Diario las Américas Newspaper, January 16, 1957, Page 10

Inter - American News for English- Speaking people 4th YEAR For a@ better understanding between the Americas MIAMI SPRINGS, FLA., WEDNESDAY, JANUARY 16, 1957 G. A. SAN ROMAN President FRANCISCO AGUIRRE Vice President and Publisher Eliseo Riera-Gomez Advertising and Circulation Mgr. c Ww. Vice President 8. SMITR Vice President HORACIO AGUIRRE Vice President. Editor and Manager Antonio Ruiz Managing Editor SMITA eee enn tS Published daily except Monday — Entered as second class matter at the Post Office of Miami Springs, Fla., on February 8, 1956. EDITORIAL NT MORAL OBLIGATIONS OF POLITICAL LEADERS The person who in the activities of the political | life of his country has leader, contracts extraordinary moral obligations | with its people, in the sense of dignifying with his| conquered a position of activities that condition of leader and to know how to sacrifice, in many cases, personal comfort and respond to the call of civic and political duty. — The leaders whose strength has been acquired in democratic struggles are the depositories of the confidence of the people, or part of the people and, therefore, in order to be honest with their own conscience and with the Fatherland, they must take care of that heritage in a manner which does not defraud the interests of the people. Great damage has been done to democracy by some leaders who, after conquering political prestige, after been like a banner for the hopes of reform and change, abandon the decorous and gallant struggle to leave the people shifting by themselves, when perhaps they need, more than ever, the orientation of a chief. Leaders can be improvised, but this is not always easy, because it is necessary that his per- sonality takes root in the conscience of the people and that, generally, requires a determined process which takes time. Therefore, when the people lose the directive value of their leader, or he allows his prestige to dilute in shady or unworthy attitudes, the people cannot create at a moment’s notice the adequate figure to solve their pressing political problems. The leaders who respect their own good name; who feel patriotic satisfaction in doing so; who} aspire to occupy an honor place in history, have to} take good care not to go off the straight and narrow path, sometimes hard in the material sense of the word, which leads to the top where spiritual values triumph, The individual who accepts to be the recipient of the people trust; the one who has acted in a} manner which gives grounds to believe in his poli- tieal capacity and in his civic good faith, has the| supreme duty, which implies grave patriotic respons- ibilities, of not being discouraged in the efforts to add prestige to the cause of democracy and to dignify his condition of political leader, who places and understands politics on bases of ideological sehious- ness and honesty of conscience. ° Colombian Credit Among the Worst in Latin America, “Business Week” Says NEW YORK, Jan. 15 (UP) — Pointing out that the credit of Colombia with New York banks “is one of the worst in Latin America” and that virtually “an economic miracle” is needed to save that South American country from bankruptcy, “Business Week” mag- azine, in its issue of Jan. 12, re- fers. to the efforts of Treasury Minister Luis Morales Gémez to rehabilitate the national economy. Morales Gomez, to whom Presi- dent Rojas Pinilla, according to the article, gave “in desperation” a free hand to save the economy, “has started a policy. of austerity and economic readjustment” and is trying to restrict imports “to re- duce the deficit of 165 million dol- lars” that the trade balance of last year shows. “The opinion of observers in Bogota and Washington is equally divided,” regarding Morales Gd- mez, the magazine says. “Remem- bering his reputation for non-or- thodox methods when he was in charge of the Popular Bank of Co- lombia, many doubted his appoint- No Change in Argentine Income Tax Laws BUENOS AIRES (UP)— Minis- ter of the Treasury, Eugenio Blan- ¢o, declared in a Press Conference that no modifications will be made in the rates of Income Taxes this year, but that, on the other hand, the Emergency ‘Tax created to solve the Plan of Economic Re- cuperation and which produced more than 1,000 million pesos last year, will be eliminated. Blanco referred to the 1957 Gen- eral Budget, adding that, in the forced regime, the system of ex- emptions for capital which would be reinvested in current exploita- tions will be maintained. He also said that the budget. will amount in total to 61,265 millions Pesos and that expenses wilt be attended to with normal incomes and State bonds. He also said that the policy of reduction of public expenditures will continue and that the Budget will not cause any incidence in the inflationary process ment was wise, but his firm stand has convinced U. S. trade circles, and even many of his enemies, that he is truly trying to do something effective to get Colombia out of her debt,” the magazine adds. After expressing the opinion that the current economic debacle in Colombia is due mainly to polit- ical reasons, the article observes that if President Rojas Pinilla gives him enough freedom to en- force restrictive measures he deems necessary, Morales Gémez may have an opportunity to fight and win, Morales Gémez — says the arti- cle — “has as a foundation a solid rock in which to build: the con- fidence of U. S. private capital, which never ,, during the mistakes of the last two years, has lost con- fidence in the future of Colombia”, NO LOANS GRANTED BANKERS DECLARE NEW YORK, Jan, 15 (UP) — “The Journal of Commerce” says that bankers in this city have denied to have made loans to the Government of Colombia. . Luis Morales Gémez, Treasury Minister of Colombia, completed last week ,a series of negotiations with New York bankers and im- mediately returned to Colombia. According to “The Journal of Commerce,” the bankers said they want to cooperate with the Colom- bian minister in the problem of the debt of his country, “They firmly assert, however — says the newspaper — that the transaction has not been complet- ed and that some matters have to be solved before the loan is grant- ed.” The newspaper says that one of the principal bankers stated that “the matter cannot probably be solved during this month, nor per> haps the next.”” “The Journal of Commerce” states that certain numbers of ex- port companies expect a categoric- al reply this week on whether the government has received the loan from private bankers of this city, to pay more than 100 million dol- lars for merchandise bought in the United States. HAVANA, Cuba, Jan. 15 (UP) The Cuban Government suspended constitutional guarantees and in- voked censorship of the press and radio for a 45-day period early to- day in its latest move to battle ter- rorism and revolution. | The Council tial law covering Havana and Ma- tanzas provinces — the only two KNOW THY NEIGHBOR By ANTONIO RUIZ PANAMA — As early as_ the Spanish colonial times, the con- struction of a canal to join the Atlantic and Pacific oceans was the -subject of wide speculation and study, and several plans were suggested recommending routes in various different countries, The United States Government became really interested in the possibility of shortening the sail- ing time and distance from the Atlantic to the Pacific coast dur- ing the gold rush to California about 1850, but it was not until 1903, after unsuccessful attempts by other interests to construct a canal, that this country acquired from the Government of Panama the rights to build one across the isthmus. This concession gave the United States a perpetual lease on a strip of territory, designated as the Canal Zone, extending five miles on either side of the canal route, and complete authorization to con-| struct, operate and defend the Canal. After ten years of labor, following a preliminary period de- voted to sanitation, the Canal was August 1914. The cost of construct- ing the Canal amounted to $366,- 000,000 and the Government of the United States paid the Gov- ernment of the Republic of Pana- ma $10,000,00 for the concession. In addition, an annual rental was agreed upon by the two countries. After the Pearl Harbor attack, the governments of Panama and the United States entered into an agreement whereby the latter was given permission to occupy 37,65 acres of territory of the Republic for the duration of the war, in re- turn for certain concession, such as the return to Panama of the Tands held by the Panama Rail- road Company, deliverance to the Republic of the waterworks and sewerage systems of Panama City, and cancellation of a loan of $2,- 500,000 made by the United States for the construction of the new cement highway from Panama City to Rio Hato, the site of the new military air base of the United States Government, Besides the civil administration of the Canal Zone, whichis under the control of a Governor, there are separate and independent jur- isdictions under the United States Army and Navy. When the United States is at war, or when war is imminent, martial law is declared for the Canal Zone, and the Com- manding General takes charge of all the civil as well as military mat- ters in the Zone. There are fortifi- cations manned by United States forces all along the route of the great waterway that has become so indispensable to commerce and travel and is of such vital import- ance in times of war. It is the policy of the Govern- ment of the United States to dis- courage general settlement in the zone, and-no one is permitted to own land privately in it, or to re- main there permanently, unless he is connected in some way with the administration of the Canal. The civilian population of the Canal Zone is about 50,000. Spanish Version Page 3 MEXICANS HONORING GABRIELA MISTRAL MEXICO CITY (UP)— The Me- xican Association Pro-Liberty and Culture will hold a special session to honor the memory of the great Chilean poetess Gabriela Mistral. A spokesman of the association reported that Margarita Michelena, pupil of the famous writer who died in New York last week, will give a lecture on the life and works of Gabriela Mistral, first | of Ministers an-} nounced the modified form of mar-| ordered suspension of constitution- completed and opened to traffic in|diality among all, was the Ambas- CUBAN GOVERNMENT SUSPENDS CONSTITUTIONAL GUARANTEES, IMPOSES. PRESS CENSORSHIP pension of guarantees. Constitutional rights were sus- pended in the provinces of Orien- te, Las Villas, Camagiiey and Pinar del Rio several weeks ago after ‘a force of rebels landed in South- eastern Cuba in a futile attempt to stir up general revolt. Government leaders said they al guarantees because of “terrorist | actions throughout the country and provinces not already under sus-| the need on the part of the govern- |ment to protect the sugar produc- tion industry and private proper- ty”. Sugar is the bulwark of Cu- ba’s economy. More than 60 persons have been killed in Cuba during the past six weeks in revolutionary outbreaks and waves of terrorism, Unidentified would-be assassins sprayed the car of Col. Orlando Piedra, Chief of the Bureau of In- vestigation, with machinegun bul- lets yesterday. Piedra was not in the parked automobile, and no one ws injured, pierced the sleeve of a policeman although a bullet | Trabanino Tries fo Solve Problem of El Salvador and Nicaragua SAN SALVADOR, Jan. 15 (UP) —In well informed circles it was stated that the Secretary General of the Organization .of Central American States (OCAS), Dr. Jo- sé Guillermo Trabanino, will visit Tegucigalpa, Guatemala, and San José, Costa Rica, for consultation on the problem*between El Salva- dor and Nicaragua, with regard to the Nicaraguar exiles in this coun- try. The Nicaraguan Government has accused Salvadoreans of violating the Pacts of Washington, the con- ventions of Havana and Montevi- deo and the spirit of the Busta- mante Doctrine in refusing to or- der the provisional arrest of sever- al exiles indicted by a Nicaraguan Military Court holding hearings on the assassination of President Anastasio Somoza. Trabanino has already discussed the matter with the Salvadorean standing nearby. Foreign Minister. UNITED NATIONS, Jan. 15 — (UP)—Dr. Santiago Rey, Cuban Minister of Interior and one of the men closest to the President, in General Fulgencio Batista Cabinet, declared that his country wishes to improve the relations with the Do- minican Republic. Rey made his declaration at the end of the luncheon offered to him by Cuban Ambassador Emilio Nu- fiez Portuondo, attended by all the Latin American Ambassadors as well as those of the United States and Spain, Henry Cabot Lodge and José Félix Leiquerica. Present at the luncheon which was characterized by an air of cor- sador of the Dominican Republic, Dr. Enrique de Marchena. “It was a great satisfaction for me to have had the opportunity of meeting Dr. Marchena,” said Rey in amswer to a question. “We wish to have the best pos- sible relations with all the coun- tries of America, including the Do- minican Republic,” observed the Minister of the. Interior, who just spent nine days in Washington, “exchanging views about matters of common interest” with high of- ficials of the U. S. Government. Referring to the recent tension between the Havana and Ciudad Trujillo governmems, Dr. Rey commented: “If our relations had ever been cold, they never were hostile in our part.” Elaborating on it, he added: “That can be verified by having in mind that the Cuban government HEMISPHERIC EVENTS MEXICO CITY —(UP)— Mex- ican stock market operations in 1956 showed an increase of 900 per cent. over 1955, the National Stocks Commission reported. The report said stocks with an average value of $3 million were traded weekly in 1956, as against a weekly average of $320,000 in 1955. “This proves,” the Commission said, “that Mexican capitalists are participating increasingly in the economic life of the country with investments in stocks and bonds.” COLOMBIA TO PAY COMMERCIAL DEBT BOGOTA, Colombia — (UP) — Colombia will pay United States exporters $75,600,000, or 60 per cent of its $126 million commercial indebtedness, on Feb. 1, Finance Ministér Luis Morales Gémez an- nounced. The remaining 40 per, cent will be paid in 30 monthly instalments plus interest at the rate of 4 per cent per annum, the Minister said. The plan for paying the out- standing commercial debts has been approved by some of the most important American banks which are holding drafts against Colom- bian importers, he added. The dollar exchange needed for the Feb. 1 payment will be taken from the reserves of the Bank of the Republic. The subsequent in- stallments will be financed by Nat- which directs Colombia’s coffee in- ional Coffee Growers Federation; Cuba Wants to Improve Relations With Dominican Republic, Rey Says of President Batista, has never permitted activities of the Domini- can government foes, aimed to or- ganize disturbs” “We want, naturally, a likewise treatment in reciprocity by the Dominican government, and we ex- pect it,” stressed Dr. Rey. Are there any kind of efforts being made by one or both gov- ernment to attain that rapproche- ment between them? we asked the Cuban Minister of the Interior. “None — answered Rey — but our Minister of Agriculture, Fidel Barreto, is now in Ciudad Tujillo as a guest of his colleague the Min- ister of Agriculture of the Do- minican Republic. For what I have seen in the press, and that is all I |know his stay in the Dominican Republic has been satisfactory.” Besides all the Heads of per- manent Delegations and the above mentioned Ambassadors, the lunch- eon was attended by the following members of the Cuban Delegation: Ambassador Carlos Blanco; Consul General Alfredo Hernandez; and Dr. Oscar Ramirez. Other guests were Cuban Con- sul Antonio Souza and the Minis- ter Counselor Enrique Pérez Cis- neros, who is accompanying - Dr. Rey. “It was a luncheon of courtesy offered to me by Dr. Niifiez Por- tuondo and it gave me the pleas- ing opportunity of meeting or re- newing previous friendship with the representatives of friendly countries,” said Dr. Rey. “It did Dr. Ramén Statesman, “It is for me a great honor and satisfaction to be in charge of the diplomatic mission of Honduras before the Government of the United States,” declared to THE AMERICAS DAILY Dr, Ramén Vi- Meda Moralesa, ex candidate to the Presidency of the Republic of Hon- duras in the last election, and now Ambassador to the White House and the Organization of American States The outstanding Central Ameri- can. statesman arrived Monday night in Miami with his distin- guished wife, Mrs. Alejandrina Bermtidez de Villeda Morales, and their children. They were welcom- ed at the airport, in the name of the State Department, by Mr. Wal- ter Walters. Also at the airport to greet them were Hon. Francisco Aleman, Consul of Honduras, and his wife, the Editor of THE AME- RICAS DAILY, Horacio Aguirre, and other friends of the Honduran leader. Dr. Villeda continued his trip to Washington yesterday. At THE AMERICAS DAILY we had the honor of a courtesy visit by the outstanding statesman, well known in his country and in Latin American political circles for the high caliber of his ideology. The new Honduran Ambassador kindly answered our questions with clarity and ideological sincerity, and we noticed in his words the de- sire to establish his position within strict’ norms of political dignity and respect for the ideological values he represents as_ leader of the Liberal Party. “For me it has been a great hon- or and a deep satisfaction — Dr. Villeda Morales says — to head the diplomatic mission of Hon- duras before the Government of the United States, because of the bonds that have always united foe two countries, which will be strengthened, as well as for cur- rent reasons in economic matters, in which the countries of Latin America and the United States should have, closer bonds.” Asked about the current regime in Tegucigalpa, Dr. Villeda Mora- les, with faith in the democratic destiny of his country, and subor- dinating to that destiny his parti- cipation in the current government, said: “Yes, it is true that the Govern- ment I represent is a “de facto” Government, since it is a Military Junta which presides on the des- tinies of the Republic. That Junta has stated that its only essential objective is to return to constitu- tional normalcy. Faithful to that not have any other meaning.” dustry, the chief source of dollar exchange. - Announcement of the debt pay- ment plan brought a drop in the free market quotation of the U..S. ‘dollar, which sold at 6.25 pesos each, a droj of 2¢ points. PERUVIAN CREDIT FOR HOUSING PROJECTS LIMA (UP)— The Council of Ministers, presided by President Manuel Prado, decided to sent to Congres a bill aimed at facilitat- ing the construction of housing through the establishment of Mutual Credit Associations. ‘The bill was drafted by the Com- mittee on Agrarian and Housing Reform, official agency’ presided by Pedro Beltran, businessman and editor of the newspaper “La Pren- a.” The Committee has made and continues. making surveys on the problems for which it was creat- ed, with the assistance of U. S. ex- perts of several U.S, agencies such as the Federal Housing Adminis- tration and the National Associa- tion of Home Builders. MOVIE CONFERENCE OPENS IN MEXICO MEXICO CITY (UP)— With a high mass at the Cathedral of the Virgin of Guadalupe in this city, the First International Conference on Movie Culture was opened. The conference is sponsored by theh Mexican Legion Pro-Decency, promise and to the aspirations of Latin American News in B industries are attending. Among the delegates is the Peru- vian Andrés Ruskowiski. JAPANESE IMMIGRANTS GOING TO BRAZIL TOKIO (UP) — A group of 25 Japanese immigrants will leave Friday for Brazil, in a military transport built in Japan, as guests of the Brazilian Government. The Japanese, all single and be- tween 19 and 25 years of age, re- ceived free transportation in the military transport “Ary Parreiras,” of 5,000 tons, which is the third ship built for the Brazilian Navy at the Ishikawahima Shipyards. ‘PERONIST PARTY YIELDS MILLIONS.- BUENOS AIRES—(UP)— The liquidation of property of the Pe- ronist Party, dissolved by the Re- volutionary Government, has re- sulted in the return to the State/of more than sixteen million pesos, according to Treasury Ministry re- ports. The report also states that a building and 16,338 pieces of fur- niture have been liquidated to this moment. DROUGHT CONTINUES IN PERU LIMA (UP)— At the same time that new and important United States help for the victims of the drought is known, informations from Central Peri about the per- sistence of that phenomenum, with and representatives of 16 Europ- ean and Latin Ameriean movie tragic consequences and a slight improvement of the situation in Member Inter American Press Association For Liberty, Culture and Hemispheric Solidarity NUMBER 156 Honduran Envoy Confident of his Country's Return to Constitutional Government Villeda Morales Outstanding Visits THE AMERICAS DAILY the Honduran’ people, I trust that Honduras will enter the constitu- tional rhythm on more solid found- ations, with the aim of erasing the old sectarian prejudices, reorganiz- ing the country with a political, so- cial and economic mentality more adapted to the requirements of the world at this moment.” Knowing the fact that the popu- lar leader of Honduran liberalism enjoys well deserved esteem in of- ficial, diplomatic and social circles in Washington, we asked him about his former visits to the capi- tal. “Last year, and year before last, I was invited — Villeda Morales says — by the, Christian Democra- tic Association of Central Europe, which has a Committee in New York. On that occasion I submitted a work on “Freedom as a Pre-re- quisite of Everlasting Peace.” That congress, has as the principal aim the struggle against Communism, since the directors of the Christian Democratic Society are refugees of some of the countries behind the Tron Curtain.” “The second time I was invited by the Pro-Democracy and Free- dom Association and, in both oc- casions I have been aware of the democratic sensitiviness which it inspires to the people of the United States in its continental policy protection.” | f the southern zone, including the Department of Puno, arrived here. Authorities in the province of Grau, in the Apurinac Department, have declared a state of emergency due to the lack of food and “the first series of deaths from hunger.” In a telegram from the Sub-pre- fect and the mayor of the Grau Province, these officials asked the authorities in Lima to send help for the victims of the drought, in several places of the Andean zone. At the same time, in places as Chuquibambilla,” at 30 kilometers from Puno, they had rains of 8 milimeters at Ayacucho, © after more than a month without a drop. Again it rained steadily and in- tensely in the provinces of Victor Fajardo, Cangallo, La Mar and Huanta. HUNGARIAN TO STAY IN LATIN AMERICA RIO DE JANEIRO (UP)— Bela Guttman, coach of the Hungarian soccer team, said tonight he did not see “how many of us can re- turn to Hungary.” He pointed out that his remark was unofficial, and added that no- thing had been decided regarding the return of the delegation to Hungary, “but our thoughts are with the Fatherland, and I believe that most of us know that to return is impossible. But it is difficult to- forget families, friends and homes” Guttman said some of the play- ers are studying the possibility to remain in Latin America or Eu- rope, ILLUSTRIOUS VISITOR. — This photo was taken at the main entrance of THE AMERICAS DAILY, as Dr. Ramén Villeda Morales, new Ambassador of Honduras to the White House and to the OAS, as well as outstanding figure of Continental democracy, entered in a courtesy visit, which we appreciate in all its worth. Talking in general about thr Inter-American System, Villeda Mo rales, shows his enthusiasm for the Panamericanist cause. “Besides the representation of my people and . the government to the White House—he says—I am also their representative to the Organization of American States, the atmosphere of which -is well k because I have among the Diplomatic Corps in Washington and among the Re- presentatives to the OAS.” About his situation as candidate to the Presidency of the Republic for the Liberal Party, in the last elections, the Honduran stateman, declared: 3 & “Actually I was the candidate of the Liberal Party for the Pre- sideney of the Republic and the victory was recognized in the de- mocratie conscience of America, Unfortuately, maneauvers apt to ocurr in hot bdooded countries frustrated the aspirations of the people at that time. I continue following, my political ideology as a philosophy which will tend’ to create in Honduras a government of everybody, with everybody and for the good of everybody. Yester- day, on the occasion of my leaving Honduras, thousands of my friends and correligionaries in struggles came to the airport to offer me a friendly demostration of solida- rity.” ; With respect and admiration for the great values of Honduran women, Dr. Villeda said: “I am accompanied by my wife, who has been also‘in the struggle within the femenine democratic front of Honduras,” hoe At the airport the Editor of THE AMERICAS DAILY had an opportunity to speak to that great Lady who spoke in simple but clear terms about Honduras po- lities. Her simplicity’is no obs- tacle, however, to well reasoned explanations by Mrs. Villeda Mo- rales, who is very well document- ed on the political activities of Honduran women. Meanwhile, Ambassador Villeda Morales continued: - “I am confident in the mission to me entrusted, because of my constant optimism and faith in God and in the people who en- courages me in my work, entrust- ed to me by the Government Junta, which is engaged in work ‘of ad- ministrative reorganization with the view to establish a climate of democratic reccuperation.” “I am very pleased of having exchanged ideas with the “Editor of THE AMERICAS DAILY — continued saying the diplomat — of this newspaper which enjoys so much popularity both in Latin America and the United States, because of. its news reports, for the ideology inspiring it and be- cause it gives news of interests to the Americas, which I don’t believe to be two but only one, cause the common interests ave placed a common. deno- minator in the destiny of America. Therefore, we must speak of only one America.” And with these words ended our interview with the distinguish ed Honduran statesman. = A oe