Diario las Américas Newspaper, September 29, 1956, Page 8

Inter-American News for English- Speaking people S. SMITH Vice President Cc. W. SMITH | Vice President HORACIO AGUIRRE Vice President. Editer and Manager 6. A. SAN ROMAN President FRANCISCO AGUIRRE | Vice President and Publisher | Eliseo Riera-Gomez Advertising and Circulation Mgr Antonio Ruiz Managing Editor RE ET ST Published daily except Monday — Entered as second class matter at the Post Office of Miami Springs Fla. op February & 1956 EDITORIAL THE VOTE, A RIGHT AND A DUTY Within the principles of pure political philoso-| phy, to exercise the right to vote is also an obligation | of all citizens. However, this is truly effective when, | precisely, the electoral process as a. whole devel within the purity of those principles. Ops | Here, in the United States of America, where democracy is a reality, each person enjoying the) right to vote has the duty to go to the polls to show, his will. In that manner, he makes a contribution to, the functioning of public institutions and participa- tes in the responsibilities of the official life of the State. All the citizens of the United States of Latin) American origin have, therefore, the obligation, as every one else, to register on time, so they can take part in the civic-political activity of November 6, | when, in the name of democracy, without promises | nor thréats, the people of the United States will go to the. polls to deposit their vote for the candidates of their liking for President, Vice President, Sena-) tors and Representatives, It is important that every citizen of the United | States who is qualified to vote in the November | elections, comply with all the requirements of the| law in order to be able to exercise that right and do} his duty in the forthcoming -civic popular contest. The vote of Latin American origin must, of necessity, fulfills a very special task in the official | life of the United States, since that sector of the national electorate has the opportunity to contribute, indirectly, in the making of internal policies, and | above all’ the foreign policies of the United States, | in accordance with what the electors consider to be' most convenient for the high interests of the coun- | try. Regarding Interamerican relations of the} United States, that influence is very healthy, since) the citizens of Latin American origin are very in- terested, for sentimental and political reasons, in the sincere friendship between the people of the United States and the one hundred and seventy million} Latin Americans. Not to vote in elections that are held, as in the} ‘United States, within severe norms of freedom and democracy, knowing that the opinion of the indiv- idual is respected here and that, when it is a majority is decisive, and even in the position of minority has great value, means not only a lack of civic duty, but the loss of an excellent opportunity to exercise some) influence, even if relative, in the destinies of the Republic. | TREATY OF MUTUAL UNDERSTANDING AND COOPERATION BETWEEN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA AND THE REPUBLIC OF PANAMA 1955 ARTICLE VI | This Article shall become effective upon completion of the with- drawal by the United States of America from the sections of the City of Colén known as New Cristébal, Colon Beach and the De Lesseps Area, with the exception of the lots retained for consulate purposes, except that it shall in no case become effective prior to the exchange of the instruments of ratification of this Treaty and the exchange of instruments. of ratification of the Convention signed May 24, 1950, referred to in the preceding paragraph. ARTICLE VII The second paragraph of Article VII of the Boundary Convention signed September 2, 1914, between the United States of America and the Republic of Panama, shall be abrogated in its entirety as of the date of entry into force of the present Treaty. The landing pier situated in the small cove on the southerly side of Manzanillo Island, constructed pursuant to provisions contained in the second paragraph of Article VII of the Boundary Convention of 1914 bétween the two countries, shall become the property of the Government of the Republic of Panama as of the date of entry into force of the present Treaty. ARTICLE VIII (a) The Republic of Panama will reserve exclusively for the purpose of maneuvers and military training the area described in the maps (Nos. SGN-7-54 and SGN-8-54, each dated November 17, 1954) and accompanying descriptions prepared by the Comisién Catastral of the Republic of Panama, attached as the Annex hereto, and will permit the United States of America, without cost and free of all encumbrances, exclusively to utilize said area for the indicated purpose for a period of fifteen (15) years, subject to extension thereafter as agreed by the two Governments, This authorization includes the free access to, egress from, and movements within and over, said. area. This utilization will not affect the sovereignty of the Republic of Panama, or the operation of the Constitution and the laws of the Republic over the mentioned area. (b) The United States Armed Forces, the members thereof and| their families actually residing with them, and United States na-| tionals who, in an official capacity, are serving with or accompanying the Armed Forces of the United States and members of their families | graceful | then For a better understanding [APA to Disc NEW YORK, Sept. 28—(UP)— The Interamerican Press Associa- tion (IAPA) Executive Committee gave for publication the following statement: “The Interamerican Press As- sociation Executive Committee con- tinues watching, with deep anxiety, the events curtailing the press freedom in Colombia. « “The incidents which:have taken place in that unfortunate country makes Colombia’s problem one of the first topics in the agenda of the annual meeting of the IAPA, which will take place in Havana, Cuba, next month. “The last incidents of the series which has as-finality the total de- struction of press freedom, were the sentence imposed on Carlos Vi- KNOW THY NEIGHBOR By ANTONIO RUIZ PANAMA (Continued) — Per- haps the most interesting part of the crossing of the Panama Canal is the trip across Gatun Lake. On its shores are blossiming shrubs, palms and many trees from which hang long streamers of Spanish moss and orchids. Tiny islands dot the waters of the lake, in which large blossoms of water hyacinths and their long, coarse stems become so tangled that they have to be gathered and destroyed with acid to keep them from get- ting in the way of the ships. Strang- est of all the sights is the “dying forest,” the skeletons of trees that grew there before the lake was formed. From Gattin Lake the ship pas- ses through Gaillard Cut — a great gash between reddish brown walls of earth. Once on the other side of the cut, the ship must be lower- | ed to bring it to the level of the Pacific Ocean, which is done at the Pedro Miguel Locks, where it is lowered thirty feet much in the same way that it was raised at the Gattin Locks, except that instead of letting water in the lock cham- bers to raise the ship, the water is let out to lower it to the next step. From Pedro Miguel the ship makes the short trip across Mira- flores Lake, where it is lowered to sea level in two more steps. The channel of the Canal passes Bal- boa Heights and the great earth- work or mole that leads to the fortified islands which form part of the Canal defenses. The ship enters the Pacific Ocean, about nine hours after leaving the Atlantic side. For the crossing of the Canal by one ship, it is neces- sary to open and close twenty- three lock gates, open dozens of valves, and lower or raise twelve | protective chains. All this work is controlled by two men, one at each set of locks, who house, where he has a perfect view of the locks he has to control. He has a control board in which there is‘a miniature set of locks exactly like the ones he controls. Al- though ships passing to the Canal have to pay a total which apparent- ly seems high, ranging from $5,000 to 30,000 according to the size of the ship it is far less expensive than to pay wages for the crew on a much longer voyage, and the wear and tear of the ship is much less. Since construction of the Canal was completed, the size of ships has greatly increased, and larger locks are needed to pass these enormous vessels through the Ca- nal, as well as to provide a spare set of locks in case the others are. damaged. Therefore, men ame working once more there, cutting through the tropical forest to build an extra set of bombproof locks, so that they will be able to take any ship now afloat or that will be built in the near future, It is surprising for visitors to learn of the enormous distances saved by the use of the Canal. On a trip from New York to Valparaiso, Chile, the distance is four thou- sand miles shorter going through the Canal, and nearly nine thou- sand miles in a trip from New Orleans to San Francisco. Not on- ly the United States, but all of the American Republics and other nations of the world benefit with the use of the Panama Canal. Trade actually- residing with them will be exempted within the said area from all taxation by the Republic of Panama or any of its political subdivisions. is (Te be Continued) -~ has increased and speeded up while port cities have grown and tourist travel has been made much easier. Spanish Version Page 3 sit high up in the control | Miami Springs, Fla., Saturday, September 29, 1956 eres uss Attacks on Freedom of the Press by Colombian Government \llar Borda for “slander” and the | permanent ban on “Time” Maga- | zine. “The gagging and economic de- | struction of the outstanding Co- lombian dailies will be the object jof a detailed report by the Com- mittee of Freedom of the Press, at the meeting in Havana. “The Executive Committee also the arrest of 2 Venezuelan journal- arrest of two Venezuelan journal- ists: Ramén Velazquez, of the maga- zine “Elite” and José Gerbasi, of the daily “El Nacional.” The Com- | mittee accorded to wait for the re- port of the Press Freedom Com- | mittee, before deciding what de- cission to take. “The Executive Committee ac- knowledged receipt of the Report | prepared by the first Vicepresident Guillermo Martinez Marquez, of “El Pais,” of Havana, about the} | plans for the annual meeting. The | program was approved. | “The Committee of Freedom of |the Press will meet on October 24th, and 25th, the Directors Board on the 26th. and 27th. and the Gen- eral Assembly from Oct. 28th. ‘to | | Noy. 1st.” Stahlman Gets Americas Award For Year 1956 NEW YORK, Sept. 28—(UP)— James C. Stahlman, owner and editor of the “Nashville Banner” and President of the Interamerican Press Association, will receive the Award of\the Americas for 1956. The award was granted Stahlman for his services of Interamerican friendship and harmony, accord: ing to announcement made by the Foundation of the Americas, an or- ganization of leaders of commerce and other sectors interested in Lat- in America. Delivery of the Award will be made at the banquet that the Foundation will give on Columbus Day — October 12th—at a hotel in New York. This banquet is a hom- age of the Foundation to the Inter- american Press Association, and will be attended by outstanding newspaper editors from the Unit- ed States and Latin America, among them the ex-President of Ecuador Galo Plaza and the Presi- dent, of the Panamerican Society, Spruille Braden. Other personalities who have re- ceived the Award are: Dr. Alberto Gainza Paz, owner and director of “La Prensa” of Buenos Aires, Juan \T. Trippe, Dr. Nicholas Murray But- jler, Summer Welles, Herbert Ho- over, Tom Wallace. GUEST EDITORIAL Would Miami have a chance to become the home of the Organiza- tion of American States? Perhaps — a slim one. Representatives to the OAS, suc- cessor to the Pan American Union, reportedly feel the indifference of news media and people in the Unit- ed States to OAS activities is im- pairing its effectiveness. The Wash- ington Post quoted Luis Quintani- lla, representative of México, this week, “We may as well be in the Sahara Desert. If it were not for the society columns we would be completely ignored. We are work- ing behind an ice curtain, a curtain of indifference.” More interesting to Miamians, the Washington Post story says further, “Some of the ambassadors said the problem would be solved by moving the headquarters out of Washington to Denver an San Francisco, Others said Washington was the perfect headquarters and Cuban Business Unusually Good WASHINGTON, Sept. 27—(UP) Cuban business activities were un usually good in August, the year’s season low point usually, U. S. De partment of Commerce said today in its weekly report on Cuban busi ness conditions. The report gave the following reasons for the unusually good business activity: 1. The prospect of a larger sugar | production quota for next year. | 2. Good foreign demand for Cub an export products. 3. The sustained high level of construction, and large scale public works spending. 4. The 20 per cent increase in } summer tourist trade. | estate in the Isle of Pines. 5. Strong investments in real || HEMISPHERIC EVENTS URUGUAY TO PURCHASE U. S. FARM SURPLUSES MONTEVIDEO. — Up). — Uru- guayan Government officials were reported to be considering the purchase of $13 million worth of United States farm surpluses, chiefly cotton and tobacco. Qualified sources said that the Uruguayan textile and cigarette industries are facing serious cot- ton and tobacco shortages because the official import and export con- trol office recently suspended al- locations of foreign exchange for imports of those two raw materials, They pointed out that U. S. farm surpluses can be paid for in Uru- guayan currency and on long term credit. CHILE INVESTIGATES LABOR RIOTS SANTIAGO DE Chile —(UP)— The Chamber of Deputies in a spe- cial session named an investigation committee to report on the recent nitrate workers’ clash with the po- lice in Antofagasta wherein three Should OAS Move, Miami Should Bid other United States cities would ignore the organization just as Washington has”. However, moving the headquart- ers, of secretariat of OAS out of Washington has been proposed — informally, The Washington Post attributes the most recent. propos- al to Dario Sainte Marie, the Chil- ean presidential representative to an inter-American conference on economic problems, Sainte Marie said the OAS was “given little or no importance” in Washington. The OAS had its origins in the first inter-American Congress of Panama im 1828, and nine major inter-American conferences held between 1898 and 1948. The Pan American Union, established in 1902 and named in 1910, served as an-international secretariat for these conferences and also as an- information exchange center in non-political matters. The OAS was expanded by the Conference of Bogota to serve in four distinct areas besides the area of preserving the peace. They are politico-juridical, economic, cultur- al and social. The recent meeting of American presidents in Panama was held at the instigation of the OAS mission in the economic field more effective. ° All of this makes impressive background for the startling news from Washington, all the more wor- risome to good Pan - Americans since it seems to be something or of | tangible raising the question | what can be done about it. Whatever the possibility of mov- ing the OAS headquarters, Miami would prefer to be considered in preference to Denver and San Francisco. South America is south- | east of Miami, which is the geo- | graphical center of the 21 Ameri- can states. Why move the head- quarters several thousand miles northwest of Miami in a region more kin to the Pacific and Asia? (Reprrinted by courtesy of THE Miami Daily News)..-.. | men were killed. It gave the com- mittee 30 days to report. Héctor Correa Letelier, Vice-Pre- | sident, of the Chamber, and con- servative deputy, resigned during the session, He contended the chamber could not be constitu- tionally summoned by a minority petition once the term of ordinary sessions had ended. RED MILITIAS IN BRAZIL RIO DE JANEIRO —(UP) The Brazilian Meridional News Agency reported from Curitiba that the public prosecutor at Londrina had denounced the existence of a 3,000-man militia armed by com- munist unions in rural areas. of Parana State. The dispatch said the prosecutor was reporting the existence of the group to the War Ministry and to the National Security Council in Rio, The group was identified as the Union of Londrina Peasants and Salaried Farm Workers, an organ- Sevilla NEW CABINET FOR PANAMA PANAMA CITY — In well in- formed circles of this capital it} was learned that the Cabinet of the New President of the Republic, Ernesto de la Guardia, Jr., will be composed by the following persons: | Minister of Government and Justice, Manuel R., Arias, brother of the present President; Minister of Foreign Relations, Dr. Gilberto Arias, son of the ex President of} the Republic, Dr. Harmodio Arias; Minister of Treasury, Rubén D.| Carles, assistant manager of the Chase National Bank, Panama} Branch; Minister of Education, At-) torney Angel Lope Casis; Minister of Labor, Social Security and Pub- lic Health, Mrs. Cecilia Pinel de Remon, widow of the late Presi- dent, Colonel José A. Remén, who was assissinated on Jan 2, 1955;| Minister of Public Works, £ngi- neer Roberto Lépez Fabrega, and Minister of Agriculture, Commer ce.and Industries, Max Heurtemat- te. The new President of the Repub- lic will assume his duties in the morning of October Ist. EDITOR'S MOTHER TAKES OVER JOB OF JAILED SON MANAGUA — Mrs. Margarita Cardenal de Chamorro, mother of the Director of the conservative daily “La Prensa”, Dr. Pedro Joa- quin Chamorro Cardenal, who is now in prison awaiting the result} of the investigation conducted by| the Government about the attempt against the life of President So- moza, reopened the daily which was closed by the Government. Mrs, Cardenal de Chamorro, 56, widow of the founder of “La Pren- sa”, Dr. Pedro Joaquin Chamorro Z., returned Tuesday from Chicago to Managua. The owner of “La Prensa” was in the United States, visiting her sons, Javier, 24, a stud- ent of the Technical Institute and Jaime, 21, studying at Notre Dame University, when informed of, the | closing of the daily. " Mrs. Chamorro denied that | her son or any other of the em ployes of “La Prensa”, had any knowledge of the attempt against the life of President Somoza cr any connection with it. PRES. STROESSNER GRANTS INTERVIEW TO AMERICAS DAILY ASUNCION, Paraguay — The President of the Republic, General Alfredo Stroessner, received today, in private audience, Dr. Francisco Aguirre, Editor of THE AMERICAS DAILY, granting him an exclusive interview for the daily which is published in Miami, in Spanish and English, and is widely read in the For Liberty, Culture and Hemispheric Solidarity Member Inter American Press Association NUMBER 70 —$_—_—:: acasa Accuses Exiles of Wide Spread Plots in the Caribbean LUIS SOMOZA INSISTS HIS FATHER WAS VICTIM OF INTERNATIONAL PLOT |the Rigoberto Lépez Pérez, a Ni- MANAGUA, Sept. 28—(UP) — Luis Somoza, President in charge and son of President Anastasio So- moza, said yesterday that he is convinced the attempt against his father’s life last Friday aight in Leon had international conec- tions. He opposed the belief that caraguan, acted entirely on his own behalf. Lopez Pérez was killed on the spot. Meanti me Antonio Flores Vega, | former minister of development, has been released from jail. He was among the 300 arrested fol- lowing the shooting. It was con- firmed that Pablo Antonio Cua- dra, co-director of La Prensa, Con- servative opposition organ, was he- ing detained along with Joaquin Cuadra Chamorro, attorney of the Banco de América. Foreign Minister Oscar Sevilla Sacasa said that groups of exiles in México and Costa Rica had been very active lately. One of the prin- cipal opponents of the present gov- ernment, is a former colonel of the National Guard, Manuel Gémez Flores, now*believed in México. It was Gémez Flores who in 1954 en- tered Nicaragua from Costa Rica with a party of 21 allegedly to take the life of President Somoza. Since then — the minister said —he has participated in subversive activities and made trips behind the iron curtain. On 1955 he had an interview in Berne, Switzerland, with Jacobo Arbenz, President of Guatemala at the time the Govern- ment of that country was infiltrat- ed by communists.” “Gomez not only takes part in activities against Nicaragua, but al- so against other countries, especial- ly Cuba,” he said. Sevilla Sacasa said exiles from Nicaragua, Cuba, the Dominican Republic and other countries “have a united front and operated in organized manner in Central Ame- President in Charge Rejects Theory that Assassin was Working Alone Other revolutionary leaders men- tioned by the Foreign Minister were Juan José Meza “known as a communist,” Hernan Robleto, edit- or of “La Flecha,” and Adolfo Za- mora, the three residing in México. “The most important operating in Costa Rica are ex President Adolfo Diaz, “who frequently tra- vels with his nephew. Ernesto So- lérzano Thompson, especially col- lecting funds, and Virgilio Vega Fornos, who took part in the plot of 1954 and took asylum at the Embassy of Guatemala,” he added. Sevilla Sacasa said also that “op- ponents are active also in Honduras and El Salvador,” and mentioned among them Toribio Tijerino, a conservative an ex private secret- ary of Emiliano Chamorro. COSTA RICAN GOVT. TAKE PRECAUTIONS SAN JOSE, Costa Rica, Sept. 28 (UP)— The Government of Costa Rica informed Nicaragua it has taken measures to prevent Nicara- guan exiles or any other elements from activities aimed to cause dis- orders in Nicaragua. The Costa Rican communication is in answer to a Note from Minis- ter of Foreign Relations of the Managua Government, Oscar Sevi- lla Sacasa, in which he asked for measures to control “subversive ac- tivities of any person who pretends to place in danger the peace and security of Nicaragua.” The Costa Rican Government ex- press that, before the receipt of the request of the Nicaraguan State Department “maximum measures pertaining to the matter were al ready taken” to control the activi ties “not only of the Nicaraguans but of any resident alien.” It add ed that it had ordered “extreme vigilance of the Northern frontier.” These measures were brought to the attention of the Nicaraguan rica and the Caribbean.” Embassy in San José. BALBOA, Sept. 28—(UP)—The | Chief Surgeon of Walter Reed Hos pital, Major General Leonard Hea ; ton made, early this morning and | before he started his return trip | to the United States, a final ex amination of Nicaraguan President Anastasio Somoza, and declared | that the condition of the patient continue being as stated in the} medical bulletins, with the only dif | ference that he now responds bet | ter to stimulants. United States and Latin America. ‘Latin American News in Brief the Labor Ministry here. According to the Meridional dis- patch, the prosecutor said the group is understood to have air- planes, jeeps and machine guns “for use in subversive movments,” INTERNATIONAL BRIDGE RIO DE JANEIRO —(UP) President Juscelino Kubitschek signed into law a bill appropriat- ing $1,650,000 for an international bridge across the Parana River. The span, to be erected above famous Iguazu Falls, will link the Brazilian - Paranagua - Izagi high- way with the Oviedo - President Franco highway in Paraguay, WHALING INDUSTRY STARTED IN PERU LIMA, Peré —(UP)— The big Minneapolis, Minn. grain and oil processing firm Archer - Daniel- midland was reported in official and business eircles here to be organizing a whaling venture in Heaton, accompanied by two of | The headquarters of the joint American - Peruvian Company will be in the Northern Peruvian port of Paita, where, according to the sources, a large whale oil proces- sing factory will be built and ready to go into production in the second quarter of 1957. Federico Bolognesi, prominent Piura businessman, was said to he the Peruvian side of the joint ven- ture, , According to the report, the new enterprise already has obtained a coricession to hunt whales in waters off Piura and to have bought the acreage known as Tierra Colo- rada for the factory. A DRIVE AGAINST RIO PICKPOCKETS RIO. DE JANEIRO —(UP)— Po- lice reported that a drive agairist pickpockets in suburban trains of the Brazilian Central Railway yes- terday netted 21 pickpockets and Pert in association with local in- ization which is not recognized by terests, 16 minors whom police described Dr. Heaton Returns to the United States, While Somoza Gets Better Panamaniam surgeon Revilla Gonzalez _ Highly Praised by U. S. Army Surgeon the specialists who came with him ° to operate on Somoza, left in the same Constellation plane which took them to Managua and brought the Nicaraguan Chief Executive to Panama. Shortly before departing Heaton made the following statement: “Before I leave for Washington I wish to express my sincere thanks for the fine attentions and coopera tion extended to Forsee, Cohen and myself by officials and private ci tizens of Nicaragua, Panama and the Canal Zone. Their help and en couragement signified a lot for us in the discharge of the mission en trusted to us. GONZALEX REVILLA HIGHLY PRAISED “I am sure that President So moza is in highly capable and com petent hands at Gorgas. The per- sonnel ot this excellent hospital is worthy of all my confidence. It has been a particularly agreeable experience to be associated during the last few days with the eminent Panamanian neuro surgeon, Dr. Antonio Gonzalez Revilla. His judg- ;|ment and surgical ability were in- valuabie help. “My visit was of the most serious \kind, but I will always have pleas ant memories of the beauty of Cen tral America and the qualities of cordiality of its people. In concle sion, I want to express my ,most sincere votes for the total recovery of President Somoza. To his family my best wishes and high esteem for the courage they demostrated in the days of trial.” Heaton said they had not dis cussed yet the possibilities of Se moza’s.return to Nicaragua to re new, even in limited degree, his functions as President. When asked if Somoza had beet near to be killed during the assas sination attempt, Heaton said: as apprentice pickpockets, “Very near.”