Evening Star Newspaper, June 26, 1921, Page 27

‘I EDITORIAL PAGE NATIONAL PROBLEMS SPECIAL ARTICLES e EDITORIAL SECTION he Sunday Star. Part 2—12 Pages COLLECTING FACTS ABOUT INDUSTRIES Proposed to Extend Governmental In- quiries and to Furnish More Information to the Public for Its Protection. BY G. ULD LINCOLN. HE passage by both houses of Congress of the packer bill, to regulate ‘the meat-packing in- dustry, and the expected pas- sage by the Senate of the Frelinghuysen bills to stabilize the coal industry, mark a new milestone in the progress of the federal government in attitude toward the people of the United States. Incidentally, member of Congress who are opposed to go ernment in business, and to the gov- ernment’s entering into private activ- fties of the people, are asking where is all this government resulation and aid going to end. © The purposes of government pri- marily are to preserve order, to see that the laws are enforced and to protect the people. It was not so long ago that the measure of pro- tection by government lay in the armies and navies maintained to de- feat any other nation or nations that might attack the country. But the government has gone far afield since that time. It has taken on so many extra-governmental func- tions that it would require a volume to list them. For instance, through the public health service the govern- ment looks after the health of the people; through the postal service it sees that communication among the people is kept open; through the in- terstate commerce act and the Intey- state Commerce Commission it reg- ulates the transportation charges: through the prohibition law it regu- | lates the appetites and the morals of the country. These are just a few of the most important governmental activities. Through the Department of Agri- culture the government has done a great deal to aid the farmers, through education and advice. More than this, it has developed a comprehensive scheme of crops reports and estimates that give the people, the farmers and the merchants a comparatively ac curate knowledge of what to expect in the way of food products in any one season. This has been of in- estimable value. _ : Proposed to Extend Inquiries. And now it is proposed to do for other basic industries of the country what has been done for the farmers in the matter of collecting agricul- tural statistics. Under the leadership of Secretary Hoover of the Depart- ment of Commerce, it is proposed that that department of the govern- ment shall collate and publish simi- lar statistics regarding the produc- tion of the industries of the country, this information to be free to the public. Take the coal industry, for instance, which the Frelinghuysen bills deal with. It is argued that if the peo- ple had been fully informed as to the production of coal, the amount on on hand, etc., there would not have been the buyers' panic last year that resulted in forcing prices of coal to $15 and even to $30 a ton. The buyérs would not have rushed into the spot market offering all kinds of prices for coal. But it is not proposed to stop with coal. There is steel, another great basic industry; and lumber, oil, cop- per, etc. There is the clothing in- dustry, and the meat-packing indus- try. With the widest publicity regard- ing prdduction of the necessities, it its fatherly | country. | ing, is allowed a much less sum under this act than agriculture and indus- try, and the women are striving to have this increased until they are all {on a parity. The annual maximum | set for agriculture and industry under | the act is $3,000,000, and the support- ers of home economics traiming are | urging that the same maximum be set | for that character of training. There re 26,000,000 women and girls en- gaged in making and keeping homes in this country today. This number is in excess of the number engaged in industrial pursuits, and more than i twice the number engaged in agricul- i ture. { Some Governmental Activities. The federal government keeps tabs on the weather through the weather bureau, and its storm signals have saved millions of dollars worth of property, undoubtedly. It has gone into the business of aiding in the construction of good roads.- It main- tains a bureau of standards, which is engaged in all kinds of investigations of materials, and the scientific in- formation obtained by the bureau is free to all the industries, which, avail themselves frequently of the informa- tion contained in these reports. Through the burcau of chemistry, in the Department of Agriculture, the federal government sces to it that food and drugs sold in interstate | commerce are pure. 1t supervises the kealth of cattle and hog Which €0 into the food of the people through; the bureau of animal industry: it| aids the farmers in the development of their crops through the bureau of plant industry. In fact, the government is engaged tin a multitude of excellent activities [to help the people. But the people Lave to pay for these benefits. one way or another. The money appro- priated for these activities comes out of the pockets of the taxpayers of the country. 4 Question for Taspayers. The only question today, in extend- ing these activitie: whether the people, the taxpayers, are willing to have their taxes continued at the present high rate in order to obtain the benefits proposed under the new legislation. Secretary Mellon a few days ago, in a letter to the ways and means committee of the House, de- clared that government expenditures were proceeding at a rate that was “shocking.” In only two ways, he said, could this evil be remedied—one was by cutting down appropriations and the other by the utmost economy (Co WASHINGTON, D. C. untry Bound to SUNDAY In the Extent of Tax Reductions MORNING, JUNE 26, 1921 Be Disappointed tail they are at times grotesque to the point of BIG BUSINESS MEN 'PLAN WORLD TRADE Commercial and Financial Leaders of Eleven Nations to Hold Confer-~ How Mese in government administration. He said that the present rate of expendi- ture was in the neighborhood of 000,000.000 a year, and that there was no hope for a reduction of ucxa-l tion, unless a halt were called. i There is a demand in some quarters | that the government take over and| run the transportation systems of the | But on the other hand, op- ponents of “government in business are doing their utmost to halt fur- ther legislation looking to the gov- ernment regulation and operation of any business. Senator McLeah of Connecticut, republican, recently told the Senate, in opposing the packer bill, that it was but an entering wedge which, if followed to its legitimate conclusion, would result in price fix- ing and the regulation of all kinds of business: He predicted a series of “industrial graveyards” if the policy is persisted in, and that eventually your job. BY N. 0. MESSENGER. RESIDENT HARDING, down in his heart, Tealizes that the country is in for a sen- sation of partial disappointment over the impossibility of realization of the il measure of hope entertained for immedfate sweeping reduction in taxation. But is he down- cast thereat? He is not; he belleves that the country will be reasonable, after the first pans of disappointment, and will look the situation and the facts in the face. But more than that, he Is not resting idly. walting for something to develop, but is moving with steady and sure strides along a path of ac- tion which leads to betterment of conditions in the future. He has a definite. plan laid out for material reductions in the cost of conducting the government which should save many hun- dred million dollars annually to the taxpayers of the country. The commission to reorganize the governmental departments and the opera- tion of the budget system are the agencles de- pended upon to accomplish the economies, which will be reflected in reduced expenditures and taxes hereafter.’ * K k% Unfder the aforetime system of appropria- tions it was the custom for the departments to ask for all they thought they could get from Congless in the way of appropriations. Con- gress, duly shocked over the exorbitance of the demands, would scale the appropriations down, having in mind that Congress also needed ap- propriations—public buildings, river and harbor improvements, judicial offices and so on—and would frame up the best compromise possible in the circumstances. This was the system in vogue before the world war. ‘Then, when the war broke, the departments came into their own. And what a heritage it ! Under the stress of patriotism, Congress could only say yea to every departmental de- mand, and sing low in considering its own de- sires. As every one knows, the departments ran riot, nct willfully nor vicionsly of malice prepense, but to win the war. It was charac- teristic of the American spirit that money did not count against the attalnment of the main object, victory at arms. * ¥ % X The piper played a strident tune, to which the country danced, and now the country is in the throes of payment. The question might be asked if the American spirit is still predomi- nant in the complaining at paying the price which comes up from the public. The answer would promptly be that the country is not re- sentful of meeting the obligations of the war, but is only insistent that the habit of extrava- gance, contracted in war time, shall be broken off. Congress and the administration are at one in this demand. It cannot be denied. that the Tepresentative, legislative body, responsive di- rectly to the people, has manifested the wilt and desire of the public for a more radical cut in public expenses than the administrative branch thinks necessary, and this fact might seem to refute the suggestion that the two branches are in accord. But the point is this: Both branches are actuated by the same general prin- clple, and it Is only a difference in judgment as to the extent to which the principle shall be applied. So there is no materlal difference in fact. The sums involved are but a few hundred millions. * kK K Congress is faced by one fact which must not be overlooked. The budget system may not prove an unmixed blessing to Congress, although that body recognized its general merit and put it into effect. But it is a certainty that the budget system will turn out to be at once an example, a mighty Incentive to ecanomy and a warning to Congress. It will act as a deterrent to lavish appropriations by Congress on and for its own account. The first time the budget of governmental appropriations is reported to Congress it will show a great saving in proposed expenditures. “See what the departments have done in cutting down expenses” is the sentiment it will breathe. “Go thou and do likewise on expenditures out- side the departments That may not sound so cheerful to the con- gressmen, but the question arises, how they can violate the {njunction? It will admonish them to the strictest economy in general appropria- tions and will focus the attention of the country on their action. * * %k ¥ Considerable curiosity was excited in Wash- ington by the veiled allusion of Secretary of War Weeks, in a speech last week, to the ex- istence of a world situation which should deter the United States from vitally weakening its military strength at this time. Secretary Weeks hinted that the government is in posses information which is of a nature~o stop, look and listen before permittin der-horn to become too empty. “What's in the wind?" everybody was asking, “and from which quarter does it listeth?" The word of the Secretury-of War is not to be doubted, but certainly the public has no in- formation to warrant the apprehension which he voiced. The man in the street hears nothing but expressions of international amity from England and France, the only powers materially capable of presenting a situation of menace to peace with this country. * kK ok The differences between the United States and Japan are officially reported by the Depart- ment of State to be in process of adjustment between the Japanese ambassador and Secretary of State Hughes. And yet the public hears constantly reiterated reports that Japan is not slackening military preparations. No doubt the mass of these reports are grossly exaggerated. and certainly they grow in repetition. In de- absolute incredulity if not ridicule. One hears tules of shipbullding and armament which to the well Informed man are recognized as be- yond the physical power of fulfillment, though “no doubt sccepted without a grain of salt by many. These reports, however, do not alarm the public. Talk with the average citizen, and it will be found that he cannot bring himself to believe the possibility of Japan and the United States comirtg into conflict. That is to sav, the average man whose habitat is east of the Pacific coast strip of states and their near nelghbors. * ¥ * X This incredulity of trouble with Japan has Increased by the published expressions of the sentiments of Canadians, New Zealanders and Australians of thelr avowed intention not to sympathize with a possible coalition of Great Britain and Japan against the United States, as well as the vigorous utterances, public and semi-officially in kngland, of the existence of a similar feeling there. It is belleved to be be- yond doubt that the taxpayers and voters of England and her dependencies would refuse to carry into effect a possible agreement between the government of Great Britain and Japan which wou!d Involve hostile action against the United States. * ¥ ¥ X However, Secretary Weeks' position against too great a weakening of the military strength of the country undoubtedly has strong backing in Congress. The majority vote on military and naval appropriations may show a division of judgment among men as to just where the line exists between adequate and weak pre- paredness, but there is no question the senti- ment ix existent for the principle of prepared- ness. Congressmen do not have in mind any par- ticular nation or set of circumstances likely to arise against which to prepare. Their appre- henxions are based upon the general upset con- ditions of the world. They visualize a world upside down. things askew everywhere on the planet. und one often hears the expression, “Anything might happen in a situation such as e s in the world nowaday: P What is to come out of the disarmament propazanda? is frequently asked among con- gressmen. They know from personal talks with President Harding that he is faverable to world- wide lessening of armament and they have heard the British premier, Lloyd George, hint at overtures initiating it. But is anything practical being done in that direction? they inquire. And their best endeav- ors do not disclose a tangible fact which could be construed as an answer in the affirmative. Was Secretary Weeks, therefore, speaking by the card when he made his warning speec ence This Week in London. s | of experience following the armistice, is of very great importance. It is N earnest effort to find means ¢ | of hastening the restoration | of world commeree will be| Upon the shoulders of these men that made by business men of | the task falls of restoring to full eleven nations at & meeting to be | ODeration, with as little delay as pos- held during the coming week in Lon- don. The conference is the first nual meeting of the International Chamber of Commerce, organized in Paris lastisuimmer; devote themselves to the adjustment More than 200 leading American | ©f political problems. which of neces- business men are in London to attend | 81LY have a vast influence on economic | sible, the world's facilities for doing business which were so £adly disrupt- | €d by the war. “The statesmen of the nations may the meeting. The other countries|development, but. after all, it is to represented are: Great Britain, | the business and financial leaders that France, Ttaly, Belgium, Denmark., (he world must look actually to put Sweden, Greece, Holland, Poland and | s p everyday affairs in work- { in Ceechoslovakia Americans, who see in this new! Need In for Co. ration. world organization an “wise statesmen today not only agency that can aid in climination | © j ome pur geck outiselanidade of trade practices which cause inter-!vico of the industrial, commercial antl national friction, were movers in 8l gn,n.ial forces. and those forces can creation. They set afoot the move-, hardly expect that Drogress in res- ment that gave birth to the organiza- | toration will be as rapid as it shou tion by calling at Atlantic City, in be, unless they are prepared to offed 1919, the International Trade Confer- | their co-operation. ence. Their hope that it may bring| “Such co-operation can hardly bé closer international business co-0PeTa- | cfrective or useful unless it is orgen- tion comes from the belief that it i8 | iged. nma the suggestions offered By i to business and financial leaders that | (n. vommercla' interests are the pe the world must look to put its every-| quii of careful study znd a full rx- {day affairs in working order #EAIN.icnunce of views on the part of wx- | The new place the United States has |, rjcnced men of the different e n- attained in world trade has quickened !¢ i their interest in its success. | “Aside trom suggestion to ard so- Backed by Prominent Men. {operation with the governments it is Some of the country's best known 'clear that there is much that U business men are giving their active | business men and bankers of the lead- attention and support to the organi- |ing countries ma: do on their 0\2 . obstac to zation. Such men ax these are par-account (o remo | ticipating in itx affairs: Joseph H. De- | free flow of commerce, without w frees, president of the Chamber of [ing for the negotiations of statess Commerce of the United States: A. C.|men or the legislation of parliaments Bedford. chairman of the Standard;and congresses 01y Company of New Jersey: Harry! “Certainly, if the world's business | A. Wheeler, vice president of the | leaders have nothing to contribute to- | Union Trust Company | ward the solution of present problems Owen D. Young, vice pre; neral Electric Compan —if, beset as they arc on every id-g with discouraging and dishe: r(en‘nl John H. Fahey of Boston: Willis H.‘('undllin ., they are unable to con< Booth, vice president of the Guaranty | tribute by their thought and efforts Trust Company of New York: Wil-|towurd the application of remedies— the outlook for better conditions dur- ing the mext ten years is not particu- larly happy. liam Butterworth, president of Deere | & Co. of Moli Ul: Edward)| A. Filene, Boston merchant; James S. Alexander, president of the National Bank of Commorce, New York; E. A.| S. Clark, president of the Consolidat- ed Steel Corporation, New York: Robert Dollar of San Francisco, W. A. Harriman, New York; Alba B. John-! To Seek Practical Methods. “In the past, the commercial and finuncial organizations of the various countries nave given aid of urable value in dealing with disturbed 2o ‘han 80,000 Disabled Veterans Are Being Retrained to Be Self-Supporting| UPPOSING you woke up some gloomy morning to the realiza- tion ‘that you were physically handicapped from returning to You would then be face | rine who applies for vocational reha- | bilitation under the Federal Board for | Vocational Education is treated as a an needing advice and assistance. His choice of an occupation is ap- son, Philadelphia; Alexander Legg. |conditions and there can be no doubt Chicago: Dwight W. Morrow, New |of their ability to render stmilar serv- ! York; William . Redfield and|ice now. “The meeting at London, therefore, should be an occasion, for agreement among the representatives of world business on practical steps which may be taken to improve present comumer- cial conditions. “The meeting in Paris, in June of ilast year, when the foundation of the subjects 1o be considered are five in | international chamber was laid, was number. as follows: Finance. |r4|n.~'-zlar5\‘l.\' for purposes of organization { portation and communication, pro-!That it resulted in an agreement for duction, distribution, restoration of the creation of a permanent organiza- Charles M. Schwab. Mr. Bedford of the Standard Oil, is American vice president of the inter- national chamber. i The Americans have gone to London with certain definite suggestions to present to the conference regarding restoration of commerce. The main wis | found themselves. ! Blind men are learning to see and | read with 1s believed that speculation in busi-l, ;. v, hroperty would be abolished. nmess gradually will be reduced to |,/ g,iq; “Then we shall be right to face with the proposition of learn- ing a new vocation or getting a per- mit to sell shoestrings on the street ! corner. That is the position in which tens of thousands of disabled veterans Are they going to sell shoestrings 'Not as long as the federal board exlsts! The Federal Board for Vocational Training now has over $0,000 such men retraining for a new vocation. their fingers, deaf men learning lip reading, dumb men are acquiring the silent language. proved, unless, after careful investi- I mation, sound opinion shows it to be {in the end not advisable: he is traincd the most of his opportunity to over- come his handicap by taking the best {available instruction; he is assisted in ‘uocurlnz desirable permanent employ- ment when his training is completed. and he is followed up after he goes to work until it is assured that his lemployment is satisfactory. i Varlety in Methods of Training. given in a variety of vays. The federal board utilizes the Training i to meet the needs of the occupation! he has elected; he is urged to make | | railroad the devastated region. The Americans will offer suggestions for increasing production over the world. They will point the way to elimination of in- ternational practices that are hamper- ing the exchange of goods. One sug- gestion of the American railway group is that there be created a mammoth equipment pool to finance the sale of cquipment. Held Vitally Important. John H. Fahey of Boston, who is one of the American directors of the international chamber, declares the London meeting is one of the most tion, which unanimously ap- proved by all the countries participat- ing. was of itself a notable thing. “With the creation of a permanent headquarters for the International Chamber of Commerce, the organiza- 1 tion of 4 Staff of experts in connection therewith, as well as the co-operation of commissioners, representing each of the countries permanently attached to the headquarters, the business and | financial interests of the world now command for the first time a plece of ! machinery capable of rendering prac- | tical ass ce such as has never be- minimum, and that business will have to be conducted upon a more stable basis. @ Man engaged in business are by no means a unit in supporting such a plan. They see their opportunity for large profits vanishing with toe great publicity. For instance, the coal operators and merchants have pro tested vigorously against the Fre- linghuysen bills, and Senator linghuysen charged on the floor of the Senate that some of them desired to see unstable conditions continued 50 that their opportunities for undue profits might be maintained. The fight which the meat packers made sgainst the so-called packer bill, wtih its provisions for full publicity re- garding the meat packing business, 18 u matter of such recent history tnat it need hardly be referred to. Government May Go Farther. But the federal government is un- dertaking to guide and aid the people in other activities beside the busi- ness of accumulating dollars and cents in farming and other forms of industry, and the proposals contained in legislation pending in Congress jndicate that the government is ex- pected to go much farther even than it has already gone. For instance, there is the so-called maternity bill, under which the government under- takes to contribute money, in co-oper- ation with the states, to aid in the proper instruction of mothers and future mothers in the care of their children. The measure has the back- ing of many of the women of the country. Jt passed the Senate at last session of Congress, but failed 10 be acted upon in the House. It is now knocking at the door for an- other hearing in the Sepate. In this connection may be men-; tioned the so-called Fess amendment to the Smith-Hughes vocational edu- cational act to increase the amount which may be used teaching home economics to the women and girls of the country called upon to make and care for homes in this country. Un- der the Smith-Hughes act, which has been in operation since 1917, the fed- eral government contributes money which is covered by an equal sum in each state where it is used, to aid in the training of the people in agricui- ture, trade and industry. Home eco- nomics, or the science of homemak- Fre- | | where Mri Lenin and Mr. Trotsky have brought Kussia. and 1 do not think the® American people want that.” IAWAB.D LEPERS’ HOME WORK. The Treasury has awarded a contract for the building of additional accommo- dations at the National Home for Lep- ers, Carville, La., to the Nolan-Clifford Company of .Newport News, Va. The contract calls for the erection of seven cottages and some minor construction work, all of which will cost the govern- ment $68,833. Work is scheduled to start at once under the contract. Says German Manufacturers Can Undersell the World i CHARLES G. DU BOIS, - Fresident of the Wentern Electric Company, who returned recently from nix weeks of data-gathering in Eu- rope. He sald that the cost of German labor In tl metal-working .trades mcasured in dollars is about one-sixth of the cost here. i | been producers and independent of : | recent war as producers is saving the . | government millions of dollars Miners who were gassed and no longer able to work in the mines have been rehabilitated in a variety of vocations. Farmers whose dis- abilities prevented them from return- | ing to manual labor have been taught scientific farm management, fitting them for a better position than they held prior to their disability. ‘Without this rehabilitation they migit have been charses on the com. | feol SPPCLTIE B0 TG IO, munity, non-productive or dependent | opsted men, and those discharged or | on & government pension. With this i regerve. Disabled nurses and yeo- | retraining they are self-supporting. | men (female) are also included. productive factors in our economic| The purpose of the board is to re- life, independent and not pensioners. | habilitate men so that they can main- No man wants to be.a pensioner, and | tain themselves in employment as nor- the red-blooded Americans are coming | mal. workers on the basis of equal pay back Into their own a8 independent | for equal work. citizens and can demand equal pay| Tne board does not hesitate to make oreaal Works the statement that every man who has a major amputation, br an obvious disability, with whom it has come in contact, has been awarded vocational training. The board is ready to edu- cate or rehabilitate all cases of this character: In order to give the men training at i Money Well Spent. This practical edbcation in shops and factories may seem an expensive {one when we consider that all the {time the man is in training it is necessary to pay him maintenance {and support allowance. But a mo- {ment's reflection will dispell this|the earliest time, training centers ‘thought. Take the case of the civil [have been established in hospitals, war pensioners. Some of them have \where men who are sufficiently well i been drawing a pension ever since|are given instruction. This keeps the ithe first pension law was passed.|men occupied and active, which in it- They were entitled to it because they | self is of great benefit. { were unable to work. If those mén i had been retrained they would have Shaice 0" Qakpation. The board generally bases its re- habilitation program for the individ- ual upon his previous >occupational! history. If he is able to carry on in an occupation closely~allied to his in | previous one, it is the intention to future pensions, and it is preserving | give him training in that line. How- that independence which is typlcal of ; ever, there are cases who prefer nn‘ America. It has set an example for | entirely new vocation, and if the per-; the industrially disabled, and many |son has the aptitude for such an oc- states have adopted an industrial re- | cupation he is given training accord- habilitation policy along the lines |ingly. laid down by the federal board in the | Generally a man who was a me- rehabilitation .of disabled soldlers. - !chanic 'prior to his disability will Eligibllity for Retraining. | choose some mechanical line of work Those persons who have been sepa- | closely allied to his previous training. rated from the military or_ naval |He is encouraged to do this. forces of the United States under| A large percentage of men are re- honorable conditions since April 7,|ceiving training in agriculture and 1917, and have a disability that was|they are making a success of it. incurred, increased or aggravated, or | Those who left the farms to join the traceable to such services are eligi- | colors and became disabled are being ble for vocational rehabilitation. rehabilitated to carry on. At the The word “persons” includes thoge | Michigan Agticultural College there who were drafted, commisefoned of-'are 157 “federnl“board’ studnts " in ! the pension. { The present enlightened policy of | retraining. the disabled men of the SHOE SHOP, ALLEGHENY VOCATIONAL SCHOOL. training. They are being instructed in every feature of agriculture, dairy- ing. poultry raising, etc. Every board student at Lansing is making good. Pernonal Service to Men. To discover and bring under the care of the government the world war veteran, scarred. disabled and voca- tionglly handicapped, who is slowly succumbing to the exigencies of the times by a losing fight with penury added to ill health, is as much the job of the federal board as is its better known job of rehabilitating those who have come under its jurisdiction through regular channels. Getting in touch with the men who deserve rec- ognition and federal aid and getting their co-operation is a big problem in itself. Fear of impending cessation of other compensation, ignorance as to the aid the federal board offers and the bogey of being forced to go to school are reasons why the ex- service men at first avoided connec- tions with the federal board. They were slow to take up training be- cause, in the words of one of them: “We were afraid there was a string tied to it some place and as we were just getting accustomed to aur civilian Glothes. we didn't want to take on any more uniforms for awhile.” Andin the words of another: “Most of us best educational institutions of the {country—the special schools for the | education of the blind, de: d crip- nled. and the best technical, agricul- | ral, academnic and vocational schools and colleges. If a disabled | |man cannot attend the regular classes, 'fore existed. With this organization s {ut work for months in advance of the More elearly than ever before,” he | 0nd0n sessions there is every reason says, “it has come to the people every- .:}‘: ‘:‘:;(“:‘ ::‘:‘ ‘:‘:‘;’{"""‘ steps may where that the efficient and steady | pegeer o ard the: promotion. of eaaton of the worlds commerer | better world commercial conditions the greatest influence In all progress, ;"3 the establishment of some order and measures the degree of content. |n the Place of the chaox which now important ever held by the business land necds special traininz. the fed- erdl board makes special arrange- ments with the educational institu- tion involved, so0 that the man may receive the training he reauires. Placement training, or training “on the job." especially in those occupa- tions not yet regarded as being with- in the school or college fleld. is ziven in manufacturing establishments, in- Austrial shops, offices and on farms. In every case, however, the federal toard requires the instruction be adapted to the interest and needs of the disabled man, to be definitely planned for him as a learner, and to be arranged and approved. as well as to be inspected and supervised. by its agents. The length of training varies great- ly according to the ability, ambition and handicaps of the man, and to the skill and ‘knowledge required for present and future success in the work itself. ! On completion of training in the school or college a period of training directly on the job is given, if neces- sary, to enable the man to adapt him- self to the actual working conditions in the occupation for which he has been trained. As the official friend and adviser to the disabled man, the board keeps in touch with him, for such period after he enters employment as may be necessary to complete, in each ment and happiness which men may |* "' enjoy. i “This meeting of the bankers and.| business men of the leading countries | can have a greater stake in the In- of the world, therefore, to take up ternational Chamber of Commerce seriously the question of what they | than the United States. Every intelli- may do to hurry the process of recon. | gent business man in the country now struction. after two and onc-half years | understands if he failed to understand = before, that, with its present enor- mous capacity for production, the United States cannot hope for stabil- ity of business conditions, and a real foundation for domestic prosperity unless we are able to dispose regular- 1y of our surplus products. 5 “We are unable to do that today and our stocks of foodstuffs and raw ma- terials have accumulated to the point where it becomes necessary to limit production, while our factories by the thousand are wholly idle or working . on only part time because our former customers and the new buyers de- veloped during the past four years are unable to purchase. “We have been forced into world- wide commercial and financial activ- ity in fields where our understanding is limited. The confidence with which many of our business men undertook business abroad a few years ago has been shaken severely by the experi- ences of the last eighteen months, and _ we now see that there is much for us ' to learn in connection with world problems. nited States Hax Big Stake. “Certainly no country in the world Woman to Be President of First Assyrian Republic were afraid of the word ‘education| ingjyidual case, his re-establishment We hadn’t been to school for seven|gag 4 civilian worker. The board will or eight years and the realisation of! protect him against injustice or ex- how little we really knew robbed us| piojtation by the adjustment of dif- of confidence in our ability.” .| ficulties, and, if need be, by aiding It would have been simple for the ! phim through further training or board to gain the confidence of the|gsistance to secure other and more men if the government could have af-| gesirable employment in the same or forded a comprehensive educational|another occupation. campaign, aiming to reach the ear of ll-n-ll)l‘ Services. each ex-service man, explaining the aid it offered and the informal pro-| “Humanizing services” for the war cedure with the man himself. How-!maimed were demanded by the Presi- ever, there was no appropriation for|dent’'s committee on soldiers’ relief this phase of the work and every cent|agencies headed by Gen. Charles G. was needed for the practical running | Dawes and “humanizing services of the machine. As a matter of fact|will be the big part of the work in- the discharged soldier, sailor or ma. ~ (Continued on Third Page.) e e e e e e e e LADY SURMA, Whose election as the first woman president in the world is assured when the national parliament of the Asxyr- iaps is organized. Great Britain re- cently assigned a little territory, L prising 80,000 square milex in the mountainx of Kurdixtan, to the Axxyr- ian people. Lady Surma obtained this contession from the British vern- ment, having acted as ambassador at “We must make up our minds that we will learn, that we are ready to take steps to insure our prosperity at home, and that in fair competition with other countries of the world we are not afraid to take our part in ex- pansion abroad. 1f we are to do these things, however, it is obvious that there is no feature of the undertaking to which we may address ourselves with greater advantage than that of co-operation with the bankers and business men of other Zountries in straightening out the endless tangles ! which exist as a result of the war, and establishing that confidence which is absolutely essential to the movemers of trade” - - 25 2 e