Evening Star Newspaper, January 6, 1924, Page 30

THE EVENING STAR With Sunday Morning Edition. WASHINGTON, D. C. SUNDAY.......January 6, 1924 THEODORE W. NOYES. . .. Editor Business Office, 11th St. and Peonsylvania Ave. New York Ofce: 110 East 42nd St. Chicago Office: Tower Buildl European Office: 1 R sland, The Evening § edition, i delive city at 60 cents with the Sunday morning by carriers” within the er_month: daily only, 40 3 20 cents’ per e sent by mail or tele- lection is made by car- b month. manth, Orders. Pho min- 3000, Tiers at the end of Rate by Mail—Payable in Advance. Maryland and Virginia, Daily and Sunday.,1yr., $8 70 § . 500 Dalily onl H Sunday + $2.40; 1 mo., 20¢c tates. . $10.00; 1 mo., 85¢ $7.00; 1 mo.. 60c $3.00; 1 mo., 25¢ Member of the Associated Press. The Associated Press Is exclusively entitied fo the ‘use for republication of il news dis- patehes credited 1o it or wot otherwise credited in this paper and alko the local news pub. lished berein. Al rights of publication of Taily or Sunday i No Jekyll-Hyde Transformation. In this niatter of gasoline tax the Capital community not only suffers as one who is, threatened unexpect- edly with a new blistering half million or million tax, but also is distressed With a sense of humiliating outrage as one who feels. that he has some- how been ignominiously befooled Maryland denied to the District the motor-tug reciprocity which it grant- ed to all the states. Tn order to make up a country road-building deficit and to sccure funds for further road im- provement, Maryland imposed a tax on gasoline. Maryland found that un- less a similar tax was levied in the District many of its motorists would buy gasoline there and the revenue receipts from the new tax would be | espondingly reduced. So Mary- | land desired strongly that the Caj should take the Washington | felt that its exclusive legislature, Con- | gress, should secure for it from Mary- land the same free motor reciprocity which the other political subdivisions of the Union enjoved, but having no representation whatever in its legis- lature the Capital was hopeless of se- curing this equity except for a price. Under these conditions the District Commissioners and the Maryland au- | thorities made informally a wise and | fair tentative t. Maryland and the District to recognize reciprocally each other's license tags and the District was to change its form of motor taxation, so that gas- oline should be taxed. without either increasing or decreasing its total tax | revenue from this source. A bill embodying this agreement was heartily approved both by Mary- land and the Capital community, and approval of it and the promise to ex- pedite its passage were, it was believed, secured from influential legislators in Congress, so that Maryland and the Disrict felt safe in instituting and did institute tentatively and in ad- vanve motor reciprocity in accordance with this agréement. . ‘| But soon as the bill embodying § this agreement of comity and recipro ity, helpful to sub- mitted to the District committees of Congress its conversion was threat- ened into a new tax-exaction of a half- million or a million dollars by making the gas tax an addition to instead of & substitute for other motor taxation. Washington asked for bread. Will Congress give it a stone, between the eyes, savagely, crushing Of course, the District Commission- ers have no power to binding | @creements in respect to vuatters of District taxation. No Washingtonian | has any voice whatever pect to | his taxes. w e in t public the taxed alone decide through | representatives all questions of taxa- tion. The taxed, who elsewhere have everything to say, here have nothing to say concerning taxes. Our alien taxing body, alien in the sense that we have no representation in it, is Congress. The Star does not believe for an in- stant that Congress will in the end mock and injure the District by con- verting, through a Jekyll-Hyde trans- formation, the legislative benefit for which it petitioned into a curse. Con- gress will either give effect to the agreement between Maryland and the Distriet in accordance with its spirit and intent or it will reject the agree- ment altogether. . ‘In its final deliberate decisions Con- sress has for years been fair and just in its relations to the nation's city. No ong has any reasbn to believe that this record will be blackened now. ——————— Reports that large sums of money were lent without seeurity stimulate interest in the Senate’s Teapot Dome inquiry. A large number of willing horrowers would like to know the pre- cise précessgs of negotiation. i Business prospects are excellent for 1924, and Henry Ford saw no reason for personal interference in politics in & way that might disturb them. tal's tax on form of a g motors soline tax. were everybody. was make 1 ve Ever ere e i | The Body of the Pharaoh. ‘When the exchvators in the valley of tombs near Luxor swung open the last of the series of doors in the mortuary cthamber of the tomb of King Tutankh-Amen they found a great pinkish sandstone sarcophagus, and they knew that they had thwarted the purpose of the Pharaoh of 3,200 years ago, and had reached the place of his last rest. It had been planned by him, and its construction was super- vigsed by him as well. He had followed the practice of his predecessors in thug preparing the place where his mortal body should remain to wait for the resurrection, which it was their belief, and his, would come in after time. Tgt-ankh-Amen -had seen the tombs of earlier kirigs rifled by looters. Not one had escaped their at- tentions. - Not only the treasures, but the mummies of past Phareohs had been disturbed. The greatest care was taken to keep these places intact and inviolate, and even to keep their locations secret. But despite all these precsutions all had - been entered. King Tut-ankh-Amen therefore planned. & complex tomb, & yeritable mess | { the lerty for the maintenance of a group chambers, the last of which contained ' liquors which are taken off by small a pustling nest of sepultures. Yet within fifteen years of his death, it is now computed, his tomb had been en- tered by thieves who pillaged for gold. They even entered the inner chamber of entombment. But they could not, or at least did not, reach his sar- cophagus. They stole the treasures with which he was surrounded, but were thwarted by the strength of the barriers in thé mortuary hall. Bventually the stone box will be opened and the mummy of Tutankh- Amen will be brought to light. This, it 1s believed, is the first time that the mummy of a King of Egypt has been found in fts original resting place, the first time that a tomb has yielded its strange treasure. And yet this one was attacked and almost penetrated to the depths. No wonder that science is thrilled by the discovery. Question has been raised as to the! propriety and utility of this explora- tion. It has been urged on sentimental ground that eacrilege should not be commttted by the opening of the king's tomb. But that is a wrong view. There is no sacrilege in the careful, reverent bringing to light of a relic of the past which will tell & wonder tale for the enlightenment of mankind as to the past. The mummy of King Tut-ankh-Amen will continue to repose hereafter in its stone casket, though not in the tomb which he pre- pared. It will be placed where the world can see it, and where it can be studied, where the wonderful beauties of its surroundings can be observed. Already much has been learned of that remote period from the paintings and carvings and objects found with- In this tomb. Invaluable eontributions have been made to sclence through thie discovery, which came almost by chance, In veritably the last stage of a despairing exploration in a seeming- 1y barren field. Uncle Sam’s Losing Investment. One of the items in the supplemental estimates submitted to Congress by the President is that of $120,968 for rent to the Baitimore and Ohio rail- road for the land occupied by the gov- ernment hotels, $46,653 for the past fiscal year and $74,315 for the current year. In explanation of this estimate it is set forth that the condemnation proceedings leading to the acquisition of this land for inclusion in the Capi. tol-station plaza have been suspended. Meanwhile, in 1918, the government leased the land from the railrcad com- pany for the period of the war, and for twelve months after the ratifica. tion of the treaty of peace, as a site for the hotels for woman department workers. Differences having arisen on score of rents, there is an ar- rearage, and the large sum now requisitioned represents the lease money up to the Ist of July next. This item of rent for the site of the government hotels brings sharply to consideration the question discussed in The Star yesterday of procedure to the point of acquiring the land now remaining unbought within the area originally mapped as e park. It is evident that the government is doing & losing business in leasing this prop- of hotels which are no longer needed for housing purposee. and which. at; best, can be only self-supporting. The question, however, is not whether the government should con- tinue in @ money-losing hotel enter- prise, but whether it should not pro- ceed with the condemnation of the land required to finish out the plaza project. Senators Pepper and Fernald propose to bring this matter to an is- sue. They will have a strong argu- ment for an early conclusion on the question in the disclosure made through this requisition for appropria- tion that the government is losing in large sums annually by maintaining a part of the plaza. pri-} vately owned. as building sites. | o¥ —————— The energy and industry manifested by Mr. La Follette in placing hlll views before the public enable his friends to congratulate him with con- fidence not merely on @ convalescence but on a complete recovery. ——————— Coal and elcohol provide enough work to keep a Governor of Pennsyl- vania rather busy, independently of his natural responsibilities in connec- tion with a presidential campaign. No matter how many tax-reduction { plans are brought forward in Con- gress, Secretapy Mellon will at least | have to be given credit for being the | man who started the idea. i i The Three-Mile Travesty. Great Britain's demand for the re- lease from bail of the crew of the | schooner Tomoka, which was seized as a rum-runner last November be- yond the three-mile limit off New York, brings to point the status of that craft. It is claimed by the United States thet the Canadian registry of i the Tomoka, which makes her & Brit- ish vessel. is invalid, that the board of directors of the company owning her is composed of clerks working in a ship chandler's office in Nova Scotia, 2ud there is ground for believing that the real owner of the ship is an Amer. ican kpown to be engaged in the rum- running trade. In other words, the claim is that this ship, which was un- denfably engeged in rum-running, is American-owned under false registry. If that is the case Great Britain hes no jurisdictior or ground of complaint. But this Is a particular case, and does not reach the point of the right of the United States to protect itself from the smuggling of contraband. If the Tomoka is genuinely a British ship her seizure at present beyond the three-mile line may not be justi- fed, for the treaty which extends the limited seizure to approximately twelve miles has not yet been signed or ratified. For the proper protection of our coast the twelve-mile limit is obviously necessary, For there ars doubtless many ships of genuine for- eign registry now engaged in this - licit trade, and their seizure beyend the three-mile line is now unwar- ranted. g It is & travesty on law that so slight a factor as a few fathoms of distance from shore can permit & brazen de- flance of the statutes. These ships lie off -the ccasts of New Jereey just be- ‘the thyeemile lmit, jaden boats. They are visited openly by their patrons and agents. The fleet of the law-enforcement agengles cannot molest them. The small boats are swift and make frequent trips to the shore, malnly successful, with their little cargoes, which are highly valu- able.” At twelve miles from shore this farce could not be enacted. It is the strict letter of international law which it is now proposed to change in the interest of an enforcement of the American Constitution. ———— Another Radio Wonder. The marvels of the radio -increase as the mind of man seeks to uncover its possibiliti In New York yester- day a group of technicians in a tun- | nel ninety feet below the surface of the Hudson river tuned in on a con- cert broadcast from Pittsburgh. The ether waves carried into the tunnel, penetrating thirty feet of water, sixty feet of earth and several inches of steel, and the concert program was distinetly heard on the ear phone and loud speaker. The value of the successful experi- ment lies in the demonstration that in the future it will be possible to es- tablish a line of communication with men who are at work In calssons, tun- nols and mines, in case of disaster and | the breaking of telephone communica- } | tion. The officials who made yester- day's test explained that it will be feasible to equip such workers with small portable radlo sets, both trans- mitting and receiving. At present the telephone is the miner's only means of communication, and in most cases of disaster it is put out of commission at the first blast. 1t will be a priceless boon to humanity when the portable transmitters and recelvers are perfected and another hazard of the miner's life is removed. According to the Assoclated Press account of the test the technicians present differed as to how the radio registered with the tunnel. “Some be- lieved,” said the account, “the waves of energy penetrated the steel walls and the overlying ninety feet of mud and water. Others belleved that the energy waves rapidly circling the thirty-foot-diameter cast steel jacket which forms the tunnel made of it a sigantic multiwire coil, setting up a huge frequency current which induced a similar current inside the tunnel, and which, in turn, induced a reaction in the radio receiving apparatus.” ———— Clothing for the Fatherless. Appeals for relief of suffering peo- ples in Europe have become some- what of an old story to Americans. They have given generously of their funds for nearly ten years. Immense sums have been contributed and un- measured good has been done by means of these generous gifts. Now comes an appeal for the fatherless children of Greece. These little folks in great numbers, orphaned by the wars, are in dire need. The Greek government, burdened by the care of more than a million refugees, thrust upon it by the disastrous campaign in Asia Minor and the reverses suffered by the Greek armies, has difficulty in making provision for them. It can- not meet their requirements, so a plea is being made to the American people in their behalf. a plea that can- not be ignored. In particular just now the request for the fatherless children of Greece is for clothing, or the equivalent in money to buy it. The people of Wash- ington are especially asked to give garments. An agency has been organ- ized for the collection of such gifts and the forwarding of them to Greece. Those in charge of the work here at the Capital are well known for their benevolent enterprise. Washingto- | nians may be assured that every ar-| lar subscribed will go directly to the | relief of the pitiable condition of the | fatherless ones in the distant land. | While making the ocean safe for legitimate traffic the coast guard is expected to provide & few extra perils of the deep for rum-runners. —t——————— While many distinguished citizens are in peril the authorities have man- aged to make Germany safe for Berg- doll. ———— Mexican election returns count not only the ballots but also the survivors. —————— SHOOTING STARS. BY PHILANDER JOHNSON Progress, | | When Deacon Jones's sorrel mare Went down the avenue, It gave the folks an awful scare. The pace was something new. ‘When Jaber Jones, the deacon’s son, Upon a bike turned out, Both men and horses, on the run, In terror looked about. And should the deacon’s grandson make A motor ‘speed display, Man, horse and bicycle will take To cover in dismay. So it has been with every pow'r, As pecple live and learn. ‘The terror of each passing hour Is humbled in its turn. Inconsistent Cemsure. “Some people say your ideas are impractioal.”” “You can't please everybody,” an- swered Senator Sorghum. “Others are accusing me of being strictly & prac- tical politictan.” Jud Tunkins ssys he watched the old year out, thereby avoiding criti- cism for sitting up sbout as late as If you have lots, they’ll set the task Of telling how ‘twas made. Disposing of a Fortune. “If I had a fortune I would lay it at your feet.” “I am fond of pesris,” answered Miss Cayenne. “I should prefer you to hang it around my neck.” “You lases de benefit of religion,” ®mid Uncle Eben, “it whut you gets out of it 1s an srgument instead of i ~ H play { ticle of clothing given and every d“"in, be worth nearly as mucl irentenmark. C., JANUARY 6§, © 1924—PART 2. Need of Spiritual Development | Capital Sidelights For Upbuilding of World Cited o r THOMAS R. MARSHALL, Former Vice President of the United 8 . States. Theologians are quarreling again over the foundations of bellef. They are dividing themselves into funda- mentalists and those who are desirous of crossing scientific opinions upon theologic concept. One reading the discussions would imagine that the fabric of religion was about to be torn down, that religious thought was on the decline. To those of us who belleve that there is a necessity for religion, whether it be true or false, such a view is almost heart-breaking. Happily, most persons are not permit- ting themselves to become unduly excited over the controversy. A plague on both your houses is our retort to the warring groups, Articles of faith may not now ap- peal as strongly to men as they did in the past, and may never again ap- peal as strongly as they once did, but always tho effect of the faith that a man holds on his conduct in life and the power of his faith in molding his conduct will remain & magnet to at- tract men’s attéention. More and more since the close of the great war thoughtful men, whether they belong to the doubting olass or are intensely religious, are feeling that the spirit- ual side of life must be cultivated. and that the unseen must take Its| place in the management of the seen. | They are nearer unanimity than ever hefore that mere brute force cannot furnish justice to the world, and that the calm logio of the intellect docs not spell peace, locally or interna- tionally, either in business or in poli- tics. Whether we like it or not. we are about ready to admit that there {s spiritual side to man which must have its hearing in the world, or all the devices for man's betterment will tail * % % % The question of edudation, of course, has its place in the present discus- sion, although serious protest to the public school system. of America has never been raised. It remains the consensus of opinfon that it is thel duty of the state to furnish a lib-| eral education to its sons and daugh- ters in order to fit them for the in- telligent discharge of citizenship, and | the fact still exists that the pupils of our publia schools represent fam- illes entertaining every phase, as well as no phase, of religious thought Accordingly we have held that to at- tempt any sort of religious education in the public schools would breed evils of many sorts—evils far worse than a lack of religious training. * x k% 1t is apparent that the teaching of denominationalism in the publle hools of our country would break down the schools and render them inefficient Roman Catholic, for instance, would consent that Protes- tant theology should be taught to his; children. And worse confusion would arise among Protestants because of the variance in their views as to the fundamentals of religion, Our sys- tem of public education has prop- erly, therefore, completely tabooed all religious instruation. “The Bible is not read in the schools and au- thority to no higher power than the President of the United States is taught. But, all the while, there has been & body of citizens who believed in the necessity for religious train- Ben Franklin’s is I BY FREDERIC J. HASKIN. Necessity, says an old adage. is the mother of invention. The whole world has been informed in the years since. the armistice of the depthe of de- preciation to which the once proud mark, the monetary unit of the German people, has sunk. It has be- come of so little value that the lower denominations of the currency—such as mere hundreds and thousands— have been wrapped up into packages and used as blocks for children to with. One German mark used as the American quarter; now there is noth- ing so small or cheap that one mark could buy it. In the ordinary pur- chases of articles of necessity the prices must be quoted in hundreds, even thousands of marks. Such a situation could not last in- definitely, eapecially aince it has been Ketting progressively worse each month. The German people, faced with the necessity of doing some- thing 'to stabllise their currency, have invented a new medium, the rentenmark. It represents the latest experiment ‘{n national finance. A few weeks ago the German gov- ernment issued a decree establishing a new bank of issue, known as th Rentenbank. It has alreadv begun operations, but the plan still is re- garded as’'in the experimental stage. "The capital of the bank is 3,200,000,000 The rentenmark is the new unit. Tt has the value of 1/270 kilo of pure gold or at the rate of 2,700 rentenmark to one kilo of gold A kilo or kilogram weighs about 2.3 pounds. Capital from Compulsory Levies. The capital of the Rentenbank fs being raised by compulsory levies upon the real property of the German nation. To be recognized as having value and stability all paper cur- rency must have value back of it The reason that American paper cur- rency s stable is that the people know that gold is plled up In the Treasury to make it good. The trouble with the German mark was that the people learned that there was practically no gold reserve back of 1t. Therefors the first move In establishing this new curren was to put value back of it. No goild was available, %0 the government decree automatically placed a sort of mort- gage on practically all of the real tate and other setual property of the country, to the extent of ¢ per cent of its value. One-half of the capital is oon- tributed in this way by the holders of agricultural land, which has come to be ed as the most valuable of all securities in Germany. Hold- ers of city property have been ex- empted because, by government regu- lation, rents have been kept on very low basis. This has reduel the comparative value of the city property and, therefore. it was con- sidered unfair and unnecessary to include such holdings. Factories and such industrial prep- erties, whether in oity or country, however, contribute to the extent of 4 per cent of thelr value. The own of these properties turn ovi bonds which are mortgages upor their holdings to the rentenbank. These run {n years and pay € per cent in- teres Marks Issued Agninst Mortgages. ‘With these mortgages or liens on both the agricultuyal and industrial property of the country as a basis of valus, the rentenbank is fssuing rentenmarks. The holder of a ren- tenmark in the owner, to the extent of a very small fractional proportion, of the general mortgage on the phys- joal property of the whole country. .-the holder of & e ey : that Troasury. ‘Under the dicres, the -government is owner extent of the ::l.l v‘ln in the|The ing. They have patiently submitted ta‘onr wohool system and paid their taxes without complaint, yet 80 atrong have been their views as to the duty they owe to their children Wwith reference to religion that they have maintained at their own ex- pense parochial schools and not per- mitted their children to enter the state schools until the faith of their fathers had become rooted and grounded in them. * R ok ¥ With development of the idea that the spiritual must enter into the so- cial, political and economic life of this people, some sort of a compromise, fair and just to all, over the old-time theory’ that the state has nothing to do with the church and the church has nothing to do with the state, would seem desirable. I hurry to ex- plain, however. that I would not, of course, congent to any state religion nor to'the teaching of any denomina- tional doctrine In any school of the land. The measure of a man's Joyalty is not the religion that he professes, or his lack of religion, but it is in his obedience to the Constitution and laws of the United States. If the necessity of instilling some sort of religious sentiment into the minds of the young in order that they may become the right kind of = is correct, then might not some plan for the teaching of certain broad principles in the public schools of America be deviged? * % ¥ Whether we be Catholics or Protestants. surely there ars some things upon which we agree with reference to morals and religion. The Protestants who broke off from the Catholie Church did not repudiate everything that church stood for, and no good Catholic, while doubting the salvation of the Protestant. would dispute some things in the Protestant faith. Therefore, If this spiritual im- pulse which is manifesting itself in the lives and thoughts of 5o many people is not merely a momentary phase of conversation, but is to prove a permanent conviction, then why should not conservative men repre- senting all phases of religious thought come together, examine the sacred writings of all churches, select those passages from the Holy Bible which are approved by the common consent of ull, incorporate them into a printed Volume and present it for the ap- proval of church and state officlals with a view to its adoption for re: ing without comment in all the pub- 1ic schools. T There remains the question of mor- als which is allled with religion. It must not be forgotten that many of the basic documents of the republic and many utterances of the fathers call attention to the fact that re- liglon and morality are essential to the maintenance of free institutions. Morals and the principles of morality can be disassociated from religion. 8o surely theologians and statesmen could at least get together and pre- pare without religious bias a code of morals which would promote good citigenship_and therefore good gov- ernment. If we are to teach & child nothing about right we have no rea- son to complain when the child goes wronk. It iz not its fault; it is our neglect. A standard text book upon morals might with great propriety and infinite possibilities of good be introduced into our public school sys- tem, (Copyright, 1924, by Twenty-first Century Press.) Currency Plan Keystone of New German System is to receive the sum of 1,200.000,000 rentenmarks from the new bank in the form of a loan to help pay the expenses of the state. Of this sum, 800,000,000 rentenmarks bear no i terest. The decreo makes the new currency recelvable for all debts to the government, such as taxes, but the rentenmark has not been specif- ically declared a legal tender. Pre- sumably, if the experiment works successfully, it will he so declared. Hoped to Stabilize Business. The German government regards the rentenmark as an intermediate step toward absolute return to the gold standard and is creating a spe- cial commission to study the prob- lem further. It is hoped that ths existence of the remtenmark will stabilize German business while the new ourrency reform plan is being perfected. As an additional stabdil- ising measure, the reichsbank has been authorised to {ssue circulating notes gecured by any holdings of British unds, American dollars or gold which may happen to come Into its possession. As the dollars and pounds are on a gold standard basis they are regarded as safe security for_circulating notes. : The new rentenmark is an effort to lve the public confidence in the circu- ing medium. If they have confidence in the claims of the new establishment that the new paper money actually fis secured by the real propertx of the na- tion and if the notes sre accepted at face value Germany will have made a long stride back toward financial solid- ity. It will not be long before it will be known whether the experiment is work- ing. If the rentenmark onee starts to depreciate it probably will be difficult to stop it following the path of the old German mark. The it month or two will tell the story. Originated With Framklin. The new German currency is of es- pecial interest to Americans in view of the fact that it appears to have been modeled after a currency scheme in- vented by Beniamin Franklin. In the early daye of Pennsylvania history, be- fore the war of the American revolu- tien, the finances of the Pennsylvania ;:abrl-u.rv were in bad shape, and anklin, then & voung man, conceived the idea of basing an {ssue on the land values of the vince. Bills of eredit were issued to farmers and others who pald 6 per cent interest to the government for the use of the credit. The interest collected built a new statehouse ‘for Pennsylvania and assisted in other government financing. &lfldl‘bflflgl 'e.r’.:ll ,l;;’lol Ilncrs-al&d perity of Pennsylvania consid- as they stimulated trade. rentenmark does not duplicate the Franklin bills of credit because no interest is paid for their use and be- cause of other general differences, but there is a NH::I\I ntal similarity in that both the issues use land values and real property as a basis of their se- ourity. Danger in Situation. One threat throws somewhat of a shadow over the new currency; that is the threat of the operation of Gresham's law. This is & law of currency which holds that where two qualities of money are in circulstion, a superior and an in- the inferior mo wil N the superior mu“’nu': A R BY WILL P. KENNEDY Birthday greetings to Senator ‘Woodbridge N. Ferris of Michigan, who was born in Spencer, N. Y., seventy-one years ago, and to Sena- tor Duncan U. Fletcher of Florida, who was born in Sumter county, Ga., sixty-five years ago. * * % x “Lest we forget——" Danlel Web- |ster made his memorable speech in the United States Senate in reply to Hayne of South Carolina ninety-four years ago today. Two years ago the United States House of Representatives appropri- ated $9,200,000 for “dry” enforcement, and today there are a number of resolutions pending because of rum scandals in the National Capital. One year ago the Senate voted for the immediate withdrawal of Ameri- can troops on the Rhine. *x x * With the New Year public officials and members of Congress pause in their political gyrations to commune within themselves, as to humbler citizens, as to what life brings, whence they came, whither they are bound, and what has been accom- plished in their day. What the last twenty-eight years have meant in the life of the nation is vividly summarized by Frank W. Mondell of the War Finance Cor- poration, who for four years before that was floor leader of the national House of Representatives, covering his own term of public service. There are in Congress today seven men whose lives in Congress cover the mame span of years—Senators Henry Cabot Lodge of Massachusstts and Francis E. Warren of Wyoming, Bpeaker Frederick H. Gillett of Mas. sachusetts, Representative Henry Al- len Cooper of Wisconsin, Representa- tive Thomas S. Butler of Pennsy vania, Representative Willlam S, Greene of Massachusetts and Repre- sentative Isaac R. Sherwood of Ohio. Looking back over these twenty- elght years, Mr. Mondell says: “Twenty-eight years is a brief pe- riod in the tides of time, but it is a long span in the life of a man and & very considerable one in that of a nation when important history is in the making. The perfod of my serv- ice covers all or a part of the admin- istrations of seven Presidents— Cleveland. McKinley, Roosevelt, Taft, on, Harding and Coolidge, and of five Speakers—Reed, Henderson, Cannon, Clark and Gillett, and wit- nessed all the stirring and important legislative battles and accomplish- ments which this list of illustrious names calls to mind. “During this tfme ‘we fought two foreign wars, extended our bound- aries and our jurisdiction from the continent of America to the jslands of the eastern and western seas, planted our flag in the farthermost orient and united the two great oceans at Panama. “Speaking now from the viewpoint of the balance of the world, the re- public in this period passed from the condition of an isolated and compara- tively unimportant western nation to & position of acknowledged world su- premacy 'in power and moral influ- ence. Measuring our activitles by expenditures, we progressed from an annual outlay of ‘a half a billlon dollars to the expenditure during the world war of $33,000,000.000 in a twelve months, and to the present budget of near $4,000,000,000.” *x % % Again we bave the spectacle of an old-time politiclan trylng to see whether he can “come back.” Veterans of Congress, including William Tyler Page, the clerk of the House, recall “Collars and Cuffs Representative Delemere Haines, who served one term in Congress, March 4, 1893, to March 3, 1895, and who is now a candidate for Governor of Florida Senate Leader Lodge and Speaker Gillett have completed thirty years each in their respective branches of Congress. When Lodge first went to the Senate and Gillett came to the House, Haines came in at the same time. Representative Henry Allen Cooper of Wisconsin and “Uncle Joe™" Cannon are the only two others still prominent who served with Hafnes, who is now sixty-seven vears old. He acquired his sobriquet of “Col- lars and Cuffs” because of his interest in tariff discussion and the product that made his district famous. In his youth Haines studied tele raphy and became a train dispatch assistant superintendent and super- intendent of a railroad. At twenty- six he turned his attention to build- ing street railwave, and assoclated with him his four brothers. They built thirty-six railroads in thirteen states. Mr. Haines located at Kinder- hook, N. ¥, in 1888 and bullt the Kinderhool and Hudson raflway. * x % % In searching out historic scenes about the Capital city many tourists, and particularly the woman voters, frequent Gen. Grant's old headquar- ters, where President Lincoln often conferred with him, and which are now the headquarters of the National League of Woman Voters. 014 histories record that when Gen. Grant came to Washington there were no suitable offices in the old War Department and so he estab- lished himself in a house across the street, and that the lanky form of Lincoln was frequently seen walk- ing scross Pennsylvania avenue from the White House to “talk things over” with Gen. Grant. It was from this house that Grant went to the White House in 1869, It was also the cradle of the Am fcan Red Cross, for from 1892 to 1897 it was the home of Clara Barton Later it was used by the depot qua termaster. In the reception room Maj. Archie Butt, military aide to Presidents Roosevelt and Taft, wWho was one of the heroes of the Titanic disaster, had his desk for some time. ‘This house will be 100 vears old next year. It was built by Gen. Tow- son of the war of 1812, who died there in 1834. * ok k% Recent rivalry as to who is the “baby” member of Congress has caused some of the bookishly inclined to hunt up records revealing that, although William Pitt was premier of England at twenty-four, and al- though Charles James Fox was ac- knowledged to be the greatest de- bater in parltament at about the ame age, having got in when he was nineteen, there once was a young man electeq to the Congress of the United Statds when he was twenty- four years old and too young to serve under the Constitution. This young fellow was John Young Brown of Kentueky, who could not take his seat until the second session of the Thirty-sixth Congress, who later served in two other Congresses and was governor of his state. John Randolph of Roanoke, on ac- eount of his youthful appearance, was challenged by the clerk of the House, who asked how old he was. Ran- dolph_replied that he had better “go ask the people who elected me.” Henry Clay is the only man in history who served in the Senate be- fore he was thirty years old. “But he knew enough to keep his mouth shut about his age and no one else thought of it," the late Champ Clark commented. Clay was later Secre- Andrew Jackson In dency—by 1832 and James K. Polk in 1844 lon the — MEN AND AFFAIRS BY ROBERT T. SMALL Poor' Will Hays! Washington, which has known him so well; Wash- ington whose stolld pulse has never failed to flutter at some new achieve- ment of this boy Napoleon from Sul- livan, Ind., feels deeply for Will in his new hour of trial. That he will come through it all right, no one Who knows the eternal spring of op- timism which bubbles from his radi- ant soul can ever doubt It seems a long time since Will Hays was in the cabinet, since he sat in the tower-like building of the Post Office Department ‘on Penns) vania avenue and emitted daily ma- chire gun statements of al vas being accomplished. AL WA Vil swrted in to by motale Uf the post ‘oee empios e The country was kept posted dai uplift, and so great was the admiration of the country that the moving picture magnates came along and offered Mr. Hayes the job of fm: proving not the morale but the morals of the movies, It seemed pleasing prospect at the time. The salary was a whale and the title was to be that of “czar.” Napoleon had been only an emperor. Will'was 0 be a czar! It was a - portunity. Eouiy But Will recked not of Holly- wood. 1t seems that Hollywood was just about ready to erupt when Will took the helm. Maybe the movie magnates knew this and wanted a czar to bear the brunt of it all. In any event, Hollywood blew off with a loud bang. Several times Will has been there to fix things up, and al- Way# every one promised to be good, oh, s0 good in the future. Yet Wi can hardly set foot on Broadwa until the patter of bullets comes fly. ing over the greamopen spaces from cut there where men are men and women are women and chauffours are shooters, and evervthing seems to zo wrong. "Once more Will is winging Els way to the bad lands, and this time he aays he is going to clamp the 1id down and rivet it on for good. Before long the czar will be dwell- ing once more on the beauties of life in"the movie colony, the chaste at- mosphere of the entire place. the re- finements of language, the elegance of manners, the delicacies of feeling and above all the great true throb- bing love which pervades all and makes all things pure and sweet and wholesome. The occasional pop of the pistol must be lgnored. Mabel Normand xayx these pops always remind her of firecrackers. Let it go at that. All this talk of rum and “hop” must be cast aside. The public must not intrude upon the idyl of life in Holly- wood. Always the producers have tended "that Hollywood should screened for the public and likewise be screened from the public. It was said it would not do to let the pub- lic know teo much about how the pictures were made. 1t might spoil some of the illusion and romance. But the bullets of the would-be slayers have torn the screen aside and all of Will Hays' horses and all of Will Havs' men will have a terrible time putting it together again. con- be Heard and Seen Do know how to ride on a street car? That may sound like a useless ques- tion, yet hundreds of persons each day show plainly that they do not know any of the fine points of street car riding To them the fine art of riding on or in the street cars is a lost art: indeed. if ever they knew anything about it at all. * But. like almost everything else in the world, street car riding may improved by using one’s head for all it is worth. you Despite the tremendous increase in | the number of automobiles, the street cars_continue to be packed with hu manity. Nor are they all there be- cause they cannot afford an mobile. ‘When it comes to safety the street car can be commended. On several other points it scores high. There- fore. some pointers on how to get the auto- most out of a street car ought to] help. Perhaps some one will get up a “course” and sell it at a fancy price. Let us consider first the fine point of keeping feet from being trodden on while sitting on the | seat just by the door. one's 1f you sit there with your feet out n the aisle—as scores do every duy— the rest of vour fellow passengers deliberately step on them. And you deserve it. But even if vou carefully tuck them underneath you some careful person Is sure to unintentionally step upon that right big toe. But is there no hope There is. The wary rider has learned how to prevent his feet from being stepped on under all circum- stan Herd Is the formula: As the throng surges forward, you facing out, deliberately, calmly, care- fully and methodically raise both feet into the air, so that the heels of both | feet are drawn backward and a triffe u “Then carefully elevate the toes, to get them out of the way as much as possible. After awhile this system becomes mechanical, so_that as the ecrowd starts to get off your feet leave the floor. A fellow passenger has to step pretty high, indeed. to hit vour toes when you are using this method. * * % Here is the way to prevent ihe big | fat lady from sitting all over vou as she lets herself down into the seat next to yours. This is an absurdly simple method, vet it never falls. Like all true in- ventlons, its very simplicity makes it great. You are sitting on the side front seat again. There are three on the seat already, but there is room for four, you know. The fat lady knows, too. She turns her back to the seat. You see her descend. Now unless you know this trick as like as not she will descend all over you. But not if you do this: As she comes down merely hold the fist at about your belt buckle and deftly elevate the elbow sideways. This allows the lady to slide down your elbaw into the seat, at the same time forcing her to the limit of the .?nco on the other side, leaving you plenty of space. This is a good trick and can be worked with either elbow or both at once. * * % Never try to walk in a street car when it is rounding a curve. Hundreds of men and women try this every day, and fall all over the aisie and their fellow passengers. It is difficult even for conductors, so why try it, Yet women invariably get up and start forward just as the car starts to_go around a curve. Move forward! . 1f passengers would only do this street car riding would be put on a new plane. % But they won't. What shall one do to the obdurate woman who refuses to. “move for- ward, please’” and then glares bale- tully around at you if you dare touch her elbow timidly? Hit her in the head with an ax. That {s about the only thing that 1 her. will mens Rat s % TRACEWELL. slayers and the | Col. Matt Winy, vice president and general manager of the Kentucky Jockey Club, is wintering in the east Col. Winn is the man who brought iZev and My Own and In Memorfam together at Latonia Jast fall and top ped off that achievement with match race between Zev and In Me moriam at Churchill Downs. He is resting on his laurels as a turfman. but his friends also know him as great raconteur and spinner of var Just now he is telling with gres i Breal effect the story of the old colored deacon down in Kentucky who came into town one day and sought out the | prohibition director. 1 ."1 hears,” mays the deacon, “tha' lour congregation is entitled to soms |of dat sacriligious liguor.” | “You mean sacramental suppose?” corrected | man, _ “Yes, sah. T reckow that's what i+ {3, but whatever it is we would like 10 get our po'tion.” “Well, just how much and wha | ort of Wwine do you think you shouid hav I “Dat's just it, Mr. Prohibitioner You sec our congregation done met on this subjeck and decided that if we could glt some of de sacriligious licker, we was all unanimous i | fabor ob gin. | i wine, the prohibi * * The celebration of Antonio Scotti s :Ml\n\r anniversary with the Metto volitan Opera Company in New Yori |this week is said to have been with- iout precedent in musical annals. singer ever has remained with o company for a quarter of a centur and as vet there is no sign that iScotti, at fifty-seven. is losing one |bit of his fire as an actor or of the golden quality of his voice. His as sociates at the opera, partly in ex- travagance and partly in earnest, de- clared that the world might easil. look forward to fifty years of service from the noted singer. Scott! is one of the most beloved personalities of the opera this coun try has ever known. It has fallen to his lot ordinarily to play the role of the villain. Tt is one of the cons of opera through all the ages that the haritone shall be the villain Always the tenor is the hero. one would ever believe there could be anything of the real villain in & man singing tenor. but let the bari tone or the basso come on the stag- and trouble begins. Perhaps that the origin of what we call the “ba villain Tt probably should be bass villain. Sgotti, however, never has sufferc in public esteem ‘from his villainous ways. Otto Kahn has said of him that he has set more feminine hearts a-flutter than any tenor who eve: strutted the stage. The sopranos al adore him. Jeritza, the latest Florix to his Scarpia in “Tosca,” says she is black and blue after ever: per- formance. Scotti and Farrar also used 0 have some grand rough-and-tun |ble fights until Farrar would alwa) « end his Scarpian life with a carvir knife: then lovingly place ndl 4t head and fool to rest his strent ous soul ‘Fifty Years Ago In The Star Though not in the degree of todu Washington fifty years ago was d¢ veloping into au: Private Schools educational cen ter, as shown 1 in the District. the followins printed in The Star of December 30 187 tatistics of institutions for | struction outside of public schools | the District of Columbia, collected 1 the bureau of education during the present month. show that there has been an increase in the aggregate at tendance of those institutions, not- withstanding the heavy increase in the attendance of the public schools during the year. The number of pri vate schools, academies, ete. not. however, including colleges and uni- versities in Washington, is 116, wi an aggregate attendance of 8,020 showing an increase of about fiftecr schools over last vear and an ir creased attendance of about 5300. these schools, twenty. with an at tendance of 2.863, are conducted w |der Roman Catholic auspices; there ighteen colored night schools, « '‘ge increase over last yvear, with a aggregate attendance of 399, and fou colored day schools with an attend ance of 109. There are in the city of Washington twenty-three institu- | tions for secondary instruction, suci {as seminarles, academies, etc., witi a total attendance of 1,142 It is DProper to explain that probably & mu- jority of the pupils attending sec ondary institutions study only the primary or common English branches ‘There _are twenty-one private schools, including six seconda Georgetown, with an aggregate at tendance of 894. There are three col ored night schools with & tot tendance of 24, one colored day with 47 pupils and four Roman olic schools with an aggregate a tendance of 47. i, “There are twenty-five institutions |in the District of a charitable or re formatory character with 2,487 in mates. Combining the aggregate a tendance of Washington and George town private schools we have 1 round numbers 7,000. Add to this the number of inmates of charitable and reformatory institutions who re ceive instruction, and the total num ber of students attending colleges universities, business colleges, etc and an aggregate of over 9,000 puptis under instruction outside of public schools is obtained. “The fact that notwithstanding th increased attendance of the public schools during the year the attend- ance of private schools has also | creased during the same period, c be accounted for only on the Suppo sition that our population is rapidl increasing and that our educationa! facilities are expanding with our growth * .x much is heard nowadays of explosions, partly because of the rarity of lamp il hcoal_oil" lumination, but also because of the better Dangers. ;rage or kerosene in |use. But fitty vears ago oll lamps were the prevailing means of domes- tic mnd business lighting. The fol- lowing In The Star of January 1874, bears on the point of the re sultant danger “The frequency of coal oil accidents has induced the underwriters, repre senting the presidents and agents of iVarlous fire insurance compunies lo- {cated in Bajtimore. to hold a meeting in that city to consider the expedi: ency of obtaining municipal 1 tion against the storage and explosive illuminating fluids within the corporate limits of the city, A1 this meeting a_letter was read from Fire Inspector Holloway, in which he- stated that in @ report which he made in 1869 it was set forth that out. of sixty-nine samples of oil collected from various purts of the city only eight stood the tests for purity ana non-liability to explosion, and that | since that time the sale of adultér- 'atea ofls has increased tenfold and xucrldenu frowyn their use have in- Creased 500 per cent. ‘The meeting appointed & commitiee o obtain leg. islation on the subject. The presi- dent of the meeting said he would rather a house full of gunpowder than a house containing illuminating ofl for in the first, no person would enter, bet in the: latter, people wera presumptuous and handied fire reck- esaly.’ Not | 1amp