Evening Star Newspaper, January 6, 1924, Page 63

THE SUNDAY STAR, WASHINGTON, Government Goat Farm Near City Shows Value of Unusual Industry Nutritious Milk for Infants and Invalids May Be Produced With Profit to Those Who Take | Up This Work—Department of Agriculture Has Herd of Forty Milch Goats at Beltsville Under Scientific Observation—W ashington Receives Direct Benefts Through Diet Kitchen and George- town University Hospital in the Treatment of Ma’n_utrr'tion in Infants and Invalids. HE sur ton lack the cozy chalets, the snow-crowned mountains and the robust Alpine climbers and singers that are as infallible as guideposts in introducing the trav- cler to the heart of Switzerland, but the neighborhood of the Natlonal Capital boasts one typically Swl: earmark—it the Beltsville mileh moat herd owned and operated by your Uncle Samuel and one of the hest Tom Thumb dairy projects of its Kind in the country. Toggenburz and miniature is Saanen milch cows of the Alps imountain sections—predominate iu the government herd at Beltsville which is maintained for experimen purposes, Washinkton has benefited markedly result of Uncle Sam's entrance the goat-raising business some ko, for much of the and easily vroduced at the national been used in co-operative at the diet kitchen and orge- University Hospital for the treat- f puny infants and invalids om malnutrition. Medical ve been worked where the milk has been added to- the dietary of persons, both young and old. who suffering from di- xestive disorder: When mention is made of an American goat, most of us imme- diately visualize in our mind's eve a typical tin-can alle, goat of the stubby-tailed. strong-horned variety, or else recall to mind that i trouble to come—the fraternity and unjust they ties. goats—the into misteen years nutritious t's miik m has yesearch town zout's were ger ¢ odg o just are required to when join one of these T ated back t alle brush goat nd cultured yout the same degree pe belongs in the mily mammoth dirigibles The vlutocratic milking goat Is the ox antithesis of ordinary tin can goat. The blueblooded goats are disciples of sanitation. They will eat nothing but clean and pure food. Whey require sanitary stables and e Personal keep their *haggy overcoats as spotless and im- maculate as those of the most par- ticutar “tabbies” of the feline world. The alley goat is evervthing that the bred milch goat is not. The nly resemblance between these two cimens of the Jive stock world is at both are called goats and have legs. horns and ha th at in a mileh g that a ZR mbulator of they T is well worth the trip to travel out to the Beltsville experimental farm on the Baltimore pike, sixteen miles from the White House, to care- fully inspect one of the most remark- sblo goat farming projects In all América. You to the farm inclined to ridicule and be suspicious of all that you have heard about the ive properti f goat’s milk. | You veturn to Washington con- vinced that is a sani- | tary, thrif! little | specime al life which de-| place than | American | may %o w the mileh serves 1t now Tve Ti a goat farm features grade and pure bred and Saanen milch goats Ladies who see | time always call | littie bundles of - have ever seen are very ma - Togginburg all sizes and ages. st well bred herd. rs are as playful and 25 baby bulldogs. They and tumble over the greensward for all the a of contented oungste vous colony he average milch doe weighs be- 110 and 115 pounds, vet her diminutive size, she pro- m seven to ten times her nutritious milk each year. age milch doe in the Belts- ille herd produces from 3.5 to 1arts of milk daily during the peak of her nine month's an- al milking period. The best doe in 1c herd has a record production of 1287 pounds milk -and sixty-five pounds of butterfat for one lactation veriod while the output of the entire erd twenty-four milch does is well over the 900-pound milk produc- tlon mark per animal Under present conditions it costs bout 10 cents a day to feed the 1ili- utian cows their regular rations of alfa and clover hay and their grain lespi weight oduction of digestible | goat which both | is| oundings of Washing- | THE PURE-BRED MILCH GOAT pounds of hay and two pounds of grain daily. During the grazing season grass and browse supplant the hay in the goat bill-of- fare. Milch goats really 1lke good browse, including lots of tender green twigs and branches, better than they do the best bluegrass pasture. In lo- calities where an abundance of good browse is available the annual main- |tenance charges of the goat herd are materially reduced. to three | On the majority of municipal mar- kets where goat's milk is its price is double that of the cow's milk. 1f ordinary milk for 16 cents a quart, goat's usually brings 32 or 35 cents a quart In New York goat's milk has best sells city It is easy to see how attractive profits may accrue to the goat dairy- man who will maintain a good pro- ducing herd. Grade does produce well can be pur- | 1 chased for $40 to $50 apiece. The| cost of 10 cents a day to feed them | is under unfavorable conditions where | all the feed has to be purchased. On | the basis that such goats will pro- Guee 900 pounds of milk a year, which an be marketed at 35 cents a quart; the gross income per animal will [ aggregate about $15 0, or more than times the purchase price of the | e S T milch goat is known popularly s the “poor man's cow” through- out continental Burope, where grass and browse are abundant and where goats can be maintained under condi- tions which would be prohibitive to cows. The general plan is for the allowances of cracked corn, oats, 1 and oil meal. The average doe bout three to three and a half peasant family to keep two milch goats, one animal to freshen in the spring, the other in the fall Thus a COMMONLY ASSOCIATED WITH LOD available | milk | sold for as much as 50 cents a quart. | IS NOT THE KIND OF ANIMAL INITIATIONS. rellable vear-round supply of milk is guaranteed. The wealthy classes as well as the poor people keep family goats as dependable sources of a sanitary and nutritious milk supply. When these different families go to the seashore or mountains for their annual vacations they always take their mileh goats along for utilitarian purpo | In the Italian cities the goat dairy {man drives his herd of goats from to door and milks from th amount of lacteal f feh each household desires to pur- This extraordinary {tinerant farm solves storage, sanitation transportation problems 1 at by driving the pigmy cows from | house to house and drawing the milk only as it is sold. The peculiar mecha composi- tion of goat’s milk makes this food ideally adapted for the feeding of in- | valids ana sickly infants. The suppo- a: and once sitlon bility very globules. cream on is that the increased digesti- of this fluld obtains from the uniform distribution of the fat Unltke cow's milk, the 5 goat's milk will rise readily to the top of the ve container in which the milk i This results from the even distribu- tion of fat particles throughout lacteal fluid. Many not chemical tests_have demon- strated that the average fat content of goat's milk ranges from to 4.4 per cent. Relatively speaking, there i8 no marked difference between the milk of the goat and that of the cow except the more uniform distribution of the fat particles in the former fluid. Goat's milk is eminently suit- able for practically all the purposes to which cow's milk is put except for making butter. THE BELTSVILLE GOATS OCCUPY CLEAN, SANITARY STABLES, AND YIELD FROM THREE ' AND ONE-HALF TO FIVE QUARTS APIECE EACH DAY DURING PEAK PRODUCTION. the | the | Overseas, large quantities of goat's milk cheese is manufactured annual- | 1y. Unless artificially colored, the| butter made from goat's milk is very ! white and resembles lard in appear- | ance. Tests made at Beltsville, how- ever, have proved irrefutably that @ good quality of butter can be pro- duced when the goat milk and cream | are properly handled. The European goat's milk a popular that they are shipped in large quantities to ail the leading | dairy products markets of the world. |In Prance goat's milk cheese Iis called cheveret or chevrotin; in Italy, formagglo di copra; and in Germany, Weichkasen aus Ziewenmilch (soft cheese from goat's milk). Goat's milk cheese has a charac- | teristic and individual flavor all its own, although the products closely resemble Limburger cheese. It is made either entirely of goat's milk, or. better, with one-fourth or one- third of cow’'s milk, as this mixture materlally improves the quality of the | product. | Latterly at u large New York city hospital goat's milk was supplied to eighteen sick babies that were not thriving on any other food that had been tried. 1In_seventeen of thess cases a satisfactory state of nutrl- tion was established through the use of the goat's milk, the beneficial re- sults in some instances being very marked. With certain of thess chil- |dren the situation was regarded as |very serlous previous to the addi- | tion of goat's milk to their menus. * % % % che, numerous s made from and are so | 'HIS matter of the management of the government goat hdrd at Beltsville has simmered down to a | sort of a family affair with the Bran |dons. Miss Mary Brandon, a scient! fic stant in the animal husbandry la on of the United States Depart- ment of Agriculture, attends to the office work, the maintenance of milk production and butterfat records and other data connected with the experi- mental research with goats at Belts ville, while her broth | | WHERE THE HAPPY KIDS PLAY ON THE BELTSVILLE GREENSWARD. don, a graduate of the Purdue Col- |lege of Agriculture, is superintendent |of the Beltssille experimental farm, the largest agricultural project of its kind in the world. The Beltsville herd of established in 1908 when attempts were made to common brush goats Washington from Alabama with pure bred goats from Switzerland. The breeding experiments have been con- | tinued until now most of the goats in | the government herd are at least seven-eighths pure while some of them are 31-32 purebred. i ats was the inftial cross thirty brought to The nationai earches in goat family improvement at Beltsville demonstrate that native American ! goats can be readily improved by in- | | termingling their blood lines with those of the aristocratic milch goats of forelgn ancestry. Unquestionably in the every large city in America today there is attractive opportunities awaiting the init'atiye and energy of | goat dairymen who will ablish profitable herds and embark the special goats’ milk business. In the latitude of Pescadaro, Calif., is one of the largest zoat ranches in the world, a project that maintains 8,000 milch goats of all ages, sizes and varieties. The management of this ranch, appreciating the demand for goats' milk for infant and invalld feeding in all parts of the United States, several yeirs ago established and equipped the first goats' milk condensing and evaporating plant in the world. All the goats' milk pro- duced on the ranch is now concen- trated and canned in special contain- ers and distributed among retall druggists in all sections of America. At present the output of the plant each year represents the conversion of more than one and one-half million pounds of goats' milk into a more re vielity of concentrated and marketable product. Down in the highlands of Virginia below Roanoke lives an Episcopal minister, D. Campbell Mayers, who has established a most remarkable milch goat farm. It so happens that the clergyman is a native of the Bar- bados Islands, where he first be- came interested in the breeding and ralsing of milch goats. When he came to America, about fifteen years ago, he brought a number of his goats with him. Originally he accepted a charge in the neighborhood of War- renton, Va., but several years ago he moved to Southwestern Virginia, where he has since been operating his goat herd In 2 most unusual way. D. C, JANUARY .6, 1924—PART 5. American Winter Sport Leaders To Be in Olymplc Games Openin Old Greeks Would Be Astonished if They Could View These Modern Contests on the Snows of the Algs—Greatest Skating and Hockey Stadium in World Has Been Constructed—Bob- sleds and Sledders Hauled Through Air on New Aerial Cable Railway Up the Aiguille du Mid;. Plans to Race Down Into Chamonix Over Grandest Toboggan Shide. CARNIVAL DAY OF THE WINTER SPORTS AT THE OLYMPIC GAMES. BY STERLING HELIG. CHAMONIX, French A December 2 PEED, hockey and fancy skat- ing open the Olympic games of 1924. -Here is a novelty that would astonish the old cham- plons of antique Greece! In the white snows of the grandest high val- ley of the Alps, surrounded by Mont Blanc and sister peaks, the biggest and most modern skating, hockey curling and skijoring stadium in the world has been constructed at Cha- monix( in honor of France's turn to have the games. ter sports were absolutely unknown to the original Olympic games amid the laurels and the roses —this luxurious romping on the ice from snowbound palace hotels, iso- lated, high above the world, select and noble, white, all white! The old Greeks would be astounded to see the bobeeds and sledders whisked, in basket, through the air, from high-strung cables run- ning up the Afguslle du Midi, of the Mont Blane range, to an altitude of 32,940 meters (2% miles), to race down into Chamonix over the grandest toboggan slide of the Alps! But the skating, hockey and sled- ding (pure sport!) would be grasped and welcomed by the old Greek champlons at first glance! So open the Olympic 1924. Americans are already tentative favorites for the opening days—for fancy skating, Sherwin Badger (the American champion) and Nat Niles. The ladies are Mrs. Charles B. Blanchard (American champion) and Miss Beatrice Laughran (runner-up of the last champlonshipe). Most of the hockey players are ex- pected from the Boston Athletic As- sociation; but the final make-up of the team is not to be announced until the very latest date possible to get the entries to the Fremch Olympic committee. A similar policy applies to the American speed skaters. Charlie Jew- traw. from Lake Placid (international outdoor champion), Harry Kaskey of Chicago (American and Canadian out- door champion), and Joe Moore of New York (international indoor champion) are early favorites—al- a steel games of though it is not sure that Moore, in | {any case, will bo on the team. He is one of the best artificial ice rink skaters that America has ever had; but there is sald to be vast dif- ference between speed skating on an | indoor track of ten or more laps to the mile, and on an outdoor ellipse of 500 meters, whose two straight stretches are 140 meters each—as in the new Olympic stadium of cha- mounix. * % % ¥ FITS ice stadium, said to be the biggest in the world, has 36,000 square yards' surface, of which 22,000 square yards are in lce. The re- mainder, In addition to the tribunes, 1= made up of an exterior skijoring track of snow, 650 meters to the lap and oight meters wide, with the de- velopment of turns permitting the most interesting competitions in this queer sport, where the ski skimmer (man or girl on immensely long, slender runners, like those of a sleigh, and used as snowshoes) stiffens his legs (or hers), and is pulled by a horse—which it is an art to jockey! Then, inside the grand elllptical skating track, is the grand rink for hockey and fancy skating, with five links for curling. The electric lighting is another novelty. The lamp-posts of the stad- lum tracks, etc, carry 1,000-candle electric lights, at a height of 20 feet, with reflectors. From Lake Placid, N. Y, comes news that the American skalters have been practicing on specially built rinks designed by the Olympic com- mittee as exact duplicates of the rinks at Chamounix—greatly differ- ing from the usual rinks to which Americans are accustomed. Our sklers, also, when you read this, — e He found that it was a lot of treu- ble to prepare the goats' milk for transportation—sometimes from one end of the state to the other—so he conceived the unique idea of sending the goats instead of the milk to the homes of the sick omes. Each doe ‘was rented out. the renter feeding the animal st his personal expens | absolutely “foreign" ! 1 | and comtorts, apt to set a brok W, S e STADIUM. will be on the ocean en route to Surope. along with the skaters. How they, in any case, will find the Chamounix ski courses cannot be exaggeratcd. Towered, close by the mighty chain of Mont Blane, the glunt slopes are dotted by hamlets whose entire popu- lations are devoted, practiced and en- thusiastic speci: s of ski! For the Olympic events, village has its sector organ ready with revictualments, first aid | and massage a frozen nose, and ready. instantly, by telephone (or without orders, after an obliterat oW - | nix i doll f FANCY SKATING IN THE | SHADOW OF MONT BLA‘ C. fall), to rush out and make slear any bit of course complained of, multiply the signposts, place additional “con- trols” and, at need, supervise simul- taneously ,two or more ski courses using the same bit of route, here and there, over the titanic slopes. In the Maquet:> of Chamounix. just made for the Olympic games (it is like a minlature set-scene of a thea- ter, with real perspective), the ski and bob-sled courses appear as thin black lines running straight down | these declivities, which seem almost too steep and short} but this Is due to necessary distortion—especially in a| photograph. Tt is Mont Blanc, up| there, 4,807 meters altitude; and the bob-sled run “from the top” starts at the hamlet of Les Pelerins, 1 miles from Chamounix, along the Tel- eferio railway up the Ailguille du Midi, at an altitude of 2% miles! The maximum bob-sled slope, all. the same, is only 18 per cent and its width three yards. . * % % % \ HE Noal's-ark-like villages are miles apart, over swelling foot- hills of snow and ice—all cruel, hard golng. The ski speed races, usually, are three miles. The ‘“sustained” competitions run from seven to four teen miles. But the big speed und endurance tests are oftener fifty miles than twenty-five miles. The local populations are all ski- ers, for habitual local transporta- | tion in winter. They begin as babies. | Twice a week, below the Bo glacier. you can see thirty k Chamounix, from six to I een i years, working with their #ki profes sor, Alred Couttet, the French cham- plon! Visitors, on the other hand, have the immense advantage of prestige, convenience and luxury, over the na. tives. We are like superior béings Winter sports, at Chamounix (as in the Pyrenes, the Dauphiny and Savoy | Alps, and at St. Morita) are “select,” | aristocratic, in the eyes of natives. The palace hotels open specially for them. Steam heat, flowers, shining| siiverware and napery, the snug tea rooms and dancing lounges full of warmth, light, color and perfumes, make a contrast with the rude snow stretches and the giant ring of moun- tains that s striking. But this con- trast is no greater than that of the natives and these white-clad visitors —who seem, indeed, like old gods of Olympus! Dwelling on high, in tapestry- hung, silk-wadded rooms of palace hotels, we look from our windows on the great white flakes of falling snow, backed by world-famed peaks and” | Europe, | the | purchase for { previously needles! meet rich ¥ Here, girls ngland Olympic an nd America. We are not tourists! Summer visitors are tourists. We are special, priv- ileged and extra—bringing new, sud- den brillfance in midwinter to these | Alps. which only season for it, the opening draws, in an extra m spenders of winter sports who de the win- ter season of St. Moritz richer than that of the summer. Such are thes who give snug rs private parlors; bring up their own horses for and pay hotel board for their own private servants. Never- theless, the united hotels of Chamou- have issued a price-current for the Olympic games, which (to Amer- icans, who buy 1S francs for their will seem moderate indeed red in advance, by mas Moritz (in Switzerland) the t of winter sports 1d rprise: but Chamou- ¢which i= in France) and certain the Pyrenees have sprung to remarkable vogue since the war. Yivmpic way. the games heavy i st was farmerly luxury e en enters Only at Chamounix will you see a ski leap call it & tremplin, or spring board), like the Olympic leap of Mont Blanc. During its construc- tion a heavy metal truck that brought up materials escaped from control of its conductor, and made a straight dive of 155 feet ver- tically! When the skiers, arrive at this (they kimming down, projection they get jump of 230 feet in depth alone (or even mora); and, of course, their trajectory being diag- onal their total distance is sensa- tional beyond anything done on the famous Julier leap of St 2 a Moritz It is similar to the nix bob-sled run. In the Magquette (which will probably by the American t great Chamou- of Chamounix be taken back m as a souvenir) BOBSLEDDING DOWN THE AIGUILLE DU MIDI OF MONT BLA in the fore- ks to the left : Alguille du Midi ground of mountain of Mont Blanc. I HAVYE been allowed to photograph this pretty scene of the opening of the Olympic games at Chamounix, built like the model of a theatrical set, in a box. with real perspective running back n foothills to the mighty Mont Blanc ehain, which, of course, is painted flat. It gives the entire valley of the Arve. The Aiguille du Midi, in the mixing of real and false perspective, shows almost as far away and as high,as Mont Blanc, to Its right. As a fact, it is nearer and considerably champfons | women of all! CHARACTERS OF THE COSTUME BALL HELD IN THE ICE 1 lower. Half way down inaccessible black rock | Alpine climbers, is the Hm-nmmnq of this new | sled run! The brand-new Teleferic railwa to the summit of the Algui is itself an unpublished the French Alps. It funicular (which means English). Call it onal cable aerial lines where, in mountain rare ores from high-per: Only this ons is exclusively sengers, In design, size and tion! Up stretch the cables, interminab. hung from Eiffel Tower-like support that mount. up, up to the summit o the needle, at an altitude of 3.84 meters (Mont Blanc's altitude 4 807 meters)—and this high hamlet c Pelerins, whe: the bob-sled L Is quite visible the Maqu apparently sometliing Iess than way up from Chamounix valley In summer time, the summit Aiguille du Midi wiil be point of view, in a certa | aerial trip—steel cars, | | swinging in the void, up, up! to Inaugurate the Telefer line, the bob-sled “top” for the Olym pic games is at this high-perched = tion of Les Pelerins. Up go sledd and sledders rial cars that swing, like i clear sky, as seen by the in hotels of Chamouniz Down, down, ders, down, the terrific the Olympic games! In the the run is marked, r straight biack line; but really curves, in glorious lacets, er slanting more, in.fact, than 1 per cent. The old Greeks Olymplc games, 3,0 nothing Itke this— Either going up, Or coming down! it, below tk peaks of 1 op” alread Olympic bo e du M 1o is acr nothing tr which, one of regior for pa constiry is ha of t uniay and rising, a in the : n th come sieds and sie bod-sled run M. tiy b of course, w started 0 years ago th ha Skates of Glass. INDERELLA'S glass slipper fair to become something than a mrth, though the moder: Cinderella will need mno fairy sod mother to furnish her with a coach in which to reach home swiftly. Hc slippers will answer the purpos The modern Cinderella’s glass slip per is a skate, of which the up part resembles a slipper. open be- hind, with & split “lace-up” hee cap. The skate is of glass, hardened by a certain process to the consist ency of steel. Every part of th skate is of glass, from the slipper like upper to the glittering blade It is asserted that the glass blades are much more slippery than stee ones and that they will run almos as well over rough, snow-covered fce as on a ice sheet, an will also go easily over twigs and other obstruc They are made very sharp and are so extremely hard that it is almos fmpoesible to blunt them. They unlike steel skates that never need grinding and never smooth d nequalities tions. e rus Glazing V\’ltl)lout Metal the I already | processes the cnown wrt glazing small individua planes of glass bordered “framed” with lead all them are joined together to form the colored glass window or othe ration. During the war, how use of metals became restricted that it became necessary to find som 1 sultable substitute for this purpos: According to one process, the singl pieces of glass are arranged in th manner desired upon a fireproof back (ing and then are joined all togethor Ly heating in the kiln, with th of a first-class flux. As soon as this first fusion has been effected the en tire plece of work, together with the backing, is wishdrawn from the kiln finely powderea glass flux is filled into all crevices and joints and it Is then melted by the assistance of a blow pipe. The piece of work is now reads for mounting in position, and abso lutely no leading or metal bordering is required. The artistic effect is en hanced by the method. of mounting and the picture is not so mucy “broken up" as by the pleces of met and then of deco the