Diario las Américas Newspaper, December 31, 1957, Page 12

inter - American News for English - Speaking people Sere Sth YEAR For a better wnderstending between the Americas ene nee eee RNS ASCE @ A SAN ROMAN President FRANCISCO AGUIRRE Vice President and Publisher Antonio Ruiz Managine Editor 5 Published daily except Monday — Entered as second class matter at the Post Office of Miam! Springs Fla. on February 8 1950. EDITORIAL INTERPENDENCE OF NATIONS IN MODERN LIFE LL When anyone wishes to minimize the importance of matters affecting international relations and politics, they try to exaggerate the convenience of giving close attention only to subjects relating to national affairs and problems of each country. if this idea is carefully analized, it is found that, be- cause of the close interdependence existing between all countries of the world, there are few problems which are | strictly national, that are not, in one way or another, subject It is, therefore, almost absurd to believe that questions of international type can be dis- carded, as if they were alien to the national activities of to international influence. each country. Gone forever are the times in which only the great powers played an important role in international relations, and when only they could harm or benefit any change in international polities. Now, in the light of modern realities, there is no country on Earth, be, that does not suffer:the consequences or shares in the benefits caused by any change in international relations. Keeping proportion, of course, with the capacity of each country, all those composing the community of States | have vital and more or less joint interests in international causes. At least there are groups of nations identified. by common characteristics and problems, in which any detail of that kind affects their stability, their prestige’ or their security. Government agencies which, due to their functions, have charge, directly or indirectly, of international rela- tions of each State, should be directed by elements capable of facing the daily problems which these relations incur, and should, naturally, receive the due support of the go- vernment in general in order their missions. In the American scope, among representatives to OAS and diplomatic missions to the White House, for example, delicate matters of international orientation and coordina- tion, arise, which demand high caliber in the persons who hold these posts and, we repeat, these persons, should be able to count on the support of their Foreign Offices and other agencies of their respective governments, in order to achieve, in the best possible way, the suecess which every- one desires. The interdependence of the States and the people is a fact which is imposed by modern life, and is something which everyone should squarely face. k wk k Latin American Firance and Trade News Reports RESTRICTIONS FOR CREDITS IN PERU WASHINGTO, D. C. — In con- trast to 1956, when the Central Re- serve Bank of Pert purchased ex- cess dollars in the exchange mar- ket and thus brought its reserves to U S $41.7 million by the end of the year, the Bank has found it Necessary in 1957 to sell $33.7 mil- lion of its reserves. In an effort to curtail imports and maintain exchange stability, the commercial banks have been instructed to exercise extreme re- straint in the granting of credits. December 31 has been set as the time limit for them to stais fy the legal reserve requirements, There are basic reserve requirements of 24 per cent for all demand de- posits and of 12 per cent for all time deposits, and supplementary ' requirements of 45 per cent for all deposits receiver between July 1, 1956 and February 28, 1957, and of 69 per cent for demand de- posits and 57 per cent for time deposits received after February 28, 1957. These requirements leave only a small margin for loans, and in view of the high interest paid on credit balances, some banks have abstained from seeking new deposits. There was a net decline of bank deposits in October, and commer- cial banks are having more fre- quent recourse to the Central Bank’s rediscount facilities, ARGENTINA SIGNS PAYMENT AGREEMENTS WASHINGTON, D, C. — Argen- tine recently signed commercial and payments agreements with Po- land, Hungary, and Czechoslovakia, replacing agreements previously signed in 1952, 1953 and 1955, re- spectively. The three. agreements are simi- ‘lar in nature but differ from the earlier agreements in that each reduces the amount of “swing” credit, the Poland agreement from $5 million to $3.5 million; the Hungary pact, from $5 to 3 mil- lion; and the pact with Czechos- Tovakia, from $6.4 million to $3 million, Accounts will be maintained in “agreement dollars,” but if the indebtedness of any country ex- Cc. W. SMITR Viee President 8. SMITR Vice President HORACIO AGUIRRE Vice President Editor and Manager Eliseo Riera-Gomez Advt. & Cire Mer. no matter how small it may to be better able to carry out cK cees at any time the limits set forth in the agreement, or if the agreement is terminated, immedi- ate settlement of outstanding bal- ances must be made in freely con- vertible dollars or some other mu- tually acceptable currency. As in the previous agreements, there is no obligation to exchange specific merchandise. The three European countries agree, howev- er, to extend all customary and appropriate facilities for financing Argentine purchases of capital goods to stimulate such purchases. Each agreement calls for the es- tablishment of a Mixed Commis- sion, to: meet when it is deemed necessary to assure satisfactory de- veiopnient of trade between the respective countries. The agreements, which became effective on November 5, are for one year and may be automatically renewed unless terminated by one of the parties. EDUCATION BUDGET NOT QUITE ENOUGH MEXICO CITY (UP)— Educa- tion Secretary José Angel Cenice- ros said ‘he increased budget for the Education Department in 19- 58 will not permit any significant expansion of the national educa- tional system oy “any extraordin- ary advance in the solution of the problem.” The recently approved Federal Budget allocates $92,254,400 for the Education Nepartment, an in- crease of more than ten million dollars over the 1957 allocation of ; $82,224,800 The allocation for educational purposes was the largest for any federal department with the ex- ceptions .Department, which re- ceived $131,080,000 for the con- struction and maintenance of roads, airoorts, postal services and railroads. The 1958 budget calls for ex- penses totalling $672,204,160 com- pared to $616,229,920 for 1957, Federal authorities have repeat- edly pointed out that: communica- tions and education are the two most important and urgent prob- lems facing the country and the largest amounts have been allocat- NEW YORK Dec. 28. (UP)— The U.S. reduced its coffee pur- chases by 100 million dollars in La- tin America in 1957, according to an end of the year statement made by Vito Sa, President of | the Panamerican Coffee Office. The U, S. bough, in effect, some | 1.200 million dollars worth. of un- toasted coffee from the coffee Know thy Neighbor By ANTONIO RUIZ MIAMI SPRINGS, FLA., TUE! AY, DECEMBER 31, 1957 Latin American Coffee Sales to U.S. Decreased by $100 Million in 1957, | producing countries of the W. | Hemisphere, against 1.300 millions | in 1956. The reduction represents |a 4.6 per cent decrease, | On a weight basis the reduction | is even greater |per cent. In 1957 the U.S. im- | ported, from Latin America, 17.- 400.000 sacks of 132 pounds each, against 18.600.000 sacks in 1956. The total of U.S. coffee imports (from ali of the world), reached 1,300 million dollars in 1957, a 1.400 million in 1956, As it is weli known, the U.S. is the largest consumer of coffee in the world. Its eonsumation rep- presents 55 per cent of world con- sumation. The U.S. bought 85 per cent of its coffee in Latin Ameri- ca, “With this historical commercial HAITI — The twelve-year strug- gle for independence in Haiti, from the initiai slave uprising in| 1791 to the French capitulation in | 1803, took place during a period) when conflict involving most Eu-| ropean powers extended to the) Caribbean from Eastern Europe. | Franee fought wars against most of the powers uf Europe from 1792 until 1802 Hostilities broke out between the United States and France between 1798 and 1800. A separate Franco-British war was | started early in 1803 and was’ not concluded unti! after Haiti had won its independence. The slaves of Haiti revolted in| August, 1791 and for a short time | controled the colony. The French | garrisons and the planters were able to put down the rebellion, however, and wholesale reprisals followed. Toussaint Louverture, a slave who learned to read and was later to lead his people in organiz- ed resistance, did not take part in the first uprising, but remained at the plantation of his owners to protect both their property and their lives The savagery of the planters’ reprisals provoked furth- er rebellion and Toussaint with an estimated 6,000 followers left the plantation and sought shelter in| the mountains. For the next six years Napoleon was busy in Europe, and Toussaint established his rule in Haiti. In 1802, however, Napoleon settled his final differences with the Eu- Topean powers and was free to turn his attention to Haiti. Two years earlier Napoleon had wrest- ed the territory of Louisiana from the Spanish. His plan for a West- ern Hemisphere empire required that he contro: both Haiti and Louisiana and that they be manag- ed to complement each other.. Re- venues from sugar, coffee, rum and molasses of Haiti had made the colony the richest among the French possessions at the end of the 18th. century, but it could not produce food for its own use while producing for export. The food products vf the French-con- trolled Louisiana were needed to feed Haiti and to free it from de- pendence upon the United States. General Le Clere, Napoleon’s brother-in-law, landed in Haiti on February. 1802 with a force of 25,000 troops and 70 warships with which to destroy Toussaint and reinstate full French control of the colony. After a series of bit- er battles, Toussaint was captured by treachery and sent back to the prison of Fort Joux in France, where he died in 1803. Christophe, Dessalines and Pe- tion, who had been generals in Le Clere’s army, revolted in October, 1802, and took their troops with them. Dessalines assumed control of Haitian forces. Meanwhile, the bitter resistance of the Haitians and an epidemic of yellow fever had decimated the French forces. Le Clere died of yellow fever a few weeks later. Rochambeau was sent to replace him. The Frenca were also having difficult supply problems. United | States merchants refused to sell to them without payment in cash, but offered unlimited supplies to the Haitians in return for the products of the island, United States ships were able to carry on a brisk trade with ports under Dessalines’ control, but French ships for Ro- chambeau were intercepted by United States . forces. Napoleon then decided to liquidate his West- ern Hemisphere possessions; The United States had been pressing for the sale of the city of New. Orleans for several months, but negotiations had made little progress. Sudenly, early in 1803 could not regain. control of Haiti, Napoleon offered to sell the entire Louisiana territory. The agreement was signed on April 36, 1803. Ro- chambeau agreed to surrender a few months larer, and Dessalines and 36 other Haitian officers de- after it had become clear that he | pattern, the U.S. bought the bulk | of its green coffee in Latin Ameri- | ca and Latin America, on the other | | hand, bought a great variety of in- dustrial and agricultural products trom the U.S. —says Sa— has es- |tablished and maintained a grow- ing commercial importance, in both ways, for the Wester Hemisphere. It is mutally beneficial for the coffee producing countries, whose economies depend so much on coffee, and for the U.S. who finds and expanding market in Latin America” Among the producing countries | Brazil, the largest in the world, contributed 14.700.000 sacks, or 40 per cent, to the world market in 1957. Colombia, with five million sacks, took second place. The other Latin American countries totaled 7 million sacks, or 23 per cent of world export, says the Panameri- ean Coffee Office, |PAN AMERICAN UNION HAS MEXICAN HOTEL DIRECTORY AVAILABLE WASHINGTON, D. C. (PAU) — If it’s México you’re headed for, you can obtain the latest word on hotel accomodations there from the Pan American Union. A new directory of hotels and motels located in 72 Mexican cities and towns in addition to México City published by PAU also lists the local street address of each hostelry and its size, Rates for rooms and the type of accommodation offered — Ameri- can or European plan — are al- so included in the directory’s list- ings. Prices for single or double occupancy are quoted in Mexican pesos, At the current rate of ex- change 12.500 pesos is the equiva- lent of $1.00. * Directory of Hotels — México,” may be obtained for 10 cents by writing the Publications Division, Pan American Union, Washington, 6, D.C. Ambassadors to México Present Credentials MéXICO (UP) —The new Am- bassadors’ of Haiti and Venezuela presented their credentials to Pre- sident Adolfo Ruiz Cortines. The Venezuelan, Honorio Sigala and the Haitian, Jean Pierre Au- dain, attended the usual ‘ce- remony in the Government Pa- lace, and later paid homage at the Monument of the Heroes in this city. HEMISPHERIC EVENTS ARGENTINA DEDICATES NEW WATERWORKS BUENOS AIRES, (UP)— Top | governntent officials presided | over the dedication of an ambi- tious $4 million waterworks de- signed to solve the water short- age in the southern suburbs of Buenos Aires, Starting at 5 p. m. rivers of fresh drinking water, running through tunnels underneath the city, began to be pumped into a skyscraping building in the heart of the capital. Fresh water trom the huge Pa- lermo Waterworks is brought in specially constructed tunnels and pumped by batteries of electric pumps into what appears to be an imposing office shyscraper co- vering a whole city block but in reality is a series of water tanks. From there, the water is dis- tributed to the farthest suburbs clared Haiti’s independence on ed in recent budgets for these two departments, 4 January 1, 1804 Spanish Version Page 3 through the higher pressure. The 180-foot high tank building alone represents a $2 million ex- as it reaches 6.5/ Conference of Journalists. in Central America, Lafe in January SAN SALVADOR (UP)—Gui- llermo Trabanino, Secretary Ge- neral of the Organization of Central American States (OCAS) announced that, with (OCAS) patronage, a conference of Cen- tral American newspapermen will | held at the end for January. | He explained that the “round table will last for three days and will have the objective of inten- sifying the propaganda of the Central American. countries” and that OCAS will cover the expenses of the. delegates of each country, He also announced the crea- ation of the Central American Information Office, which was included in the OCAS consti- tution, and which will act in- dependently. MEXICAN UNIVERSITY | RECTOR GETS AWARD MEXICO (UP)— Dr, Nabor Ca- trillo Flores, Rector of the Uni- versity of México, received, from the President of México, Adolfo Ruiz Cortines, the National Scien- ces Award. In a special ceremony held in the National Palace, the President congratulated Dr. Carrillo Flores for his scientific successes and for his work at the head of the Na- tional University. The rector enjoys well deserved fame for his studies and writings on elasto-plasticity. He received his Doctorate in Harvard Univer: sity in 1942, and has frequently made trips there to give confer- ences. In 1946 he represented México at the United Nations Atomic Energy Commission. He has held the post as Rector of the Universi- s From the Radar of the Andes Grave Situation in Guatemala Very seldom America has faced such an internal danger, as the one it is facing now as a cons- equence of the assassination of Guatemalan President Carlos Castillo Armas. a misterious crime which has Involved Gua- temala, and with her all of America, in a very serious ideological situation, Communism has advanced once more in our hemisphere, with the opening of a brilliant opportunity in Guatemala, and in a masterful way is taking advantage of the electoral picture:..1) General Miguel Ydigoras Fuentes, who repre sents the extreme right. 2) Mario Méndez. Montenegro, who has around him the left of Gua- temala and America. 3) Colonel José Luis Cruz Salazar, who represents a center which is is trying to defeat the extreme forces which, no doubt,. would ruin the country. The decision to be taken on January 19, must not be left to chance. To this solution must contribute all those who are conscious ‘of the fact that defeat of the center means to put the clock back to sad and black hours, The case of Guatemala assumes once more, as in 1954, conti- nental scope. Democracy, ‘to be ty of México since 1952. Movie of Life of Rubén Dario to be Filmed Soon MANAGUA (UP) — A movie of the life ‘of Rubén Dario will be made in color, portayed by Nicaraguan and Argentine actors. Filming will start next January in Argentina, and will later con- tinue in Nicaragua, Chile, France, and Spain. Lautaru Murua will have the role of Dario, and the main fe- menine figure will be portrayed by Fanny Navarro, The story is by Domingo Rizzo Baratta, ex-Secretary of the Ar- gentine Embassy in Managua, and the Director will be Edgard Togni. U. S$. TO ATTEND FAIR IN BOGOTA WASHINGTON (UP)— Bogoté is counted among 18 cities of the world where, in 1958, there will International commercial fairs, in | which the U.S. will be represented. The others will be held in Europe and Asia. The announcement says thet the U.S. will participate with samples of products and goods of U. S. manufacture because, in the opi- nion of the Director of this De- partment, Harrison T. McClung, maintained, must be dynamic, because to permit that with the use of its own mechanism (in this case the vote) regimes which have as an objective to exterminate it may be establish- ed, would be suicidal “inertia, Extremist forces set their pat- tern, organize, work and struggle, while the forces of the center, those who maintain the balance, very seldom engage in crusades ‘at’ the same level of those who are trying to destroy it. In the hands of the anti- communists of America is the decision on the destiny of Gua- temalan democracy on January 19, 1958, Mexican Youths in U. S. Ranch Visit MALIBU, CALIFORNIA . (UP) —Three Méxican youths started a four week vacation at the “Ca- lamigos Star C Ranch” according to a US.Mexican plan for inter- national cooperation. The three, Leopoldo Onofre, 12, Nacho Bonilla 12, and Gilberto de la Rosa Pérez, ‘11, all from the Federal District of México, arrived in Los Angeles to pass a month’s vacations together with other US. youths in this southern California site The visit of the Méxican youths is a part of an_ internationally sponsored plan by the Ranch, which has the cooperation of the U.S. Méxican Chamber of Com- merce, of the Méxican Minister. of “the products of free industry are the best sellers of the free company penditure. The tunnels, running 180 feet below the surface, cost at least another $2 million. The project was named after civil engineer Antonio Paitovi, a leading figure in the history of Argentine sanitation projects, BRAZIL TO PROTECT LOCAL MUSICIANS RIO DE JANEIRO, (UP)— A. bill designed to protect Brazilian musicians from foreign competi- tion is before the Brazilian Con- gress. It provides, among other things, that for .every long-playing re- cord of foreign music put on the local market, a long-playing re- cord of Brazilian music must also be produced. The independent progressive newspaper O Globo said the bill would deal a “mortal blow to our record industry, now in the ex- pansion stage. “To begin with,” the newspaper Education, and the U.S.-Méxican Institute of Cultural Relations, Latin American News in Brief Almost any record maker, on con- sidering that he would have to produce simultaneously three or four LPS of Brazilian music in order to market a version of any one of Beethoven’s, nine sympho- nies, would simply give up.” PERU INCREASES CENSORSHIP BOARD LIMA, Peru (UP)— An execu- tive decree has increased from nine to 13 the membership of the ae of Motion Picture Censor- ship. The four new members include a psychiatrist, a psychologist, and a Roman Catholic priest. The decree gave the enlarged board 30 days to prepare a set of rules governing the exhibitions of motion. pictures Other board members include a Judge of the Lima Superior Court of Justice, a' representative from each the interior and foreign rela- tions ministries, two motion pic- added,“this means practically the extinction of classic music LPS. | ed ture Be iis mtatives elect stibtin itiors and one - THE AMERIBAS DAILY HAVANA (Special to THE AMERICAS DAILY)—Six men were killed in Santiago de Cuba |during an attack on the Vice: Secretary General of the Maritime Federation and the Secretary Ge- neral of the Eastern Maritime Fe- |deration, Felipe Navea Aramba- tri, According to reports from Santiago, Felipe Navea was at ho- me. and unidentified persons en- tered, shot him several times, and left him dead in his own dinning room. The attackers then es- caped, but were followed by one of Navea’s sons who was shot, but not seriously wounded. The Cuban Workers Federation said that Navea had been attacked by five men ‘and‘that they had later died Tt said that after attacking Navea the men escaped and were followed by Navea’s son, but that he could not catch up with them It was then reported to the son and other fellow work- ers of Navea that the men had taken refuge in the Santiago de Cuba Maritime Union © Workers Building. were surrounded, and a new shooting took nlace, with the results. of the death of. the five men. who had attacked: Navea. “It was..also- said that two of the dead men were members of the 26th of July Movement and the other three were communists. The names of the attackers were not made known but that one of the men, before he died, told of how the attack had been planned. Havana labo~ leaders left for Santiago to attend the funeral of | Navea, Eusebio Mujal, Secretary General of the Cuban Workers Confederation, stated that Navea had died because of his struggle against. the communists and that one of the attackers had died after another, who was wounded, had accused him of being a com- munist, Oil Restrictions Ma CARACAS, Dec, 30 (UP)—The Venezuelan Foreign Minister, Jo- sé Loreto Arismendi, told the U.P: that the -protective measures which favor a sector of -U. S. in- dustry are considered by: Vene- zuela as harmful to the good co- mmercial relations between the two. countries, The Minister made this state- ment upon his return from a Ca- binet meeting at Miraflores Pa- lace, with the President, General Marcos Pérez Jimenez. ‘When he returned to his office, he said that conversations bet- ween the Ministers of Develop- ment, Mines and Hydrocarbons, will continue, as well as the necessary studies about what will be definitely resolved When asked how the restrictive measures on crude imports, ‘or- dered by the U.S. government will affect Venezuela he said that: ‘I can tell you that the res- trictions requested by the U.S. government for oil imports in the elected by the distributors, and a Lima City councilman. PUERTO RICO APPOITS NEW BANK PRESIDENT SAN JUAN, P. R. (UP)— Ra- fael Pico, 45 was named President of the Government Development Bank, effective Jan. 1. The post pays $18,000 a year, or $4,400 more than Pico was making as Treasury Secretary for Puerto San Pico succeeds Guillermo Rodr! guez who resigned to become Pre- sident of the Caribbean Refining Co. Treasury Undersecretary David Rodriguez was named Acting Se: | eretary. =| Prior to his appointment as Rico, | in + Member Inter American: Riau Association _ For Liberty, Culture and Hemispheric Solidarity NUMBER 150. Labor Leader Murdered at Home in Cuba; Assailants Killed in Shooting Later eines |SECRETARY OF ORIENTE’S MARITIME UNION SHOT TO DEATH AT HIS HOME BATISTA BELIEVED FIRMLY IN POWER HAVANA, Dec. 30 (UP)— At the beginning of the new year; President Fulgencio Batista con- tinues firmly in power after 13 months of intermitent internal fighting. The government has lost much popularity in the publie eye, but at the same time, has maintained its military power. Different potls show that po- pular discontent with Batista’s go- vernment is increasing, but thanks to the prosperity in business and the constant support and loyalty | of the Armed Forces, material and political opposition has been kspe at a minimun level. The most serious threat to the, present government’s ability te remain in powe~ occured last Sep~ tember when around 150 mem: bers of the Cienfuegos Naval Ga- trison, which is located on the southern coast, rebeled and join- ed some’ 200 ‘citizens in attaking the governnient forces in this city, but the uprising was quelled in 24 hours: with 4 death toll of from. 200 to 300 on both sides, The Cienfuegos uprising was impor- tant in that it represented an in- vestment of around 2 million de- llars on the pari of the opposition during two years, and should haye. extended to all Naval forces, ag. well as ‘some Army and National. Police units. The uprising failed mainly be cause of the vigilance of a se curity officer. in the Naval Ge neral Headquarters, who advised his superior officers of the pre: sence, in the building. of several high officers whom he considered. did not have proper authorization for being there at that time. y Harm Good U. S. Venezuelan Relations, Minister Says fifth District will effect, in one. way or another, the interests of Venezuela, as well as other frien+ ly. countries to the U.S. and this happens exactly when the coo- peration’ and solidarity between the nations of the free. world is most necessary,” The Minister spoke briefly about the “U.S. protective méasu- res” and added: “A part from the harm which these restrictions could cause to the oil industry of Venezuela, the- se measures favor a sector of U: S. industry and we consider them as harmful for ‘good commercial relations between the two coum tries.” He also added that, when these U. S. restrictions were applied..to Venezuelan oil, this would “ogi cally obligé ‘us’ to revise our foreign. economic policies.” ~ “Our government, as it did ‘re- garding the restrictions on dis- triets four and once, will express the same opinion as it had pe fore, to the U.S.” The Minister said that, due to the importance of the matter, the Ministers ‘will continue to con: sider it in all of its aspects, since the people of Venezuela will want to know, exactly, what will be the decrease of imports in oil, the economic repercussions which it may have, and, finally what measures. must be adopted to settle the matter.” pha A spokesman for Creole Petro» leum Co., Venezuela’s largest pro- ducer, with about 40 per cent of the total, said he foresaw no ma- jor repercussions locally because the West Coast was not a major buyer. He explained that Creole’s sole customer‘in California takes about 60,000 barrels daily and that this was expected to continue. * “Creole does not agree with idea of restricting Venezuela’s rts in United prea but ese jvoluntary..means are alw: th rable to an arbitrary peel ton program on the Government's part”, the spokesman said. * Other petroleum industry sour- ces said new small producers wéte likely-te-feel most of the damage since they had hoped to obtain Treasury Secretary last year, Pico served 13 years as President of the oe 123 Puerto Rican planning board, a where post in which he played a leading regular West Coast role in Puerto Rico’s successful|the the “operation bootstrap” by attract: | castes ee to find foothold, in. West Coast; “en also mentioned ‘of later repercus “Mid-West. and the i Ps ae