Diario las Américas Newspaper, September 21, 1956, Page 10

Inter-American News for English- Speaking people 4th YEAR Cc. W SMITH S. SMITB Vice President Vice President HORACIO AGUIRRE Vice President. Editor and Manager G, A SAN ROMAN President FRANCISCO AGUIRRE Vice President and Publisher Eliseo Riera-Gomez Advertising and Circulation Mgr Antonio Ruiz Managing Editor ES Published daily except Monday — Emrered as second class matter at the Post Office of Miami Springs. Fla. on Febrnary © 1956. EDITORIAL POLITICAI, RESPONSIBILITY OF EVERY CITIZEN Each individual, whether he is an active mem- ber of a political party or not, has a minimum of political responsibility inherent to his condition of citizen, to which he must react with high civic sense, ‘with patriotic emotion, with honest attitudes. That obligation extends to any country, large or small. However, in the small community, op- portune and balanced intervention of the citizen is more necessary, in particular in the face of great political problems, in the sense of assuming his in- dividual responsibility within national life. The citizen, as a member of the community, as integral part of the people —which is the source of political power— has, for these reasons, determined basic obligations of political character, which he cannot easily disregard without failing in his duties toward the Fatherland. For reasons of fitness or temperament, there are some who dedicate themselves with tenacity, with particular enthusiasm and interest, to perma- nent political activities. Therefore, these individ- uals are, in one form or another, those who exercise | more influence in the destinies of the official life of a nation. The existence of this type of citizen has resulted on many occasions in that, whether in good faith or| for mere convenience, those who like to call them-| selves completely: apolitical, which is incompatible) with the quality of a citizen, show total indiference before the national problems of political character. Generally this attitude is seen when the cooperation of the citizens is needed most, when there is an in- stitutional crisis, when there is unrest because of threats of arbitrariness in the part of those exercis- ing power. In a relative sense, the apolitical condition of a} citizen could be accepted. But this does not justify absolute indiference toward the daily political events, no matter how hard they may be, because that represents a lack of loyalty to the Republic, lack of civic courage, lack of conscience to confront the minimum of political responsibilities which citizen- ship implies. In the face of determined problems affecting the life of a nation, involving in a transcendental manner its political destiny, there is no room for neutrality under the banner of a convenient apolitic- al condition, because this constitutes a total renun- ciation to citizenship, as well as disloyalty to the Fatherland. TREATY OF MUTUAL UNDERSTANDING AND COOPERATION BETWEEN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA AND THE REPUBLIC OF PANAMA 1955 ARTICLE H (1). Notwithstanding the provisions of Article X of the Con- vention signed November 18, 1903, between the United States of America and the Republic of Panam, the United States of America agrees that the Republic of Panama may, subject to the provisions of paragraphs (2) and (3) of this Article, impose taxes upon the income (including income from sources within the Canal Zone) of all persons who are employed in the service of the Canal, the rail- road, or auxiliary works, whether resident within or outside the Canal Zone, except: (a) members of the Armed Forces of the United States of America, (b) citizens of the United States of America, including those who have dual nationality, and other individuals who are not citizens of the Republic of Panama and who reside within the Canal Zone. (2) It is understood that any tax levied pursuant to paragraph (1) of this Article shall be imposed on a non-discriminatory basis and shall in no case be imposed at a rate higher or more burdensome than that applicable to income of citizens of the Republic of Panama generally, . (3) The Republic of Panama agrees not to impose taxes on pen- sions, annuities, relief payments, or other similar payments, or pay- ments by way of compensation for injuries or death occurring in connection with, or. incident to, service on the Canal, the railroad, or auxiliary works paid to or for the benefit of members of the Armed Forces or citizens of the United States of America or the lawful beneficiaries of such members or citizens who reside in territory under the jurisdiction of the Republic of Panama. The provisions of this Article shall be operative for the taxable years beginning on or after the first day of January following the year in which the present Treaty enters into force. (To be Continued) (e) Kubitschek Works to Avert Strike RIO DE JANEIRO, Sept. 20 —) es. (UP) President Juscelino Kubit-] Alvaro Lins, chief of the presi- schek and other government offi-| dential civil household, met yester- cials worked today to avert a na-|day with officials of the Labor, tional maritime strike scheduled to| Transport and Navy ministries in| begin tomorrow. }an attempt to work out an ac-/ Maritime unions have threaten-| ceptable compromise on the wage | ed to pull out 30,000 longshoremen | demands. Lins said a report on the! _ in Brazil’s chief seaports to sup-| meeting was submitted to Kubit- port their demands for higher wag- lachek for study. For a better understanding Dail between the Americas Miami Springs, Fla., Friday, September 21, 1956 Colombian: Conservatives Democracy's BOGOTA, Sept. 20—(UP) Two important factions of the Colomb- | ian Conservative Party, which were divided for several years, have} signed a union pact favoring re- establishment of a democratic re- gime in the country. The two groups are the one fol- lowing the official direction of the party, and the faction which con- tinues supporting ex President KNOW | THY | NEIGHBOR | | | i} By ANTONIO RUIZ ECUADOR — The first social se- | curity institution in Ecuador was | the Pension Fund (Caja de Pen- siones), established in 1928, The Present compulsory social insur- ance system, created by law in 1935 and subsequently expanded by additional legislation, is admin- | istered by the National Social Se- | curity Institute (Instituto Nacional de Previsién Social) through its two agencies: the Pension Fund and the Social Insurance Fund (Caja del Seguro,. The former is the social security agency for pub- tic, bank’ and insurance company employes, its own personnel, the nilitary and any voluntary affili- ates; the latter is teh agency for private employes and all workers ot covered by the Pension Fund disability and old age insurance; widowhood and orphan’s insurance, Social Security benefits include sickness and maternity insurance: and insurance against occupational jaccidents and disease. The funds of the “Caja del Seguro” are deriv- ed from three main sources: 1) individual contributions of 5 per cent of the wages of insured work- ers; 2) seven per cent of the same wages to be contributed by the employer, and 3) contributions by the Government, derived from real estate and other taxes and revenues specifically earmarked for the | Fund, The social security system em- braces all private employes and workers in general, with the power to broaden its scope to all workers — farm workers, independent workers and artisans, home work- ers, domestic servants, etc. The Na- tional Institute has been extend- ing social security benefits’ to all these workers as rapidly as facili- ties’ permit. The Ministry of Social Welfare and Labor has a social ser- vice section which directs its acti- vities toward improving home life, protecting infants and minors, and assisting in,maternity cases. The National School of Social Service and the Mariana de Jestis | Social Service School, both in Qui- |to, train social workers who are | assigned to a variety of public ins- titutions, including infant and ma- ternity centers, juvenile courts, or- phanages and re-education centers, | dispensaries and hospitals. The Central Public Assistance Boards, in addition to running hospitals and welfare institutions, are active- | ly engaged in social service work. With the exception of compul-| sory social security, all matters re- lating to labor are regulated by the Labor Code, enacted August 5, 1938 Unite to Struggle for Restoration Laureano Gémez, deposed by military coup in 1953. Leaders of the two grups de- clared that conservative union “ean be firmly realized only through sincere practice of the doc- trine,” and assert that “national disturbances and current difficult circumstances impose a reconcilia- tion of conservatives and a loyal understanding between the historic parties, within autonomy, discipline and independence that are their tions.” They add: “We are plainly iden- tified with the urgent need to re- establish in the country a demo- eratic regime, the exercise of the rights inherent to the human per- son and the reign of national peace, fundamentals essential in a Christ- ian democracy,” and that “ as a consequence, we will execute all the acts, ruled by morality and patriotic duties, to achieve the above mentioned objectives.” Regarding the same matter, sev- eral weeks ago a pact of under- standing was signed between ex President Laureano Gomez, conser- vative, and liberal ex President Al- berto Lleras Camargo, head of the Liberal Party. Among those signing the conser- | vative declaration are very promin- ent politicians, some of them ex ministers, including Guillermo Leén Valencia, Luis Ignacio An- drade, Guillermo Salamanca, Fran- cisco de Paula Pérez, Juan Uribe Cualla, Alfredo Araujo Grau, Juan Uribe Holguin, Gonzalo Restrepo, José Maria Bernal, and others. NEW CABINET The new cabinet of President Ro- jas Pinilla, announced yesterday, is formed as follows: Government, José Enrique Ar- boleda Valencia, 38 year old law- er; War, Maj. Gen. Gabriel Paris; Development, Col. Mariano Ospina Navia; Communications, Gen. Gus- tavo Berrio Mujfioz; Public Works, Admiral Rubén Piedrahita (now in Washington as Rojas Pinilla’s re- presentative at the Interamericaa Presidential Commission); Justice, Luis Carlos Giraldo; Treasury, Nestor Ibarra; Agriculture, Eduar- do Berrio Gonzalez; Labor, Carlos Arturo Torres Poveda (now Am- bassador to Bolivia); Health, Car- los Marquez Villegas (now Dean of the Faculty of Medicine); Mines, Francisco Puyana Menéndez (now manager of the Colombian Petro- leum Corporation); and Education, Josefina Valencia de Hubach (now governor of Cauca Department.) Costa Rican Bank Gets Loan to Develop Agriculture WASHINGTON—(UP) The In- ternational Reconstruction and De- velopment Bank announced a loan of $3,000,000 to Banco Central de Costa Rica to help the acomplish- ment of a Program of Loans for the Development of Agriculture and Light Industries. The Corn Exchange Bank of New York participate in the operation, without guarantee from the Inter- national Bank, up to $366,000 amount which represents the first and second installment. and subsequent amendments, the | basic principles of which are con- | tained in Article 185 of the Con- stitution. The Code regulates hours, wages, and working conditions; in- dividual and collective contracts, | trade unions, strikes and settle-| ments of labor disputes. Minimum wages are revised every two years by the Minimum Wage Commission of each province. The maximum working day in Ecuador is eight hours, and for un- derground work six hours. Working periods may not exceed 44 hours a week except for overtime work as provided by the Code. In addition to compulsory days of rest and civic holidays, all workers and employes are entitled to a vacation of fifteen consecutive working days with pay per year. The right of workers to organize trade unions and federations is guaranteed by the Constitution and ‘by the Labor Code, as is the right to strike, subject to certain regula- tions. The Labor Administration (Direccién y Subdireccién del Tra- bajo) and the Labor Commissions (Comisarias del Trabajo), are res- ponsible for tlie enforcement of the Labor Code, together with the Supreme courts and the Boards of : Conciliation and Arbitration, There are labor inspectors for each province, each with a number of assistants according to the needs of the region. Spanish Version Page 3 HEMISPHERIC EVENTS Latin American | SERIOUS CHARGES MADE IN PANAMA PANAMA CITY (SICO) — The “Wianqui S. A.” company has sub- mitted a complaint to the Attot- ney General, against the National Government, for the seizure of “Radio Urraca,” which the com- pany owns, and which they claim was taken without trial, apparently because it was used for an inter: view, during an independent pro- gram with the well-known investi- gator of narcotics smuggling Dr. Gaspar Bilo Méndez. According to the complaint, Dr. Biio Méndez declared he had in his possession evidence that he con- siders irrefutable to clear the vio- lent death of President José A. Re- mon and the following sentence of Vice President José Ramén Gui- zado, which he considers hasty, making serious charges against different persons who have high positions today. He also dennounc- ed as fraudulent the elections of last October. When his radio interview ended, Dr. Bilo Méndez was arrested and jailed. A detachment of National Guard, armed with machine-guns, took possession then of the radio | President of the Republic for the own, for the restoration of institu-| moving of persons from one place ne Two Provinces Under State of Siege in Chile Strikers Blamed SANTIAGO, Chile, Sept. 20 — (UP) The Government declared a six-month state of siege in the northern provinces of Antofagasta and Tarapacé, exactly at the mo- ment in which eight thousand work- ers of the Nitrate Industry called an end to a strike of three months. The state of siege authorizes the to another within the national ter- ritory, or to put them under arrest. The measure is the result of a state of agitation which it is said to have created the incident be- tween the Carabineros (National Police) and the strikers at the ni- trate plant of Compafija Salitrera Anglo -Lautaro, in which three workers died during the shooting started when the strikers resisted the efforts of the Carabineros to arrest the leaders of the movement. The arrests were ordered by the courts, ‘4 Revolutionary Landings Will Serve as Training vr For Liberty, Culture and Hemispheric Solidarity Member Inter American Press Association NUMBER 63 for Army , Batista Says EX VICE PRESIDENT SAYS HE HAS NO INTENTION OF FORMING NEW PARTY GOV. MUNOZ MARIN LEARNING TO FLY SAN JUAN, P. R.—(UP) — Gov. Luis Muoz Marin is learn- ing to fly, it was disclosed yester- day. Marco Rigau, one of his aides, said the 58-year - old Governor “has taken quite a few theoric lessons in flying.” Mujfioz, who is running for a third term in the November elections, is using a twin-motored plane in his campaign trips through the island. “It will take a long time until I learn, but the truth is aviation fascinates me,” Mufioz explained, Mufioz, the first popularly- elected Governor of Puerto Ri- co, has served two four-year terms, Eisenhower Commission to Hold Second Meeting Proposal was Made Next January by the Nicaraguan Ambassador, Guillermo Sevilla Sacasa WASHINGTON, D. C. — (Special to THE AMERICAS DAILY) — The Eisenhower C its first sessions in this capi ‘ommission, which just ended tal city, will meet again in January. Guillermo Sevilla Sacasa, personal representative of the President of Nicaragua, submitted the proposal, in order to be able to establish a definite time for continuation of the work started the 17th of this month in Washington by the representatives of all the Presidents of the American Republics, tending to find ways and means to solve Inter- American economic problems. ° ; Sevilla Sacasa, Dean of the Latin American Diplomatic Corps in the United States, as well as distinguished attorney and diplomat of wide experience in Latin American mat- ters, proposed also creation of a. permanent Secretariat in charge of receiving and studying the different reactions of the Presidents of the Americas to recommendations made by the Commission. This Secretariat will be in charge of final presentation of the problems in the meeting being held in Washington next January. Ecuador Wants U.S. Economic Mission QUITO —(SICO) — The Minis- ter of Economy, Federico Intriago- Arriata, declared that he will ap- point two technical counselors for the Ministry, Dr. Germanico Sal- gado, official of the Central Bank of Ecuador, who will be general counselor on economic matters, with special attention to monetary policies, and Engineer Edmundo Merino, of the technical staff of the National Board. of Economic Coordination and Planning, who will be counselor in agricultural matters and industrial develop- ment. He explained that the two will share the General Secretariat of the Ministry. Questioned by newspapermen, Minister Intriago - Arriata declar- ed that his office will insist with the United States to make effective station, saying they were acting ac- cording to orders from above, “TIMES” SCHOLARSHIP WINNER IN NEW YORK NE WYORK—(UP) — The Inter American Press Association (IA- PA) announced the arrival from Santiago, Chile, of Miss Maria Mar- mentini, who will enter the School of Journalism of Columbia Uni- versity, as the winner of a scholar- ship granted by “The New York Times.” HE DEMANDS SERVICE MEXICO—(UP)— When Carlos Esparza Pérez signals the street car motorman to stop, he wants him to do just that. Evidence of this is that he was’ arrested after shooting with his re- volver at a motorman that went on his way without bothering to stop to take him as a passenger, IAPA MEETING IN HAVANA NEXT MONTH HAVANA (Special to THE AME- RICAS DAILY) — The annual As- sembly of ‘the Interamerican Press Association (IAPA) to be held q ‘ the offer to send a technical mis- sion of the International Monet- ary Fund—of which Ecuador is a member with a contribution of $18,757,000 to make a study of the complex economic problems of Ecuador, especially of fiscal order. Such mission would be sent by the Bank of Reconstruction and De- velopment, subsidiary of the Monet- ary Fund, The Minister declared also that one of the problems to which his office will pay more atention is that of colonization of abandon- ed lands that can be used, giving farmers all credit facilities requir- ed to work them specially in the cultivation of indispensable raw materials which now are import- |protection and aid to the Cuban ed. Day,” with a meeting in the daily “El Mundo” building. On the 26th. the session of the Board of Director will be initiated in the “Rosita de Hornedo” Hotel, with the reading, of the reports of the Presidentof the Executive Com- mittee, the Treasurer and the Pre- sident of the Interamerican Press Freedom Tribunal. The general assembly will begin on the 28th. in the same hotel and will end on the Ist. of November. Afterward, until the 3rd., inclusive, the delegates will be guests at dif- ferent receptions and other acts. DRYDOCK FOR RIO RIO DOE JANEIRO —(UP) A floating drydock built in France for a private shipyard here, arrived after a 70-day haul across the At- lantic. The 570-foot long dock is large enought to handle any ship in Brazil’s present merchant fleet. IKE SENDS BEST WISHES TO CHILE WASHINGTON—(UP) President Eisenhower sent “best wishes” to Chile on the Chilean National Ho- here during next month, will be initiated on the 25th. “Journalist liday. The President’s message to Chil- ews in Brief HAVANA, Sept. 20—(UP) The President of the Republic, General Fulgencio Batista said in a press conference that those who are cons- piring against his regime “are lunaties known in the Carib.” He did not give importance to possibilities of success of any in- vasion plan, and declared that any landing “would only serve as train-| ing” for the Cuban Armed Forces. Batista dubbed as “absurd” the press versions about ex-President of México, Lazaro Cardenas, giving revolutionaries in that country, He said that Cardenas is “a good friend of Cuba and also a personal friend of mine.” The President stated that he did not overlook the possibilities of in- ternal disorders; but he said that such “terrorists activities . .. never attain the category of revolutions but only mere ‘cases for the po- lice.” Finally, the President said that the Cuban people may have as- surances of peace and prosperity under his regime. He pointed out that the Armed Forces maintains only the normal vigilance of the country activites. EX VEEP WILL NOT FORM A NEW PARTY NEW YORK, Sept. 20—(UP) — Ex-Vicepresident of Cuba, Guiller- mo Alonso-Pujol, in meetings he had with several individuals, out- standing in Cuban politics, declar- ed that he will not form a new par- ty. Sources close to Alonso- Pujol, who arrived night before last, a- board the “Queen Mary,” reported that the ex-Viceprésident was op- possed, in those meetings, to the project of creating a new political organization. They added that Alonso-Pujol will leave for Havana next week and that, on Monday, he will see ex-President Carlos Prio Socarras, in Miami. “Alonso-Poujol will reiterate to Prio his opinion that participation in any type of elections to be held in Cuba,.is a must.” The meetings were attended by Juan Antonio Rubio Padilla; Nes- tor Carbonell; Porfirio Pendas; Jo- sé Antonio Casanueva and Ramon Rivero, Sub-Director of the Havana daily “Avance,” who attended only in his character of newspaperman. Alonso-Pujol, who will return to Cuba next Wednesday, recently has maintained extense correspond- ence with ex-President Carlos Prio Socarras. He refused to make any declara- tions; but promised that on his arrival at the Cuban capital he will publish a document defining his political position. One source said that Alsono-Pu- jol’s forty pages last letter to Prio, revealed that there are differences in the view points of the ex- President and his Vice-President. These differences are in regard to the question about “if the op- position should participate or not in any type of elections convoked by the Government of General Ful- gencio Batista. Alonso-Pujol a veteran politician and skillful parlamentarist, will hold other meetings here with his friends before he leaves for his vi- sit to Prio in Miami and return to Cuba; but thehre are no indica- tions that. he may change his posi- tion. “He is oppossed, decidedly, to the organization of a new party,” em- phasized one of the informants. Venezuelan Envoy Praises Work of Interamerican Commission WASHINGTON, Sept. 20—(UP) Venezuela’s Ambassador César Gonzélez expressed his conviction that the Interamerican President Commission, in which he was the personal representative of his country’s President, Marcos Pé- rez Jiménez has made a beneficial contribution for a better evalua- tion of the Hemisphere problems. After the Commission finished its work yesterday noon, Ambassad- or Gonzalez issued the following statement: “I feel highly! honored for the true privilege that I enjoyed in taking part in.this important meet- ing of the representatives of the American Republics Presidents which, as we all know, was the result of the excellent suggestion made not long ago, at Panama, by President Eisenhower. “The general attitude that pre- ean President Carlos Ibafiez del Campo said, “it gives me pleasure to send to your excellency and to the people of Chile the congratu- lations and best wishes of the peo- ple of the United States on this aniversary of the independence of Chile.” NO PACT RENEWAL WITH YUGOSLAVIA RIO DE JANEIRO—(UP) The Fereiga Ministry said that a trade and payments accord with Yugos- lavia which expired Sept. 10 will not be ‘renewed, The Ministry said that payment for future Brazilian exports to Yu- goslavia can be made in U. S, dollars, pounds sterling or any of the currencies participating in Bra- zil’s European multilateral pay- ments plan. Imports from Yugosla- via can be paid for only in U. S. dollars bought at government cru- rency auctions here. CROP INCREASE BUENOS AIRES —(UP) — The Agriculture Ministry announced its latest ‘estimate of the 1955-56 sun- flower seed crop, an important source of edible oils, shéwing a pro- vailed during the whole meeting was to focuss the Interamerican problems from a practical angle. The will for action was present in every and each one of my distin- guished colleagues, fact that, in- deed, can be interpreted as a se- quency of the similar attitude in the part of the Presidents of their respective countries. “The Econofic Fund, proposed by Venezuela, is a clear demon- stration of the above mentioned practical foccusing of the eventual elimination of the main obstacles, at least, to América progress. The said Economic Fund, proposed by President Pérez Jiménez during his visit to Panam4 and later en- thusiastically confirmed by him is, in the gpinion of the majority of my colleagues — and I dare to say, of all of them — one of the best means to combat the existing pro- blems in the economic and social fields. The scope of the fund is as ambitious as flexible in regard to its constitution, organization and function. “My general impression on our work here is that we have made a profitable contribution for a bet- ter evaluation of the present pro- blems. Such evaluation is a very constructive step toward the de- finitive elimination of the difficul- ties which we face yet. “T am pleased to express, in the name of President Pérez Jiménez and mine, our very sincere thanks for the many attentions extended to our group during the meeting, especially to the President of the U. S.; the President of the Commis- sion and the Department of State.” The Economic Fund referred to by the Venezuelan Ambassador, is the offer of the Venezuelan Chief Executive of a maximum of 100; 000,000 Bolivars as a contribution for the economic development:-of the Hemisphere, under the condi- tion that the rest of the American Republics contribute to the Fund with a 3.75 per cent of the nation- al budgets. of 116.6 per cent over last years crop. Argentina had to import thir- ty-million dollars worth of edible oils from the United States this year because of local shortages, FIRE INVESTIGATED % LA PLATA, Argentina —(UP) Police began an investigation to determine if sabotage was inyolv- ed in a fire at the “La Blanca” packing house which caused dam- duction of 754,000 tons, an increase ages of several million pesos.