Diario las Américas Newspaper, March 30, 1954, Page 8

THE WEATHER Partly cloudy through Tuesday. Continued warm. MIAMI, FLA., TUESDAY, MARGH 30, 1954. he J Daily For a better understanding between the Americas THE AMERICAS DAILY For Liberty, Culture and Hemispheric Solidarity NUMBER 223 EDITORIAL * The Tenth Inter-American Conference has finally drawn to a close following nearly a month of deliberations. In view of the expectancy through- out this hemisphere in regard to the outcome of the meeting, we sincerely hope that the inter-American system will have benefitted from the achievements | reached at Caracas. \ Although news agencies have been busy tran- smitting dispatches on the most salient aspects of the conference, it will not be possible to arrive at an accurate analysis of the parley’s results until all the resolutions adopted at Caracas have been publi- shed and studied carefully so as to avoid falling into mistaken judgments about the implications of these documents. It often happens that international conferences give rise to pessimism which becomes generalized because of circumstances obtaining at the time, yet people who let themselves be taken in by such pes- simism should hesitate before arriving at mistaken generalizations. Experience shows us that when a little light can be thrown on the matter, it becomes clear that agreements reached by international as- semblies usually provide the foundation for future! action in a truly significant manner. In just such a manner the Caracas parley has its important meaning for the future of our regional system. Despite troublesome occurrences giving rise to momentary crises, these events have /shown the way to later . agreement through compromise. If we should dedicate ourselves to careful study of such situations, moreover, we would probably learn to attenuate the possibility of their occurring in the future. Economic issues were ones that could not be iresolved on an immediate, definite basic at Caracas. However, the decision to hold an inter-American: economic conference at Rio de Janeiro later this year with attendance of the treasury and economy ministers of the Americas lends itself to hope that the Rio meeting will show how the American nations propose to find a practical way, for settling the economic crisis threatening the tin American area. The economic meet to be held at Rio should be pointed to as one of the most important achiev- ements of Caracas. It should be kept in mind, too, at such a meeting was made possible by decisions adopted at Caracas. ‘SPANISH LESSONS FOR BEGINNERS BY G. B. Palacin Professor of the University of Miami, Fla. LESSON 52 (a) TENSES IN THE SENTENCES OF FEAR (Tiempos en las oraciones de temor). The dependent verb is in the infinitive when the subject is the game in the main clause and the dependent clause. Ex.: temo llegar tarde. (Main clause: yo temo, I fear; dependent clause: Megar tarde, to arrive late). "The dependent verb is in the subjunctive; preceded by que, when the subject of the dependent clause is different from the subject of the main clause. Ex.: temo que José llegue tarde. (Main clause: yo temo; dependent clause: que José legue tarde). ‘The correspondence of tenses (seequence of tenses) in the sent- enses of fear when the subject of the dependent clause is different from the subject of the main clause, is the same correspondence of the explanatory clauses with the dependent verb in the subjunctive. Ex.: TEMO que no LLEGUE a tiempo. TEMO que no HAYA LLEGADO a tiempo TEMIA que no LLEGASE a tiempo When the act is a past one, the present or the imperfect is Feplaced by the present perfect or the pluperfect. Ex.: TEMO que HAYA LLEGADO tarde TEMIA que HUBIESE LLEGADO tarde The present and the imperfect subjunctive may be replaced by the infinitive in the form ha de... (forma perifrastica). Ex.; TEMO que HA DE LLEGAR tarde TEMIA que HABIA DE LLEGAR tarde The form temo que ha de llegar is equivalent to teme que llegue. eo SUBSCRIBE TO THE AMERICAS DAILY . Venezuela - Guatemala Resume KNOW THY NEIGHBOR | By ANTONIO RUIZ COLOMBIA, located in the} northwest corner of South Ame- rica, at the northern end of the Andes, is the only country in the continent with coast on both the, Atlantic and the Pacific, and co- vers an area of 439,830 square | miles. The estimated population | is about 11,600,000, the official language is Spanish, and the form of government a republic. Colom- bia is perhaps the most purely Spanish of all South American countries, a characteristic that is reflected in its architecture. Bo- gota, the capital, is frequently call- ed the “Athens of America” be-| cause of its interest in things cul- tural. The only country named for Columbus, was discovered not by him, but by Alonso de Ojeda, who had accompanied him on his se- cond voyage to the New World. Following his discovery of the land in 1500, Ojeda returned to Spain with enough gold and pearls to fire the adventurous spirit of others, who threupon set forth for the new treasure land. In a remote region of this land, the Indians told the Spaniards about the domains of a chieftain, who once a year covered himself with gold dust and bathed in a lake, while his attendants cast into the waters jewels of pure gold and emeralds, as an offering to the gods. “Let's go and see that,” ex- claimed the eonquistador Sebas- tian de Belaledzar, and thus be- gan the discovery and ‘conquest of the fabulous-land of El Dorado. Principal exports of Colombia are coffee, petroleum, gold; emeralds, | platinum, hides and bananas. Im- ports, machinery, autos and trucks, textile fibers and finished tex- tiles, chemicals and drugs, iron and steel products. . * * BOGOTA, the capital, is located in the Sabana de Bogoté, a vast plain at an altitude of 8,700 feet above sea.level, and has a popula- tion of 650,000. It was founded in 1538 by Gonzalo Jimenez de Que- sada, a lawyer and scholar, as well as conqueror and adventurer. Perhaps to him it owes its tra- dition of culture and progress. The rich heritage of the colonial pe- riod, preserved in architectural landmarks and renowned institu- tions of learning, are side by side today with Bogota’s tall, modern buildings and broad new thorough- fares. In the course of its tran- sition into a center of commercial and industrial activity, the Co- lombian capital has retained its jat the United States and its ac- Lleras Camargo Calls “Profoundly Satisfactory Outcome of Parley It shows perfect functioning of inte: American system, he says CARACAS —(UP)— Alberto Lleras Camargo, secretary general | of the Organization of American | States, said that it is a mistake to link the existence of Commun- ism in the Americas with poverty and that the only way to fight Communism is by “carrying on our endeavor within the. frame- work of democratic lines which we have traced for ourselves.” Lleras Camargo said that the Tenth Inter-American Confer- ence will be considered in the future as one of the most import- ant of all hemispheric gatherings | because it showed that the inter- | American system was operating | perfectly, because it dissipated) fears of possible unilateral inter- | vention and hecause it showed | Latin American economic pro- blems in their true light. The secretary general said that the serious economic problems of | Latin America weren't solved at Caracas, but that at least some basic agreement had been reached in regard to the aspirations of | Latin American nations. He asser- ed that in view of this develop- ment, the Rio economic confer- ence to be held this fall should at least produce “a few resolu- tions”. Lleras said that there had been a lot of insistence at Caracas that the only way to eliminate Com- munism in the Americas was by raising living standards. “But this is an enormous mistake,” Lleras said. “What the people have to be told, and have repeated to them, is that Communism ins’t going to solve the problem of hunger. Poverty can’t be abolish- ed overnight. We must do it by carrying on our endeavor within the framework ourselves.” Lleras Camargo said that it was | time to relinquish consideration of complex theories and to look complishments. He asserted, “Why should we go on thinking about people who still haven’t solved their own problems? Look at all the Soviet Union has had to do just to produce a single car, and in the final analysis it is inferior to the Ford. If the United States decided to give up its democratic way of life and ‘Say that in order to carry out any project we should do things the way the Rus: sians do, then nothing would make traditional dignity. There are many old colonial buildings in Bo- gota, dating to the pre-Bolivar era. The Palace of San Carlos, where the Liberator once lived, should be visited. Likewise the Teatro de Colon and the churches of Santa Inés, San Ignacio, San Agustin, La Tercera, San Diego and San Fran- cisco, which are very old and in- teresting. The Parque Naciona’ is the largest park in the city, anc it extends to the foothills of the mountains sorroundings the city. ‘The Cathedral, in the Plaza de Bolivar, is beautiful and one oi the oldest in the continent. The National Library is a beautifu! example of modern architecture. Near the capital is Monserrate, a peak that may be ascended by fu- nicular, with a famous chapel in the summit. The Salto de Tequen- dama is a famous waterfall 15 miles from the city. In Zipaqui. ra, 30 miles from the city, there are rock salt mines that are quite spectacular. es & MEDELLIN, the second largest city, has a population of about 330,000, and is an important in- tellectual, artistic, industrial and comercial center. It is the capital of the Department of Antioquia and, although originally settled about the middle of the 17th cen- tury, it was not officially establish- ed and named until 1675. Medellin has three universities, a school of mines and an agricultural experi- ment station. One of the princi- pal items of trade is the excellent coffee, grown in most of the De- textiles, food-processing, lurgy and woodworking, chemicals and drugs. Since 1938 the popula- tion has increased 129 percent. 2 * BARRANQUILLA, located at the mouth of the Magdalena Ri- ver, near the Caribbean, is the principle port of Colombia, with a population of 280,000. Other im- portant cities are Cali, Cartagena, Santa Marta, Manizales, Popayan, Bucaramanga, Cucuta, and others. Spanish Version Pag..3 Col. 8 sense. Just why, then, shoud we look elsewhere for our inspira- tion?”. of democratic | lines which we have traced for | however, he said he favored indus-| was shown at Caracas that such trial specialization so that the economies of individual countries might be coordinated. Lieras said that the United resolution approved at Caracas was of decisive importance be- cause it means that“any threat to hemispheric unity is to be mat- ter for consultation, and this is ample proof that the non-inter- vention principle is in full effect.” He went on to say, “All the coun- tries will leave here convinced that unilateral intervention is im- possible and that collective ac- tion can be taken only after con- sultation. It was also made clear that such collective action can be taken .only after the necessary majority has decided that the pro- blems are sufficiently serious to warrant it.” He added that by three years from now even Guatemala will be in agreeement with the resolu- tion, because it means that no country can undertake a unilater- al action against Guatemala. He went on to explain, “Fear has been done away with here that a reactionary movement in the Americas might abolish human rights under the pretext that it is defending our way of life. It | a thing would never be accepted here. Everyone can express his opinion and everyone will go on doing so.” Lleras Camargo said that the anti-colonial resolutions passed at Caracas are of use because they represent a reaffirmation of prin- ciples, but he said he felt that the matter could be settled only after discussion of the issue with inter- ested parties inside the United Nations. He went on to say that a solution within the framework of the spirit which lies at the basis of the OAS could be worked out through using “persuasion, peaceful proceedings and respect for the will of the colonial areas themselves.” Answering a question eoncern- ing Puerto Rico, Lleras said, “What is certain is that elections took place there and that those elections have shown that an over- whelming majority of the people want to maintain their present, statues. It would be an act of violence —an act of unlimited im- perialism, “he added with a wry smile”— to try to obtain for the Puerto Rican people a status that they themselves don’t want.” Formal Closing Session Held Sunday in Caracas Otafiez from Venezuela, Trujillo from Ecuador and Holland of U. S., stress the importance of the Tenth Inter-American Conference CARACAS —(UP)— Venezue- lan Foreign Minister Aureliano Otanez declared the Tenth Inter- American conference officially ended at 8:30 p.m., Venezuelan time, Sunday evening. Alluding to the work accom- plished by the inter-American meet, Otanez said: “The Final Act and the con- ventions which we have just sign- ed represent the result of a vast collective endeavor directed to- wards the realization of lofty ‘deals which have now been re- afforded vigorous support.. As for cutting these ideals into action, Lleras said that people in the Americas are essentially “ant Communist” in their way of think ing and added, “The only thre: —not of Communism but raths: of' disorder— will come about ndividual governments fail at ake eare of problems affect’~ heir peoples. But as Jong as an ipright attempt is being made t seetify matters, however little © vnay be, and the people realiz and understand it, there will b ‘ess Communism.” Asked whether he thought th: conference had passed any worth while economic resolutions, Llera Camargo said, “The basis for th« existence of inter-American eco nomic problems lies in the differ ence between two systems; in the United States the government can do nothing when faced with a de- disive attitude on the part of free enterprise, while in Latin America the government is by tradition the agency which does everything. It is for this reason that the United States can’t make a decision in a conference affect- ing many people who would not feel obliged by such decisions. This can be taken as an explana- tion of the United States position in regard to economic matters at Caracas.” However, Lleras described the outcome of the Caracas meeting as “profoundly satisfactory” and insisted that future economie de- velopments would proceed at a more rapid pace. He explained this by saying that the Caracas parley had served to bring out the matters on which the United States and the raw material- producing countries of Latin America disagreed, and he said he was confident that an agreement might be reached at Rio, at least on some of the more pressing is- sues, Lleras said that the Unieted States couldn’t be opposed to in- dustrialization in Latin America, because such industrial expansion would help the United States; 1owever, we haven’t matched our jealistic enthusiasm. “while politically and juridical- ‘yz we have achieved greater unity made notable progress, econo- somically speaking we have been mewhat retrogressive, because ‘a variety of factors which have apeded us from going forward -gnomically. “However, we have progres- sed to such a point in achiev- tng unification of viewpoints at this conference that this can be signalized as one of the most important results of this parley, not only as regards the Caracas meet alone but also im respect to the over-all evolution of the Pan American system... “Our countries, which realized that the development of greater mutual aid had to be implement- ad, adopted at Caracas two highly significant measures that are to constitute an: invincible rampart which will serve to protect our ideology, our way of life, our values and above all, our unity. One of them is a resolution which proscribes the infiltration of the Americas by doctrines which are foreign to our way of thinking and foreign to our political sys- tems and which seek, whether openly or secretly, to undermine the foundations of our organiza- tion. . If there is any principle that is deeply rooted in the minds of people in the Americas, # is that this hemisphere must be safeguarded against any foreign meddling that might jeopardize hemispheric security and des- troy the foundation of under- standing and concord upon which such security is based. The other measure or decision is embodied in the Declaration of Caracas in which we have pro- claimed our adherence to the non- intervention principle, having giv- en indication that this doctrine represents the surest way for avoiding discord and having giv- en notice to our enemies that they shan’t find a world so di- vided that their tactics may take root and prosper, but rather a world composed of countries in- vincibly united by bonds of mutual respect and regard.” ECUADOREAN REPRESENTA. TIVE REPLIES TO OTANEZ Replying to the words spoken by the Venezuelan foreign minis- ter, Jose Vicente Trujillo, chair-) man of the Ecuadorean delega- tion to the conference, took the floor as a representative of the country which has been chosen to be the seat of the next inter-Ame- rican conference. Among other things Trujillo said: “The Americas have rejected all totalitarian systems, no mat- ter what disguise they might use to hide their true purposes. At the same time, they have re- jected any possibility ef inter- vention. “Debates on economic mat. ters have enabled the United States to acquaint itself with the tragic truth as to economic conditions in its sister nations in the Americas. The huge na- tion to the north must have realized how impossible it is to remain impassive when con- fronted by legitimate aspira- tions for progress which are at work in this hemisphere, for it has extended an invitation to take concerted action and elimi- nate dangers which in other parts of the world are threat- ening to destroy the democratic structure of the Americas. “As for the field of human rights, we still have a lot to ac- complish. A huge pile of docu- ments are proclaiming the yearn- ing of our peoples to raise their living standards and to strength- en human rights, respect for which will be promoted and spread among our nations thanks to the resolution on that issue which we have adopted... “The- commission which dedicat- ed itself to dealing with cultural matters performed its work in a worthy, high spirited manner, and it has succeeded in laying the foundation on which the Cultural Charter of the Americas will eventually be built, after mature thought has been given to the matter.” Trujillo ended his address by thanking the other nations for having chosen Ecuador as the seat of the next inter-American con- RESUMPTION OF R Relations Pee at Be Saleen ELATIONS SEVERED SINCE 1948 ACCEPTED IN PRINCIPLE Official announcement expected shortly at, eerie CARACAS —(UP)— An of- ficial announcement stating that diplomatic relations be- tween Venezuela and Guatema- la will be resumed was expect- ed here shortly, according to authoritative sources. This report was disclosed here after Guatemalan Foreing Minister Guillermo Toriello em- erged from a lengthy conference with President Marcos Pérez Jiménez in the presidential pa- lace. The two countries have not enjoyed diplomatic relations since October, 1948, when the then President Romulo Galle- gos was ousted from power by a three-member military junta. In spite of this situation, the Guatemalan government sent a delegation headed by Toriello to participate in the Tenth In- ter-American Conference. Venezuelan Foreign Minister Aureliano Otafiez and Torielle met for 45 minutes following | the planery session at which the final act of the conference was approved and they told the press afterwards that their countries would resume diplo- matic relations. Toriello was the first to leave the conference room and he said that “in principle both go- vernments have agreed to re- sume relations.” He added that “a communiqué will be issued in time after I have contacted my government.” Otaiez said that the two had discussed the possibility of re- establishing relations between their two countries. He sald that “no serious obstacles exists. Ve- nezuela wants to have relations with all countries. Our talks were successful and the official announcement will be made in due time,” he added. LOUISIANA SENATOR CHARGES CUBA WITH VIOLATION OF RICE AGREEMENT ———_—_0_____—_ Senator Ellender demands a strong protest by State Dept. for what he says is “bad faith” palate Rinnoee es | Manne ee WASHINGTON. —(UP)— Sen Allen J. Ellender of Louisiana has charged Cuba with possible “bad faith” in tegulating rice imports and demanded a “strong protest” by the United States department | of state. Ellender launched those charges in his weekly report to constitu- ents, recorded for broadcast by New Orleans radio station WWL. Ellender’s home state of Loui- siana sends most of its rice ex-| ports to Cuba and Puerto Rico. | The rice industry is important to its economy. The senator is the senior democrat on the senate agriculture committee. “As this broadcast is recorded,” he said, “our department of state | is taking steps to clarify a recent | proclamations by the Cuban gov- ernment that about 600,000 addi- tional pockets of rice will be per- mitted to enter the Matanzas free zone in Cuba. The rice cannot be moved into consumption, however, without approval of the Cuban minister of agriculture. “I have been in contact with the department of state, as well as the department of agriculture,” the Senator said, “and I intend to do everything in my power to see that the situation is clarified, and that our government lodges a strong protest against what is obviously an unreasonable and arbitrary me- ans, of fulfilling commitments bro- adly spelled out in the 1947 tariff agreement between this country and Cuba. “There is, it is true, no specific juarantee spelled out in the agre- ement that all quota rice from he United States can enter at any Cuban port but segregating a portion of this amount and sub- jecting it to arbitrary restrictions of bad faith since the practice has been to let this low duty rice en- ter at any port.” Ellender reported that the Cuban government has approved 4,700,000 pockets of rice for import this year, compared to 5,200,000 in 1952-53. “The additional 600,000 pockets, which would be permitted to move only through and as far as the Ma- tanzas free zone,” he said, “are | obviously the supplemental quota which was expected, and which the U.S.-Cuban tariff agreement . re- sue to be announced march “This brings the total up to about 5,300,000 pockets for this though this is an increase over last year’s quota, its importation is subject to unreasonable condi- tions and unnecessary restrictions. I believe that to allow the Cuban government to set this precedent would be most unwise, and I have asked our department of state to enter a strong protest.” The Louisiana rice exporters are the second United States industry this year to inspire criticism of Cuban interpretations of recipro- cal trade agreements, but the first to succeed in having a congress- man echo those criticisms. Lard manufacturers* attempted earlier to make an issue of cuban “new industry” tax concessions to certain local fats and oils proces- sors. United States congressmen, | who visited the island, returned, however, upholding the Cuban view that such were domestic matters. The rice controversy comes at ja time when Louisiana and Florida | Sugar growers are attempting —if | probably vainly— to persuade con- |gress this year to increase their statutory share of the United Sta tes sugar market at the expense, lehiefly, of Cuba. ference and stated that his go- vernment would cooperate with every means at its disposal to varry out ms obligations toward the coming conference. Following this he thanked Ve- nezuelan officials on behalf of all the American nations for the at- tentions that had been extended the delegates so that they might | carry on their work, and he fin- ished with the following words: “When we began our delibe- rations we invoked the name of Bolivar. On finishing them we should once ore invoke the name of the Liberator, for it is he who should always serve as the inspiration for the fertile, genuine thought which pro- claims the unity of the Ameri- cas and the mission of our hemisphere in the life of this world.” THE U.S. SPEAKS TOO Henry F. Holland, head of the U.S. delegation in his capacity as Assistant Secretary of State for Inter-American Affairs, also spoke at the final session, addressing the delegates in the following terms: “Thorny problems affecting the security and welfare of our peo- ples have been presented to us for discussion and solution. Our viewpoints have been at variance in regard to several of these pro- blems. Yet once more it has been shown: that the principles and ide- als which we hold in common are greater by far in number and im- portance than are those in regard to which we still haven't achieved a meeting of the minds, ‘ ‘ “As was fitting, the first impor- tance achievement of the conferen- ce was the enunciation of a new |inter-American foreign policy. It consists of a simple, yet frank, warning to the leaders of the in- ternational Communist apparatus that the nations of the Americas will not tolerate meddling by those people with our political institu- tions. We shall be at one in reject- ing any attempt to extend to this hemisphere that despotic way of life which has already turned 15 sovereign nations inte as many grotesque caricatures that cynic- ally exhibit the names which they usurped. “As for issues which affect our economic, social and cultural life, the conference has made notable progress by adopting a whole seri- es of resolutions on topics such as technical assistance, economic de- velopment, housing, human rights and the eradication of illiteracy. Some of these resolutions mark the culmination of years of cooperative dedication, study and work. “We are departing with the conviction that our common ef- forts here have achieved some- thing more than preservation of the American heritage which has been entrusted to us. It must pass from our hands to those of coming generations streng- thened and improved by our de- votion to the ideals on the basis of which it was conceived.”