Diario las Américas Newspaper, January 25, 1957, Page 10

Inter - American News for English- Speaking people 4th YEAR 8. SMITH Vice President HORACIO AGUIRRE * Vice President Editor and Manager Eliseo Riera-Gomez Antonio Ruiz Advertising and Circulation Mgr. Managing Editor Leen ee NEEEENSRIn RRS Published daily except Monday — Entered as second class matter at the Post Office of Miami Springs, Fla., on February 8, 1956. en a STEERS RI SHAE RSET ¥ be SAN ROMAN c. W. SMITR wi * President Vice President FRANCISCO AGUIRRE Vice President and Publisher EDITORIAL THE POWER OF LOGIC AND THOSE WHO DISREGARD IT Although no one who really possesses good sense dares to deny the convincing power of logic, there are quite a few persons who, bragging about their common sense, or protected by some triumphs obtained during their lives, pretend to disregard the logical consideration of things, to stick to certain formulas they want to impose as axioms, invoking, perhaps, poor arguments that such formulas are supported by one or more experiencies of general type. ‘ These cases of stubborness are found in all the fields of human endeavour. In international rela- tions between the States, in commercial relations of private citizens, with regard to individual affairs in general. Of course, it must be admitted that when this cases of stubborness appear in somewhat large proportions, they always constitute a minority within the global manner in which problems of life are analyzed. ; If an idea is logical, there is no reason to avoid its serene discussion. The arguments, submitted in a detailed and well-informed manner, will them- selves prove that the idea has a good reason to be. Those who pretend that their viewpoints should be accepted by all, only because they are presented with credentials of experience or knowledge, or simply because they should be accepted in an in- flexible and undisputable manner, without, analysis, as the result of other experiencies, incur in a grave error and, in rejecting judgment of the facts, point by point, they show mental intransigence or fear of not. beign able to have their viewpoint prevail in the light of careful consideration, when, in each case, duly studied, circumstances and problems appear, which leave without effect the general rules, because they are cases of exception, or because circumstances of comparison do not coincide. This error—the error of not wanting to reason —has coused failure of multiple negotations of na- tional or international political origin, as well as of commercial, scientific and cultural matters. It is necessary, more than convenient, to re- cognize the value of experience and of precedent, when a problem is being analyzed. Arguments, when they are backed by these values, have, evidently, more convincing force. But this is no reason to believe that whatever anybody with experience says, or evidence taken from precedent, should not be argued under the light of reason, in a serene analysis, because of the belief that rules of a general type should be applied rigidly and with closed eyes, without taking into consideration factors which could constitute an exception or which demonstrate errors —as to err is human—on the part of those who established those general rules. U. S. Companies in Argentina Supply Local Markets Rather Than Export WASHINGTON — (UP) — The Commerce Department said that United States companies operating in Argentina make their major contribution there by development of industrial capacity to supply growing local markets rather than export commodities. An investment survey of U.S. companies operating in Latin America, contrasted the larger countries with diversified econo- mies, as Argentina, Brazil and Mé- xico, with other countries where the United States companies pro- duce: goods mainly for export. Export sales by United States companies account for. over 40 per- cent of total exports from Vene- zuela, Chile and Pert, and some of the smaller Caribbean countries. The Commerce Department study found that total sales in 1955 by United States companies operating in vArgentina amounted 4o $542,- 000,000. Of this total, $476,000,000 rep- resented local’sales, $23,000,000 was for exports to the United States, $3,000,000 was exports to other. dollar countries, and $40,000,000 was exports to foreign (non-dol- lar) currency countries. United States companies operat- ing in Argentina made local pay- ments in Argentina amounting to $506,000,000. These total payments were analyzed as follows: Salaries, $112.000,000; Materials, supplies and equip- ment, $267,000,000; Interest, royalties and dividends, $3,000,000; Income taxes, $15,000,000; Other taxes, $74,000,000; and Other unspecified payments, $34,- 000,000. hi Salaries paid by United States companies in Argentina during 1956, which totaled $112,000,000, exceeded those paid in any other Latin American countries except Venezuela, $246,000,000, and Cuba, $129,000,000. New Havana Club Elects Officers HAVANA — The Petroleum Club of Havana, meeting at the Inter- national Yacht Club, elected of- ficers as provided for by the Club by-laws, Those selected to serve for one- year terms were: President, J. Herbert Sawyer of Esso Standard Oil, S. A. (N.J.)} Vice-President, Henry L. Brandon of Union Oil Company of California; Secretary, Dr, Fernando Freyre de Andrade of Freyre, Andrade y Montalvo; Vice-Secretary, Dr. Emilio Arango of Niufiez Mesa y Machado; Treas- urer, Thomas Ritter of Sun Oil Company; Assistant Treasurer, Dr. Jorge Faz Vega of Atlantic Refin- ing Company of Cuba. Named to three-year terms as directors were R. C. Free of Cuba For a better understanding between the Americas MIAMI SPRINGS, FLA., FRIDAY, JANUARY 25, 1957 TO EXPORT AT WASHINGTON, Jan. 24 —(UP) —The Government of the United States has authorized the export |to Brazil of the first atomic reactor for research, the first of its kind sent to a Latin American country. This is the second authorization made in accordance with the Atoms for Peace Plan of President Eisen- hower. The export license was granted to Babcock and Wilcox, New York firm building the reactor. Com- pany officiais said they expect to start shipping parts of the reactor | KNOW | Tay NEIGHBOR By ANTONIO RUIZ ARGENTINA (Continued) Colonial life in the Viceroyalty of Rio de La Plata was on the whole simple and modest; it centered in the cities. The highest class.was the nobility of government office hold- ers, almost exclusively Spaniards, and the highest clergy. The latter exerted a broad influence which extended far beyond ecclesiastical matters, to polities, economics and, in particular, education. There was a small middle class of artisans and mechanics, and the remainder of the population — mostly mesti- zos — was classified as common people. Indians, gauchos, and land- owners lived in the country. The cultural center of the coun- try was Cérdoba and its dis- tinguished university. Bullfights and religious festivities were the chief forms of entertainment. The colonial economy was_ greatly strengthened during the early years of the Viceroyalty. ‘The basic pastoral economy had evolved with the prodigious increase of wild horses and cattle on the pampas from the XVI century on. In addi- tion to horse hides and tallow, “tasajo” (a jerked beef) became an important item of trade follow- ing the introduction of meat salt- ing shortly after 1790. Specialized livestock farming and some crop farming were also begun. Meanwhile, events in both Eu- rope. and the New World were pay- ing the way for the revolutionary movement which burst in the co- lony of La Plata with the May Re- volt in Buenos Aires in 1810. The United States and French revolu- tions were followed by that of Hai- ti in 1804, which marked the first successful revolt against colonial rule in Latin America. The cease- less rivalry among the European powers for territorial possessions in the Americas was further in- tensified by war between Spain and England from 1796 to 1802, and again in 1805. An attack by the British on La Plata, which had been expected for some time, came in June 1806, when they took pos- session of the city of Buenos Ai- Tes, When the British attacked Bue- nos Aires, Viceroy Sobremonte im- mediately deserted the city and fled to Cérdoba, while the people rallied under the leadership of Santiago Liniers, a Frenchman at the service of Spain and a Port Captain. Liniers hastily organized an army and reconquered Buenos Aires on August 12. The British general Baresford was imprisoned at Lujan. At the meeting of the “Cabildo Abierto” (an open ses- sion of the City Coundil)1 Liniers was made commander of the troops and organized a citizens militia. When the British attacked again on June 28, 1807, Liniers’ army was routed in the outskirts of Bue- nos Aires, But the quick action of the Alcalde (mayor) of Buenos Ai- res, Martin Alzaga, in fortifying the city, made it possible to defeat the British who also relinquished the fortress‘ of Montevideo. Disgusted by the ineptitude of the Spanish authorities and their failure to pro- vide protection against armed at- tacks, the Argentine-born creoles deposed Viceroy Sobremonte at a “junta” of war in February, 1807. From then on, the popular move: ment for complete emancipation gathered force. Spanish Version Page 3 News Digest. Also present at the meeting were California Oil Company and James|Ken Miller of Servicios Schlumber- W. Vanderbeek of Cuban Stano-|ger, S.A; Alan Fraser and Ing. lind Oil Company; elected for two-|M. F. Montes of Atlantic Refining year terms were Rolf Engleman of|Company of Cuba; Dudley J..Card- Esso Standard Oil, S. A. (NJ, and|well of Sun Oil Company; Jim Paul J. Griffiths of White Eagle|Hall of Cuban Stanolind Oil Com- International Oil Company; nam-|pany; Carl E. Moore of Consoli- ed as directors for one-year terms|dated Cuban Petroleum Corpora- were Harry W. Wassall, consulting|tion, and Malcolm McArdle of The geologist and Earl Copeland, Jr.,|First National City Bank of New associate editor of Cuba Petroleum| York. U. 5. GOVT. GRANTS LICENSE OMIC REACTOR FOR BRAZILIAN UNIVERSITY to Brazil by ship and plane, im- mediately. The Atomic Energy Commission of the United States announced the intention of granting the ex- port license to a New York firm on January 2. U. S. officials said to the U. RP. that the reactor will be for the Institute of Nuclear Energy of the University of Sao Paulo. The total cost of the reactor is estimated in nearly two million dollars. The United States will contribute $350,000 of that amount and will supply the necessary quantities of nuclear fuel, The officials said there will be some time before the reactor is completely installed in Sao Paulo. They pointed out that when Japan bought the first reactor exported by this country last November, de- livery had to be made in three shipments. The officials revealed also that Brazil is in negotiations with the United States to reach an agree- ment on atomic energy, which will permit that country to acquire an atomic reactor capable of generat- ing power for commercial use. Mario Echandi Nominated by Opposition in Costa Rica SAN JOSE, Costa Rica —(UP) —Mario Echandi,; former Foreign Minister and former Ambassador to the United States, was nomi- nated Presidential candidate of the opposition National Union Party by a National Convention here. Echandi, a lawyer and now mem- ber of Congress, was chosen by a majority of better than two to one over three other presidential as- pirants. Presidential. elections are sched- uled for February 1958. Echandi was generally expected to offer a serious threat to the split Government National Libera- tion Party, which will have two candidates, Francisco Orlich, the Party’s official nominee, and Jor- ge Rossi, who heads’ the dissident faction, known as the Independent Party. During the previous administra- tion of President Otilio Ulate, 1949-53, Echandi. served first as Ambassador to Washington and then as Foreign Minister. Czechoslovakia BOGOTA — (SICO) — Manuel Mejia, Manager of the National Federation of Coffee Growers, and Captain Enrique Gamboa, signed a commercial agreement with the Czechoslovakian trade mission now visiting Colombia. The accord will be in effect for one year. In the name of Czechos- lovakia, and authorized by the Ministry of Foreign Commerce in Praga, the agreement was signed by Jan Poula. The agreement establishes a system of compensa- tion by which Colombia will sup- ply coffee and skins, and Czechos- lovakia agricultural and industrial machinery. In other words, Co- lombia can get from Czechoslova- kia articles included in the “first” and “first special” groups of im- ports, such as the machinery that Colombian Trade Relations With Re - Established accounting will be taken care of by the Bank of the Republic and tne Czechoslovakian State Bank. According to observers, this barter trade may reach five million dol- lars in the first year. The Czech viewpoint on the agreement was expressed by Lubor Zamiar, Commercial Attache of the zech Mission, who said: “With the signature of this agreement, a new era of commercial relations between the two countries begin. They had been interrupted during and after World War II. The econ- omies of Colombia and Czechoslo- vakia highly complement each other; we need coffee and Colom- bia needs machinery and capital goods. Considering the increase of coffee consumption in my country, we are sure we are going to buy country exhibited during the In- ternational Fair of Bogoté. The BOGOTA —(UP)— Colombia is embarked on a massive program involving 6,000 miles of roads and an investment of $400,000,000. It’s all keyed to a 1960 completion date and the country’s economic booin. Colombia in 1956 spent more than $102,000,000 on its road ir- provement projects and will spend an equal amount through each of the next three years. It tops its neighbor, Venezuela, by some 10 millions, and is far ahead of Ar- gentina, Brazil arid México in its 1956 road-building efforts. The importance of Colombia’s current program lies in the fact that completion of its projects will virtually eliminate most of the last “missing links” in the long-plan- ned Pan American Highway. American motorists long have travelled through most of México and several of the Central Amer- ican countries. At the South Amer- ican end, Venezuela has virtually completed its major contributions COCA LEAVES CHEWED BY PERUVIAN INDIANS LIMA, Peré — (UP)— More than one million Peruvians, mostly Indians, chew coca leaves to make up for their dietary deficiencies, a special Government commission reported. Annual production of coca leav- es in Peri was estimated in the weport at 10,000 long tons, of which 6,000 tons were exported, chiefly to the United States, West Germany and Japan. The report said coca leaves were used in those countries to make a raw cocaine paste for industrial purposes. Peruvian Indians are known to have indulged in the habit of chewing coca leaves since the time of the Inca Empire, prior to the Spanish Conquest. The report pointed out that, con- trary to a general belief that the important quantities of it from Co- lombia.” * Colombia Expands Road Projects to the intercontinental highway while other major segments have been built in Chile, Ecuador and elsewhere. Domestically, Colombia has been hampered for centuries by. an in- adequate internal communications system. Its major north-south highways, now constructed or to be built, are those paralleling the Andean range and run from the Caribbean coast on the north to the Ecuadorean border on the Pa- cifie coast to the south. These are the major links Co- lombia is adding to the Pan Amer- ican highway system. But it needs these improvements for its own economic progress as well. Construction crews are at work at many locations, sometimes at elevations of 10,000 feet or higher in the Andes. Bogota, the capital, sits atop an 8,000 foot level and Member Inter American Press Association For Liberty, Culture and Hemispheric Solidarity ~ NUMBER 164 Fébrega to Seek Early Action on Completion. of Argentine Policeman Frustrates Bombing of Minister's Home BUENOS AIRES, Jan. 24 —(UP) —The courage of a’ policeman frustrated attempts of a terrorist band to explode a bomb at the home of the Minister of Agricul- ture, Alberto Mercier, who is also acting Labor Minister. Rubén Dario Pérez, 34 year old policeman, was on duty at four in the morning, when he saw a man place an object in a window of the main floor of a house. The man tried to light a match, but the wind put. it off. Pérez tried then to arrest the man, but two others came out from the shadows, hold- ing the policeman while the ter- rorist stroke him several times. Pé- rez fell and they hit him in the head, making him lose conscious- ness momentarily. The three men escaped in a car, but before they disappeared, the policeman was able to take out his pistol and fire against the vehicle, which answered the shots. Cov- ered with blood and almost unable to move, Pérez crawled toward the window, took the bomb, and car- ried it to the middle of the street, calling for help. At the Police Hospital, where the corageous officer was interned, it was reported he has several knife wounds in the left side, as well as a fracture of the - spine. The bomb was pulled apart at the Police Station. Luxurious Hotel to he Opened in Guatemala Feb. 3 GUATEMALA — Inauguration of the new Maya Excelsior Hotel is set for February 15th accord- ing to the management. The 102- room structure is rapidly being put in shape to receive its first guests, who are scheduled to arrive on February 3. Boasting an excel- lent location in the heart of the downtown section of the capital, the Maya Excelsior is the newest hotel in Guatemala, and the first to open. of several that are pre- sently under construction. Cali toward the south. These are the routes over which Colombia is moving much of its industrial output, textiles, foot- wear, metal products and other items coming from its factories. More than 50 of them, American affiliates, are located in the Cali area alone. Steel production at the Paz del Rio plant, one of the largest in South America, also depends on transportation via highways. Oil production, now being expanded, is largely centered at refineries at Barranca Bermeja, on the Magda- lena River, and Mississippi River type sternwheelers carry some of this petroleum output. Other from here highways fan out in many directions — to Manizales and Medellin to the west and to HEMISPHERIC EVENTS Latin American News in Brief habit is degenerating, many Indians who indulge in it are vigorous farm workers even after reaching 80 years of age. CANO: WILL PUBLISH “EL INDEPENDIENTE” BOGOTA — (UP) — Guillermo Cano, Editor of the evening paper “El Independiente,” reiterated to the Ministry of Government the an- nouncement that the daily will be published again in this, capital, starting on February the 4th next. “El Independiente” replaced for a short time “El Espectador”, and was closed in the month of April, last year, by their editors, not to publish an official declaration. The Government has authorized the re- apparition of the paper, without imposing any kind of conditions. EDUCATOR’S CONGRESS IN MONTEVIDEO MONTEVIDEO — (UP) — The Plenary Session of the VI American freight is moved by steamers over us river to ports on the Carib- an, Educators Congress, approved by acclamation the inclusion, in his capacity of Mexican Official Del- egate, of Professor Antonio Amaya, which approval was under advise by the Committee of Powers. _ In the same meeting, the three active groups of the Congress, which are: official, fraternal and ‘observer, were designated. The of- ficials, with voice and vote,’ are: Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Ecuador, United States, Peri, Puerto Rico and Uruguay. As observers are the Delegations of Paraguay and Guatemala. ) BRAZIL-URUGUAY IN TRADE NEGOTIATION MONTEVIDEO —(UP)— Bra- zilian Ambassador, Berenguer Ce- brega, conferred today with The two met at Mora’s Union. Fabrega said he would se: Fabrega, former Foreign devoted to a detailed survey the Agenda to a number of broad consent from the 21 SAN SALVADOR, Jan. 24 — (UP)—The differences between El Salvador and Nicaragua, which last Monday seemed in the verge of a rupture between the two Nations, have been friendly and definitive- ly settled. The Organization of Central-American States (OCAS) contributed to the settlement. The Ministers of Foreign Rela- tions of El Salvador, Alfredo Ortiz Mancia, and Nicaragua, Alejandro Montiel, issued the following joint communiqué: “The Governments of El Salva- dor and Nicaragua, through their respective Foreign Offices, have the pleasure to announce that, on the basis of reciprocal assurances, the differences between both coun- tries, submitted to the friendly mediation of OCAS, have been de- finitively settled. “At the same time both Govern- ments express, with the most pro- found satisfaction, their grateful- ness to His Excellency Dr. José Guillermo ‘Trabanino, Secretary WASHINGTON (UP)— The Agriculture Department predict- ed that with favorable growing and harvesting weather Argentina will have a “substantial increase” in exportable surpluses of grains and oilseed products that will offer stiff competition to the United States A Department analysis of the overall outlook for United States agricultural exports in relation to other countries also said Ar- gentine production of meat, wool, and dairy products is expected to be larger than in recent years, milestone of ‘open activity and ample Uruguayan-Brazilian inter- change was being entered. “Tt am fully confident that said Inter American Highway Panamanian Envoy Confers With Secretary Mora, Ambassador Arias - WASHINGTON, Jan. 24 (UP)—The Panamanian Delega- te to the Inter-American Presidential Committee, Isaac Fa- the Secretary-General of the Organization of American. States, Dr. José A. Mora, on the forthcoming meeting of the Committee. office at the Pan American ek early action on the comple- tion on the Inter American Highway, especially of the lap from Panama to Colombia known at the Darien region. Minister of Panama, also con- ferred with Panamanian ambassador Ricardo Arias, The meeting with Mora was understood to have been of some of the projects the Committee will consider when it opens its three-day meeting on Monday. The chief task of the group will be to reduce workable projects that have meber nations. k It was understood that Mora and the OAS Secretariat had been ‘asked to submit studies of 17 projects proposed af. the first meeting of the Committee last September. Mora has been invited by the member government to attend the meeting as an observer. Salvador-Nicaragua Settle Differences General of the above mentioned Organization, for the sincere Cen- tral-Americanist spirit which in- spired his actions.” The Salvadorean Minister declar- ed that, at all times during the in- cident, (originated on measures asked for against the Nicaraguan exiles residing in El Salvador) the Ministry of Foreign Relations of Nicaragua maintained a deep res- pectful attitude toward El Salvador Government. On Monday, news of a possible rupture of relations leaked out, when Managua’s Government recal- led its diplomatic representative at San Salvador and El Salvador’s did the same thing with its represent ative in Managua. In view of this, The Secretary General of OCAS visited President Lemus the same day and after his visit he left for Managua. Ortiz Mancfa recommended to newspapermen. to use moderation in their reports so as not to hurt the dignity of officials and people. Argentina to Offer Competition to United States in Grains Exports Discussing the Argentine situa- tion, the department recalled that overall grain production declined significantly in 1955-56 but that production is now resopnding to higher prices and exports are be- ing maintained. The survey added: “Argentina is the fourth largest world exporter of commodities that compete with those of the United States, following the United States, Canada, and Australia. The new Argentine Government has changed its price support policies to favor an expanded farm output and is intensifying its efforts to encourage exports through a liber- alized exchange rate and the gra- dual abolition of a restricted mar- keting system. Production is re- ports are maintained, aided also by the new multilateral trade and payments agreements with various European countries.” “As a result of these and other programs, it is expected that Argentina will offer ‘increased interchange will promote positive developments which will benefit the two nations”, he said. Regarding the Brazilian impor- tation of Uruguayan wheat, Beren- guer Cesar expressed that this is one of the problems which the Commission will determine, but “I believe that the annual quota will reach about 300,000 tons”. The first meeting of said Com- mission has been fixed for Februa- ry 5th and the second, for the month of August, in Rio de Janeiro. NEW MINISTER BOGOTA — (UP) — Brigadier sar, referring to the installation of|General Gilberto Montoya Gaviria, the Uruguayan-Brazilian Mixed|at present Governor of the Depart- Commission for the study of the|ment of the Huila, has been ap- Treaty recently negotiated between |pointed Colombian Ambassador to both countries, declared that a México, cultural commodities in foreign markets starting in 1957. Argenti- na produces most of the same agri- cultural commodities as the United States, and also competes for many of the same foreign markets. “Of all the commodities export. ed by Argentina, wheat has been the most important to the United States from a competitive point of view, On the-.other hand, no other country could, prior to World War II compete: with Argentine meat exports in quantity, quality, and price. Both Argentina and Uruguay have favorable export exchange rates for wool that em- courage export on the world mar ket. Recently Uruguay’s wool haa gone to Europe, but Argentina’s continues to go in large volume te the United States.” sponding to higher prices and ex- . competition with most major agri- ~