Diario las Américas Newspaper, March 31, 1954, Page 8

THE WEATHER Fair Wednesday ex- cept partly cloudy. Con- tinued warm. MIAMI, FLA., WEDNESDAY, MARCH 31, 1954. he J EDITORIAL RECENT OCCURRENCES AT THE REDLAND SCHOOL IN SOUTH FLORIDA Reports of recent date of discrimination against children of Hispanic American origin at Redland School in south Dade County have been receiving notice both here locally and abroad as well. A group of parents whose children attend clas- ses at Redland decided to keep their offspring away from the school as long as children of Hispanic American origin living in the neighborhood cont- inued to be received as regular pupils there. Asa ‘result of the parent-inspired boycott—an attitude that happily was not shared by all families residing in the Redland region—local school authorities * decided to segregate the children of Latin Amer- ican parentage and transfer them to another locat- ion where, as it has been shown so graphically in the local press, the children have but scarce facilities at hand for their training and comfort. It is a pleasure to point out that despite the narrow attitude assumed by certain heads of family in the Redland neighborhood, many other people from that area have lifted their voice in protest, and they include families whose children attend Redland School. Mr. Joseph Lee Morgan, who is principal of the school, told the Americas Daily that he wasn’t in agreement with the boycott, which was ¢based on pretexts that the Latin children couldn’t speak fluent English and that they came to school looking untidy. ‘ It is to be hoped that school officials will revoke their decision to separate the Hispanic American children from their American fellow pupils, for such a step not only would meet with the approval of most parents in the Redland area but it would be in conformity with the most elementary principles of human kindness and those upon which modern education concepts are based. Precipitate action, one, serve only to create scandal, both here and abroad, where people are likely to develop mistaken jdeas about life in the United States. In contrast to some of their number, the attitude taken by many parents in the Redland area who deplore and condemn the hasty way the Latin American children were treated should be made known for the good name of the United States in other parts of the world. : SPANISH LESSONS FOR BEGINNERS BY G. B. Palacin Professor of the University of Miami, Fla. Lesson 52 (b) INTERROGATIVE INDEPENT CLAUSES 1. The direct question is expressed by an interrogative pronoun or adverb when the question falls on the subject or an object. Ex.: quien (subject) zquién viene? de donde (object) ade dénde viene? 2. When the question falls on the predicate, the interrogative is not used. Ex.: ° iviene José? iViene de Boston? 3. The indirect question is expressed by an interrogative pro- noun or adverb when the question falls on the subject or on the object. Ex.: pregunta quién ha llegado pregunta de dénde vienen 4. We use the word si (if) in the indirect question when the question falls on the predicate. Ex.: pregunta si ha llegado José dime si ha llegado José 5. The indirect question may have the conjunction que before the interrogative pronoun or adverb in these cases: After the verb preguntar. Ex.: pregunta que si ha llegado José pregunta que si estas cansado b) After the verb decir with the sense of preguntar. Ex.: dice que si ha legado José dice que si estas cansado 6. With the verb preguntar the conjunction que may be ommit- % pregunta que si estas cansado, or pregunta si estas cansado pregunta que si ha legado José, or pregunta si ha Heease ‘ ce SUBSCRIBE TO THE AMERICAS. DAILY as in cases like the present) For a beiter understanding between the Americas THE AMERICAS DAILY Daily For Liberty, Culture and Hemispheric Solidarity NUMBER 224 IKE ASKS CONGRESS FOR NEW U. S. FOREIGN TRADE POLI [ Know | THY NEIGHBOR By ANTONIO’ RUIZ COSTA RICA, one of the small- est of the Latin American coun- tries, is, however, one of the most progressive. Highly characteristic of Costa Rica is her excellent system of primary and secondary education. For ever a century the Government has boasted of hav- ing more teachers than soldiers, more school houses than barracks. In the last fifty years illiteracy has dropped from 70% to less than 15% of the population. The area of Costa Rica is 23,000 square miles, and the population is esti- mated in about 900,000. The ranges of the Andean Cordillera traverse Costa Rica a little to the west of the center of the country, reach- ing altitudes of 13,000 feet in some places, and giving a variety of climate to a country entirely within the tropics. Costa Rica has a vast network of rivers and be- cause of the mountainous sources water power is abundant. Of the sixteen rivers in Costa Rica, the most important is the Rio San Juan, which drains Lake Nicara- gua into the Caribbean. Every- where in the valleys of Costa Rica the soil is unusually rich, a pro- duct of volcanic ash deposited over the centuries. The Costa Rican vol- canoes are practically extinct now, although some are still mildly act- ive. Christopher Columbus discov- ered Costa Rica on September 19, 1502, on his fourth and last trop to the New World, when a sudden tempest drove his ship into Cariay Bay, today the site of Puerto Li- mon. Columbus sent his brother Bartolomé to explore the country which is now Costa Rica. The first Spanish settlement in Costa Rica was named Bruselas and was lo- cated in the Pacific Coast, near the present site of Punta Arenas. The colonial history of Costa Ri- ca, however, really begins with the rule of Vazquez de Coronado, who in 1564 founded the first perma- nent city, Cartago. The principal exports of Costa Rica are bananas, coffee, cacao, sugar. Principal im- ports machinery, textiles, food- stuffs, fuels and drugs. The of- ficial language is Spanish and the form of government a republic. * *% SAN JOSE, the capital, has a population of about 94,000, and is located at an elevation of about 4,000 feet, with a temperature that ranges between 60 and 70 degrees F, San José has many interesting buildings, such as the National Theatre, with solid marble bal- conies ‘and stairways with bronze and gold decorations, immense ceiling and wall paintings. Built by Italian artists, is notable for the painting covering the entire ceil- ing by Arturo Fontana. The Cath- edral, located at the east side of Central Park. The National Mus- eum, although modest in size, it is very interesting. The University of Costa Rica, is no doubt one of the most impressive and modern constructions in the country. One of the most elegant residential sections of San José is el Paseo Colén, modeled after the famous “El Prado” of Madrid. About 14 miles from the capital, in the high- way leading to the cities of Here- dia and Alajuela, is the Ojo de Agua swimming pool, which is formed by abundant springs of pure drinking water, and where a beautiful and picturesque swim- ming pool has been built. It has a special section for children, and it is filled by the water of the springs, which fall in a beautiful cascade. There is a good restau- rant there, and on Sundays and festival days there is an orchestra, and visitors can dance there on its splendid dance floor. SON OF ITALIAN CONSUL KIDNAPPED ‘ BUCARAMANGA, Colombia -~ (UP)— Mario Marocco, 22-year- old son of the Italian consul here, was kidnaped for $2,000 ransom rs Friday, he told police yester- y. Young Marocco said two un- known persons appeared Friday morning at the country place of his father, Florindo Marocco, and forced him to ride into the thick jungle on a mule. “I was freed unharmed after the men received a purse from an emissary of my father’s with the $2,000,” be said, eee Sa IF THE UNITED STATES FAILS IN ITS TRADE POLICY, .“‘WE MAY FAIL IN ALL”, HE TELLS IN MESSAGE WASHINGTON —(UP)— Pre- sident Eisenhower asked Congress for a liberalized trade program to improve “our domestic employ- ment, our standard of living, our | security, and the solidarity of the free world.” _In a 4,500-word message on for- eign trade policy, the President called for a three-year extension of the reciprocal trade program and power to cut tariffs 5 per- cent each year for three years. He promised to end giveaway economic aid for other nations “as soon as possible consistent with our national interest,” sub- stituting loans. He suggested a “greater ex- change of peaceful goods between East and West... so far as it can be achieved without jeopardizing national security.” But he would not ease the eurbs on strategic trade nor the total embargo on U. S. shipments to Red China and North Korea. The national interest, the President said, demands “the highest possible level of trade and most efficient use of capi- tal and resources.” That this would also strengthen our military allies adds urgency,” he said. “Their strength is of cri- tical importance to the security of our country.” If the United States fails in its | ho’ trade policy, “we may fail ia all,” he warned. “Our domestic employment, our standard of living, our security, and the solidarity of the free world —all are involved,” he said. “For our own economic growth we must have constinuously ex- panding world markets; for our security we require that our allies become economically strong.” The President outlined four main objectives: Trade expan- sion, curtailment of foreign aid, encouragement of private U. S. investment. abroad and support of steps to make it possible for foreign currencies to be chang- ed into dollars freely. But he faces a tough fight to get his program through Congress. Opponents of controversial fea- tures, such as more tariff cuts, in- clude powerful Republican eon- gressmen. He accepted without change virtually all the recommendations made two months ago by a special bipartisan commission headed by Clarence B. Randall, Inland Steel Corp. board chairman. Randall stayed on as a presidential consul- tant to help draft the message. Chairman Daniel A. Reed R-NY of the House Ways and Means Committee and a commission member, dissented vigorously from the commission’s majority report. And Randall said there had been no indication Reed has changed his mind. Some Capitol «iH observers speculated that in this election year Congress might only extend the present reciprocal trade agree- ment law for another year. Noncontroversial features of the program are expected to get congressional approval. These include simplification of customs procedures and adminis- tration, lower taxes on income from foreign investments, encour- agement of travel aproad by Ame- rieans and limiting Point Four technical aid for the most part to providing experts and know- w.. ¢ In addition to asking for power to cut tariffs generally by 15 percent, the President re- quested authority to reduce them to 50 percent of value on articles no bearing higher rates and to stash them by one- half on things not now import- ed or imported in negligible quantities. He also requested authority to exempt from provisons of the “Buy American” law bidders from nations that “treat our bidders on an equal basis with their own na- tionals.” He said he is “convinc- ed” his program of flexible farm price supports will help maintain foreign markets for U. S. agricul- tural products. Four-Point Program Handed Brownell to Halt Illegal Entry of “Wetbacks” —_——____0-—_______ Presented by group of delegates from farm, church, labor and social organizations ——————_0————_ WASHINGTON. —(UP)— A de- legation representing farm, church, labor, and social organizations gave Attorney General Herbert Brownell, Jr. a proposed four-point program for halting the illegal im- migration of Mexican wetbacks. After a half hour conference with Brownell, spokesmen for the 10-member delegation declined to divulge any views expressed * by the attorney general. But they said he has “a program under consi- deration” for dealing with the problem. They said Brownell’s program would include additional legislation. Wetbacks are Mexican farm lab- rorers, who slip across the border to work on U.S. farms in the South and Southwest. Their in- flux has created social problems there. = The United States and Mexico recently concluded a two year agreement whereby this country can recruit Mexican farm laborers at the border legally for work on American farms. The delegation which discussed the illegal “wetbacks” with Brow- nell included representatives of the AFL, the ClO, railway labor, and church, farm, and welfare or- ganizations. Spokesmen said afterwards that the group proposed that the Ei- senhower administration halt the wetbacks by adopting a four point am which included: 1.- Prohibiting farmers who em- ploy illegal wetbacks from decut- ing wages paid to these wetbacks as business expenses on their in- come tax returns. 2.- Confiscating the automobiles and trucks used by private labor contractors for transporting illegal wetbacks to the farms. 3.- Instituting a system of fines against farmers who knowingly em- ploy illegal wetbacks. 4, Enlarging the border patrol at the Mexican border. Members of the delegation noted that there has been no increase in the appropriation request for the border patrol. The justice department had “no comment” oa the proposals. Organizers of VI Highway Congress Arrive in B. Aires —o— BUENOS AIRES. A delegation of members composing the orga- nizing committee for the Sixth Pan American Highway Congress has extended an invitation to Ar- gentine engineers to attend the congress, which is to be held in Caracas next July. The group includes Doctor Eduardo Arnal, secretary of the commission, Doctor Gustavo La rrazabal amd Doctor Francisco Aguirre. Dr. Aguirre is director of the Pan American Division of the American Road Builders Associa- tion. The delegation will visit the ministers of public works, tech- nical matters and foreign rela- tions. They will depart next Fri- day after attending several func- tions to-be held im their honor. Memorial to Honor Panama Canal Builder —_.—- WASHINGTON.—(UP)— Presi- dent Eisenhower designated March 31 for the dedication of a Canal Zone memorial in the Canal Zone honoring Maj. Gen. George W. Go- CY “Forces Of Intervention Defeated Li t In Caracas , Pres. Arbenz States rl He and Toriello address a demostration welcoming delegation GUATEMALA CITY —(UP)— President Jacobo Arbenz told an audience here that at the Caracas conference Guatemala had _ de- feated “the forces of imperialism and feudalism that raised the banner of anti-Communism in or- der to intervene in the affairs of Latin American nations.” Arbenz addressed a demostra- tration attended by 5,000 persons which was held in front of the National Palace in honor of the Guatemalan delegation that had just returned from the Caracas conference. Foreign Minister Guillermo Toriello, who headed the de- legation, said that the peoples of the Americas haa defeated at Caracas the plans of United States Secretary John Foster Dulles “for intervening in the Americas.” He added, “f am convinced that Guatemala is not alone im the fight against the forces of imperialism.” Toriello also expressed his thanks for the “solidarity” shown toward Guatemala during the con- ference by the delegations from Argentina and Mexico, countries which, according to Toriello, were “worthily represented.” The two nations were the only countries —o— at Caracas to abstain from voting on the Dulles-sponsored anti-Com- munist resolution, while Guatema la was the only country to vote against it. President Arbenz received and congratulated trie members of the | delegation in public ceremonies organized on their behalf by 5,000 persons representing revolution- ary and government organizations. Arbenz told the demonstrat- ors, “Some of the legal posi- tions maintained by us were de- feated, but (the Caracas confer- ence) constituted a victory for our delegation, because it de- feated the forces of imperialism and feudalism that raised the banner of anti-Communism in order to intervene in the af- fairs of Latin American na- tions.” He went on to say, “This is the first time that a Guatemalan delegation has represented the people’s genuine yearnings, their true aims and their real interests. I believe that our delegation marks the beginning of a new phase in conferences —the phase featured by the arrival at con- ferences of the peoples’ real re- | spread for the messages “sent by those peoples that are still able to send messages,’ expressing a_ position of solidarity with Guatemala. Those messages of solidarity give us strength to carry on our fight. Toriello told the crowd that their delegation had gone to Ca- }racas “with its head high, know- ing that it was going to defend Guatemala’s sovereignty, and it is | returning with its head still high from the satisfaction of knowing |that it carried out its duty.” Toriello went on to say that in- ternational news agencies “had lies and concealed the truth about what is going on in Guatemala. Now, however, every- one knows what is going on im Guatemala. The miners of Bolivia, the oil workers of Venezuela and the students from ait over the world are with us.” The Guatemalan foreign mi- nister ended his speech with an appeal to the Guatemalan people “to unite im order to protect Guatemala from the plans for foreign intervention presentatives.” Arbenz expressed his thanks which continues to threaten our country.” Chiriboga a Fervent Partisan Of Inter-American Regional System THE IDEA SHOULD BE IMPLEMENTED “BY ECONOMIC COOPERATION AMONG NATIONS”, CARACAS.,. —(UP)— Jose_Ri- cardo Chiriboga, the young Ecu- adorean ambassador to the United States, showed a fervent attitude toward the inter-American region- al system during debates at Cara- cas. Not only did he defend his country’s position in political and legal debates, where he accom- plished most of his performance through preference, but he also contributed with solid arguments and knowledge to discussions bear- ing on matters of general interest to the hemisphere as a whole. As a defender of the non-inter- vention principle, Chiriboga told the United Press in an interview that the principle “is deeply rooted in the minds of people in the Americas and has come out of the tenth Conference stronger than ever.” According to Chiribo- ga, this became evident during dis- cussions on the U.S. —sponsored anti-Communist resolution. Chiriboga said that the principle should be implemented “by eco- nomic cooperation among nations of the Americas because this is a requisite basic to the social wel- fare of people in the Americas, inasmuch as political solidarity is no longer conceivable without economic and social cooperation.” Chiriboga felt that the Declara- tion of Caracas passed by the as- sembly of American nations was modest in its wording, although he felt it to be praiseworthy in that it gives lip service to the ideal that democracy “can survive only on the basis of representative government.” The Ecuadorean ambassador al- so felt that the conference was timid in its approach to legal mat- ters, as for example during debates on creation of an inter-American court —a matter which was finally foisted on the OAS Council for consideration by that body. For Chiriboga, who said so during the ethals, architect of the Panama Canal. In his executive order announc- ing the dedication ceremony, the President noted that 1954 is the 40th anniversary of Goethals’ ap- pointment as first governor of the Canal and 50th anniversary of the taking over by the United States of the Canal’s constr’ HE S. ——_o——_- debate, the court roof of the hemispheric legal struc- ture.” Chiriboga, however, found that | in regard to another legal issue, | the conference hurled its “vehe- ment condemnation” against the presence of colonies here when it said, “We don’t want non-hemis- pheric powers to go on with their hands on our hemisphere. Colonia- lism is an unhappy heritage from a past that should disappear from the horizon in the Americas.” The Ecu- adorean representative dwelled on economic aspects of the conferen- ce, asserting that “many of the problems have been relegated to the meeting of economy ministers | at Rio.” Nevertheless, according to Chiri- | boga, the conference demostrated that “Latin America demands and expects fair treatment from the United States in regard to raw material prices and help in promot- ing its industrialization. Without long term loans Latin America will be unable to carry out within a reasonable length of time its program for raising the living stan- dards of its people. Our countries need credit (like those extended by the Export-Import Bank) to salvage their economies and se- cure a future marked by social justice.” The Ambassador was satisfied with achievements in the field of human rights, particularly because new emphasis was placed on the value of basic human rights “thro- ugh recommendations to individual governments to promote knowled- ge of and to favor the practice of human rights, which represent something fundamental to demo- cracy.” A clearly Ecuadorean-inspired topic of discussion at the parley was the one having hearing on the continental shelf issue in view of its implications in the fields of economics, trade, politics and law. “If we wish to save our mineral wealth and fisheries from pitiless and disorderly exploitation, “Chiri- boga said, “we must. acknowledge the right of nations bordering the sea to explore and conserve their natural wealth as found on the continental shelf and in the waters which cover the shelf.” Last of all, Chiriboga could hard- ly hide his satisfaction with the fact that Ecuadorean had been chosen as the host country for the | next int ierican conference, AYS “must be theing itself with great enthusiasm to comply with such a great honor and such a great responsibility. Thanks to the spirit of democracy now reigning in Ecuador, a coun- try which respects civil rights, the coming inter-American conference will find Quito a spot which lends itself remarkably well to develop- ment of the Pan American idea by a hemispheric conference.....Qui- to is already holding out its arms to delegates from all over the Americas who will come there to continue the invaluable, lasting achievements of Caracas.” Peruvian Trade ‘Balance Improved —_o——_- NEW YORK. —(UP)— Latin American Business Highlights, the quarterly magazine published by the Chase National Bank of New York, said in its most recent issue that an unfavorable Peruvian trade balance went even higher last year. Exports during the period from January to September of 1953 were 8 percent less than they were dur- ing a similar period of 1952, while imports went up by 6 percent. The magazine went on to say that gold reserves and foreign ex- change held by the Peruvian Cen- tral Bank dropped in value by $2,700,000 in 1953. “Last year Peru had an unfavor- able trade balance. The value of export shipments fell to levels al- most equalling those prevalent be- fore the Korean War. Exports tot- alled $163,000,000 up to Septem- ber, 8 percent less than figures for a like period of 1952. Foreign purchases by Peru between Janua- ry and September amounted to $225,000,000 or 6 percent more than for a similar period of 1952. For this reason the unfaverable trade balance was almost double that of 1952. “Output of sugar and cotton, Peru’s principal export products, is at a high level. The 1953-54" cotton crop, it is estimated, will total 202 million pounds, or slight: ly less than for 1952-53. Sugar production this year may reach a figure of 700,000 tons, thus equal- ling the previous crop figure. The value of both crops, however, is low and for this reason the value of exports for this year may be