Evening Star Newspaper, August 26, 1923, Page 39

FARMERS WILL HAVE BILLION DOLLARS MORE| Agriculture, As a Greater Buying Power, Says Julius H HY American farmers ure go ing to have a billion dollars more than the year that. This 1s the reply of Julius .H. Barnes, president of the Chamber of Commerce of the United States, to the general wail about the severc losses of ‘the wheat-ralsers and the farmers genérally. Tt comes as u challenge to Secre- tury Wallace of the United States De- partment of Agriculture, who the other duy complained that thousands of “American farmers will go bank-| betore y Whole, to Have; . Barnes. re entirely or even to & major degree dependent upon their wheat returns, Tusiie of “Dollar Wheat” | Mr. Barnes takes up the issue of | “dollar wheat,” and as far as the con- |suming public is concerned may be | taken as one speaking with authorlty | because he represents the business imind.of the countr; and because no \man in the world knows more about ; wheat than he does. Ife has mxd.‘ ithe growing and marketing of wheat | a life study. e wus head of the i Grain Corporation during the war. He rupt with wheat selling at consider- {is today the werld's largest dealer in | #bly less than the cost of production, while thousands of others will be able to hold on &rinding cconomy. Secretary Walla, Secretary Wallace says the “press- Ing question is what cun be doue to help the' wheat-growers get iore nearly the cost of production,” but ' View, ihat the ruinously low priee of wheat | Is not & new a he disease itself is relatfonship between the distorted prices of farm products and prices of other commod- | LV €N Ile cites that wages in indus- | tles and on the rallroads twice as high as before are about _twice Lretght rates are 50 to 7 higher. Metals, butlding arc the about Year, ver cent matertals | of ull Xinds aré 50 to. 100 per cent| -« of these | above pre-var prices, All re items in the tarmers' costs of | vro@uetion, Secretary Wallace polnts | he vut. “Untll a fair relationship i3 re- stored between agriculture wnd in- | tlustry and commerce agriculture will |} 70m this aspect it is quite probable Le upset and will have reason to com- vlitn,” Because the furmcr's situation reflects buck zcturer, who Will slow up on pro- ductfon when he fears the farmer 3l not e able to buy, and on busi- ness generally, Mr. Barnes comes for- Yard with this niessuge 1o the busi- tess men of the country that. the | farmers wlll have about u billion | dollars more to spend this year than | € cr before. ! purported | on the manu- Axgregate Farm Receipta. i “Treating agriculture =3 a whole.” | Re says. “it is probable the furms of | Amerlca. on the crops now fn sight and on the furm prices now ruling, Vil seeure agsregate gross recelpts exceeding last year's by upward of # Dilllon dollars of inerease. and be- rTond the aggregate gross rk'-) celpts of the vear lefore that by something upward of two billion dollars, 5 i “Thesc are uggre farm receipts, which fudicate, t 1g agriculture 25 a whole, an enlurged buyiug and 4pending power; and they must be ) reckoned with. thit one Way not bel nilsled by the undounted distress of certaln sectlons of our farm Industry.” | The urgument that while vheut has | Joug been a sentimentul index in) agriculture, just as we were wont to say s Maine goes xo goes the | Tnfon” in politics, this weather-vane lius been changed, 1s supported by Mr. | Harnes. The outstanding facts are oday wheat represemts only about 6 per cent of the total vatue ! of farm products and that the farm- | ers of the country have been protect- | ing themselves by . diversification nl'] crops, until today very few of ther arm te How Once Proud Ships of U. S. Were Forced From Seven Seas of war buflt, thus admitting those early days that Ameri Lullders were superior to IZngland, and that meant they superfor to those of any country. We dld not then have a m rine, for the oppressive nuvigation laws of | the mother country prevented the® development of w colonfal marine. When we entcred upon the war for indepenidence there was not a vessel | on the ocean flying an American flug. | except a few fishing vessels, but be- | ore that war endcd all the world; was forced to wdmit that Amerlean scamen were the equal In courage and far superfvf in seamanszhip to most. those were Enter on Career at Se When our indcpendence was won, | aud peace came, and we entered upon our career as a nation, merchant ships | fying the new flag soon began to| 1ake thelr appearance in the ports of | ijurope, Asla and South Amerlca Amerlean surplus products - were | wrrled abroad in American l)fllllrmy.} :ud those American bottoms returned | vith full cargoes of what other| countries produced. American ships | ~ere superor in £pecd, and weather- | #1 the ocean storma better than those of any other country, and thelr! crews were superior in intelligence | o those curried by vessels of other cuuntries, even than those of Holland, | thus [nsuring the safety of their ves. | sels ‘and the cargoes they carried. | Liven after the Introduction of steam | &3 a motive power the famous Ameri- can salling clipper ships not only out- saled all other ships afloat, but ac- tually beat In speed the Cunard| steamers of England. “The introduction of steam as a mo- tive power on ‘the occan did not ut once work the great revolution in navigation its arden: advocates cx- nected. For some years the American | lipper ships held the supremacy in | speed over the stewm-driven vesseis. | The Unlted States and Great Britaln | began to vie with each other in build- | ing a steam merchant navy, and as one improvement uficr another was adopted salllng vessels began to fall behind In speed and to gradually lose out in the carrying trade. The new steam vessels of American bulld more than held thelr own in speed with those of England, and the Amerlcan flug was still seen in all seas. When the clipper ships continued to out- speed the British stcamers our gov- srnment began to use them exclusive- for the dispatch of foreign malls. Carrying the malls In those days meant much, very much, to ocean- soing vessels. The remuneration was Zenerous, and the reputation of being selected for mail eervice was sure to add to the passenger and freight list. The rule of compensation at that time was to give to vessels flylng the American flag both the land and the Sca postage, and to others only the sea postage. The postal rate between the United States and England was 24 cents for each half ounce of first- Class matter, and as the correspond- ence between the two countries was large the compensation for carrying the malls was o desirable asset to the ship owners. British Are Angered. he continuance of our government ; to favor ships of Amerlcan reglster +ugered the British authoritles, and they made a demand on our postal service to use British vessels in the future for mail service. No ‘attention was paid to this demand, but as the new Collins line of American steam- rs was now ready we sent the mails that line Instead of the salling citppers. The first of the new line to reach Liverpool was the New York, ~nd when it unloaded its large cargo «f mall the anger of the British posta; | cutheritles burst over all bounds, e icultural disease— | river, high. | Paltry six. eight or ten bushels to the | he says. I sourl and Tllinois {dunt prosperity to him, it 1 Against Price-Fiving. | price-fixing | raising territory. L avre. ! thiough the abnegation of the estab- | miral Helm. being one of them. | permitted | American {wheat. “Dollar wheat” in new symbol- | {ism of farm discouragement has been ; | prosperity in this country, Mr. Barnes {points out, and generalizations eo {broad as to be misleading have been [drawn based on the very clear dis- jtress of a part of the wheat-growing {area. E | _“It must be borne in mind,” he says, i “that dollar wheat docs not epeak the i same language of farm returns to the | great areas east of the Misstasippi | where crop rotation, diversifica- i tlon, favorable soil and climatic con- ! {aitlons produce state averages of | ive and thirty bushels to the , cre, us does the same dollar wheat | to the farmer of the scmi-arld west, | where heat and drought return . a {acre. Coxt of Production. '‘Cost of production’ “cannot be pplied in terms of bushel output.” explains, “but must be based rather on acreage earnings of farms. that the farmer, this year, of Mis- of New York and Penneylvania and Maryland, and the great ures stretching between the Mississlppi river and the Atluntle seaboard has secured’ such stability of crop vields that, while ‘dollar wheat' certainly does not spell abun- n would, up- parentfly at léast, mot mcan out-of- | the-pociiet expense. To the furmer | in that urea dollar wheat wmeans | marking time until the day when al stimulated domestic consumption and { the restoration of a &tabilized Jor- clgn demand as well, would again represent to him an cpportunity tor substantial . earnings on grain pro- ductlon, such as isited him during the era of pre-war price Mr. Barnes warns that “legislative cannot be effective by 3,000 miles of wheat- with yields which | range from flve to fifty bushels per War stabilization was pa law across sibie | lished agencies of grain handling | and milling and by their voluntary | co-operation, und by the execution of | 000 individus contracts enlls ing the very processes of business as | war effort. and to their own preju- [ dice. This actlon of the affected trudes could mot be sccured without | the war motive of sacrifice. He belleves that after all means for home ald are exhausted it wi remain true, as repeatedly declared | by Amerfcan business convictlon, that ! the day of full opportunity for the | Amerlcan farm will come most quick- 1y with the restoration of normal conditions and normal buying pow in the great markets of Europe. | 1 i ¢ i | | 1 postmaster general of Great Britain issued an ¢rder adding an additional 24 cents on every letter brought to an English port from Americ in other than British vessels. We had for Postmaster General at that time 2 spunky southerper, \Wwho < all Amerlcan. 1le was @ netgh- 2d political disctple of Ol 174 Cave Johnson was his name. Ho umped the British card lssulng an order that the Dostage on all mails from England carried | any but American bottoms should be 48 cents per half ounce, and Intimat 50 that he knew It would reath the | cars of the Britfsh minister to this country that If England felt disposed | to play any tricks with the United States he would Issue an order that no mail except such ae ight be brought in Amefican vessels would be to land at any American port. This brought Great Britaln to terms, and the obnoxious order for increased postage was withdrawn. England bided her time, and saw the merchant marine rapidly forging to the front. Her time came t last. A new Américan Postmaster | General was In_charge of our postal aftalrs. “One day a communication | from the British government was submitted for the consideration of the ~Amerlean President and his ablnet. The support of this com- munication was that Great Britain felt there ought to be a new postal nvention hetween the two countries, nd an invitation was extended for | jus to send a delegate to London to | assist in forming such new conven- | 4lon. When the new negotlations met the great increase in correspohd- ence between the two countries and subsequent great increase in business were cited. Great Britain thought this increase in commerce ought to | be encouraged by the two govern- | ments. One way to encourage this| buslness, it was suggested, was to cut postal rates, a reduction to five cents | ver half ounce being suggested. I Rate Cut Dixastreus. When this payment for great reduction in the carrying the mails was lannounced, 'for still the only com- pensation to shipowners was to the postage, both American British - shipowners sent be ! and ! up @ howl | “Hush,” said the British officials to | the shipowners of that country, "h-] still, saw wood, and see what fs to.! come. The government will grant you | a subsidy that will more than com- pensate you for the loss in postage.”,i The subsidy was granted, and Brit- : ish shipping flourished. America didn’t do that, but revolted | at the idea of “subsidizing prl\'atel enterprise.” American shipowners | soon found they .could not success- ! fully compete with the British sub. sidized vessels, and the American merchant marine started on the road to its grave. The lapse of only a few years saw the American flag on merchant ves- sels disappear almost wholly from the seaw. American merchants and American producers were thus forced to pay tribute to forelgn ships in the | way of freight rates. The Amerk‘an! cotton planter pald frelght to British | ships for carrying raw cotton to| Liverpool and Manchester. and then pald those same ships freight rates o bring back to them the manufac tured product of their cottons. Our | importations all came in forelgn bot- | toms, and forelgn bottoms carried away our surplus products, the freight ¢harges going to enrich other couns 5. Every once in awhile spasmodic at- tempts would be made in this country to revive interest in our merchant marine, but no way eould be. suggest- cd except to.follow. the example of Great Britain and grant subsidies, but | at that werd the American pacpl f T soValt i things | immedtately after assuming her posi- THE . SUNDAY tuar s 3 STAR, WASHINGTON, 1. C., AUGUST 26, v 1923—PART .2 Secial-Seéretary Is. Vital Factor m® BY¥ SALLIE V. H. PICKETT: .00 HY u White House sachil sceretary ? . 4 When Mrs. Theodore Roosevelt, a young and vig- orous woman with a family of growing children, came to the capital as mistress | of the White House She almost Imme- | Glately realiged that the soclal end of affairs there had. quite outgrown the | physical possibilities of a Président’s | wife, and thut even the assistance lent by the Department of State and .the| xecutive offices of the President were | Inadequate t¢ meet the engulf-| ing demand. A huge pouch of mail awaited her each day and an accumu- latfon of visiting cards large enough to appall the public printer himself. There werc all manner of notes from women in official life asking appoint- ments to mcet her and present thelr husbands' constftuents, which demand- only by the most|pictured as the clored door of farm |ed immedlate reply, and then there were the further niceties of her posi- tion in reterence to diplomats and visitors from the old world. Demands of Position. Just as President Rogsevelt realiz- €d that the country had grown in stze and. dignity since the duys when clothes were dried in the east room, and that a fitter environment for the President of tire United States v needed, S0 Mrs. Roosevelt realized the necessity of a more complete so- cial plun to satisfy the demands of | her position as the nation’s hostess, | |50 the White 1louse was restored and | a soctal secretary taken on. i It wa# just here that the first social | secretary to the wife of a President | was chosen. and the, now, more im- | portant office came into exlistence, | iller chofce of a womun was her for- nier Sunday school pupil in St. John's Church, Miss lsabel Hagner, now Mrs. Norman James of Baltimore, Who was conversant with soclal eti- quette in the Capital, . There was the usual criticlsm against the move, setded down to & working Sinee then the duties of a White House social secretary huve steaally grown untl Mrs. larding, realizing the necessity of dignifying her position while keeping in touch with the whole soclal world, estab- Hshed wddition s for the work within the White House, took Mr. Willlam 1%, Rockwell from the Kx- ucive office, selected Mr. R, W. Me Gee ay hie assistant, and set up a regular social bureau on theaground floor of the President’s residence. Selects Miss Harlam. There followed Miss Hagner in the new position several other women more or less uccustomed to the work of u social secretary, Miss Idith Ben- ham. the daughter of the late Rear Admiral A. F. K, Benham, now Mrs. James M. Helin, wife of Rear Ad- Miss Laura Iarlan, daughter of the late Assoctate Justice John M. Harlan of the Swpreme Court, succecded to the position, Mrs. Harding selecting her from « long list of applicants almost volley of and_then | Cotret Tt was a who sald, and he | exemplified world. reception. state won out. i other gave the much precedence, tlon as tirst 1ady of the land. The position of the octal Secretary might at first thought appear a superfictal one, a mere in- cidental frill to quell the small bick- erings of soclally jealous women. This is not so, nor do women State, raise the | may have required the scrvices of the BY HENRY W. BUNN., HE followlug is a brief summary the most important news of the world for the seven days ended August 25. of United States of Ameriea.-The representa- tives of the anthracite coal miners and opera- tors met agaln at Atlantle City on August 21, and after a fow minutes of negotiation ad- journed once more, with nothing accomplished toward a settlement. The miners' demand for an increase! in wages of 20 per cent for con- tract men &nd $2 per day for day men wWas refected by the operators. ‘The operitors’ proposal of renewal of the present, wage agreement to April 1, 1925, was rejected by the miners. The operators’ pro- posal that all the eleven demands of the miners Dbe submitted to arbitration, pending the award of swhich production would continue, was re- jected by the miners. Adjournment followed. President Coolidge has asked Gov. Pinchot of ‘Pennsylvania to make an effort to effect an adjustment. Tt is said that the President and Mr. Hammond, head of the Coal Commis- sion, are optimistic that a strike can be averted. Meantime plans are being made by federal and other authorities looking to ample provislon of fuels in substitution for anthra clte after September 1, should the strike take place—low volatile bituminous, fuel ofl, coke, ete., and for education of the consumer In the use of such substitutes, The remarkable series of transcontinental flight tests conducted by the air mail service during the past week will be noticed fn my next summary. Some of the more picturesque and noble aspects of our civilization have ‘been much in evidence of late in Texas, Georgia, Okla- homa and Ohlo. It is a little difficult to make out who is flogging or kidnaping whom, but there seems to be a deal of that sort of thing golng on. The Department of Commerce announces : July trade balance in our favor of $26,000,000, previous balances since February having been adverse. For the seven. months ended with July the balance against us was approximately $116,000,000. For the seven months ended with July, 1922, ‘there was a balance In our favor of approximately $451,000,000. 5 Miss Helen Wills of Berkeley, Calif, aged seventeen, won the women's lawn tennis cham- pionship of the United States on August 15 by beating Mrs. Mallory. The women's doubles champlonship was- won by Miss Kathleen Mc- Kane and Mrs. B. C. Covell of England. ‘The loss to southern cotton planters this year from the ravages of the boll weevil is estimated at- $750,000,000. New Rochelle, N. Y., has been made safe for Mrs. Grundy and the shade of Anthony Com- * k¥ % Canadian - authorities are greatly perturbed because of the considerable steady flow of emigration from Canada to the states.. According to a Canadlan correspond- ent, “Ontario has made Buffalo, Detroit and other American border citles more Canadian than. native-born American. in population. It is estimated that in New York city alone there are 300,000 Canadians” In time of peace the international god Plutus is apf to entice away the votaries of the national deities. Canada has had no such industrial revival as wa have been enjoying; wherefore, emigfa- tion, especlally of skilled artisans, least to be spared of all elements of the population. % % ok K 2 Cuba,—One Col. Tarafa introduced.a bill in the Cuban legislaturé which proposed certdin railway changes by consolidation or otherwise and abolition of the use for sugar exportation of certain ports to which private railroads had beén Hullt from sugar plantations owned most- 1y by Americans. These Americans raised a howl, fi“edtlnt that the effect.of such legisla- tion would be equivalent to confiscation, and in- voking the Platt amendment, which authorizes intervention by our government in such case. On the other hand, rallroad sharos in that ro- mantic island are largelv owned by Americans, to regulate. vise and knowing person “You financially and trick bim politically, forgive _yau. him the cold shoulder socially and he will fight you to a finish.”” T of the saying has many will It w than the late Chief Just | Fuller who turned to leave the White House at the one because his proper position of precedence was not uccorded him. and arrangements event were so moditicd the ranking guest of honor. was not compelled to play tmportant narily outranked him. Dinner to Speaker. A similar enfall episode tributed to a Speaker of the the grouch continuing through eral years when an act of Congress position coveted permanent and dinner was added to the White House annual functions. Ambassadors White House|have juggled over the soctal ques- tion and it has Congress, or perhaps the S to smettle the wife enjoys In unquestioned manner the rank. of her husband, womankind ] haggle a bit over the subject | soctal disturbances which in the past|at pink teas and after dinner parties, but she leaves the main issue to her MISS LAURA HARLAN Secretary of State or even an act of‘.«nouse Women have undertaken to | settle the question of precedence in the calling code, but with the result fliy drawing rooms and a frigid general, it is necessary to huve in the White House, truth | & social buffer. as it were. of | “ociul atmosxphere in That is why a kocial secretary may cheat a man but give | times been | essary ‘for one in Waghingzon's soclal | no less a_personag: Melville W, | that they may a her rightful plac be a soctal opening of a judicial prompter. of the ceremonies of e for the e, as | ment pays. that nd fiddle to sts who ord Here is Ru ay be at- House e its proper and place n Speaker's ofticial rank. later a and cabinet members taken the actlon of question ing. secretary has to do ed Americans got together and effected a com- promise pleasing to all—one hopes and pre- sumes. financialiy profitable also all around. (The bill i3 now being modified in the sensc the compromisc.) Rut it fsn't only of the sord!d financial as pect of the'matter that one thinks; it isn't so important—though it is important that now Gwendolyn won't have to give up the new Rolls-Reyce she had set her heart on. and that il, after all, can lLave her Drecoll gown ith’ the pisiki collar—but it's the example thus afforded of the spirit of compromfse, of mutual sacrifice. Who knows but that M. Poin- care may read thereof and be moved to write off a_few billlons of reparations marks and that Herr Stresemannu will. accept this renun- clation and not demand an apology in addi- tion? Little deeds of kindness have their re- percussions in a naughty world. And, besides. you ‘}mow, the amour propre of the Cubans is saved, of Germany.—Lord Curzon's note of August 11 to,the French government on the reparations problem consists of fifty-five paragraphs. M. Poincare has replied paragraph for paragraph The most important features of the Curzon note are the following: (1) Renewal of the proposal of an “imparti expert commission,” as. originally suggested Dby Secretary Hughes, to ascertain “Germany's cupaclty to pay” reparations, ;5 (2) The legality of the Franco-Belgian oc- cupation of the.Ruhr is challenged. (3) The occupation is declared a failure in respect of its objects, destructive of German capacity to pay, and of disastrous_effect eco- nomically and financtally on all Europe, and indeed, the entire world, It is thercfore pro- posed that “so soon as guarantees less eco- nomically -harmful have been put Into cffective operation,” the occupation shall ccase. (4) The British government announces that it will content Itself with a total of the equiva- lent of 14,208,000,000 mold marks, present value, from German reparations payments. plus debt payments from allles. This is the present vaiue of the British.debt to the United States as ad- justed. z (3) The possibility of separate action by the British _government, should KFrance and Bel- gium fall to accept the British position, is hinted. Poincare’s reply is a very closely rea- soned, able and characteristic state paper, not without a certain-pognancy in parts. He again rejects.the. proposal of an “impar- tial expert commission.” _ Suppose,-he asks, France and Belgium should agree, to a commission with an advisory func- tion, of what value would be its findings as to German capaeity to pay? It could only find what is now apparent to a blind man—namely, that the presént German capacity to pay is zero. 1t is so because.the Germans have willed -it £0. What it will be next year can only be de- termined next year. It will depend on how far in the interval.the German ablility to pay has Dbeen converted into’ the will to -pay. That the Germans can pay, if they will, is a conviction of which the French cannot be dissuaded. The ablility to pay depends upon production. Thanks to the diversion, since the armistice, of German profits from payment of reparations to repair, modernization and cre- ation of industrial plants, means of communi- catlon, etc. The German capacity of production is greater than it was before the war. The present financial chaos in Germany is the cre- ation of the German industrialists, who have immensely profited by it at the expense of other classes and of successive German gov- ernments, their dupes and tools. The Germans, if they wlill, can set their financial house in order, after which the required foreign credits ' for raw materlals would be readily procurable and the unexampled capacity of production could: be converted into an ample capacity to pay. ‘ The above paragraph fairly summarizes, 1 think, the'most important paragraphs of Poin- care’s long note. v As to the legality of the occupation, Polncare is unmoved by Curzon’s arguments. Poincare asserts that the British have misconstrued the primary object of the occupation, Which was to induce In Germany the “will to pay.” Had the British co-operated the guarantee thue seized would in all likelihood have proved productive. The occupati 111 be persisted in, this position know who is Who in the soeial world, ofticlal and otherwise, in Washington, | ' rd to each his or There must ever to change the guiding hand as sel- dom as possible, as. there, experienc ‘1x required more than in almost any other position for which the govern-!fully perused. Dangen of Faux Pas. srand game of chess. a|sccretary ing here. a queen there, a bishop vonder, all in the semblence of men or women in official life. but unlike #00d sports In a game where the bet- ter the player the ‘nearer the goal— the host—the value of his place on the Loard depends entirely on his The White House so- cial secretary must be familiar with the gume, for, as past history shows. a faux pas has brought on a scene of tragedy not untouched with humor and so important as to find a place on the front page of every big news- paper in the country the next morn- One of the nicest things a social is assign guests to place at dinner. Austro-Hungarian embassy- yof the past—was in full social bloom. & White House dinner party was | thrown into & statc of absolute panic i by .the sprightly Baroness Hengel- muller, | who retused to be the dinner consort {of the Mexican ambassador, because of her strong feeling on the Maximll- llan incident in his country some | years before. That was a catastro- ! phy which could scarcely be forescen and after the frate baroness changed partners with an amfable woman, the | f00d of state was served. That little incident was when state dinner partles were seated at a nar- row, interminable table lald in the red corridor just.without the suite of state parlors. and divided from the main entrance hall by a Tiffany glass which afterwurd mysteriously Wus not such an ex- clusive abode in those da:s and so- clety reporters gathered o take not.- of the beautiful gowns of the women and uniforms of the men after they | dofted their wraps. and later, the famous stained glass screen afforded numerous peep holes, where one might view at close range the gath- cred company .and likewise ocatch spicy stray bits of gossip, themselves unseen. It was just as they were passing behind this sacred screen for a dinner party, and while some great {financial lssue was on, that the late i Plerpont Morgan shook his finger under the very nose of the late Pres- | 1dent Roosevelt. Flood of Letters. . One ‘might picture Mrs. Coolidge ! sitting in « comfortable chair per- sonally dictating an answer to each !letter in the bulging mail pouch. j Not so. She could not possibly do it, even if she did nothing clse. The ‘ife of a President nutlines her volicy to the White Housc soclal 'btv‘re ry. That i3, she wmake: it clearly known to what causes she will subscribe her name or lend her {patronage. Her policy In reference to the thousands of requests which “‘OXTAI‘, from all parts of the country lis also clearly explatned, for every- | thing that human mind can invent is asked of the first lady of the lund. There is, in fact, a gencral outline o what she can and cannct do, given to the secretary After th answerlng notes becomes a simpl matter. “The wife of the Prestdent sees only the most personal mail, and it may be Jd for the White House secretaries, present and past, that they have scldom cver made & stake in judgment or given offense. Th ds left at the White House— and it is the duty of every woman in official life, and out, too, she =0 ires, to leave her own and her husband's card at the door of the mansion—are recorded and care- Their index forms the invitation list for social affairs at the { mansion. } It is also the It is nec. to were well task of the soctal to arrange all meetings with the President’s wife. The notes asking this honor are carefullv gone over, and as It would be a physical impossibllity to reccive the visitors individually, they are cleverly group- cd as to rank or social importance, or meneral interest. and when the day and the hour i3 set, they are re- ceived as at a small tea or reception, the length of the visit depending upon the number received, but at best the call is brief. ¥rs. Harding Generous. Mrs, Harding was more, generous in this favor than were any of her predecessors, but it was at a terrible cost. The public could take from her her time, but they could not give the {per back her health. Once in a while When the ( — e e a thing+ (Continued on Nineteenth Page.) The deplorable developments that have at tended the occupation and the cffects there of are due, not to the occupation itself, but to the illegal “passive resistance” which has been encouraged by the British attitude. To the pro posal to evacuate the Ruhr the answer is flat As previously announced, lowever. the French und Belgians will, on cessation of ive Parl Passu, with German payments. & in the hand is worth two in the bush, and arc not EoIng to let o of this hird T lack spuce to notice Poineare's interestin reply to Lord Curzon's statement of Britain's minimum demand rcgarding payment. The manner of stating that demand is regarded by Poincare, and I think rightly, as curfously offensive. 1t is probably only Curzon's way, and not intended to be masty. The substance does not, as I interpret, materially differ from that of Bonar Law which was not acceptable to France, chiefly be- cause in reducing the German total to $12,500 000, it made no provision for relief of Francc from her debt to the United States. No more does the new proposal; wherefore, no more is it acceptable, As to the hint of separate action by the Brit- ish government, Poincare courteously depre- cates that and propose renewal of oral dis- cussions, Premier Baldwin left London vesterday for \ix-les-Bains,” France, on vacation. It i€ un- Gerstood that he welcomes Poincare’s sugges- tion-and will arrange tg meet the latter at the end of his vacation. The rough outline above hardly suggest that the correspondence noted marks any headway toward a better understanding, but in Poincare's note there are several dellcate hints that may be found pregfiant. There has been an almost total absence of reports from Germany during the past week indicating dis- orders. It is a bit uncanny after the violence of the previous week. Dr. Hilferding, the minister of finance, announces an era of “brutal and ruthless taxation polictes.” Not only so. but also “draconic” as elsewhere stated. It s de- voutly to be wished that Dr. Hilferding will make good his brave words. On the 24th, at 2 luncheon in Berlin of the executive commit- tce of the national assoclation of German mbers of commerce, Dr. Stresemann, the rman chancellor, announced _that his gov- ernment stands by the June 7 offer of the Cuno government. Concarning reparations, the speech was dis- creet and added nothing of note to Cuno’s pro- posals, whether by way of enlargement or ex- planation. On the subject of the occupled territory it was perhaps a thought bellicose. While he re- afiirmed the resolution of his government to enforce a drastic financial program, the chan- cellor declared that solution of the foreign political problems must precede a permanent rehabllitation of German finances. That is true in a manner of speaking. but the emphasis is not, perhaps, entirely reassuring. So far, Dr. Stresemann has us guessing. EE R Japan.—Admiral Baron Kato, prime minister of Japan, is dead—a man of very rare dis- tinction for intellectual ability and integrity of character, He had a gcnlus’ for silence scarcely surpassed by that of Grant or Von Moltke. Because of the able part he played in the Washington conference he s probably better known-to America than any other Japanese has ever been. He is temporarily succeeded by Baron tchida, foreign minister in his cabinet, pending the formation of a mew cabinet. ¥ % %k ¥ Miseellameous.—The fourth assembly of the league of nations will meet at Geneva on September 3. According to the London Times, Neville Chamberlain is to be British chancellor of the “exchequer. The post-war trade of the Italian colonies in northern and eastern Africa is going well. These colonies are Libya (including Tripofl- tana and Cyrenaica) on_the Mediterranean. Eritrea on the Red Sea, and Italian Somaliland on the Indian ocean. These colonies are ave- nues of trade to and from the interior. It is to be observed. however, that the prosperity is more or less artificial, duc to preferential im~ port and rrangements. O Auaw n e i wife of the then ambassador, ' [RIFF RAFF NOW DUMPED - - UPON AMERICAN SHORES |Problem of Undesirables Complicateg 3 Work of U. S. Officials Who . Strive for Solution. i HE case of Ellis Island is being | the stories, some false and some truc.s thrashed out in goverpmental | that are told every day, to the board " . eircles, particularly since Am-|of review. . bassador Geddes criticised con-| Tt I tell you the story, perhap: ditions of this detention station in|yowll say; “Fudge.” o come st and a report to the British foreign office. | listen, and then vou may judge, if the Secretary of Labor Davis indorscs|men and the women., whose storfes a rccommendation by Ambassador |unfold, are quite like the aliens, you Geddes, which he believes would doenge knew of old. oo S gt s SE ne comes as u student, he shows more than anything else to remedy | p; /i fomIe® s 4 student, he shotes the purported unsavory conditions at h ha trachom a wel Lllis Island, for the home govern | me: lady, kind bearted. would iR il i have us, admit those aficted, with ment to “undertake the control of [ fAYe W Admit the immigration where control is casy! A man from old and effective—ay the source.” Sec-| bodled clear brained, comes with ; etary vi o s o con- | the wealth, that h labor has gained setas Dayls poluts ouc dist the con i e oaueheiiing of SRl andt 20 ditions complained of at Ellis 1s1and | wil) therc's no 1a¢k, but the man cus result in large measure from this|not read, and ¢ must scnd him bac) fact ‘That those who are detained A man from the Volga, stands next thera are fndividuals. who, in one|id the lne, in appearance a villain way or another, are at Ellls Island|but his manners are fine, in a lan- in violation of the 1a Thosel wholEldEe unkliown, o me orito you: he are clearly ‘admissible to the United | Fe4ds and is passed, by the board o States under the law are passed|Teview. e through Ellis Island rapidly, usually{ For such is the law. that stunds in about two hours. Tt is those who|OUT Euld., and we caunot bend it, come to America in violation of the (8] ft uside. we must har out the n j1a% who are detained for deportu Scotlund. stro who {5 illiterate. and admit one - o | reads, though his heart's Having said this much pertinently.| ©f our country, its flug. Secretary Davis has directed the offi-j OUT Jaws. but he fecls that cials concerned with immigration not heeause, L to engage further in a wordy co teriiastent troversy on the subject. b Real Truth im Situation. we, 1 kuows how 1 t among those who kunow the real conditions regarding immigra- tion and what the truthful situation!r v rd of review. ts at Ellls Island, the matter is thus D e explained: back, ankuylosis ps All Europe want (8o, they all co a a3 nearly at once as board of review. ica, and.as nearly at once as po agtesia kLl e ble. But they shouldn't expect us to} Lis b Inictits his desiter his build a place at once of suflicient fown ni wed, o wo it [size to afiord the unprecedentéd PR N borde of uninvited and for the most her husband, but rase: part unweleome guests in comm o us and comfortable quarters such stories might be furnished in first-class s hell 15 in thelr homeland, but |'U’)r- of which they had never tered. On to come to Amer- 1an not the had flow With some te o 1ips to tell | shapes. known { otie object in July 1, when the new quota|can. ed up, therr were vessels with 900 persons ready to be dumped on the United States—at once. NXow conslder, the immigration sta- | we sure ‘ tion at Elis Island was built - in{nig, a Mick S e 1895 to take care of a profpective | 1ther say I'm Nordic Jarge immigraton. and If the flow | American fo et of immigration wasy steady this sta- fless brains, travel fhrough Iurep tion would still be large enough to|on profiteer mains, beer care for jt comfortably. Many Los-! pil and mur pituls have been erected to care for | lic ith ears the increased number of people who | agane to our c<hores afficted with Then the many and varicd diseases, some of [ ries they'r. which are not at all common in thi country. Since the war the of diveased carcd for at Ellis has been multiplied, Immigrant of Low € 2 ve that. they Every one connected with b i tion work knows that the imm of today is vastly different from immigrant of a few vears ugo, when this country was made great and | prosperous by the immigrants. With- | those wio cnee - {out any thought of expressing an un- | Fru¥, Derhaps xou iy {favorable opinion of the countries! Here comes & Turk ! from which the immigrants are com-| cilfan, a Pole a ing today. it iy an irrefutable fact|ihen i Brasillan Atbantar {that they are not of the same clast,}casy-mark land, - S its wid character,” quallty or disposition as|door. = during the lust century. They are| . [ithuanians R n not the homebuilders. ‘nor skilled | jan% an labor. nor are they and som. ) revolting kinds of an, with f th ail oman or r chologists, too, te tists, psveho nkind's evoly- true, faith <z Den 1 wuz Irish, but ng, a Y over. or rant) the thousind, the | tieelug rel And at that the and wit ous, and rar ou are witi to work a think. after h 1 a Latvian, Albantans, Ukran to thi: -opei £ Roumar - load’s getting floor creaks, t} we urc getting of the men w. ans. farmer: Many of them will say they were farmers at home, but when h is investi- gated ft usually is found they never were furmers and do not intend to go on farms here, but will join the hun- gry and generally shiftless hordes in the efties, Many of the immigrants who come inow and who are in the jam at Ellis iIsland are derclicts, according to officlals. They are made So by ships imposed on them on the other side. The old immigrant came in with 4 love of freedom, and w Americans the moment they landed. { They were loyal to the core. A mi jority of the mnew immigrants, un- tortunately for us, come in with hatred und bittern subjected to {religlous intolerance, political perse- cutfon and other things that go to make men morbid and perverse. These i feelings are transplanted to our soil nd surcly no mun who loves the our institutions ca % equanimity on trans as these to American soil. Dream of Coming to U. S, Then, too, there scores of jonary and welfare socicties who: toverseas agents are talking to the distressed peonle of other lands about the beauties of this country stilling a desire to come he mulating an immigration that this {country does not need and cannot well jassimilate at this time. |- It vou want to get a kal icture of the immigrant sits lit gevelops_at Elils Island jTerence v {called the 1E lonce knew as Cork Silec Armenians, they crow:s 1 one another, the Chinaman too, with b little Jap brother. Arabiun, Schwabiar Slovenian und Croat, no wonder ti thoughtful, ask where a we at. Mohammedans, Omadhauns, rican 0o, Purtuguese, Nia motley ere Mongollans, ¥ Galliclans nnd Finns, while from Manchuria, sits there As he looks at flowing past, Just bow States of e strean and wonders, long will it old German ust come men e W us Tus Tarta, the Cossac the Don. Sihcriar winds blow on. dered, faith, T de wait, here cor potamii, Ther used to fuow, § before hin no douht from th. cast land you get their bundles and loads, stri a crowd, from the Islan esserablan. Litr. and the kian, Maltese, Singale T we ha 2 ¥ throng hat once knew and tlre Dune. comes. a Bulgarian, eith theiy hands with ¢ Rhodes mis- | that lox Norweglan, Now with N a one Au nows e tall end from far-o skit ound alunders to th descopic ther of the immigratior r’n(,:”l:‘v’f is t such notalle 1 Be who immigration half a century in !aesociation as Andrew | Archbishop Ireland, Charles W. Il |100. come her {ilott and Samuel Gompers., Mr. Pow- |UGRIA Of Tevhoww, o derly i now a member of the board feaeare ditows ot (s wd ey th of review on immigration app S ‘*‘ =2 "l;: T«‘xurfrn‘:] O'I“« i A& Ficture in Verse land of the bolshevist, they are con i e describes the work as follows: |ing by stealth. despleing hard labor i a ¢ off, if you're w yet looking for wealth. { Justitakasaiday of, 108 All kinds of women, all kinds iing and able. please sit for a time, {at one side of cur table. and list to ' to uppedl, Lmen, we reject and exclude, agaiu ugaln, anarchist. communist, bigs mist too, you'll hear if you sit, wit e board of review. We arce asked to admit of quecr people, some of them mies, some tall as & steeple, the | vert comes too, we cannot anal: him. he. might furn®out right. if w could sterilize him. i A man and his wife, and four ek dren arrive ¢ have left one i alive, but the Kiag they thought it witliout him, i\ew Ship Policy Based on Business (Continued from First T PYE per an jand port engineers of the governmen here te lias ito check the work of the port engi- |vis n teie i ell some w |neers of the operators. Under they'eq Ul “oofl sdmittance. then fo new plan this checking of checkers|py, to send, hoping we to admit his {11l be eliminated. and the overhead|\ould the law breal or hend, w } materlally reduced the aid of sob sisters, who tell us th ey 3 {we, would be heartless and cruel, ‘ Basis of Capital Stock. Indians could be. R ? .| 7t that family we, should by vou The capital stock of the corpora- separate, in denying admittance, whe tions is to be based on the value of |he knocks on our gate. to that poor |the physical propertics—the vessels. |lonely child, whose parents so Kin H ilities, il & d_the real separating, when the i the terminal facilities, ete. Tt will ail | {6 the Teal = ibe owned by the government. | Let's suppose we admit him, an It is espected that the twelve to|later he weds, he in turn becom i a father, to children whose heads, ar !eik“lee“ jcorpozation sEwiIl requu’e‘ at lacking in balanc are lack in {the start some 250 ships. representing | |tuin, pray tell i r sister, jusy : ;. hat do we gain? approximately 2.000000 deadweight | wh : % imately | IS it right that our country. its asy tons. A reserve of approximately |, T i should jn years bi- 1,750,000 deadweight tons. about 200 .ome crowded, because this bourd vessels, will be held to meet compe- (fails, to bar out the tainted, in body titlon on some of the routes. The |in mind, think of this when vou ask 1o lus, to be overkind. ¥ Shipping Board has the vessels, in| “Tney say that they love us, thau act, after it has allotted the pro-{we can't do without them, but loo Lt il h: ing th ne cannot but doulr , it will still have on |ing them over, one cannol by ¥ gpossd ""m‘f:o 800 stoel vessels |them, are they right in the head, are hand qeoute; 430 O 8 i they right in the heart. will they to be disposed of. stand by our laws. and with us d. In the American coastwise trade |their part? 3 - ; | there are approsimately 3,700,000 These are questions T ask, of wma- {deadweight tons now 1in existence. |jugkars. point the MEht way, 1o sif } Add this tonnuge to that.proposed tofout thi best, from this tangle anc [be operated by the subsidiary cor- |Tiusk 5o tht we mis plek them. { porations, and there will be an Amei- | "4 ST BRGS0 e worla ican merchant marine of some 7,500,- | lcadership. may losc of its strengt 000 tons, a merchant marine service- |1t may weaken und sip if we gi ur time, to those we reject, & abla In tine oL yesce of mar. pay little heed, to the kind we se he new plan looks to operation| Don’t you sce that the man. whu T p y X of cargo-carrying vessels alone at}comes 2;\; sc‘:;;ls“::;hintl“'lm}!u i< vhat causes, v and fuss present. The passenger vessels will | o, jection, of aliens, should begin to be operated under exist-{over <en. and not when thex enter IO 1 1 he