Diario las Américas Newspaper, March 24, 1954, Page 8

THE WEATHER Partly cloudy through Wednesday. Continued MIAMI, FLA., WEDNESDAY, MARCH 24, 1954. Daily For a better understanding between the Americas THE AMERICAS DAILY For Liberty, Culture and Hemispheric Solidarity NUMBER 218 GUATEMALA A CASE FOR CONSULTATION? EDITORIAL || THE UNITED STATES AND EUROPEAN COLONIES IN THE AMERICAS be When the Tenth Inter-American Conference recently adopted a resolution condemning the pre- sence of European colonies in this hemisphere, the} United States abstained from voting on the issue and jts negative position in regard to the matter was justified by a certain influential paper in this coun- try. Out of twenty American nations represented at Caracas, the United States was the only one to re- .frain from expressing itself positively on the colon- ial question. The argument advanced in justification of the ‘American position — an argument, incidentally, which came from certain elements of the press and not from official sources —gave consideration to the political-military alliance which binds the United States to France and Great Britain and concluded that these two countries should not be alienated in view of their status as colonial powers in this hemis- phere because of their relations with the United States as members of the NATO pact. In addition, there were further consideration expressed by these press comments which sought, but somewhat unsuc- cessfully, to belittle the historical claims of Ameri- can nations based on elements of justice and geogra- phic proximity. As for the argument that the United States must be on guard against alienating its European llies, it should be taken into account, first of all, that relations between the United States and Latin American nations are of paramount interest in this ough some may feel that a positive stand on the part of the United States is liable to offend its European allies, it should also be brought to attention that the people of Latin America, who cons- titute a mass of humanity now equal to the popula- tion of the United States, are likewise likely subjects for alienation. The future of the United States’ might is no longer bound up merely with the support which it derives from European nations. Indeed, it appears that both now and whenever the threat of world conflagration should materialize, the United States would be able to derive far greater material and moral support from its fellow American nations it could from Europe. > Furthermore, the sort of benign attitude which it is claimed the United States. should demonstrate toward Great Britain isn’t reciprocated by that country, in any event. If, for example, British for- eign policy makers were so intent on coordinating their policies with those of the United States so as to avoid offending American sensibilities, the British government would never have gone to the extent of recognizing the Peiping régime to which the United tates is unalterably opposed. Moreover, if they had it as a fixed policy to cooperate consistenly in the in- ternational field with the United States, the British would not have undertaken to intensify trade rela- tions with the Soviet Union, which represents the very antithesis of all that the United States stands ‘for as the leader of world democracy. Finally, the United States has traditionally maintained an anticolonial policy since the days when that policy was first expressly defined by Pres- ident Monroe. In view of the above considerations, it \ ig-neither reasonable nor fair for anyone to main- tain that the United States is beholden to a policy of blind unity with European nations in respect to European colonial possessions in the Americas. On more than one occasion protests have arisen in the Americas against foreign encroachment on what should be a land of freedom and eternal hope. KNOW THY NEIGHBOR By ANTONIO RUIZ ARGENTINA is the second larg- est country in South America, with an area of 1,073,000 square miles, about one third the size of the United States. It is located in the South Eastern part of South Amer- ica, and has about 1,600 miles of coastline on the Atlantic Ocean. The population is about 17,500,000 and Spanish is the official lan- guage. The form of government is a republic, with a Constitution similar to that of the United States. The name Argentina, deriv- ed from the Latin word argentum, which means silver, was adopted after the war of independence fol- lowing the tradition of the early Spanish settlers, who called it the “Land of Silver”, and the first river, they saw “Rio de la Plata” (River of Silver). They hoped to find great quantities of silver and other precious metals, but were more of less disappointed. Many years later, however, their des- cendants found the real wealth of the country, which is in the fertile lands of the Pampas, one of the richest agricultural regions of the world. Argentina exports great quantities of wheat, meat, hides, wool and many other products. Imports mainly machinery and tools, since the country is going through a great industrial develop- ment, * * BUENOS AIRES, the capital, is the largest city in Latin America, as well as the largest Spanish speaking city in the world. In- cluding the suburbs, the population is over 4,000,000, and is one of the great seaports of the world. About 90% of the imports and more than one third of the exports pass through. the port of Buenos Aires. It is a modern city, as cos- mopolitan as any in the world. It is built mostly in European style, and has been called “the Paris of the Western Hemisphere.” The theatres, hotels, stores, subways, public buildings, etc., are among the best that can be found any- where in the world. The wide avenues and the innumerable beautiful parks, have given Bue- nos Aires world-wide fame. Mar del Plata, about 250 miles from Buenos Aires, on the Atlantic Ocean, is the leading beach resort of the country, and location of the famous Casino Mar del Plata, the largest in the world. * * OTHER CITIES, and population, are Rosario, 469,000, situated on the west bank of the Parana River, about 200 miles north of Buenos Aires; Cordoba, 370,000, located in the center of the country, is sur- rounded by a great agricultural region; La Plata, 208,000, was built specially to be the capital of the Province of Buenos Aires, is also the University City. The National History Museum has a wonderful collection of prehistoric animals, one of the largest in the world. Spanish version Pag. 3, Col. 8 New Cement Factory to Operate in Trinidad PORT OF SPAIN, TRINIDAD. —(UP)— British industrialist Hal- ford W. L. Reddish announced that a new cement factory cap- able of producing 2,500,000 bags annually will go into operation here next June. The new plant, costing $8,000, 000, will be operated by the Tri- nidad Cement Ltd., a subsidiary of the Rugby group. Final settlement announced by Sourdis re os CARACAS —(UP)— The case of Victor Raul Haya de la Torre has been settled satisfactorily and the Peruvian refugee will soon leave for Uruguay, it was learned here. The settlement was contained in an agreement signed by Peruvian and Colombian nego- tiators who had held direct talks in Bogota for several weeks. The terms of the agreement will not be disclosed until both governments make a simultaneous announcement through their res- pective foreign ministers. The an- nouncement is expected moment- arily. It is understood, however, that the formula agreed upon by the negotiators for settling the five- year-old controversy, provides for the transfer of the Peruvian Apra leader to the Uruguayan embassy in Lima, from which point he will be given a safe-conduct to leave | Peru. According to reports supplied by well informed sources at the | Tenth Inter-American Conference | tic climax shortly before midnight on Monday after formal word had been given that Colombian for eign Minister Evaristo Sourdis would speak on the Haya matter before the conference in Tuesday's plenary session. Up to the last moment there was doubt that the talks would succeed, and the impression was that Sourdis would entrust the case to the Caracas conference af- ter explaining that Colombia had exhausted every resource in an ef- fort to settle the “problem of Americas,” as the case has been called several times by the Colom- bian foreign ministry. The news of an eleventh-hour agreement rapidly spread among all the delegations attending the conference, but delegates refrain- ed from making comments. The Peruvian delegates continu- ed their policy of silence, saying that they had no knowledge of new progress and that they could make no comment. However, they themselves were eagerly awaiting further news. the negotiations reached a drama- No contact whatsoever took HAYA WILL GO TO URUGUAY place between Peruvian and Co- lombian delegates at the Caracas conference. All the negotiations were apparently carried out in Bo- gota exclusively by the specially appointed negotiators, who were given a free hand by their govern- | ments. cre rN TRACT FLASH A last minute bulletin receiv- ed from Bogota contained the following announcement issued by Colombian and Peruvian ne- gotiators in regard to settlement of the political asylum case of Victor Raul Haya de la Torre: “The commissioners of both countries wish to report.....that they have reached an agreement within the broadest limits of friendship and mutual respect whereby a satisfactory settlement of the existing situation can be achieved in accordance with the findings and recommendations of the Hague court. “Several days will be required to carry out additional negotia- tions needed before the arrange- ments contained in the agree- ment can be put into effect.” FORMAL PACTS ON ECONOMIC MATTERS WILL BE LEFT FOR RIO If Latins succeed in pushing through their economic problems, U. CARACAS. —(UP)— If the La-| tin American nations succeed in getting their way economically speaking, the United States will find it necessary to modify its hemispheric policy in regard to tariff restrictions, raw material prices, capital investments, mar- keting of farm product surplu- ses and technical cooperation. A sense of solidarity which has been driving the Latin American nations in the 10th Inter-American Conference to forward their econo- mic plans will undergo a test by fire at the conference of Ameri- can treasury and finance minis- ters to be held in Rio de Janeiro later this year. Latin American delegates feel this is the interpre- tation that should be given to the economic debates of last week. The United States either has shown that it will have to modify its position, as occurred during discussion of some economic items recently, or it has been reserved in its attitude —an attitude that some delegates have described as “negative action”. For the first time since the na- tions of the Americas began to take part in hemispheric-wide con- ferences economic matters have come to the foreground of discus- sion. Despite the approval of the anti- Communist resolution which at- tracted such widespread interest during the first days of the con- ference, all delegates are in agree- ment that economic topics have been dominating talks at Caracas. The three basic economic pro- blems confronting the 10th Inter- American Conference have been practically liquidated as far as con- cerns discussion of them in the respective subcommission meetings. By Wednesday the economic com mission will have had to pronounce itself on seven or eight final drafts representing a synthesis of almost sixty original proposals. All ¢ legates, including the one from the United States, are in agreement that their most far re- aching decision has had to do with calling a conference of hemisphe- Amazed scientists study mummified Body of 400-year-old Inca Princess The body was in a better state of prese SANTIAGO, Chile —(UP)— ‘Scientists yesterday studied the mummified body of a child, be- lieved to be an Inca princess, found in an icy cavern in the Andes and thought to be more ‘than 400 years old. ogists, archaeologists md other scientists placed the ody of the child under a huge vacuum bell in an effort to nt decomposition. They esti- ted she was 10 years old at time of her death. The scientists hailed the discov- wy of the girl’s body as one of greatest anthropological in the Western Hemisphere. It was found by mule drivers at an altitude of 17,700 feet in the An- des Mountains Feb. 16. Richard P. Schaedel, American anthropologist and visiting pro- ifessor at the University of Chile, and Dr. Greta Mostny, an official of Chile’s National. Historic Mus- eum, heard about the discovery and bought the child’s remains from the mule drivers. The girl, believed to have been a 10 year old Inca princess be- cause of the finery of her clothing, possibly had been sacrificed pur- finds |posely or had died accidentally. But the dreamy look upon her face suggested she had not met death violently. The body was in a better state of preservation than those of any mummies of egyptian pharaohs unearthed centuries after their death. Unlike the mummies, the Inca child’s body was not encased in cloth wrappings. Her body apparently had lain in an ice-packed cave in perfect preservation since the early 16th Century. The temperature in the rarefied air of the cave was below freezing, about 14 degrees Fah- renheit. Schaedel said the body began to rvation than these of any mummies of Egyptian pharaohs —_—————_ 9 —_—_—___—— exude oil when it was brought down from the mountain. It was kept under refrigeration until it could be put into the vacuum bell. Clothing and ornaments on the body seemed to bear out the theory that she might have been a royal personage among the color- ful Incas who once enjoyed the culture of a great civilization. Her hair was braided neatly. A silver diadem fell across her fore- head from a woolen headband. She wore a silver bracelet on her tiny left wrist. Her dress was trimmed with vicuna fur. a material now used in the manufacture of costly light-weight overcoats. le S. will have to modify SS ric treasury and economy minis- ters to meet in Rio de Janeiro simultaneously with a meeting of the Inter-American Economic and Social Council. “What we’re doing here is pas- sing resolutions, while what we do in. Rio will mount o formal agreements,” several of the dele- gates commented when the Chilean proposal for an economic conferen- ce was being debated. What is certain is that many of the economic problems being discussed at Caracas in the form of recommendations will be taken to Rio so that hemispheric officials can there enter into such “formal agreements.” The agenda of the conference of treasury and economy minis- ters will include discussion of the 2.- Restrictions on trade 3.. Trade promotion 4.- Economic development (pro- grams, financing and technical co- operation 5.- Other economic and finan- cial matters Some Latin American delegates have been saying that the agri- cultural economy nations have be- en using the conference as a sort of sounding board for what tac- tics they should adopt at Rio. Such tactics found a definition when the Latin American nations voted en masse in favor of elimin- ating restrictions on imports of raw materials by “industrialized nations,” a direct reference to the United States. The definition was confirmed later when the same nations vot- ed to recommend that countries which consume natural products and raw materials “ought to pay remunerative (and not ‘fair’, as the United States suggested) prices for such products and avoid im- posing restrictions on them.” Reservations on the part of the United States, however, weakened when proposals having to do with economic progress in Latin Ame- rica came up for discussion. The economically underdevelop- ed countries and the United States clashed in a number of instances in regard to the need for creating a suitable climate for those invest- ments and for creating conditions which would guarantee profits to the investor. more more more mas mas mas mas The final debates of the con- ference economic commission will touch upon three categories of recommendations. The first of them has to do with a series of proposals affect- ing import restrictions and will go before the economic commi- ssion with the following recom- mendation: “Industrialized nations must eli- minate restrictions of all kinds and must abstain from imposing them on imports of natural pro- ducts coming from less well de- veloped american nations and they must refrain from imposing | discriminatory practices in regard to imports of the above products.” The ‘second category has to do with trade and prices, farm sur- pluses and coordination of econo- its policy. mies. The key proposal in this group is the one which recom- mends that “governments of co- untries which export natural pro- ducts, raw materials and semi- manufactured products should try to maintain production levels con- sonant with the needs of world consumers.” The consumer nations are ad- vised “to avoid imposing restric- tions on imports of the above products and to seek to afford conditions whereby consumption levels will permit the charging of remunerative prices and the achie- vement of a perfect balance of trade.” As to the group of proposals on financial matters -the third- there will be little bitter debate. The most important of the re- commendations on eapital invest- ments includes two fundamental points: 1- It recommends that the na- tions of the Americas maintain and improve, whenever it becomes necessary, a climate of conditions whereby the foreign investor will be encouraged. 2.- It also recommends that na- tions of he americas proceed within the framework of their in- dividual legal systems to eliminate progressively all double taxation and to avoid discriminatory and unduly severe taxes so as to en- courage investments. Along with these two proposals the economic commission is to act on Uruguayan and Argentine suggestions touching on the mar- keting of farm product surpluses. As this problem is a current one, the United States will have take claims of the other American nations into account when it con- siders how to dispose of its 5 bil- lion dollars worth of farm pro- duct surpluses. “If the government of the Unit- ed States decides to dispose of its surpluses rationally at fair pri- ces and without disturbing world markets, we will have made a huge gain in the field of inter-American relations,” an Argentine delegate commented. The economic commission will also have to act on several pro- posals for increasing the powers of the Inter-American Economic and Social Council and for enabling specialized OAS agencies to per- form their work of technical co- operation in a more efficient man- ner. “What we decide this week in regard to economic matters will serve in a general sort of a way to arrive at definite measures in Rio. The last word will be spoken there,” a Chilean delegate said. « NRM Member Expelled LA PAZ ~(UP)- High officials of the National Revolutionary Mo- vement, headed by President Vic- tor Paz Estenssoro, have expelled from the party Luis Sandoval Mo- ron, head of the movement in Santa Cruz, for having “treacher- ously ited Jaime Barros Ocampo.” —aeg A POSSIBLE MEETING NEXT FALL WASHINGTON CIRCLES TALK OF Hostilities may break out in Central America, authoritative sources say jae AEG ee OR WASHINGTON —(SBA)— Ru- mors have been circulating in Washington that following the in- ter-American economic conferen- ce to take place later this year a meeting of consultation of for- eign ministers will be called to deal with the Guatemalan issue. It is felt that the nations of the Americas will then study steps for putting the anti-Communist resolution adopted at Caracas in- to practice. This feeling has been current among people associated with inter-American affairs ever since the return of Secretary of State John Foster Dulles to Wash- ington from his stay in Caracas. Despite this feeling, however, of- ficial sources say that the State Department will “watch and see” how events of the near future turn out in Guatemala. People connected with Guate- malan affairs say that matters in that country. have taken an alarming turn since recent sta- tements made by President Ar- benz. The Guatemalan chief ex- ecutive addressed the Guatema- lan congress and told it that wouldn’t break his ties with the political parties —including the U. S. Educator To See Latin Schools WASHINGTON —(UP)— Dr. William E. Dunn, has left on aj tour to visit schools in various Latin American countries, accord- ing to the U. S. Council of Edu- cation. Dr. Dunn, director of Inter- American Schools, will visit Co- lombia, Barranquilla, Ecuador, Pe- ru, Chile, Argentina, Brazil, Vene- zuela, the Dominican Republic and Haiti. The Inter-American Schools are directed by the U. S. Council. of Education under a contract with the State Department. Under this program, which began in 1942, the service helps almost two dozen school in 15 countrfes by granting scholarships to employ professors and administrators from the Unit- ed States. The service also helps 200 other Latin American schools by recruiting professors and other technical assistants for academic programs. Communist party— responsible | for bringing him into power. | It is felt that if the Communists try to stage a coup in Guatemala there will be a clash. Well inform- ed sources say that the Reds aren’t entirely satisfied with Arbenz as far as his attitude toward social progress and international poli- cies are concerned. It seems that as the days go by they want more radical policies instituted. Reports have been received that the Com- munists have been working on Colonel Paz Tejada, former head of the Guatemalan army, to ob- tain complete control through sup- port of the armed forces of the country. Others feel, however, that the Arbenz régime may weather the storm raging against it. It is felt that the anti-Guatemalan publici- ty campaign has crystalized latent nationalistic feelings among Gua- temalans and assures the present government of continuance in power, just as happened in Argen- tina when Spruille Braden carried on an_ undisguised campaign against Argentine President Pe- ron from the State Department. On the other hand, some feel that the case of Guatemala is different from the Argentine one, with »se- veral factors entering the picture having international ramifications, decisive influence of the Com- munists inside the government and the expropriation of property belonging to the United Fruit Co., the powerful banana concern ha- ving close connections with the present administration in Wash ington. Authoritative sources have it that the situation in Guatemala is becoming so alarming that a war is liable to break out in Central America and reach un- predictable proportions. It is felt, however, that such a war would do irreparable harm to the inter- American system, especially when it is remembered that the American-sponsored anti-Com- munist resolution didn’t receive the support of Mexico or Ar- gentina, the two most powerful of Spanish-American nations which pursue independent for- eign policies. Last of all, Guate- mala has indicated that it would take any attempt at interven- tion to the United Nations se- curity council. ig SPANISH LESSONS FOR BEGINNERS BY G. B. Palacin Professor of the University of Miami, Fla. LESSON 50 (d) cémodo—a comfortable ceémodamente comfortably en efecto in fact (el) duque Duke eedié, of ceder to cede, transfer de nuevo again depender to depend (el) crecimiento growth (la) compra ourchase de modo que so that pintoreseo picturesque (fa) comida meal; dinner; food trazada, of trazar, to trace, to plan (el) rectangulo rectangle El Dr. Fernandez y Carlos se dirigen desde Chicago a Nueva Orleans, Hacen el viaje en avion. Al contrario. Tantos viajes como No es que estén cansados del tren. han hecho por ferrocarril les ha acostumbrado a ir en el tren. Pero el avion es mas rapido, y como tienen pocos dias para estar en el pais quieren aprovecharlos bien. Sentados cémodamente en su asiento, padre e hijo hablan de la ciudad a que se dirigen. Carlos:—Nueva Orleans tendré para nosotros mucho interés, ya que pertenecié a Espaiia. Dr. Fernandez:—Por supuesto, hijo. Carlos:—Y también tiene mucho de francés esa ciudad, ;verdad? Dr. Fernandez:—En efecto. Fué fundada en 1718 por un explo- rador francés, quien le dié el nombre en honor del duque de Orleans. Cuarenta y cuatro afios después, Francia cedié Nueva Orleans a These factors are alleged to be the... Espana. En 1800 de nuevo volvié la ciudad a depender de Francia, y muy poco después, en 1803. los Estados Unidos la compraron a Napo- le6n, por quince millones de ddlares, con todo el territorio de Luisiana. Carlos: —Un territorio muy extenso, ;verdad? Dr. Fernandez:—Se extendia desde el rio Misisipi, en cuya orilla esta. Nueva Orleans, hasta las montafias Rocallosas, y desde Texas hasta el Canada. Carlos:—Entonces Nueva Orleans es una ciudad francesa. Dr. Fernandez:—Tanto como eso no, porque su crecimiento co- rresponde a la época posterior a su compra por los Estados Unidos. De modo que es una ciudad muy americana. Sin embargo, conserva un barrio o distrito francés, el Vieux Carré, pintoresco y con restanrantes famosos por sus excelentes comidas. La ciudad fué trazada por los franceses en forma de un rectangulo, y por eso el nombre de Vieux Carré, que en espafiol es Viejo Cuadrado. Carlos:—Entonces no podremos ver muchas cosas de la época espafiola. Dr. Fernandez:—Veremos algunas. Lo que mas te interesara sera la catedral de San Luis, construida en 1794, y a sus lados el Cabildo y el Museo Histérico del Estado. El Cabildo, que fué construido en 1795, y que era residencia del gobernador espaol, es hoy un her- moso museo de historia y arte. Carlos:—Me gustaria visitar el Cabildo tan pronto como hayamos descansado unas horas en Nueva Orleans. Dr. Fernandez:—Pues esa sera nuestra primera visita, si te pare- ce bien. Ya sabes que yo conozco la ciudad de Nueva Orleans, pues jestuve alli hace algunos afios. :