Diario las Américas Newspaper, April 10, 1957, Page 10

Inter - American News for English - Speaking people ath YEAR @. A. SAN ROMAN President ANCISCO AGUIRRE vice President and Publisher Antonio Ruiz Managing Editor Cc. W. SMITH Vice President 8. SMITE Vice President HORACIO AGUIRRE Vice President. Editor and Manager Fred M. Shaver Business Manager Eliseo Riera-Gémez Advt. & Circ. Mgr. Published daily except Monday — Entered as second class matter at the Post Office of Miami Springs. Fla.. on February 8, 1956. EDITORIAL a PAN AMERICAN WEEK With understandable enthusiasm the twenty one countries constituting the oldest regional system in the world are celebrating Pan American Week, which will end on April 14, the Day of the Americas. Here, in the United States, this year Pan Amer- ican Week has been invested with great solemnity in all the States of the Union, in particular those in which there are closer bonds with Inter American life. As it is well known, the delegates of the twenty- one republics composing the Organization of Amer- ican States‘are now in California, holding a special session. Above the significance that in itself the session has, is the transcendence of the gesture of California in inviting the OAS’ Council to officially visit the cities of San Francisco and Los Angeles. Evidently, the presence of the ambassadors is lending particular importance to the civic festivities in California, and from that State of the Union they are pointing out to the other states the significance of this week dedicated to Pan Americanism, stress the great values of Of great importance is the fact that this theme is getting the publicity it deserves among the people, because it is indispensable, for the triumph of the Inter American : System, to have the support of the people of all the nations, of private agencies and of all persons of good will who are willing to lend moral prestige to genuine Pan Americanism. The Pan American Union, as Secretariat of the Organization of American States, is engaged, precisely, in that campaign of popularization of the meaning of the Pan Americanist ideal and the insti- tutions that ideal has created. THE AMERICAS DAILY, which dedicates its activities to the sincere service of the relations between the twenty one countries united under the Inter-American System, stresses today, once more, the necessity of paying testimony of respect and admiration to that which is the essence of that System and to those who, since 1826, are devout and enthusiast promoters of the genial thoughts of Simon Bolivar, that illustrious hero who conceived and encouraged the idea of continental solidarity. LETTERS TO THE EDITOR Trade Among Latin American Nations Mr. Nestor Morales, well- known Latin American attorney of this city, has addressed an in- teresting letter to our Editor, Dr. Horacio Aguirre, commenting on the need of trade develop- ment among the Latin American nations. Mr. Morales’ letter says: “Dear Dr. Aguirre: I read with a great deal of in- terest in your paper today that the United Nations Economic Commis- sion for Latin América, known as CEPAL, will hold its seventh con- ference at La Paz, Bolivia, from May 15th to May 29th. I also notice that the executive secretariat is expected to submit important reports on current eco- nomic conditions in Latin Ameri- ca. One of the worst features of Latin economic trade is that trade between the Latin American na- tions themselves is very limited. In the period between 1946 and 1953 only 9 per cent of the ex- ports of Latin America went to sister Latin American nations; for the same period of time only 12 per cent of the imports of Latin America were from sistem Latin American nations. From this it is apparent that ‘the trade among the Latin American countries re- quires development. 90 per cent of this limited inter- change was transacted between six of the republics, Argentina, Chile, Brasil, Uruguay, Bolivia and Pa- raguay. The remaining 10 per cent represents trade between México, Central America and the Antilles. Interchange of trade between the southern and northern Latin Ame rican countries has been practical- ly non-existent and even in the areas which have international trade activity there has been a tendency to shrink instead of to ex- pand. Thus México which, between 1946 and 1951, sold about 6.7 per éent of her export to other Latin nations, last year dropped to an even smaller percentage of busi- ness. Since the Latin American coun- tries trade so little with each other they constitute a very small market for each other’s industry. Industry with a limited market suffers a great handicap. This problem should be one of the very first on the agenda of the Economie Commission. Cordially yours, (signed) NESTOR MORALES Colombian Conservatives, Liberals Proclaim Valencia as Candidate BOGOTA, April 9 (UP)— The Liberal and Conservative parties, which are opposed to President Gustavo Rojas Pinilla re-election, nominated Guillermo Leén Valen- cia, a conservative, as their presi- dential candidate. The joint communiqué is signed by Alberto Lleras Camargo, lead- ‘er of Liberalism and the National _ Conservative Directory. Valencia accepted the candidacy in a letter delivered to the leaders of the two parties, in which he 8: “The trust and honor bestowed on me will be reciprocated even with the sacrifice of my own life, if necessary.” In the acceptance letter, Valen- cia asks the government to convoke | Sfpopular elections, clean from | fraud and free of violence,” claim made also by the Directories of the two parties, in their declaration, in which they affirm: “The preposterous undertaking of giving 2 false title to the abusive pretention of prolonging the pre- sidency of the present Head of the State, holds no validity for us.” The Conservative and Liberal Di- rectories revealed that they had in- tended to proclaim Valencia’s pre- sidential candidacy at Medellin; but they added this was impossible “for the circumstance that the gov- ernment would have impeded, by means of its Intelligence Service agents, the Director of Liberalism and ‘his companions and a numer- ous group of Conservative leaders from, the eapital, to travel to that city.” For a better understanding between the Americas MIAMI SPRINGS, FLA., WEDNESDAY, APRIL 10, 1957 KNOW THY NEIGHBOR By ANTONIO RUIZ COLOMBIA — Boyacé is the se- cond of the departments (states) of Colombia in area and the sixth in population. Located almost in the center of the country, high cold regions predominate in the west central region; to the west, and along the Magdalena River, there are warm lowlands and also to the East, in the Province of Ca- sanare, which is part of the great Colombian Plains. The snow caped peak, of Chita or Citicén is one of the highest in the country, reaching an altitude of 18,021 feet. In addition to the Magdalena River, Boyaca has the Suarez and Chicamocha rivers, as well as the Meta with its many tri- butaries. Near Sogamoso are the great iron ore deposits and steel works of Paz de Rio, the largest steel producing plant in the coun- try. Agriculture, however, is still ment. Plantations around 45 of its towns produce over 40,000 coffee bags per year. With an area of 26,200 square miles, the Department of Boyacd has a population estimated in 833,- 240. Tunja, the capital, has a popu- lation estimated in 50,000. It is a colonial city of great attractions, especially its colonial buildings and churches, which are among the best in Latin America. Tunja was found- ed on August 6, 1539, and has the same coat of arms as Castilla and Leon, Spanish Provinces, granted by Emperor Charles V in 1541, About 11 miles from the city is the field in which the Battle of Boya- cA was fought, resulting in complete defeat for the powerful Spanish forces, and sealing complete in- dependence for Colombia. It took place on August 7, 1810. The town of Chiquinquira, with a population of 25,000, is famous throughout the Catholic world, es- pecially in Latin America, because it contains the shrine of the Vir- gin of Chiquinquiri, crowned many years ago as Queen of Colombia. Every year there are celebrations in which faithful from all over the country, and some from abroad go to the city in pilgrimages which some times number hundreds of thousands of persons. Many mira- cles are attributed to the Virgin of Chiquinquira. Other important cities in the De- partment of Boyaca are: Santa Ro- sa, with a population of 16,800, also known for its colonial build- ings and baroque architecture; Dui- tama, 23,000, famous for the de- licious apples grown in the sur- rounding territory; Soat4, 17,000, famous for the dates grown there; Paipa, 14,000, famous for its therm- al springs; Muzo, 5,000 famous all over the world for the production of the finest emeralds offered in the world’s markets, and Soga- moso, 35,000, famous for its legen- dary Temple ofthe Sun, which at: tracts many tourists. There are two important lakes in the Department of Boyaca: Tota Lake, eight miles long and five miles wide, located in the vicinity of Sogamoso, offers excellent trout fishing and swimming, and Fuquene Lake, 16 miles from Chi- quinquira, visited by thoursands of tourists. They are connect- ed to the principal cities of the country by railroad and excellent highways. Spanish Version Page 3 U. S. OPPOSES INTERNATIONAL COFFEE AGENCY WASHINGTON (UP)— The United States expressed opposition to an international ageement for fixing the prices of coffee. There was also U. S. opposition to the establishment of an international agency dedicated to promote great- er consumption of coffee in the world. The U. S. opposition to the two proyects was expressen during a meeting of the sub-committee on coffee of the Organization of Ame- rican States, The sub-committee is formed by representatives of Colombia, Nica- ragua, El Salvador and the Unit- ed States. Last month it submitted a report on the project for an in- ternational agreement on coffee, with the purpose of “reducing the scope of fluctuations in the price of coffee.” The report on the project for establishment of an international agency to promote coffee sales was submitted in yesterday’s meeting. The sub-committee decided to send the two reports to the Inter American Economic and Social Council and thus ended its study on the coffee situation. The two reports must be sent to the governments of the 21 coun- tries members of OAS, but before they must be approved by the In- ter American Economic and Social ‘Council and OAS Council. the basic industry of the depart- | ECUADOREAN ne —(Photo AMERICAS DAILY by Interventio LIMA, April 8 (UP)— The opening of the Third -Congress Against Soviet Intervention in Lat- in America will take place tomor- row night with assistance of Deleg- ations from, all the countries of America and other parts of the world. The Brazilian and Bolivian De- legations are already here. Ad- miral Carlos Penna Botto, who is also President of the Inter Ameri- can Federation for the Continent’s Defense, presides the Brazilian De- legation. The Bolivian Delegation is form- ed by Ratil Peldéez, Anibal Aguilar Penarrieta and Luis Alberto Lipas. Numerous Peruvian unions leaders will also attend the Congress. At a Press conference, Admiral Strange Cuban Fish Killed by Explosion HAVANA, April 9 —(Special to THE AMERICAS DAILY)—Work- ers engaged in the work of the tun- nel under Havana’s bay, pulled out of the waters, from a barge in which they were working, a strange fish, weighing about 1200 pounds, seemingly killed by the explosion of one of the charges used to make perforations. The fish is unknown in these waters and its specie could CORDIAL WELCOME was accorded to twer Congress Against Soviet America Opening in Lima DELEGATES FROM AMERICAN COUNTRIES ARRIVE IN PERU FOR MEETING TODAY STUDENTS ARRIVE Gort) nin Latin Carlos Penna Botto said that “the free world must assume an imme- diate offensive against the Soviet government.” He added that the of- fensive must be moral and material “and military, if necessary, for the liquidation of the soviet system.” He reported that the Soviet threat is latent in Brazil, “country in which, notwithstanding the illegali- ty of the Communist Party, the communists publish forty papers, some of them printed in red ink. The communists not only publish newspapers and brochures, but, in- elusive, mint bronze coins and print bills with the effigies of Luis Car- los Prestes, hero Joaquin Xavier, alias “Teethpuller,” and the scythe and hammer, According to Penna Botto re- ports, ofthe 58 millions inhabitants in Brazil, there are 130,000 affiliat- ed to the Communist Party and 650,000 simpathizers. “This force of 780,000 persons — he said — con- stitutes an element of disorder and subversion which menaces the de- mocratic institutions of the coun- try, for which reason the causes favoring the advancement of com- munism should be eliminated.” Ac- cording to what Admiral Penna Botto said, among the factors con- tributing to the development of the Marxist doctrines are: hunger, poverty, bad administration and, above all, the subversive activities not be determined. of the Soviet agents in Latin Ame- rica. HEMISPHERIC EVENTS | Latin American News in Brief THREE BRACEROS KILLED IN CRASH MAZATLAN, México (UP)— A bus jammed with U. S. bound bra- ceros crashed head-on with a truck loded with freshly harvested toma- toes. Three men were killed ins- tantly and 10 others injured. The collision occurred on the main ‘highway between here and Culiacdn, state capital of Sinaloa, where-the injured were hospitaliz- ed. The braceros — contracted field hands from Durango — were en route to the border city of Nogales, ae truck was headed toward Culia- can, CHEMICAL FACTORY MEXICO CITY (UP)— Plans are underway for the construction of a $2,000,000 chemical factory to uti- lize the waste of the henequén plant in the drug industry. ‘Official os Snytex, C, A., said their chemists have discovered that necogentira, the waste of the he- nequén plant, is a complex drug that can be used in hormone syn- thesis. Officials said the factory will be located in the Peninsula of Yucatan where most of México’s production of henequén comes from, ASK FOR ECONOMIC TECHNICAL AID ~ WASHINGTON (UP)— J. Pe- ter Grace, President of W. R. Grace and Co, has urged continuation of present United States economic and technical aid programs in Lat- in America, declaring that they were probably more effective than those anywhere else in the world. Grace, whbse corporation has extensive interests in Latin Ame- rica, testified before a special Sena- te committee studying the U. S. foreign aid program. Grace said “a businessman looks at an investment in the light of the return it produces plus its fu- ture benefits. On both counts the American taxpayer is getting a good return on our investment in mututal aid.” And, Grace said, “in Latin Ame- rica I believe we are getting more for our money than in any other parts of the world.” COLOMBIA FREEZES ADVERTISING RATES BOGOTA, Colombia (UP) — Newspaper advertising rates have been frozen by the Government of President Gustavo Rojas Pinilla. According to an announcement Loublished in the Government's —— FOR U. $. A. TOUR mty Ecuadorean University students upon their arrival at Miami International Airport, for a one month tour of several U. S. universities. From left to right are: Carlos Darquea, Secretary of the Fulbright Committee in Quito, who is in charge of the group and acts as their interpreter; Mr. Walter Walters, in charge of the Miami office of the Department of State, which sponsors the tour; Owen Freed, Assistant Director, U. M. Law School, and Sydney Maynard, Assistant to the President, both greeting the students as representatives of the University of Miami. Gonzalez Hopes For Positive Results at Presidential Meeting WASHINGTON, April 9 (UP)— The Venezuelan Ambassador in this capital, César Gonzalez, expressed his confidence that the Inter Ame- rican Presidential Representatives Committee’ will make “positive” propositions in the fields of Public Health, Agriculture and Industry. Ambassador Gonzalez is Presi- dent of the Subcommittee of the Organism, which studied’ the same subjects in preparation of the fin- al meeting which the Committee will hold with this purpose, here, on the 29th of the present month, Gonzalez declared to the United Press that, among the subjects which are awaiting the Committee decisions, figures his government plan regarding an Inter American Member Inter American Press Association @ For Liberty, Culture and Hemispheric Solidarity SAN FRANCISCO, April 9 (UP) — The Ambassador of Nicaragua to the Organization of American States (OAS), Guillermo Sevilla Sa- casa, affirmed that international communism is conspiring with the aim of grabbing control of the Lat- in American governments in the Caribbean zone. During a press conference, Am- basador Sevilla Sacasa_ said: “I am sure that the murder of Presi- dent Anastasio Somoza, of Nicara- gua, was related to the internation- al communist plot.” Sevilla Sacasa is one of the dip- Jomats from the Americas who are nolding a conference here with the purpose of discussing military se- curity and preservation of peace in the Western Hemisphere. This is the first OAS meeting held in a West Coast city of the United States, and is connected with the celebration of Pan American Week. The Nicaraguan Ambassador said that the first objective of the communists, in their conspiracy is to grab control of a government. For that reason, he’ said, they eli- minate through murder the anti | communist opposition. The second step, he pointed out, is to control labor unions and other organizations. “The agents of international communism are active, are intelli- gent and they have a lot of money,” he added. ‘ COMMUNISM WILL BE ALWAYS A THREAT Sevilla Sacasa was supported by Col. José Luis Cruz Salazar, Gua- temalan Ambassador to OAS, as well as its Vice President. “I believe communism will al- ways be a threat to any free coun- try. I speak from experience,” Cruz Salazar said. Asked about the best way to combat.communism, Col. Cruz Sa- lazar replied that through improve- ment of education and economic conditions of the countries, Fund. Ambassador Gonzdlez made his comments about the progress. of the Inter American studies shortly after having made a courtesy, visit to Christian Herter, Undersecret- ary of State. Gonzdlez said that this was the first opportunity he had to visit Herter, since he took the oath of his office, on March Ist. last. ' Nieto Caballero Dies in Bogota BOGOTA, April 9 (UP)— Jour- nalist and ex-diplomat Luis Eduar- do Nieto Caballero, died in this ci- ty of a heart attack. He was 69. Nieto Caballero was columnist of “El Tiempo” and “Intermedio” and co-Editor of .Gogota’s even- ing paper, “El Espectador.” As a diplomat he represented Colombia at the extinct League of Nations and in México, where he served as Ambassador until 1949. He was also one of the founders of Bogo- Ambassadors Stress Need of Fighting Latin American Nations EDUCATION, BETTER ECONOMIC CONDITIONS ARE BEST WAYS, GUATEMALAN ENVOY SAYS Reds in the “We must educate the people re- garding communism and tell them which are their duties as citizens of a democratic government,” he added, Also present at the press con- ference were Brazilian Ambassador Fernando Lobo, OAS’ President; U. S. Ambassador John Dreier; Uruguayan Ambassador Julio La- earte; and the Secretary General of the Organization, José A. Mora, of Uruguay. To a question that if Latin Ame- rican countries fear the increasing competition from African nations, ‘Lobo said: “Competition is part of life. We cannot suppress it.’ Generally speaking, we do not fear competi- tion. I believe that we must get together with other nations to see what agreements can be reached, We can do that through the inter- national organizations.” ENVOYS FEEL HONORED Mexican Ambassador Luis Quin- tanilla declared that he and his col leagues in the OAS feel “deeply honored” at having been invited to visit California during Pan Ameri- can Week. In statements made to the Unit- ed Press, Quintanilla said the visit has a historical significance and transcends the expression of good will of the American Republics. “San Francisco is the birthplace of the United Nations, but our Or ganization of American States can be considered a forerunner of the international,” Quintanilla pointed out. “The successes achieved by OAS made clear the need of an organiza. tion comprising all the nations of the world, and in that way the United Nations Organization was born.” Ambassador Quintanilla was i San Francisco when the Charter the United Nations was signed im 1945, Coffee Queen, Princesses, Visit U.S. Congress and White House WASHINGTON, April 9 (UP)— Sefiorita Analida Alfaro of Panama the Pan American ‘Coffee Queen, served coffee to members of Con- gress today and then went to the White House. ‘ She presided at a coffee urn in the capitol building as republican Senator Homer Capehart helped to observe “coffee break” by inviting members of the Senate and House of Representatives to drink the be- verage there. The pretty Queen, dressed in a blue and white print gown with an elaborate beaded headdress, smilingly posed for pho- tographers as she poured. She was accompanied by her Princesses, Miss Anna Maria Ma- deira of Brazil, Miss Maria Luz Asensio of Guatemala and Miss Margarita Sierra of México. All ta’s Rotary Club. newspaper “Diario Oficial” only the Ministers of Finance, Develop- ment and Agriculture can authorize any increase in the rates. The three ministers comprise the special committee which passes on requests for increases in the pri- ces of prime necessities. The government’s move came after the liberal (opposition) news- paper “Intermedio” annoumced an increase in its advertising rates last week. “Diario Official” said at the time that it would maintain its rates “in contrast with the newspapers which have promoted a drive for higher rates”. Independent newspaper sources said the higher rates were needed to compensate for higher publica- tion costs, especially newsprint, im- ports of which must be paid with foreign exchange bought in the free market unless ‘the National Publications Enterprise, which pub- lishes “Diario Oficial,” grants per- mission to import it at the official rate. The formalities to obtain such permission take up to four mnnths, independent publishers said. LACK MONEY FOR EDUCATION ‘MEXICO CITY (UP)— The lack of money and the rapid growth of were dressed in colorful native population are the main problems confronting the educational auth- orities of the country, Education Minister José Angel Ceniceros said. With the present budget of a little over $80,000,000 (US) for educational purposes, Ceniceros said, the problem. of illiteracy and enough classrooms for children will not be solved in another 50 years. According to latest figures, more than 3,000,000 children were unable to attend schools this year for lack of facilities, MINING INDUSTRIES SEEK EXEMPTIONS MEXICO CITY (UP)— The min- ing industry is now negotiating with fiscal authorities for tax ex- emptions that may open the door for new investment of several mil- lion dollars, mining sources report- ed. : A-report published by the Mining Chamber of México also said that a total of 1,200 mining companies received subsidies amounting to over $4,800,000 in 1956. The Mexican mining industry, which employes more than 75,000 workers in more. than 2,000 com- costumes, Brazilian Ambassador Ernani do Amaral Peixoto also attended Capehart’s “Coffee Break.” Capehart is a member of the Sen- ate Foreign Relations Subcommits tee on the Western Hemisphere, and has toured Latin America ex- tensively. The Queen brought a bone China demitasse set for Mrs. Eisenhower at the White House. The beautiful 18-year pld Coffee Queen and Ambassador of Good Will, who is representing the 14 coffee-growing countries of Latin America durinf Pan American Week expressed hope that her visit would help bring the Americas closer together. She presented the demitasse set to White House Aid Homer Gruen- ther as Mrs. Eisenhower was um able to be present. Swiss Airline Opens Service to Argentina ZURICH, Switzerland —(UP)— A Swissair DC-6B with 25 officials” and newsmen aboard left Zurich for Buenos Aires to inaugurate the Swiss Airlines regular service to Argentina. The group will be received by President Pedro E, Aramburu, and will also visit Brazil, The present schedule of the Swiss Airlines calls for a once-a- week round-trip with DC-6B’s be- tween Zurich and Buenos Aires until July, Starting July 4, there will be two flights weekly with DC7C’s. Members of the group include Andre Domince, Chief of Protocol of the Federal Political Depart- ment as official representative of the Swiss Government, Argentine Minister to Switzerland Rail Agui- rre Molina, State councillors Ru- dolf Meier, Dr. Carl Emil Peter, Jean Treina, and Alfred Weil, Vi- ce-President of the Swiss-Argentine Chamber of Commerce in Geneva. report said. Mining exports in the past ten panies, large and small, is “very important in our foreign trade as a source of foreign exchange,” the years avergaged 36.6 per cent ot> México’s total exports; the report