Evening Star Newspaper, September 11, 1921, Page 55

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- Fs % Ldasd g - MAGAZINE SECTION Sundly St Part 4—6 Pages WABHINGTON, D. O, SUNDAY MORNING, SEPTEMBER 11, 1921. ext Sunday Is 128th Anniversary of Capitol Corner Stone Laying BY EDNA MAY COLMAN. NLY a few of the hundreds of visitors who daily roam through the Capitol, eagerly seeking to “do” every point of historic interest, discover for themselves the handsome bronze tab- let at the entrance of the roturda on the street floor, placed just above the corner stone. which was laid with femn and impressive Masonic ceremonies by President -George Washington on September 18, 1793, Just 128 years ago next Sunday. The tablet was placed on the south- east wall of the north wing of the original building on the 100th anni- versary of the laying of the corner PHOTOGRAPH OF THE TROWEL USED BY PRESIDENT WASHI TON IN LAYING THE CORNER STONE OF THE CAPITOL. PROP- ERTY OF MASONIC LODGE OF ALEXANDRIA. stome, as part of the centennial cere- v monics. in which all of W-shinrton participated. It bears the following inseription: Beneath thix tablet the cornerstone of the Capitol of the United States of America was laid_by George Washington, First Prexident, September 18, 1703, On the Hundredth Anniversary, (L in the yenr 1598, In the presence of the Congress, the Executive and the Judéeiary. a vast concourse of the grateful peopie, of the District of Columbia commemorated the event. Grover Cleveland, Presldent of the United States. < 7 Adial Ewing Ste Vied Wut.‘ Charles Frederick isp. Speaker Homse of Representatives. i Daniel Wolsey *Voorhees, Uhairman Joint Commitfee of Congress. Lawrence Gardner, Chalrman Cltisens' Com- mittee. Though a beautiful work of art, this @ole. s paray mdden w he de-p shade of the arched approach to the build ing and must be sought to be readily noticed. * k x * ;. DURING the. 128 vears that have have passed since the memorable event which the tablet commemorates the transition of Washington city from a swamp-bound, forest-hidden hamlet of scattered cabins has been so stupendous that the most vivid imagination. cannot visualize the pro. ceedings of that early date with any semblance of realism upon the site today. Surfounded by vast stretches of woods, Capitol Hill then was Snly a large primitive knoll, with the tem permental Tiber lapping along its base, giving romantic view to_such early estatvs as that of Duddington, | Manor; whose owner Daniel, Carroll had dreamed of a modern Rome when he purchased the virgin acres border. ing the troublesome creek. Here and there sturdy farmhouses reared upon the smoking embers of Indian tepecs gave promise of en- ' couragement to_the strugglcs of the old wiseacres who sought to plant on | the banks of the Potomac the germ of national unity that should be nounish- ed by patriotism and develop into a i nation's stronghold. Little did these good men and true, under the eagle eye of the intrepid Washington, heed the dust, heat or mud on their long march over the uneven roads and along the erratic cowpaths which then served as streets. Thelr inspired vision, which { transformed a plain block of marble |into a mighty legislative hall for & free people, likewise spread its glam- | our over the approaches and surround- |ings, and. like mirages of the desert, {a city beautiful lifted its dome, spires {and steeples before their enchanted eyes and spread its broad avenues be- | meath their foet. It is due to the records and files of the Masonic Lodge of Alexandria, the reports of the occasion in the Gazette of Alexandria and the papers of Balti- {more and Annapolis that we are now Jable to gather any sort of a word i picture as to the detalls of the mem- orable affair and the names of the mogt important participants. * X ¥ % EN. WASHINGTON had long been i~ a member of the Masonic fra- ernity, and it was but natural in his i difficult role of first President to an 1infant nation, when among othdr du- ties it fell to him to dedicafe build- jings and the like, that his mind ! turned to the solemn rites of this or !der as the most suitable with which .to conduct the official dedication of new landmarks in the nation’s life and history. Therefore, on September 18, 1793, he arrayed himself in the regalia of the order, including the Masonic apron worn by him when grand mas- ter and presented to him by Gen. Lafayette as the handiwork of Mme. ! Lafayette, and combined his Masonic duty” with his responsibflity as the nation’s chief. According to the -pewspaper ac- counts, the ceremonies were as follows: | “Qn,IWednesday, September the 18th, ‘oné of the grandest ic proce sions ‘ta6k ‘place, for the purpose of laying the corner stone of the Capi- | i | i | _Washington’s Famous Trees By Isabell Sewall Hunter. The Crittenden Qak. HIS is a mossycup oak in the northeast corner of the Bo- tanic Garden. It was planted in 1862 by Semator John J. Crittenden, the acorn having been one » of a handful brought from the home “state, Kentucky, by Robert Mallory, a friend of Senator Crittenden. There 1s another mossycup oak in the west end of hte garden, which was plahted by _Mallory, and these two trees have beln called the “peace trees.” ‘The “Crittenden compromise,” pro- * posed in 1860, is the best known of all the later schemes for adjustment between the states. Crittenden did his utmost to prevent an armed con- flict. It was because of an informal discussion of the compromise which the east gate, entirley unmindful of the trees already occupying the space, of which this Crittenden oak was one. The first William R. Smith, superin- tendent of the garden, knew about it was when the workmen came to cut the trees.~ Then things became ex- citing. Mr. Smith loved his as: Barbara Frietchie loved her flag. For that day Mr. Smith was suc- cessful, but undoubtedly he would have lost out in the end if publicity had not come to his aid. Conrad H. Syme brought an in- junction. There was a public hear- ing, with the result that large as were, it was decided to move the three trees considered the most important. Supt. Smith went into Ye- tirement while the job was being done. He couldn’t stand seeing the trees murdered. He said it was pos- sible the young elms might survive, but the oak which would have to leave its immense tap-root behind would surely perish. took place in the Botanic Garden that the trees were planted and named. |a true prophet. 200 seedlings from the the battle- Years later trees were planted on ground at Chickamauga. The Crittenden oak, as it mnow swnds, owes its life to publicity. Some thirteen years ago Congress directed the commission which had i1 hand the business df locating the CGrant memorial to choose some unoc~ cupied place in the Botanic Garden. @ hey chose a place directly opposite Fortunately, Supt. Smith was not The tree in fts new location stands strong, sturdy. and, because of the heavy pruning it was necessary to give it when it was moved, unusually bushy. In fact, the first thing one notices about the tree is this luxurant foliage. .Another happy result {{om ;:o mwvh:: I;' ‘n.::x S0 many people: who were - know .!.5. trees | | W HEN George Washington, With Impressive I\—/I—asonic Ceremonies, Took Im-~ portant Part—Dreams of the Pioneers and Wonderful Growth of City Since 1793—Newspapér Reports of Corner Stone Ceremonies—Tablet Placed on South- i | east Wall of the North Wing of Original Building on the One Hundredth Anniver- sary of Laying of Stone—A Building With Two Corner Stones—Second Laid Fifty- eight Years After Washington Dedicated the First. i MASONIC PROCESSION TO THE CAPITOL ON SEPTEMBER 18, 1793, WHEN FIRST CORNER STONE WAS 1 he United States, which per- ;zunp:‘wln ever exhibited on the like important occaslan.. Ah%fl&g- Lodge No. $ was visited b¥: o gregation 8¢ graceful ‘{c tha craft, Lodge No. 22 of Virginia, with all of their. officers and regalia, and, direct ly afterward appeared on the south- ern bank of the grand river Potamack one of the finest companies of vol |unteer artillery that has beep lately | seen, parading to receive the Presi- |dnet of the United States. who short- ly came in sight with his suite, to whom the artillery paid their mili- tary honors, and his excellency and suite crossed the Potomack, aud was received in Maryland by the officers }and brethern of 22, Virginia, and No.! 9, Maryland, whom the President i headed, proceeded by a band of music, | the rear brought up by the Alexan- | the I/nited States in concert with the Grand Lodge of Maryiand, several lodges _upder Tts jurjadictlon. _and %a‘g;"m:n trotn © Alekandria, Vi omas Johnson, David Steuart and Daniel Carroll, Commissioners; Joseph Clarke, Right Worshipful Grand Mule'r Pro teimpore: Jamea Hoban and Stephin llette; architects; Collin Willlamson, master Mason.’ ““The . artillery discharged another volley and the plate was the deliv- ered to the President, who, attended by the grand master pro tempore and the three most worshipful masters, descended into the cavazion trench {2nd deposited the plate and laid it on the corner stone of the Capitol of the United States of America, on which were deposited corn, wine and wil. when the whole congregation joined HILE most important buildin are only provided with one form- ity ted—corner- stone; -the. Capitol the proud distinction of having two, the second one being th extension corner stone which was set in place with great ceremony fifty- eight years after Washington dedi- cated the first one. This was also the occasion of another impressive Ma- sonic ceremony, when President Fill- more officiated. After the rebuilding of the V pitol. which was partially destroyed in the! brief but disastrous occupation of the city by the British forces, the fact became apparent that the home of the in reverential prayer, which was suc- ceeded by Masonic chanting honors national government must expand to | meet the needs of the growing nation. dria Volunteer Artillery, with grand. snq another volley from the artillery. Two more wars had broken over the solemnity of march, proceeded to the‘ President’s square in the city o(, i Washington, where they were met !and saluted by No. 15 of the city of ‘Washington, in all of their badges] nd clothing, headed by Brother Jo- | seph Clarke, Right Worshipful Grand | Master, pro tempore and conducted to a large lodge prepared for the purpose of thelr reception. “After a short space of time by the vigilgnce of Brother Clotworthy Stepensen, Grand Marshal pro tem- pore, the brotherhood and other bodies | were disposed in a second”order of procession, which took place amid a brilliant crowd of spectators of both sexes, according to the following ar- rangement, Viz.: The Surveying Department of the City of Washington |Mayor and Corporation of Georgetown Virginia Artillery Commissioners of the city of Wash- ington and their attendants Stonecutters and Mechanics The Swordbearers Masons of the firsh degres Bible, etc., on grand cushions Deacons with staffs of-office Masons of second degree Stewards with wands Masons of third degr Wardens with truncheons Secretaries with tools of ‘office Past Masters with their regalia Treasurers with their jewels Band of Mnsfc = - Lodge No. 22 of Virginia, :disposed in their own order Corn, Wine and Ol Grand Master pro_tempore,- Brother George Washington and Worshipful Master “of No. 22 of _Virginia Grand Sword Bearer. “This imposing procession marched two abreast in the greatest solemn ! dignity, with music playing, drums | beating, colors flying and specta- tors rejoicing, from the President's Square to the Capitol in the city of ‘ashington, where the ' grand . ma: ter ordered a halt and directed each file in the procession to ineline two 'ps, one to the right and ‘one to lhe' left, and face each other, Which form- ed a hollow oblong squarg; through | which the grand sword rer led the van, followed by the grand mas- ter pro temport on the left, ‘the Presi- dent of the United States in the cen- ter and the worshipful master of No. 22, Virginia, on the right. > “All of the other orderd, that com- posed the procession adyanced in the reverse of their order of arch from the President's Square to' the south- east corner of the Capitol site and the artillery filed off to .« destined ground . to’ display their ‘maneuvers and discharge theri canmon. “The President of the Upfted States, the grand master pro re and the worshipful master of No. 22 taking their-stand to the east of & large stone, and all of the craft form- ing-a circle westward, stood a short time in solémn order. The artillery discharged a Yolley. ? ““The grand-master delfvered to the Commissioners a large _gliver plate with.an inscription thereon, which the Commissioners orderéd to e read, and ‘was as follows 3 “ “This southeast corneristone of the Capitol of the United States of Amer- Ie:i In the city of Wash! Iaid on the 1th jeptember, 1793, in the thirteenth yéar of Ameri- can independence, in the first year of the secoud term of the idency of George Washington, whi _virtues in the civil-administration of ‘his coun- try: have been as. and beneficial as his mill Faning her Mbertion, Sodin Tho'year ng her SR A of ‘Masonry 5793, by thesPresident of fter the Preaident and the digni- taries who assisted him ascended from the treneh to" the ast of the corner stone, the- grand master. pro tempore, elevated on a triple rostrum, delivered an oration fitting the occasiop, which was. recelved . with brotherly love and: commendation. ‘At ‘intervals- during the oration seversl volleys were dl: charged by .the artillery. The ce: mony. ended in prayer, chanting M: sonic_honors gnd fifteen volleys. from the fifteen different states of the Union by the artillery.- “The whole ¢omipany retired to an extensive booth, where an ox welgh- ing 500 pounds was barbecued, of which the company generally partook with abundance of other recreation.. The festival concluded with fifteen successive volleys from the artillery, whose military discipline and maneu- Vers merit every commendation. - “Before dark: the entire. company hagd departed with joyful hopes of the production ‘of thelr labor. ; PRESIDENT WASHINGTON IN MASONIO REGALIA. youthful nation and the trilumph of success had cemented the various ele- ments in bonds of mutual joy and sorrow. Now the growing rumble of a' third, this the most appalling -of any, began to be felt. .Notwithstand- ing the growing storm of internal strife, the lawmakers of the day re- solved to build resolutely to cope with “present and future needs and naturally the matter was long debated and discussed before “the “work Wi begun that should add the wings so needed ‘ta house‘the two branches of Congress.': - The National ‘Intelligencer of -July 7, 1851, gives a full account of the events of the day. From it and sev- eral ' cotemporary publications of the time these facts weére obtained: -“The national. anniversary, which was ‘célebrated on Friday lhst, was, in- its Important ircidents, the fineness of .the_ weather and {ts freedom all untoward ! circumstances, perhaps the most interesting and agreeable e enjoyed in this metropolis. he day was ushered in with salutes llery fromt differént points of mv“zny. nm‘ as the glorfous sun our st “spires - aRa Shed ]flg(el on the dome of.'the t4pital. J’t was welcomed by a display of natlonal jflags and the ringing of bells from the. various - churches and engine !houses. Transaction of business was forgotten and at an early hour our whole population were engaged In Preparations for a joyful observance of -ng:lf which hflorm!d So_important e in_the hist |and the worid. oo el ey | “In_the large council the city hall were | President of the chamber of _assembled the | United States. the | Army and the Navy In full i the mayor and members of the cor- | | porations and various civic bodies. _“At the appointed hour the grouns v rawn into line. The first divi- sion was preceded by the marshal of | the District of Columbia, Richard i {Wallach, and his aids. The military { escort consisted of- the mechanical artillerists, Capt. Duffy of Alexandri, Washington Light Infantry, Capt. Tate; National Blues, Capt. Chesney, from Baltimore: National Greys, Capt. i Peter Bacon: Walker Sharpshooters, Lieut. Birkhead. and Columbia Rifle- | men, Maj. McAli:ster, from Baltimore. [ The visiting companies attracted con- siderable attention. The battalion was under the command of Gen. John Mason, aided by Majors Keyworth ;and Riley and Capt. Tate of the in- | tantry. “The arrav of Army and Navy offi- cers was a most imposing feature, for included among them were about [forty veterans, many of whom had {spent the Dest' of their lives in the service of their country. Commander- in-chief Scott headed the military di vision, while Commodore Morris led the naval division in full uniform. “After about thirty minutes the pro- {cession entered the north gate of the Capitol grounds and was drawn up in order around the excavation made i for the stone. Marine band salutary 'wna followed by an _invocation b; Rev. M. C. Butler, D. D., rector Trin- ity Church and chaplain of the Sen- late. The architect of the new“part tof the building, Thomas U. Waliter, i {members of the cabinet, officers of the ;AbOVE them, vniform, | | surfa ‘investigate, not merely map out path: ed under your charge arise in its beautiful proportions to completion in conformity with all of your wishes, and may your health and life be long continued, and may you see the work €0 on and the capstone laid under cir- cumstances as auspicious and as happy as those under which this corner ston® is this day laid.’ “This concluded the actual cere- jmonies, but the President and digni- taries all seated themselves upon the | platform to give attention to several masterly orations, most mnotable among which was the one by Daniel Webster. At its conclusion the mili- tary fired a salute from the battery on the public reservation at the north end of the Capitol and the assemblage dispersed. At night there was a dis- play of fireworks on the Mall, south of the President's house. Among the notables in the gathering were a few men who had witnessed the ceremony lVast Treasures of Ocean Beds Are Awaiting Salvage in Coal Alone—Billion By EDWARD MARSHALL. BRIDGEPORT, Conn., September 10, 1921. CEAN depths are less mys- terious to Simon Lake than to any other human being. He was first to make the sub- marine a practical thing. That it has been used principally for warfare he regards as a tragic preversion of its potentialities. That it will be marvelously useful in peace enter- prise he believes with all his heart. Its peace-time promises, as he sees them, are like fairy tales. “Twe-thirds of the earth are covered by water,” he said thoughtfully. “Two-thirds! It is not the least productive two-thirds, eith- er. Its mysteries conceal more treas- ures than the wildest romancer ever had dreamed of. Treasure? Billions of it! Yet, we know practically noth- ing of it besides the fact that it is vast and that it does hide riches. “But the machines whereby we might have mastered it have been periected and at our disposition long- er than the airplane has been. Man' neglect of this great opportunity is amazing. The depths of the ocean have baffled us. They need baffle us no longer. It bores me to have peo- ple talk about the submarine as if it could be nothing but a sort of vast, aquatic beast ot pray, a sailor Killer, baby murderer, ship sinker. g “ieople are beginning to under- stand that aircratt can do better things than drop bLombs on defense- less cities. Let men also comprehend the fact that submarines may have mission which has naught to do with stealthy, Hunnish Killing, that if the ‘liner is a lady,’ the submarine may be, at least, an earnest, brave, u ful adventurer, exploring. mappin studying, eventually rendering com- monplace environments now utterly unknown, a pathfinder eliminating perils. “Excursioning in submarines is hid- den, cramped, oppressive work _in darksome depths associated with grim tragedies of wrecked ships, drowned men, women, babes, tremendous un- known monsters. Its risk is quite’as thrilling as that of air travel and even more mysterious, but it is incur- red in stuffy quarters, out of sigi of all_ mankingd s3ve a few thrust into a TompaitsIonsh which restricted Spuse: mrakes-all too intimate. Since the éarly boats which proved the possibility of under-water travel, no submarine has been the subject of ex- cited crowd enthusiasm. The German record in the war has made the name of sailors daring death by operating submarines anathema. “Yet I, personal am sure that the submarine will give as great a gift to man as the i.rplane ever can. The latter may explore some difficult areas of the earth’s surface, but it will skim studying superficially the submarine, soomer or iater. wi. explore far greater areas below th of the sea, and it will d.lve. surface for closer students. Treasures untold await the submarine equipped for work among them, and she will actually find them and pass them up for mankind’s use. * X * ¥ uSmci; I saw you last I have heard from an Australian who has been working with a submarine in locating pear] oyster beds. Long as the subma- far as I know, was its first use for this obvious purpose. “He tells me that pearls have been fished out not only elose about Aus- tralla, but far to the northward, at all depths which can be reached by recent methods, but that marvels up to now unguessed exist for the man who shall gc after the pearl oyster in a rightly cquipped submarine. Old ocean’s store, both of pearls and shell, has been ex- hausted down to depths of, say, 100 feet, save in the ‘culture-pear’ beds of Ja- pan, which, with inferior pearls, grown, as it were, to order, have much upset the markef. Because of casuaities and physical breakdowns due to water pres- sure it is not profitable to go deeper than 100 feet to get the precious things by hand, and it also Is impossible to dredge beyond that distance, becausé of the nature of the bottom on which pearl | then took a survey of the stone and ,oysters grow. |deposited therein "a glass jar her- ametically sealed, which contained a “So the finer fisherles come to an-ead, although we know that probably the rine has been a practical thing this, so { variety of historical parchments, | best of all pearis—marvels, ptrhaps be- coins of the United States, a special iyond the Mnagination of the most en- pape prepared by the Secretary of | thusiastic dreamer—may exist at levels taf® (described by Mr. Webster in|down, say, to 250 feet. There are places his oration), the newspapers of the | where we know the bottom to be cov- day, a copy of the oration to be de-|ered at that depth with pearl-oysters, livered by the Secretary of State, and other memorials. “The corner stone of the extension was then laid by President Millard Fillmore with great solemnity, after| which- he gave place to the Free| Masons, whose special services were | gpened by praver by their grandj fchaplain, Rev. Charles A. Davis. The ‘corn of nourishment, the wine of re- freshment, and the oil of joy' were deposited according to the ritual and practice of the fraternity. “The grand master examined the stone, applied the square, level and plumb_and pronounced it properly formed and suitable material for the purpoge for which it was intended. He then placed upon it the corn, wine and oil, saying as he did so: “‘May the all-bountiful Creator bless the people of this nation, grant them all of the necessaries, conven- iences and comforts of life; assist in the erection and completion of this edifice, preserve the workman from sny accidents, and bestow upon us all the corn of nourishment, the wine of refreshment.and the oil of joy.’ “Taking in hand the gavel, the grand masger, continuing, said: “*With this gavel, which was used by the immortal Washington at the laying of the corner stone of that Capitol, and- clothed with the same apron he then wore, I now pronounce this .corner stone of this_extension of that Capitol, well Iald, true and trusty. Accompanying his words with three blows of the gavel, the grand master then turned to Thomas U. may the noble edifice here to be erect- and presenting him with the working tools. the square, the level and the plumb, le said: “Mr. Architect, I now with pleas- ure present to you thess working tools of your profession, the square, gu rel and the plumb. We as specu- itive Masons use them mauymfl: you as - an . Wateon, o ect. : the architect of the extension, undisturbed by man since the beginning of the species; thercfore, some of them, of great age, conceivably, bearing pearls beyond the present dreams of experts. ‘And other untold natural treasures exist at the greater depths, hitherto un- reachable except by chance. ‘Grabs’ in the Bay of Naples have drawn up from beyond the depths to which divers can descend such coral as is not accessible to the shallow waters. These depths and far, far greater ones will be available to submarine fishermen. One coral piece brought up by a Bay of Naples ‘grab’ sold Tor $6,000. Its location by a ‘grab’ ‘was quite a matter of chance. Imagine ‘what might be done in similar waters by submarines equipped to search intelli- gently, seeing clearly what is there and capable of selecting that which may be best among discoveries. “The Prince of Monaco, intensely interested in all matters of deep sea life and exploration, is werking at & plan for the extensive use of the motion picture machine under water. ‘This has been worked out by others in very moderate depths, and a film shown in America and Europe had great vogue. But with the subma. rine developed as it has been, far more extensive picturing of depths is now a possibility. “I have designed what has been proved, through experimentation with an old submarine purchased from the government, a perfectly practical submarine, fitted especially for use in the deep-sea pearl fisheries. The prince recommends to the Australian government, which controls great beds unreachable by the old method: the construction of a new boat. The enterprise has. been deferred by the great war, but is practical. “No new principle is involved. in the construction of submarines for exploring ocean bottoms and recover- ing their treasures. It was ‘possibil- ities of this not those -of de- structive work in warfare, which first interested me in submarines and.such et Simon Lake, Submarinist. Tells 0{ Great \Vealth s in Riches of Shell Fish. Gold of Ships, and Wonderful Pearls. possibilities, not those have maintained my interest. 1 re- gard as a diversion of a potential good to evil purposes the use of the submarife, &s of the dirigible or aeroplane, for war purposes. of warfare, * * x * ".THE ocean is destined to produce not a little but many times more food for mankind than it does now. Its possibilities may be fully comparable to those which have been developed in new dry-land territories. Every one of average intelligence comprehends the great contribution to the world's food supply, which, for example, was made by the opening of [the western plains of the Unitea States, first to cattle raising and then to l:_rain and other crop-growing. ! plored and undeveloped, they |Bad produced littie but the buffalo and minor wild antmals, useful pri cipally to savage tribes Under de- i velopment by civilized man they fur- |nish food and many other things for tens of millions. 1 believe similar development wil ur with regard to E the utilization jof the submarine for nofl-war pur- poses fully begins. }“I speak from actual knowledge in | predicting this. In the expioration of ! subnfarine surfaces I have scen with {my own eyes vast® beds of edible i shellfisi:, capable of suppiying perfect ifood to hundreds of thousands in con- i tinuous supply. and these lie close to ,the great centers of population, easily reachable by submarines designed for such operations. Their extent quali- fles them to soive any food-shortage problems which may arise for man i generations “Clam fisheries have been exhausted in saallow waters. but clams are sometimes washed up in winrows by | great storms. This indicates the gen- erosity of the de ater supply. which as yet has not been touched 1 by man. | ™I have discovered. explored and {sampled vast beds of hard-shell clams {and almost as exhaustive territories in which evidence of the profuse ex- {istence of soft-shell clams was quite |as plain, although until I visited them {in my subn e the beds were un- isuspected. It is notable, also, that ‘@eep-water beds cannot have been irolluted by sewage from the land as 120 many shallow-water beds have een. ‘The famous oyster beds of Chesi- { peake bay are fished only by men who £o out in small boats and rake the {shellfish up with ‘tongs’ and dredges. { Obviously such instruments can reach ibut a few feet but they cannot dredge !lhem from rock: bottoms. where many rich virg The submarine can. “In a submarine journe: tom of that famous ba aw and sampled, one day. such beds of ters. mever touched by ‘tongers’ as have not been dreamed of by the con ventional oysterman. The best shal- {low-water < : on the bot- A : clams up to six inches in lenz*h used to be found by submarine along the shores of Long Island sound in unlimited quantities They are not obtainable today, by i present methods and if found, couid .be sold at any up to 23 cents jeach. They are waiting in the lower idepths by thousands of tons for the fisher who goes after them in an un- !derwater boat. “A great edible delicacy profusely existent in the deeper waters is th ‘razor’ clam. It is the most wonder- ful of shellfish and is now unavailable ! because its shell is so delicate that tongs and other such appliances break it so that it cannot be dredged out. 1 have perfected an apvaratus for use with my deep sea fishing submarine which is cabazble of gathering vast quantities of this delicite and highly nutritious food product in waters easily accessible along the coasts of bhoth the Atlantic and the Pacific. Tt does not dredge tiem. but stins the bottom so that theyv rise to the sur- face to be gathered there by those who wait for the fine harvest * % % x UCOL K. M. FOSS of England, in- terested in the extensive pearl- fisheries, which are located variously in British territory, spent several weeks with me at Bridgeport last summer studying the possibilities of the submarine for deep sea food |product fishing and pearl oyster re- covery. He became entirely convinced of the practicability of the submarine in the pearl fisheries and, with him, 1 am satisfied that a great future im- pends for it. notwithstafidlng the de- crease in the price of pearls which some expect. I think erroneously, as the result of Japanese pearl-culture by artificial means. “In the sponge fisheries the subma- rine will be the final implement, as it will be in coral and shell-fish re- covery. Sponges of great size and superb_quality are known to exist at depths far, far beyond the reach of present fishers, who. like the coral fishers, find their efforts limited by the length of their rakes and other grappling apparatus. = *““That the ocean bed is full of treas- ures is indicated more dramatically by the number of these unrecorded wrecks in that small area in Long Island sound than by anything else of which I think. I found one entirely unrecorded three-masted schooner ly- ing on her side and in really good condition, yet have been unable to dis- cover any records of her loss or her identity. She was laden with build- ing tile, and this was not worth sal- vaging, but why was not the loss of this valuable vestel made of record? Such losses are accepted without rec- ord by sailormen and owners in an extraordinary number of cases. “Upward of 5,000 ships other than coal carriers are recorded as having been sunk since 1879 in United States coastal waters, which we now knew to be easily explorable by commercial submarines. Of course, suck records are not even reasonably complete, for it is a curious fact that it is no one's job, {n or outside of the government. to make them so. “Treasures? Millions lie awaiting salvage. Millions, indeed, lie await- ing him who seeks inteiligently at the bottom of Hell Gate, or between Execution Rock and the Battery in New York's- East river and harbor alone, and there are many other points - where exploration by intelli- gent methods would reap as rish rewards.’ 3

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