 Fourteenth’ street. The | first commissioners were Dorman E. isaton, John M. Gregory of Illinoi a great scholar, writer and lecturer, and Leroy Thomas of Ohio. At first they had as “help” only a stenog- rapher, John T. Doyle, who has served ever since and is now seccretary to the commission. and a messenger, in the person of Matthew F. Halloran. One of the first commissioners, a former college president and minis- ter, asked a brother minister, who was head of the Census Bureau and under whom young Halloran had served in Congress and in the tenth census, if he would recommerd a young man. Halloran was sent to the commission- ers and subjected by them to a writ- ten and oral test and appointed from among 200 applicants for the job. Bega: Small Way. In the back parlor on Fourteenth street the civil service rules were drafted. The commission commenced its_operations under a classification embracing 13,204 employes, compris- ing the departments in Washingtor and post offices and custom houses hav- ing as many as 50 employes. Immediately the commission left on a trip thrcughout the country to es- tablish local boards of examiners and instructed young Halloran to buy a typewriter arnd learn to run it before they got back to the Capital. He did and for some years handled every examination and all correspondence. The commission ‘soon moved to what was then the “annex” of the Department of Agriculture, now occupied by the Bu- reau of Entomology. Halloran and Doyle did the moving—in a pushcart. Also in those young days the commission had dead faint from sheer emotion, it was not a hot day. Greece—Mr. Morgenthau is home on @ visit He is head of the com- mission which, under League of Na- tions auspices, is helping to establish and make self-supporting the million and a quarter refugees from Asia Minor now in Greece. Of these, he tells us, 320,000 have been made Self- supporting on_ the soil, and 93.000 in cities, and 250,000 have set themselves up without help. There are still be- tween 500,000 and 600,000 requiring aid. 1t takes only about $50 to “plant” a refugee on the soil. Forty million dollars is an outside estimate of the amount required to complete the Job. The Bank of England has advanced a million pounds in anticipation of an international loan, which the League of Nations council proposes to float, and, at Mr. Morgenthau's urgency, has promised to advance another million. It is to be hoped that the business of the loan will be consummated at a very early date. The economic situation of Greece was sad enough before the arrival of the refugees. That addition of a million and a quarter destituto persons to an impoverished population of 5,000.- 000 made the situation intolerable almost beyond precedent. The Greek government and people have, in desperately straitened circumstances, gone well-nigh to their limit in aid- ing the refugees. The political situation refiects the economic, and justifies the worst fore- for bodings. The other day the cabinet of M. Pupanastascous fell—the first minis- terial crisis under the new republic. It fell by the attack of ome of its own members, Gen. Kondyles, minister of war, who resigned and violently at- tacked the premier, charging him with weakriess in dealing with the economic, military and. other grand problems of the hour. He talked much in the vein of Mussolini, and there is fear that he may attempt a dictatorship. He denies any such intention, but the fear remains. The new premier is M. Sophoulis. It is satisfactory to note that Gen. Kondyles is not a member of the new cabinet. Much had been hoped-of M. Papanas- tascous, the first premier ’of the :::‘l‘rl; lic; not perhaps a man of comm: bility, but concillatory, tactful, highly esteemed in all ‘quarters. He was, we are told, by way of bringing about an “era of good feeling.” The Royalist leaders had in good faith accepted the plebiscite (ratifying the National As- sembly’s action in dethroning the house of Gluecksburg and establishing a re- public), and some had made friendly overtues to the government. The tone of the press was kindly, free of factious- ness and vindicativeness. The drachma had gone up. The.powers had shown themselves cordial to the new regime. The immediate prospect was not rosy, certainly, but on the far slopes the sun was bright. 1t is to be hoped that the change of ministry does not mean the undoing of Papanastascous conciliatory work. Though, at noted above, the expendi- ture of $40,000,000 would complete the establishment of the refugees and make them all self-supporting, it would not suffice to create satisfactory conditions for them. The ercater part of them have ¥. D. C, AUGUST 17, 1924—PART 2 %m POLITICS AND BUSINESS Expert Denies That Elections Are Cause of Hard Times. * BY JOHN T. FLYNN HALLORAN. exceptional mail service. Halloran had one of those high-wheel bicycles which he had won at an Emmet Guard fair, and it was part of his job to ride to the post office after the mail. It was in that Department of Agri- culture “annex” that the first civil serv- ice examination was held in July, 1883, and_among the first applicants was O. E. Weller, now senior Senator from Maryland. who was appointed to a clerk- hip at $1.000 per annum in the Post Office Department. That Halloran, the messenger bo. gave early promisc of the honorable services he would perform is testified under date of April 20, 1886, in a letter signed by the “father of the civil serv- ice” Commissioner Eaton, who wrote: “As 1 am about to leave Washington, after being moro than three years a civil service commissioner, during which time you have been a messenger and typewriter, it gives me pleasure to bear this testimony to your unvarying fidelity and efliciency. I have without excep- tion always found you ready to do your work cheerfully and able to do it rapid- Iy and accurately. You have the good character and capacity which deserves succees in life, and my sincere wishes that you may achieve it Meets Theodore Roowevelt. Outgrowing its quarters in the Agri- cultural Annex, the commission moved to the west wing of the City Hail. There one bright morning in early May. 1889, while Halloran was opening up the of- fice, he was accosted by an energetic, vigorous young man, who announced: “I am the new civil service commis- sioner, Theodore Roosevelt of New York. Call up the Ebbitt House. I have an ap- | pointment with Archbishop Ireland. Say I will be there at 10 o'clock.” Thus began an acquaintance between Roosevelt and. Halloran which soon ripened into a strong friendship. Hal- loran says that Roosevelt “was the greatest of all the civil eervice commis- sioners.” Mr. Roosevelt referred to Hal- loran in public addresses as an illustra- tion of the possibilities under the merit been or are to be established on Mace- donian soil acquired by Greece through victory in the Balkan wars. The mala- rial mosquito is, perhaps, a greater pest in Macedonia than in any other equal area in the civilized world; so great a pest as to reduce at least by half the working efficiency of the inhabitants. An outlay of $100,000,000 on reclamation is required-to make Macedonia a fit place to live in and to realize its possibilities. It would make Macedonia, for its size, one of the richest agricultural areas in the world. The plight of the refugees is not their fault, they have been the playthings of fate and the powers. How pleasant if by some miracle Mr. Morgenthau should ob- tain $140.000,000 as a free gift to Greece, thus restoring in part those hopes of a greater future legitimate- 1y ‘entertained by Greece at the end of the second Balkan war. * ok * k Egypt—Premier Zaghlul Pasha of Egypt is on his way to London to dis- cuss with Premier MacDonald of Bri- tain the Anglo-Egyptian question; particularly as regards to the Sudan and the Suez Canal. When the British government acknowledged the “inde- pendence” of Lgypt, it attached to | that acknowledgement certain con- itions which decidedly qualified the ndependence.” and it unequivocally asserted that the Sudan would remain under British control and adminis- tration and the. Suez Canal under Anglo-French administration and British protection. But, of course, the Egyptian Nationalists could not reconcile themselves to such a cur- tailment of their program which con- templates unqualified . independence for Egypt, complete Egyptian control of the canal and annexation of the Sudan to Egypt. There is a plausible argument for Egyptian possession of the Sudan in that the power in pos- session of the constructions in the | Sudan for storage and regulation of the waters of the Nile feeders ef- fectively controls Egypt. On the other hand, the British conceived and ‘executed those works, and it is much to be feared that in Egyptian posses- sion they would fall into decay ‘and ultimately into dfsuse. Moreover, there are the Sudanese to consider. It is no less to be feared that under the Egyptian scepter the Sudan would revert to the cheos and horror of the pre-Kitchener days. It is old Zaghlul's job .to persuade the British government to surrender the Sudanese to the tender mercies of the Egyptians and to relinquish all the British controls in Egypt. The Egyptian - nationalist extremists thought to make his task easier by a little agitation. Working through a secret organization called the “White Flag Soclety,” they recently caused mutinies among the military cadets in the Gordon College at Khartuin and the Egyptian railway troops at Bara on the Nile and Port Sudan on the Red Sea. The details are ob- scure, but apparently the mutinies were suppressed by British troops or black Sudanese under British officers, with some few casualties to the Egyptians. The agitators use two kinds of propaganda—religious, to win the ‘Mohammedans, and communist, to win the pagans. Fortunately, the Sudanese troops are_perfectly loyal, system which permitted promotions on individual merit unaided by political or personal “influence.” Before the com- mittee on civil service investigations, Fifty-first Congress, when the question was being discyssed of making appoint- monts for a definite period, Commis- sioner Roosevelt said: “It would be a calamity. For example, our $1,800 clerk (the highest then in the classified serv- ice), Mr. Halloran, we should be ex- ceedingly sorry to lose. Ho has been with us seven years. He was appointed as a_messenger and has gone up from an $840 position to $1,800. and is tn my office chicfly.” Upon leaving the com- mission Mr. Roosevelt handed Mr. Hal- loran this letter: ) “During my 6 years as civil serv- ice commissioner you have served under me in a position of peculiar trust. You have done invaluable work for the commission. No one but a man of high fidelity and in- tegrity, of marked capacity and of ability to take the utmost pains and show rigid accuracy and method could have performed such service as yours. It has been a pleasure to have you serve with me, and it is a pleasure to speak as I do of the way you have performed your duties.” 2 From Commissioner Proctor. Somewhat similar testimony was given by Commissioner John R. Proc- tor in 1902, when he wrote: “When I became a commissioner I was told of your long and faithful service, and the impression then given has been confirmed by my personal observa- tion of the attentive manner in which you have performed your duties. The work of certification clerk is of pe- culiar delicacy and responsibility and your long famillarity with the prac- tice of the commission and the con- scientious manner In which you have performed your duties have made your services particularly valuable and efficient.” . About the same date another retir- ing commissioner, William A. Roden- berg, who has just retired from Con- gress, gave similar testimony. Mr. Halloran has been personally responsible for more than 100,000 civil service certifications and much credit is due him for the development of the system and its freedom from scandal. The high regard in which he is held by those who have worked with him was notably attested when his present job of “contact representa- tive” was created for him. He was handed a document which read: “We wish to make grateful acknowledge- ment of your tireless service among us and of your splendid leadership. Tt is with regret that all of us come to the realization that your work With us as our chief is ended, even though attended with the honor | which is duc you. The bond of un- derstanding and sympathy existing between us comes from our interest in a common cause. It was cemented during the trying days of the World War and will endure. Work During World War. During the World War Mr. Halloran performed tireless and invaluable service. IHe had three telephones on his desk, two with direct connections Wwith war bureaus, constantly in oper- ation, and people lined three deep be- fore him daily awalting assignment. He initiated practical methods of short cuts in business and was instru- mental in bringing stenographer and typewriter eligibles from all parts of the country upon receipt of their examination rating and place them in direct contact with the appointing |officers, thus obviating consumption of time for correspondence. For this service he receives scores of commendatory letters from those in charge of the war bureaus, such as the Federal fuel distributor. Being a finished orator he was a leader in liberty loan drives and made many patriotic speeches as a four-minute-man chairman. Mr. Halloran was born in the Dis- trict of Columbia, educated in the pubiic schools, at Gonzaga College, the Spenserian Business College, and Georgetown Law School. He has been a resident of Hyatts- ville for 24 years and in 1919 was elected mayor. 'The Story the Week Has Told as the old soldiers have handed down the hideous story of the former Egyptian rule. The British have made heavy investments in the Sudam and Egypt, and are not minded to lose their money. The British Labor gov- ernment, of which Zaghlul enter- tained fond hopes, has declared that it will go not one step further than did the Lloyd George government in yielding to Egyptian pretentions, and it is backing this declaration with appropriate military, naval and avia- tion arrangement: S United States of Ameriea.—On Aug- ust 12, the steamer carrying supplies for our world-fiyers broke through the ice pack and reached Angmag- sallk harbor, on the eastern coast of Greenland. ‘A bay some 15 miles farther north was found preferable for a refuellng base for the planes, and thither the supplles were con- veyed. The ZR-3, the Zepplin built for our government by the Germans, at Friedrichshafen on the north shore of the Lake of Constance, will, ac- cording to latest report, start for this country about September 10. The time of flight should be about 90 hours. The New York State government has taken about 1,800 acres at Mon- tauk Point (southeast corner of Long Island) for a public park; with its miles of beach, its glorious dunes, its acres of forest, etc., one of the most superb park sites in the world. The following is a belated item but benefactions so great should go on the record: The Carnegie corporation has added eight more millions to the endowpment of the Carnegie Institute of Pittsburgh, which has now received from the late Mr. Carnegie and the Carnegie Corporation a total of $38,- 000,000. Within the next 20 years the institute is to receive eight more mil- lions from the Carnegie Corporation provided it receives $4,000,000 from other sources. The total of Mr. Rockefellers gifts to the University of Chicago is $35,000,000. . One hears that Morris Gest has been in conversation with Gabriele D’Annunzio with a view to the compo- sition by the latter of a play for the American stage to be put on by Max Reinsardt, and that D’Annunsio may visit this country in the Autumn. to supervise the production and to de- liver a series of lectures. * k% % NOTES—The Lausanne treaty pro- vided that should negotiations be- tween the British and Turkish gov- ernments on the Mosul question' fail to result in agreement the matter in- controversy should be referred to the League of Nations for decision. Negotiations have proved fruitless and the British government has re- quested league action. 1t is reported that about 13,000 per- sons have been drowned in floods in China, especially in the Provinces of Chili Hunan and Kwangsi; that mil- lions. have been made homeless from the same cause; that 15,000,000 people of Chins face famine and that a minimuum of $10,000,000 is required for adequate rellef. e “There is no reascn why a Pres- idential year should be a bad year for business, and the hoary tradition that financial and industrial depres- sion always accompanies a national election has not a shred of evidence in our history to support it." This statement was made to me by Robert B. Gluck, well-known ccon- omist and the author of an cxhaus- tive study of business cycles and their causes. I asked the question because numerous statements have appeared in the newspapers attribut- ed to business men that the lethargy in business of the past few months was due to the approach of our quadrennial national campaign. “I know that business men believe this,” said Mr. Gluck. “It is an old notion which has survived since the great. free silver campaign of 1896 At that time business was in very bad shape. And while it had been declining for a long time, the issues of the battle between the two lead- ing partles was such that it affected | very deeply our whole financial | structure. There is no doubt that there was a general suspension of activity awaiting the result of that election. Let a thing happen once in public affairs, and thereafter peo- ple will look for it to happen again. Slamp Not Due to Elections. “In 1300 and in 1904 busincss was not guite so cheerful. But in both of these years the decline had begun the preceding years. The depres- sions of 1900 and 1904 were merely the continuation of movements which | had set in many months before and | were in no wise related to the elec- | tions. “If there is any doubt on this score, we have but to look at conditions in the rest of the world. No onc be- lieves that our elections depressed business in England, France, Ger- many and other European countries Yet everywhere conditions were bad, worse even than with us. We were merely getting our share of the gen- eral weakness in trade. “Perhaps I should have gone bhack a little further. The records we have of 1892 are not so complete as those of today. Yet it is quite certain that that year was a prosperous one much more so, in fact, than they be- lieved jt to be at the time. Now let us take the campaizn be- tween President Taft and Mr. Bryan in 1908. Many business men will r member the unsettled state of affairs | in the last half of 1307. There was something resembling a panic. It continued on into 1908 Indeed it was so marked that the record of year 1908, taken as a whole, was by no means good. But beginning about | June things began to improve. It is remarkable that they actually be- | gan to move upward just about the time the conventions met and con- tinued to get better with amazing rapidity all through the canvass until by the end of the year business be- gan to enjoy something like good times again. Quick Recoyery ia T. S. “The depression had been due to world-wide conditions. Everywhere industry was curtailed. But strange- Iy enough we recovered faster than any other country and that in the midst of our so-called blighting na- tional campaign. Do you think the certainty of Mr Taft's election contributed to this? I asked. “Not at all. The trouble was duc | to underlying economic causes. The | recovery was due to the natural cor- | rection of these causes i Mr. Gluck then showed me some figures about the year 1912 when President Wilson was elected and when the Republican Party was split by the feud between Roosevelt and Taft. There was a chart showing bank clearances, failures, deposits, volume of production in numerous industries, sales, forcign trade, etc. While the curves did not rise so high as in many years of very Egreat prosper- ity, they were well above those of the preceding year. ‘Business in 1912 began a substan- tial recovery. It was consistently better every month that year as com- pared with the preceding year. It may not have been a period of ex- traordinary activity but it was bet- ter than most year: Besides the ten- dency was up. In almost all improvement was steady. This was | not interrupted in the least by the campaign. These slight drops in the lines on the chart represent the usual seasonal fluctuations. You will see Vast Sums for U. | through that everywhe ting better, interrupted we business was that this continued un<’ after the clection and t on well into the next year, his brings us to 1916 when busi- ness was at its height . But what of the war? I suggested Did not that account for our bLoom-- 1916 boom? The 1916 Campaign. “Bevond a doubt, it did. Dut re- member that in the campaign of 1916 the result was very much in doubt. In fact, it was so closc that for i time it was thought Mr. Hughes had been elected. Yet the paign dil not operate to suspend any of oup activiti The war had bLrought u great flood of business to this coun- try. The prosperity we cnjoved was unrelated to the campaign. Gut that is the very point 1 am making—that Our prosperity or depression is the result of cconomic forees and the per- formances of the politicians have very little to do with it == Of course, 1 do h to min mize the stake of the citizen and th business man in good governmen There is much an do to aid or hamper businc wer attending to or neglecting his public dutics, But L think we make a capital mistake to suppose that politics and politician and elections enter into our busines conditions sufliciently to make the difference between prosperity paralysi “We make the Furope. Most from Europe same mistake about” of the news we s about the quarreling of politicians, their predictions of ruin and their promise of plenty But the fact is that while these polis ticians have been talking, the per of Europe have been working, gre economic forces have been at work,* and slowly it ix beginning to dawn on us that Europe is struggling bacl to her feet. This 1 result o the work of the manufacturer in his shop, the farmers upon their fields the workmen at their benches and the hust Harding election is still recalled as one of .widespread gloom in busine T pointed to the on which made abrupt descents Deflation's Results, “There can be doubt, of tha replied Mr. Gluck. “But business men also remember the reason. The remember it only too well. That wa the year deflati There wa liquidation followir post war boom. The seeds of It had bern sownt long before clection went o for sometime afier. 1 sure no economist has ever the two phenomena But why go ba at the present ye parties wrauglin fundamental thir Yet the two leading tions are scarcely over w begins to pick up. Why? Lversa body knows why. Decause the prom- ise of settlement in Europe is bright Because worldwide ag ultural con- ditions are giving our farmers the best price they ha had for the crops in several years. We are at the very threshold of the campaign. yet stocks are beginning to rise and are at the very b t point sinc 1916, bonds bave up. of transacti inc sag in prices has generally are lo doubts that they prove. Of the campaign 18 not making them good. That is thai work of other forces altogether.” But, 1 inquired, d t notion that electic hurt busi had a bad effect upon it? “Do not misunderstand me. I go. not mean to insist that elections have absolutely no cffcct upon busi- ness. There are some lines which fecl them directly. And indirectly all business suffers a little from this very thing you mention Business is always hurt a little when confi-® dence slumps. And there always a little sagging of confide during elections. But it is a minc factor. It is a minor factor now. For by a* curious coincidence there has been recently a very marked revival o confidence at the moment when the campaign osed to be un- dermining it No, sir. D WOrry you, so far as busit rerned. No campaign | ness since 1816. No ¢ that time will have les business while it is going this one.” (Copyright by U. S. Highways i chart over some onomi 1en business will up. : ontinue to im- course very bave campaign hurt busic mpaign since cffect upon on th C. News Sersice, Are Paid by Motor Owners Motor vehicles are now paving a fifth of the highway funds, and there is a marked tendency to collect a larger portion of the highway support from owners and users of automobiles. After careful survey and analysis of all the various sources of highway funds the Bureau of Public Roads, United States Department of Agricul- ture, finds: In 1914 out of a total highway in- come of $240.262,784 the collections from motor vehicles amounted to $12 382,031, or 5.1 per cent of the total. Tn 1921, seven years later, the motor vehicle owners “and operators paid | $118,942,706 in motor vehicle fees and | $3.685,460 in gasoline taxes, which to- gether equaled 10.6 per cent of the | total income for highway purposes. A similar compilation of payments made by owners.and operators of motor vehicles for licenses and permits in 1923 shows a total contribution cn | their part of $188,970,992. In the same | year the gasoline taxes levied by 35| U. S. Export Trade Drops in England Competition of other food export- ing nations is taking business away from the United States in the United | Kingdom, which is the best foreign | market for American agricultural products, according to a warning is- sued by the United States Department of Agriculture after a careful study of the British market. Contrary to popular belief, this de- cline in exports of all farm products in the last few years is mot due mainly to a lesscned demand for these commodities on the part of the British people but is largely the re- sult of successful competition by other sources of supply. Cotton is the one exception to this rule, and here the British market has been affected by diminished produc- tion in the United States and by the loss of a forelgn market for cotton goods manufactured in the United Kingdom. Most of the products which form the staples of our export trade with the United Kingdom are necessitics which practically will be in constant demand, regardless of prosperity or depression. . Improved_economic con- ditions in the United Kingdom, .there- | taxes contributed moter vehicles. uted a toal of § cent, of the cn come. In the six New Enszland contribution is 23.1 per cent crease is accounted for by the incre: in the total number automobiles registered and in the cha in_the average payment per vehicle, which has risen from $11.70 in 1921 to $15 per vehicle in 1823 ’ A very substantial part of the total highway income, 8.1 per cent, was de- rived from the s of bonds, both State and local. (General property’ less than half thg, income, or 44.4 per cent. ked out in another way, that of cvery dollar collected by, the States, countrics, cities township and other taxing districts, only 12 per cent was used for highway pur- poses. The average annual expenditure per person per mile of road all over the” United ‘States is only 0.0054 cent—1. ~ent for each 200 miles of road. highway This means, w fore, cannot be exected to increase the demand for American agricultural products as compared with the de- mand for similar products from that in the case of American pork. products increased purchasing power in the United Kingdom might tend to shift the demand to more expensivs, meats and fats, which are chicfly im ported from other countries. Few American products, partment of Agriculture phasized, command a premium on t score of quality. This country has in the past, held its foreign markets for agricultural products by its vol-’ ume of production and low pricei Its superiority in these respects is« now challenged. American producers, : to hold their market, must underbid-' their foreign competitors or improve -1 the quality of their offering. o Summing up the stiuation, thg, Tnited States Department of Agricul- ture finds that it is reasonabl t expect that in the future the United® Kingdom will continue to impokt, from the United States cotton in de- creased volume; tobacco in constant” or perhaps in an incre: g volume pork products as long the price remains low: whe flour small quantities, v nE with degree of foreign ipetition; stuffs in years of crop shortage in. competing countries; fresh fruits in small but fairly constant amount: dried fruits in fair volume, and glu. cose and other specialized grain products. z 5 the Dé tudy e the: feeg,