Evening Star Newspaper, May 11, 1924, Page 72

2 By CHARLES MAYER. S a result of my large haul in Sumatra, my animal house in Sizgapore was full for & time, Tourlats and Yanglish residents uskl to come to see us and we were &lad to bave them, but the natives and Chinese coolies would have over- Tun us if we had not charged them 2 cents for a quick look around. The £ute receipts wers used to buy fresh meats for the cat animals, and when that was pald for the cash on hand ‘went to the attendants. They were Zood darkers, and since my house was in Orchard Row, practically in the town, they managed to keep & stream of natives and Chinese walk- ing past the cages and stalls. The favorite of the tourists was Timar. Timar was my baby ele- phent, mamed for the sister of the Sultan of Trengganu, the first wife of the Tunku Besar. Timar was a fine woman, and little Timar was a ‘wonderful baby elephant. When I kad nothing better to do, I took her into the shade near my house and trained her. But when I bad been working with her for about three weeks—and she could mot expedt any sort of diploma under fous—the “Flying Jordans” came to town. The elder Jordan brother looked once at Timar and asked if she was for sale. “Every- thing on the lot's for sale,” I told him. He did not haggle at the price, but pald me the $500 (Mexican) I asked. She was worth it. * ko % I TRIED to do the "Flying Jordans" another good turn. They had a trick bicyclist with them. 1 saw this fellow in the billlard room of the hetel flashing a large roll of bills. 1 took him aside and said to him: “If you'll take a fool's advice, you'll give that'money to the hotel clerk to put in the safe. We've Chinese thieves here in Singapore who could steal your eyelids off your eyes without vour knowing it, if they happened to be loove.” “Say, Mayor,” he answered, not the sort pickpockets tackle.” A few nights after that he put his wad of money under his pillow and the next morning it was gome. He went out and bought a revolver and went to sleep with that under his head. In the morning it was gone! My circus experiences taught me that the owner of & good old Ameri- can one-ring eircus could have given even @ Chinese plekpocket hints on how to annex coin and still keep out of.jail. The cleverest of all at this zame was Pogie O'Brien. One way he made money was by leasing pick- pocket concessions. Three or four tellows went along to do the work. He protected them by pretending they wers regular hands, and they agreed to split fifty-fitty every night. Then came along & gang not used to deal- ing with Pogie. After the first night's performance they handed him $10. Pogle gave a snort, but he took it The next day it was $10, and the next. Pogte was disgusted. When the audience camé pouring out of the teant he was by the exit, standing on a lemonade table. “Ladies and gentlemen,” he yelled, “T understand there are pickpockets around here! I want you all to look in your pockets, and if you've lost anything to tell me how much, and T'll see what I can do.” One of the pickpockets stared up at him, his mouth hanging open. “What 46 you mean by it?" he mumbled. Pogie bent down to him. “I mean vou fellows got to check up. I'm tired o’ your — $10." Being here one day and there the next, Pogle left a trail of unpaid bills behind him. Perhaps the closest shave he ever had was in Troy, N. Y. By the time he got his poles stuck up there, the sheriff arrived to attach anything and everything attachable. But old Pogle drawled at him: “gee this brass tag on this animal And another one on that e yonder? Well, they've got on ‘Leased from Adam Forepaugh, 1f there was any place I could have nailed a brass tag on the ele- phant, you'd see he belonge to Adam, too. The tent? That belongs to Mary there—my wife.” “What do you own?’ vawled. ticket wagon and them four “I'm the sheriff * kKK FHE sherift was “red hot” He 100ked dangerous. Pogie pacified him. “You let us parade, Mr. Sherift, o drum up trade, and when we come vack we'll give a bang-up show and vou can attach every doggoned cent we take in." The sheriff cooled down, and Pogle paraded Lis entire crew—everything but the ticket wagon and the four poles. He paraded it around Troy, out of Troy, out of the state and on _to Meadville, Pa. It was the longest | parade on record. Though Pogle was so tight-fisted, he provided for his animals well and Jet his one elephant eat from morning to night. In looking out for the ele- phant he showed his shrewdness, for the elephant is the backbone, so to speak, of the real circus. I mean, of course, the Asiatic elephant. An African elephant is quite a dif- farent beast—Iless intelligent, long legs, great flapping ears, ungainly. Jumbo was from Africs, but he spe- cialized only in size. An animal from Asia would have been & better play- mate., To train or to help train a good-natured Asiatic elephant has always been more fun than work for me. What audiences never realize is ‘that what looks like & hard trick is sometimes the easiest for the traimer to do. An example is the elephant’s stock eirour trick of standing on his head. Pirst the animal is walked to a wail and pushed up clese to it, 50 he may feel sure of it in case his great weight should topple over against it. His front feet are bobbled. A block and tackle, attached to straps, Is put on his hind,feet. His head Is forced down and his hind legs ani body are lifted from the ground. This is heavy work; for his weight is terrific. BEach day he is lifted higher and higher. When he has gained sufficiont confidence -the hob- bles are taken off. on there comes a moment when, feeling his legs being hoisted he de cides to put them up himself. The trainer knows now that the battle 1s more than half won. The elephant has got the ids He 1s petted and given his favorite delicacies. He is Ereatly pleased with himself. From this point the trick is easily per- fected. Teaching an elephant to sit down is even simpler. | It can be accomplished in_about three weeks. He is backed up to @ wall before which a seat has been placed. It must bs as firm a rock; for an elephant, having learned by experience that he is no featherweight, is “terrified by a wobbly bas ‘When his hind legy touch the seat he is prodded and forced back until he sits down on It. * kX% HE action is always accompanied, of courss, with some definite word of command. “Have a seat!” it is apt to be in this case. wsoon prefers to “have a seat” before he is prodded. Then comes the dainty bit he loves. With one elephant I knew, having a weat meant a small chocolate drop (his daily allowance of food welghed half a ton!) The trick I hate to see an elephant trained to perform is that of lying down. Tt looks e but the tesch- ing of it 1s oruel. The animal is prodded in the side with the hook. Its sharp spike sticks into him—al- ways 1o the same spot=—until he lies down to protect the wound. It strikes me as & brutal way to get an 1dea over to & kindly beast. The most terrific minute I have ever lived through in my life was given me by & well-meaning elephant. It was in Adelaide, Australia, in 1834, I was then with Fryers olrous. I was young—and hard. I had to De. One day Mr. Fitagerald, the man- ager, put this Qquestion to me “Charlie, are you game enough to let an elephant walk over you?' “I am if I can have a sharp nail in my hand."” Have & keg o' nails if you want to.” he answered. I got my nail and ground it to & needle point. The fellow who had the elephant was a Portuguese, Joo Bumanie. He was more fool than trainer. His ani- mal was a small female; Mag, her name was. She was the brains of the pair. The idea was for me to lie down in the middle of the ring and for Mag to spread her legs and walk over me lengthwjse. We put her through the act again and again with & straw dummy. She picked up her feet and never grazed the thing; for an elephant hates to step on any- thing soft. At last I told Joe I would try it. He had bought a bottle of whisky 8o he could celebrate after the show, but he got excited and, without my knowledge, took a large swig before- hand. When I was flat on' my back on the sawdust, I saw Joe coming in with Mag. He was walking in szig- zags and he had her all on the biss. “Straighten her ou! I called from the side of my mouth, loud enough for the audience to he: but Joe was too happy to hear anything. He got her over me; then he decided to pull her straight. The elephant did the best she could but was was in quite the wrong po- sition. When she got past my feset, 1 saw that her right fore foot was coming down on my head. I thought it was certainly my finish. I had my nail, though, and I gave the foot & jab. Mag lifted it then, so that the worst it did was to take a slice oft my forehead. I hardly felt the pain, but I was sick for a minute from head to foot. The audience knew nothing about it—supposed they were only seeing a fine stunt. *x % w}m.\! the show was over I said something to Joe Rumanie with my fists. They carried him to the hospital, and that was my last ap- pearance as a performer in that act. The only exception I personally have ever known to the almost in- variable rule that elephants do fot breed in captivity was Columbia. Columbia was a female elephant born in the Cooper and Balley show. Such & thing had never happened in Amer- ica before. Barnum and Balley were competitors then. Barmum sent & telegram to Balley, offering him $100,- 000 for the badby. Bailey had a huge poster made, with the telegram copled on it and underneath, in letters two feet high, thess words: “See What Barmmum Thinks of Our Baby Ele- phpat!” Barnum had presented his rival Editor's No! Baltic, the circus is the circus the i THE SUNDAY STAR, WASHINGAON, D. C, MAY 11, 1924_PART 5 Charles Mayer, Veteran Animal Trapper and Trainer, Who Has Faced Death Countless Times in Jungle and Sawdust Ring, Tells Thrilling Stories of His Experiences — Teaching Parlor Tricks to an Elephant — The Terrifying Ordeal—An Angry Tiger and the Trainer Who Would Not Take a4 Warning—A Celebrated Parade—What Barnum Handed to Bailey. The Tiger That Had Slain Four Men. . “I SAW THAT HER RIGHT FOREFOOT WAS COMING DOWN ON 1Y HEAD.” with a bit of wonderful publieity. Columbia proved a drawing card. Later, when the great combination was made, she was with the Barnum and Balley show. Perhaps she was spoiled by too much attention; for, when she was two years old, she began to show signs of a nasty dis- position. The older she grew the worse it got. 8he used her trunk chiefly for strik- ing Ner keepers, two or three of whom she injured, and by the time she was seven, she had to be kept hobbled. As a point of honor Mr. Balley would not have a bad-tempered elephant; nor would he sell one at any price. When Columbia was eight years old—she was almost full grown ~—he condemned her to death. Big cat animals have intelligence enough, but they lack the elephant's wlll to learn. I should say that the lion is easier to manage than the tiger; for he is laaler in his move- ments—less vicious. But even a lion can never be persuaded to do any- thing striking. He jumpe through a hoop and poses with & group on & pedestal, but the king of beasts is not the king of actors. When it comes to the burning hoop, it is a pretty well seasoned lion or tiger that has the nerve to go through. *x k% LACK leopards are the most diffi- cult of all eats to train. There are very few either trained or in training. If the tiger could ever be got to show, in a ring, his feats of strength or the length of his jump, there would be something worth seeing. I have known a tiger, after & kill in the jungle, to carry or drag away to cover an animal weighing over two hundred pounds. One of the most beautiful tigers 1 ever saw—Raja was his name, and I shall never forget him to my dying day—belonged to the Harmston cir- cus. Harmston was the Barnum of the east. His show used to play Indis and then Singapore and come next to Hongkong, Shanghai, Japan and Java. I ran into it once In Cal- cutta, when I was there on business. 1 spent nearly all my spare time with Eob Love, the manager. The show played for month with a change of bill every week. Some- times & prince or maharaja would charter the whole thing for a pri- vate performance and it would be ad- rtised as closed to the public. Fine publicity! te~No one knows better than the author of these articles, who has been in the menagerie or animal trapping and train- ing business all his life, that, regardless of whether an andience is ‘white, brown, yellow or black, on the equator, or on the share of the ‘world over. The incidents related in the present article, therefore, are redolent of the same canvas and sawdust atmosphere, wherever they may have occarred. This is the sixth of & new series of sight articles by Mr. Mayer, one of the best known circus men and antmal trappers in the east or west. The seventh, “Coping With the Massive Ape,” will appear k. The Harmston circus drew a strange crowd In Caleutta—human samples from all over the earth. Officers and civillans of the foreign popula- tion came In more or less formal din- ner dress and sat In the circle of boxes that was next the one ring. Above these were the usual ofrous seats arranged In circular steps. There were g0 many castes that it was Iimpossible to have “candy butohers” and cold drink sellers, In the stalls sat the high-class natives and Euraslans, unless they had money enough to buy boxes, and in the pit just anything and everything human. The Hindustani, Bengali and Mo- hammedan women could not sit with the men and their faces must not | be seen; =0 for them a section was partitioned off with cheesecloth stretched between bamboo poles. The Eurasian women and the Tamils stayed with thelr husbands and fathers. Through every change of bill and every performance, private or public, there was one act that neld on— George King, an Australian, and Raja, the big tiger. Raja measured over nine feet. He was eight vears old and weighed all of 350 pounds. He had fine markings and was in prime condition. Day after day and night after night for two years King had gone into Raja’s cage, a whip in his hand, and put him through an act. The beast had a bad reputation, which for show purposes was nat- urally exaggerated. He was sald to be a regular man killer. I knew for a fact that he had killed four men. * % % % B ING seemed to be fond of him, however, and he acted as if he returned his trainers affection. Of course, King always fed him. He was brought to the point of taking bits of raw meat out of King’s hand. King used to “make up to” the tiger while he was eating, and later coax him to the bars and rub him behind his ears. Raja would purr, purr, a sort of smooth rumble, and mew like a great tom cat. Then he would turn over on his back and roll while King laughed and talked to him. ‘When he was not with the ti George King was a nobody about the place—a helper with the canvas and in the menagerie and a hard worke: too. Bverybody works hard in & cir- cus. He got $40 a month gold and “found.” That is, he had board, lodg- ing and transportation fres. But when he entered the ring, then he was somebody. To a certain class of women in the audience he was fascinating. The matinee idol is nowhere compared to the fellow who risks his life in the ring. Women make a hero of him BY RING LARDNER. the editors: For the fear the regular reporters did not pay enough temsion to the story 1 will say a few words In re- T gards to the bobbed hair bandit and spouse. who have decided to give up their apt. in Brooklyn and live out of town for a wile. Might state at this junction that the lady in the case is golng to prison of her own free will because they ain't a doubt in the world that she would of been ac- quitted had she of left the case come to trial. In fact it was such & einch that % the lawyers in Brooklyn tried to come to her defense without no invitation knowing they couldn’t loose and it meant a lot of publicity and ‘maybe she would be generous enough to give them 10 per cent of the mil- lion dollar picture contract which ‘was bound to follow her acquittal All the lawyers had to do to set her off free was to first see that she really got her hair bobbed whioh it turns out it was no such a thing and then chose a jury made up of single men mixed with bobbed hair women, either that or left her hair unbobbed llke it was and insisted on & jury of married men and the minute they seen that her hair was long they would of said she was O. K. after all and voted not guilty without listen- ing to the testimony. * kX X UT for some reason another the littel girl put in a plea of guilty and the court aan’'t very well leave her off with a good soolding so ‘we will have to worry along without er but after the exhibition she give you can bet it will only be a short wrile till they’'s at lease & % a dogen other little sweeties doing her stuff and when they get caught it is to be hopei for the sake of their common so~se that they will insist on & trial 7y a jury of their peers if any. I ain't got no facts or figures in front of me but as near as I can re- —— e How Octopus Attacks. Emm have been made in a specially devised tank, in order to test the truth of many stories told of octopl attacking human beings and dragging them to the sea bot- tom. In the tank with the octopus experimented with there .was placed & “dummy” of the same specific grav- ity as a man, and this was baited with & crab. Attracted by this tempt- ing morsel, the octopus made for the figure, seized it in its powerful tenta- cles, and tried to drag it under water, but without success. It then weat to one side of the tank and, holding onto the edge of the glass with some of its arms, it dragged its prey be- neath the surface and crushed the erab shell with its powerful jaws. It is believed that these. experi- ments afford proof tiat the octopus can drag its victims far below the surface of the water only near rocks to which it can attach its_ “suckers.” There is ome spot in the Bay of Naples where these creatures attain & large size,'and now and then a fisherman is reported missing. It is thought that such disappearances are due to the unfortunate man's being caught by the leg by a concealed octopus and dragged under water. In the case of such a repulsive and pow- erful creature as the octopus, it is ‘@ffieult to separate fact from fictien, and hang around the groun: son and out, fo get a, Theré was a Eurasian girl in Cal- cutta who particularly pressed her attentions upon him. He began to brace himself up on liquor. There was plenty of drink in Cal- cutta, good and bad. One WHIff of | King’s breath told me what sort he was getting. I sald to him: “King, you had better let liquor alome. If you donm't, you won't live to walk out of Raja’s cage—you’ll be carried out.” He gave a laugh. “Mayer, I know that cat from the tip of his nose to the tip of his tail” : That greatly disturbed me. When Bob Love took a man on for a wild animal act, he always made bim sign a paper saying that he knew what he was undertaking and did it on his own responsibility. The applicant signed fast enough. But there is not a man on earth who knows a tiger from the tip of his nose to the tip ef his tail, and there is no tiger that knows what a man is going to do. It is guesswork for both. The tellow member this bride and greom pulled oft about 20 to 30 jobs and got away with about $1600.00 which ain't so good. They only took a shot at one bird but didn’t hit him square which is lucky or unlucky as the case may be. Like for inst. if they had of killed him, the next thing was who fired the shot. If it was the gal it didn’t mean nothing neither way, but if it was the boy he would of finish his career in a arm chair upholstered with volts. Which I might say a few ‘words -here in regard to the penalties for shooting in N. Y, state is as far as the male sex is concerned. If you get mad or scared and kill sSomebody they send you to the chair but if you miss them you just get & prison sentence. In the first case the theory is that you are-too dangerous to let live, whereas the faot is that you are perfectly satisfied with kill« ing one guy and wounldn't try to kill no more even {if you hag a chance. In the second case you was trying just 2s hard and all that stopped you from success was lack of practice or may- be a high wind and it is'a cinch that you are ashamed of the effort and a8 you will try again with more re- soon as they leave you out of prison hearsals. * * % % OWEVER, a- person could . write ' several books on the murder sit- uation in the various states, like for inst. the penalty in Illinois for males is hanging, while females is made to give up bridge and mah-jongg for one week. In New Jersey the man is fined $50 to $100 and the woman s given the ks to the dty. In some parts of Callfornia & killing by “ONE-HALF OF THE LAWYERS IN BROOKLYN TRIED TO COME TO HER DEFENSE” Dread Moments in the Ring With Wild Animals of the Circus l that is not clear-headed enough to outguess the tiger is gone. On the day for which the horee show event was billed King decided to clip Raja's claws. 8o he had ihe tiger tied up against the bars, paws |sticking through, got cut a sharp little hack-saw and began. He wa" 80 full of bad whisky that his har 1 slipped and he cut the last claw too near the quick. Raja gave a roar and King laughed. When the ropes were loosened the beast got down in a corner and licked his paw. L ] TH’E show went well that night and all the acts got & lot of applaus After the rest of the evening pro- gram had been run'off and the three prizes awarded, Raji cage was wheeled in and placed in the center of the ring. The cage was in two parts, a larger seotion for the tiger and a smaller one so arrangeéd that the trainer could pass through the outside door, lock it after him and then go through the inner door to the tiger. When the trainer made an exit from the cage proper, he went back- ward with both eyes on the beast. Bob Love never failed to order that two men should stand with long- handled, sharp iron spikes In their bands, one on either side of the cage, ready to help the traimer if the ani- mal became unmansgeadle. As 1 stood near the entranee, talk- ing to Love, George King came in. ‘There was & grin thst I did not like on the fellow’s face and his red-and- #01d cap was almost over one ear. He ‘was hitting his shiny boots with his whip, He got & burst of applause, bowed, scraping the sawdust with his cap, and then went into the outside cage. The band began to play a sort of trembling music, as it something were expected. King threw open the inner door ‘with a flourish, stumbled, half caught himgelf, and lurched forward Raja flew at him, beat him down with one paw, caught him by the back of the neck and shook him like & rat. It Bappened so quickly (hat the men with the spikes seemed to be paralyzed. The audience was in an uproar. I have never heard so strange a sound. It was a mixture of every human cry—including bys- terical laughter. The spikes were stack into Raja and he backed into s cormer, growl- ing and snarling. Boards wore brought from somewhere aad thrust through the bars of the cage to make & partition of wood between him and his kill The crowd did not understand what was being done. Some one bawled out in Hindustan! thst the cage had bdroken. Panio spread. Men and women squeesed through the open- ings between the seats, dropped to the ground and dived out under the side wall of the tent. The band, which had gone limp, began io play a lively march. King was dragged into the smaller section of the cage. He was quite dead. A young DEurasian in a yellow dress ran toward the center of the ring. She gave a shriek, waved her a member of either sex is just frown- ed on. But what I was talking about was the bobbed hair gal and her husband. ‘Well, anyway, after the couple got scared and run away and sot csught, what happened? Why instead of avoiding crowds and a scene and eto. like the police claimed they wanted to do and which they cer- tainly could of, why they tell the whole world the number and name of the train and what time it leaves Jacksonville and what time it gets to N.Y. and the stations is crowded all the way along the route by peeple mostly gals that wants to see the heroine. And the N. Y. newspapers sends their best lady and gent reporters to board the train at Washington and Richmond and peints south so as to got the best interview and some of the stories written just rings your heart. And the Penn station at N. Y. arms above her head for & momen: and thén doubled over in a faint. Luve was il next to me. Heaven knows how we Had managed Lo keep together. “George King's girl” he said, I started toward her, but saw that two men had already run forwatd and pieked her up. I do not quite know how I got out of the teat, but I remember helpinz to carry an English tourlst to her hotel. She had a bump on her head and was unconscious. I got & doctor and then went back to ses what | could do for Bob Love. But he did not nesd me. He was shutting dowr for the night just as if nothing had happened. You cannot upset & clrcus T went to my room and tried in vain to sleep. One thought kept run- ning in my head: “And still there are fo0ls Who think they know the mind of a wild beast!™” (Copyright, 1924.) —. An Unbreakabfe Cigar. PBON. JAMES S. LONG and Henry Uliman of the chemistry depart- ment of Lehigh University, Bethle- hem, Pa., after a year of research work -have successtully discovered & method of treating oigars = that they will net break in the pocket says the Scientific Ameriocan. They concentrate their attention on the binder of the oigar which s its strength. It was found that ! broco stems which are left over after the tobacco leaf ls stripped, and which have been considercd as refuse would make s very tough paper-like material, resembling a tobacco lea® when rolled out om a paper puln machine. To preserve its odor a liquid whic was pressed from %obacco leaves was mixed with it when it was rolled sut This made a very desirable binder but when smoked it gave an odor Iike that from burmed paper. The prob lem was how were the chemists to testors the tobacco odor. There was no mechanical meass by which this could be done. In exper! menting shemically, It was to be re- membered that the law permits ths use only of & few chemicals in cigare After tests, extending over the period of a year, a chemical substance was discovered. In fact, they discovered two things that the refuse part of the tobaces plant can be utflized in the manufac- ture of cigars, and that cigars can be made of such & durable binder that they can be carried without any risi of breaking. e Sugar Soap for Cleaning. 'NUSUAL cleansing qualities and less damage to fabrics are claim- ed for a soap largely made of sugar says Popular Mechanics. The man- ufacturer asserts that the alkal commonly mixed with fatty olls and acids to obtain the lathering reac- tion is Injurious. is 80 crowded ‘with photographers anc hero worshippers that the detectives can't hardly get the couple oul Everywheres the littlo gal is greotec with smiles and murmurs of approva and the only wonder is that some o her admirers did not rush up and kiss her. As I says at first. she is going to prison of her own frec will. If she had a mind to stay out, why with her start she could make a bbl of money without the use of no fire arms. And sometimes it don't hardly seem fair that a person like I has to set here and sweat to earn & how est liveing just because I was borr homely, the wrong sex and not Brooklyn. (Copyright, 1824.) Concerning the Olla. NE of the most disagreeabis features of {ife in a hot elimate is the lack of cold water to drink. This is mors espectally to be noticed when one bas come from a colder climate or from a place where in summer ice is plentitul and its use customary. Even in a hot climate artificial ice may overcome the dif- culty, but in poor and sparsely set- tled districts this is a luxury which cannot be afforded. However, in a climate whiech is no: only hot but very dry, like that of southern Arizona and New Mexico, « simple and quite effectual method of cooling is in use. It is accompitshed by the means of a vessel called the olla (pronounced oya)—a pot or wi- ter jar, made from clay. These vessels are fashioned br women. In making them the clay is first kneaded for a time, and fine, drv grass seed sprinkled over and mized through it. To shape the bottom of the vessel, this clay is worked into & basket-bowl To this small por- tions of clay are added, which the women mold with the hands and then pat into shape with a stick, thus building up the sides. The olla is rounded in toward the upper part and has a large, open mouth with a lp. around the tor Thbe vessels are then sun-dried and afterward baked, or rather burn over a fire. Daring this process of baking, i/ fine grass seed, which had been origi- nally sprinkled through the cla: burus out, leaving small s; in th walls, which help to make the matc rial porous. Generally a coat of red paint {s pu’ on the outside, though sometimes smoked spot is lett visible, giving tho jar a red and Black appearance. A'l sizes are made, though those in con mon use hold on an average five of six gallons. ‘When flnished and ready for use the jar {s suspended from the limD of & tree or other shady place, where there is\ a free circulation of sir Soon after water is put in a sweal - or molsture is seen on the Sutside of the jar, and then the water in it rap idly becomes cool. The principle on which this chang® takes place is the one, well known I physics, that heat is absorbed or dis- appears to thé rnrc?{flon When water passes from s laquid to a g&seous cr from a solfd to a liquid condition. The ryer the atmosnhere and the Sometimes the ollas hung oro above the other, so th:?um water from the upper ane will drip into the ower.