The New York Herald Newspaper, October 7, 1856, Page 4

2 el Say ngs and Doings In Boston—Musie Hall and Theedore Parker. Sr. Nicno.as Horet, } New Yor, Sept. 23, 1356. a ~- el To Jaues Goxvon Benyverr, Esq.:— Dean Sim—lI herewith send you two letters, writ- ten by myself: the one, deseriptive of an essay on “Religion, Considered as the Art of Life,” delivered by Theodore Parker, at Music Hall, Boston, on Sun- @ay, the 14th inst., and the other, descriptive of a conversational debate, or controversy, on the slave question, at Mr. Parker's residence, Exeter place, during the evening of that day, in which Messrs. Gerrison and Parker were the disputants, or collo- quivts, on the part of the North, and your corres- pendent the sole ehampion on the part of the South, although young Alabama stood by, strong in moral and intellectual vigor, ready and able, if requisite, 40 aid South Carolina in the conflict. These letiers were originally designed for the Charleston (S. C.) Courier; but, as they have un- expectedly expanded into dimensions, rather incon- venient for even that wide and capacions sheet and *omap of busy life,” and as I wish an extended and gen- era! circulation of my views, I prefer, and therefore request, the publication of my accompanying letters im your widely dispersed and influential journal, which (irrespective of its political or other merits, er demerits,) may truly be said to be an “epistle known and read of all men”. Your compliance with my wish will be esteemed a favor, by yours, very respectfully, Richard Yuapon. Sr. Nicwoias Horst, New Yorx, Sept. 21, 1556. T remained in Boston another Sunday, beyond my original intention, in order to hear Theodore Parker bold forth, at Music Hall, ina tirade~ nots sermon—against the South. 1 accordingly atteaded ‘en his ministration for that purpose. The spacious hall was well filled, (galleries and area,) although ot crowded, with an audience of both sexes; and ‘among those present I observed one female Topaz on the ground floor, and there were several Ebonies im the galleries. William Lloyd Garrisoa was seated not far from the saffron maid. On inquiry of a cour- teous gentleman, named William C. Ford, a free soil- er—next me, on my left, (who gave me mach in- formation about Mr. Parker.) I learned that Evony and Topaz were perfectly at liberty to attend Mr. Parker's discourses, in his temple of declamation and equality; but that it was a liberty seldom exer- ised by them—Mr. Parker's torm or mode Of reli gious belief and style of pulpit or rostram oratory, Being, | suppose, little suited to the taste of those @escriptions of human jewelry. Mr. Parker spoke ‘rom a desk, on the spacious plat form, whence the musicians, vocal and instrumen tal, discourse eloquent music during concerts or eratorios, and behind which was a noble statue of Beethoven. “that exquisite composer of magnificent symphonies”. There were numerous chairs on the Platform, to the right aud left and at the back of the speaker, few of which were occupied. When Mr. Parker rose his seat to commence the services of the & © stood some five fect ten imebes io his shoes beiag rather of moderate statare, for une who hes ‘made each a noise or clatter im the world, at least the world of Boston, as he bee @one Hiv bre * veld io fromt amd at top, ea! be War dy carviched with whiskers and guater. bat Wik tthe a + sod empioving moaste be Be wore gold «pecteries. o@ © not very prominent wore His age | thee vlge te be between forty. Bre yours and belf a eatery. Mr Garrison diters Oot Bech 'o stature 1 appears to be older than Mir. Porker He to, wee oid epectacies, is baid— Rader than bis frie 4 coadjator in warfare aguas Loe Sok bat remnants of hair be- bind, ap ears stand) from hishead. However they may dite y, and in their modus oper- they are p ile fratrum, in intense desire wert the cnerished domestic af uth. THY PRELIMINARY SERVICES. A beaatifal voluntary from a highly musical choir Parker then rose ood nencing * Our path lay sung by the choir and f the hymn, be ervent prayer to the Indnite in the course of the eariy removal ¢ twFndience. put up a devout and Author of al : ~ t ve oe ted volime men £ of thavles Bren & ¥ goed tree geth forth good fruit, But o corr. pt tree goth forth evil fruit. A good tree a tring forth evil fruit: neithe: cana * itruit. Every tree he + hewn down aad fraite ye * “Cove unto inden, and I will or as thyself, On the law aad the th byma Chri¢ a 32-4 then sung, commencing “ Onwar ~ emtering on b's requler discourse he made the aulitory in bebalf of saTering aod ying, inter alia, ywo battle, tut vd oar freedom” — ainittee, fur dis nong the destitate same at War- The ¢ a writtes one, and the text was taken from Proverts, L., v. 6. “Porsake the foolish en4 ve and no the way of understanding.” I caa- got call it a sermon. bet [i war « beautiful and high ly ebaborated and finiehe | essay on “Religioa, cons\- dered ws the Art of Life,” delivered with @ clear, eweet toned and marke! voice. Mr. Parker's style mey (+ charectericed as ciegant and accomp!ishet, oe Ulustrations wee forei vie, beaatifai and feil- citer a altboed! -emet: and net unfrequent! neve’, bamercas acd qualat. [a the beastifal ina geoge of Reriptare, ti tongue is as the pea of a and “his words, fitly spoken, are like As he poured a fos of gold 9 pi-tures of alver. power «ot Jelegen-e of mind shovld be Misappiied pervert! and profaned by their devotiogn oh seems to have en- lated be hoor) - Mad or craay some coll hom; bet there 6 too mace method in be "ot the phememenon—be fe simply On enthas ext wed @ fanatic, of a high order ef iwtelie t, cultivated teste rich imagination, varie | end extens:ve information, sad rare powers of bots © ace. expresta may 'e predicated of oF lied to ha manity: and thet this was to be 7 the ane of these powers which God hed oa creature, man, and ty the contro! and di- sulyected wo boman agency thie bigh phyxies!, imtelieewnal and more! cultare and developement was to bea! copian realization of hotman ‘ection and human ity, in whieh there would be neither wars, nor ramors of wars, nor discord, nor strife, nor oppression, nor wrong, and —_ q@hieh fell ip rich Of the eloquent bat rather vile , hiefly to be employed i “Ereckanics and polltior—each to bo = out ita beat men or best pro. farmer to enrich ie ote NEW YORK HERALD, TUESDAY, OCTOBER 7, 1856. OR which, he said, , called religious, laid very little stress. 2d. Justice, or the rule of right, which made » instead And here he dwelt, for a while, on the abuse of that five- lettered word, “piety,” and expressed his utter loathing of the nasal twang velling tone”, which were 5) commonly mistaken for, or as, that truly hallowed thing and nobie homage of the heart toa mercital, igi Ley love-inspiring Deity. Piety is manifested we of holiness and of infinite per- fection in all its forms, and in susceptibility to the beauty of holiness. No words are half uaudsome or ornate enough to describe piety—to depict the beauty of holiness. First, he defined ture to be the art of controlling the general vegetavle powers of na- ture, so a3 to clothe the earth with beauty, fri- grance and plenty, with flowers and fruits, with “milk and wnay and with “corn, and wine ana oil”. Secondly, mechanics he defined to be the art of invention or coustruction, fruitful in the creation or prodaction of cloth, the house, the ship, the monument, the pyramid, the catacomb, the like. Thirdly, he detined politics as “the art of State,” and called it “the necessity of man- kind,” but humorously remarked that its form de- pended very much on’human caprice, and was much affected by the accident of a democratic or a Kaow Nothing Governor. Lastly, piety or religion he defined to be the art of ieatoscaal life. He also characterized it as the art to use that Divine Power, which we call God, and to nge our spiritual instincts, so as to regulate society, and effect the sound developement, perfection and happiness of the human race. Our faculties incline us as naturally and instinctively to God, as wine in the cellar does to delight. These are our spiritual instincts. The end and aim of religion are to make the most perfect man and wowan, subjected to com- mon sense, but- common sense, regulated by con- science and enlightened by genius, which is ancom- mon common sense; and to serve God with ali our powers. God furnishes the materials and the cir- cumstances, and man, under the overruling Provi- dence of Diety, controls aud directs them to human urposes and results: 4 There is a divinity, That shapes our eude, rough-bew them how we will. The religious element is the strongest of our spi- ritual gifts, and looks to eternity as well as time, as we are beings, having “the promise of the life that now is and of that which is to come.” There is no more mystery in religion than in agri- culture. Magic, on contrary, is the imaginary art te contro! netare—to trick Jehovah out of what we are not entitled to, in hope or by work—and it is beither constrained by couscience, nor controlled by us, The impersonal power is what we cail God or Holy Spirit, and is that which is the object of hu nan religious worship, whether that homage of the soul be rendered by Peter,the Roman Catholic; John, the Protestant; Portia, Sally or Tabitha, Presbyte- rane; Jemima, the Quakeress; Rebecca, the Jewess; or the lhe. The infinite God is, in the universe, the restive power and conservative providence. All are but parts of one stupendous whole, Whose boty mature is, and God the foul That, chang’é throcgh a), and yet in ali the same, Great ip the th’ ethereal frame Warms in t reiresbes a the breeze, Glows io the siorm. some p the trees Lives through ai! ! # througt tent, Spreads ubdiv 4 unspent Briathes ww © mortal part, i at, po small— 4°, copmects, and equals ali. General couffdence and lively trast in the Divine power, wisdom, gooduess and perfection of God stand high im the catalogue of haman virt and lead to ricb enjoymeat bere, and to inexpress! ble bappinew bereaiter. ‘In his presence there is fulness of j nd at his right hand there are ples- sures joreverm . pement of nataral and general buman power produces individoals, varying 1a baracter end pursuits, such as Sally, Peter, Black k, Alexancer, Victoria, and the lik d col- and arranges men into villages, tribes, planta- sical developement of man belongs proper- ogy -—-we want doctors of the body, art of producing and sustalaiag strong, healthy and ban e human bodies. The Irish woman, with dirty hands and freckled arms, hand- ling or purchae'ng a cabbage in market, is the same in prospect, or in representative or procreative futu- rity, with the sebolar in his library; and the forme: produce, ander due conformity to physiological itions,a higher type of progeny, in comparison, than that of the man of letters and refinement Bin America, as geceral rule, few attaia emi- bence, who are boro to wealth; greatness is the growth of nature, and it depends mach on the right use of time and opportunity, whether one shall wear the comely girmeuts of elevated humanity, or the re- spectable habiliments of the —— ter or the baker, or the motley ones of the clow: re are great odds, or inequalities, in the fidelity o: to time and to self-cuitare, The New England States are great in everything but in me reat in nat great io art, bat poorinmen. [hey want brave men; and excellent men and women are rare among them—like angels ts, “few and far between.” Let young and old lay their shoulders to the wheel, and, by # strong anited and God-aided eflort, remove thia disparity Letween the rational aad the irrational creation in our New En, d abode. Absointe good ia, in the order of Providence, the end and purpose of } isional means for ite attainment are power of self and. Strong will and unity of action are re- site to control and govern the passions, whea, team of wila Lorves, they are drawing aud tearing to the right and left, and flinging away from virtue and pane | into vice and criminality. This divergence results from instinctive passions ia the young, and reflective ca.culation in the old. as- #on aaeails and overcomes the young, chiefly betw: the ages of eighteen and thirty years, and they rasa to the grog shop, the gaming taele, and the haunts of pollutic Ambition ks the old or elderly, between the ages of forty and sixty years; it is then that embition reaches its highest point,and the grext battle of life is foaght. Ambition is worse than debauchery; it hugs and clings to the old, Wke the fatal shirt of Nessus, while passion commends ‘tue nnbleseed cap,” whose “i dient is a devil,” to the Ip and the draught of young; and plunges them in ruin—in “steep-down gulfé of liquid fire.” Let men beware of both, for wide lv the rain which the a car of amlition leaves in ite bloody or crusbiag track, and terrible is the desolation, when “ wine” mes & “mocker,” « rong drink is raging when the wine is red a it giveth his pte a cop; “when it biteth, like a serpent, ani inget! like an adder”. Seck, then, self command at once over sensual and selfieh passions; avoid youthful lusts, and that calculating ambition and sordid covetousness, which too beset and master those of maturer years. 2. Knowledge of right, giving tenderness and susceptibility to cousclence. 3. Some object of special afiec- tion, —_ some one [mys pol outgoing of affection, on t 09 man or woman is sufficient for kapplness. m . some worthy object of love—search out objects of charity and benevolence—practice that twice- Viewed virtoe, which blesseth giver more than the reeeiver— which loves, not even that it may be loved back again, but only for love's sake. This 1« education and the highest order—educa- tion and elevation of the heart, which pt phe pan Creature to that God who is love. out of self aad velfichness; seex some favorite pursuit, other than that to which business or custom binds you. Let net the lawyer Say, himeelf in his or bide himeelf in his musty tomes, in, until, like them, he is laid oa the just and disuse, to moulder away, un- read of bus fellow men. Let not the divine bide him- i § self in bis gown or canonicals, or even in his Bible pa pln pos f but let him go out into the world and expand his heart and his humanity in social in to his , or to his other favorite object or si in deo nish, but let ail, of all ening component ind; and thas homage te Coestet ta carvien to the oneaken and gifted — closed with an invocation the tavor of the Deity, © “Bless the Lord, O my me bless his holy Blew the Lord oh my soul, and forget not a , He vaarh inv 374 healeth dine anes: redee. nt from destruction; who crowneth thee with loving py tender ey By — thy month yi ia re newed The he A (resins, Gili ts) fol- lowed with a benediction and ascription of Pre auditory then dispersed without farther cere- mony. T went to Music Hall, expecting and wishing to hear, from Mr. Parker, a strong and bitter phil opie against the South and slavery, especially as | had been told by a friend that, on ‘the previous Sabbath, P.) had indulged in a strongly abusive inat the gallant “‘caner” of the miscreant and Sumner, and against the South, gen- erally; but, to my ne little rise and Lg 3 pointment, he was, in the mal, and save, in @ few instances, a8 mild and refreshing a8 a vephyr, or “the gentle South” itself—having per- haps, however, only bottled up his Borean and stormy wrath tor some other occasion. Of this, however, I cannot undertake to speak advisedly. It is my duty to “1 extenuate, nor set down augbt in malice;” and all that I have to say is that IT went to hear @ ranting and half-demented fanatic indulge in “sound fury nothing,” ainst the reviled and hated ; and, in lieu thereof, I had my ear charmed with soft and persua- sive tones, my literary taste gratified by chaste and eloquent bed » my fancy amused by beautiful imagery and novel illustration, and my mind exer- cised by much bold and original thought, com- mingled with visionary theory and dreamy Utopian- é ism. My introduction and visit to Mr. Parker, at his own house, and my controversy or debate with him end William Lloyd Garrison—with the lions of abo- itioniem in their very den—I must reserve for, and make the staple of another letter. Rucuaxp YEADON. Sr. Nicnotas Hore, New Yor, Sept. 22, 1856. INTRODUCTION TO REV. THEODORE PARKER. The services at Music Hall having been concluded, as narrated in my last letter, I lingered to get a good view of Mr. Parker; and, being offered an in- troduction to him, I followed him into an apartment across the passage way, between that apartment and the hall in which he had just discoursed, and was presented to him. He no soouer heard my name than he said: “ Are you the gentleman that I saw and heard speak at the Plymouth celebration in 18537” 1 replied, “ Yes, the'very man, who, ‘with the weakest and feeblest voice, you had ever heard, from South Carolina, dared to defend slavery on the sacred sail of Plymouth’.” At this he smiled, and f added: “ At home, sir, I am thought te have rather @ loud and sovorous voice.” After seme other slight interchange of words, I told him I would like to have some conversation with him, and he there- upon said he would be happy to see me at his honse, Exeter place, after 7 o’clock, on the eveniog of that day. THE VISIT TO THBODORE PARKER. At or near the appointed hour, I proceeded to Mr. Parker's, accompanied by N. H.R. Dawson, Esq., tonof the late Lawrence E. Dawson, Esq., and a native of Charleston, but now a resident of Cahaba, Dallas county, Alabama, and a practising lawyer there—a gentleman of high character and talent, cultivated mind and refined taste—who is corres- ponding wich and writing a very elegant series of letters for the Dallas (Ala.) Gazette. On ar- riving at Mr. Parker's residence, we were po- litely and cordially received by that gentle- man, and introduced by him to Mrs. P. and to several other ladies, and to several gentlemen whom we found assembled in the parlor or draw- ing room. Among the ladies was Mrs. Garrison and among the gentlemen was the famous abolition- ist, William Lloyd Garrison,and Mr. J. Z. Goodrich, and Mr. Willis. Mr. Parker assured me that the pre- sence of the gentlemen above named was entirely accidental, (bis friends being accustomed to drop in,on Sunday evenings, for social converse); but added that he did not regret the occurrence, as they were the very persons he would have selected and invited to meet me. On being introduced to Mr. Goodrich, I said, with empressement: “What, Peter Parley?” “Not exactly”, replied he, smilingly; and Mr. Parker in- formed me that his guest was Mr. Goodrich, former- ly and lately » member of Congress from Massaclin- setts; when I added: “ Ob, 1 remember now, Peter Parley is in Europe”. WILLIAM LLOYD GABRISON. Introductions being al! over, I took my seat near Mr. Garrison, who immediately commenced a dis- cussion with me oa the lawfulness, morality and li manity of the institution of slavery, which we b conducted with great vigor and earnestness, and al- most exclusively, for some time, Mr. Parker and other gentlemen only occasionally putting in a word. THE PRO-SLAVERY AND ANTI-SLAVERY DBBATE. I pressed home on Mr. Garrison the scriptara argument, shewing that Jehovah himself not oni sanctioned the pre-existing system of slavery, but actually* ordained it among the Jews—his chosea people—as a perpetual institution, authorizing and commanding them to make and to buy slaves of the besthen that were round about them, as a posses- sion and an inheritance for themselves and Leir children, or posterity, forever, and expressly recog- nized slaves as prope.ty, in the remarkable injunc- tion, that where a Jewish master smote his slave, who died under the stroke, after a day or two, the master should no} be punished, “Because” says God, “he is his money”; that Jebovah himself returned the first runaway or fugitive slave to her jealous, ti treating and persecuting owner, Sarai, who, by Abram # permission, had “dealt hardly with her,’ 80 much #0, that “she fled from the face of her mix tress” into the wilderness—at a time, too, when she bore within her the little sanctuary of embryo life that, by Sarai’s own doing, was to make Abram the ancestor of the Ishimaelites—and commanded the returned fugitive ‘to submit herself under tne hand” of her capricious and tyrannical mistress; and that Jehovah himself, amid the thonders and solemnities of Sinai, placed slave property under the protection of the Decalogue, expressly ninst “covetousness,” and impliedly against thett and robbery. At the assertion, on my part, that Jehovah was the first who exeeuted the Fugitive Slave law of the Bible, Mr. Garrison exclaimed “blasphemy!” “What?” said I, “blasphemy sim ply to quote the words of scripture!” He there- upon denied that it was scripture, or God's word, and evendenied that Hogar was Abram's slave at all! 1 then went on and added the cumulative testi- mony, or evidenee, of the New Testament to that of the Old, and showed that both St. Pan! and St. Pe- ter recognized slavery as an existing institution uu- der the Roman empire, (where the master had the of life and death over the slave,) and rega d (not abolished) it by a code for the conduct of both Christian slaves and Christian masters, admit- ting Christian masters into full chorch fellowshio communion, and counselling Christian slaves to fidelity and obedience to, and —— theft from, and even against impertinence to, Christian masters, good and bad, be ig and unonfleting, as “thank- worthy” conduct, and asa mode of “adorning the doctrine of God their Saviour in al! things;" and that St. Paul, after converting the runaway slave One-im Christianity, returned him to Pkile- mon, his Christian master, and pledged himself for his fatare good conduct and profitableness to his owner. In reply to this Mr. Garrison denied that Onesimns wae a slave at all, or anything more than a hired servant, on the ground that he is spoken of as owing a debt to Philemon, which St. Paul as sumed and promised to pay; and that, if a slave, be could not owe a debt to anyone. I answered that the debt was doubtless that of duty or obe- dience, which bad been withheld or untaithfully performed, or arising from theft or robbery, covmit- ted in the past. St. Paul says “If he hath wre thee, or oweth thee any thing, pot that to mine account.” Philemon, v. 18. 1 also insisted that it was absurd to suppose that a hired servant, who bad a right to quit his owner's service at will, should have heen returned to his master, hy the apostle, under the circumstances and in the manner that Onesimus had been restored to Philemon, whom St. Paul recognized as his “dearly beloved friend and fellow laborer,” and as one by whom “the bowels of the saints were refresh- ed,” when he was that horrible thing, in the eyes of modern fanaticism, or of Pharisaical righteousness— aslavebolder. Mr. Parker had another yet shorter and more patent way of getting over the dilenma— he did not quibble on the meaning of words, as his principal in the argament had done, but boidiy areerted that Onesimus was not the slave but the bro- ther—the illegitimate brother, I think—of Philemon. Both of the anti-slavery . finally adopted a wholesale meth py however of evading the force of Poth thy bondmen, and thy bondmaids, which thow shalt b hail be o: the heathen that are round about you, of them sbail ye bay bondmen and bondmaids. creover, of the children of the strangers that do s0- jou; n among you, of them shall ye buy, and of their fa- milice that are with you, which they begat in your land and they shall be your posression And ye shall take them for an inheritance for your children after you to nbevit them for @ possession. they shall be your bond. men forever, but over the children of lerael, ye shall pot rule one over another with rigor’—Leviticous, xxy. ¥. 44-46, Scriptorel ither by de: that were ipturel proofs, either by denying eA Sipomene of ater, it aay wens on aes ‘to the vineeandig conscience reason and privatojeag. of ment to reject all such passages as spurious, or not emanating from God, the same hetag ba express oat tradiction of his attributes of justice, be. nevolence. In this connection, Mr. instanced many cases in the Seriptures where God is repre- sented as having authorized or commanded cruelties, barbarities and ¢ at which humanity shaddered and revolted, all which he rejected on the same -principle that ne did all Scriptural testimony and authority in favor of slavery. reply was that there were many things in the Old » Which we perhaps did not or clearly understand, but which I resolved in and by the sovereignty of God, and that finite should not yet judge the In- finite. He then re-asserted was ly represented in the Old Testament as sancti in- morality and crime; to which T nded that, Tespol were I convinced of that, (which I was not), I should eet the whole Bible, and not do, as they did, just select what parts I pleased to believe, and what to reject. In other words, they both held themselves at liberty, in the exercise of the right of private judgment, to reject all Biblical teachings, as Bpecey- phal or unreasonable, which did not square with the! own fanatical and self-righteous doctrines and views. Finding such to be their position, I refused, wheu the subject was recurred to by Mr. Garrison, to argue the scriptural lawfulness of slavery any far- re with persons who rejected the authority of the Mr. Garrison was occasionally harsh and severe— I will not say rude—in his manner and his remarks; but I was told ne was more than usually temperate in his discussion with me. He expressly charged me, (asrepresenting the South, | suj .) with fraud and robbery, both of the slave and himselt, (as repre- senting the North, I suppose,) in compelling hin, through our abominable and unprofitable system of slave labor, to pay a much higher price for hern staples, than they could be produced and obtained for, under a system of free labor, which it was our duty to substitute for our present unrighteous, op- pent and fraudulent system, contrary alike to umanity and the eternal principles of justice. I retorted by Rs gd insincerity and _hy- pocrisy on him and his associates, in the abolition movement—telling them that they were, in fact, the supporters and encouragers of slavery in the South, by their consumption of Southern sta- ples and products—that, were they in earmest, they ‘wonld cease to consume our cotton, rice and sugar; and, were they to give this decisive manifestation o! theirsincerity, slavery in the Soathern States would die a natural death ina very short time. This ar- gument Mr. Parker attempted most sophistically to answer, as follows:—“I am ne more responsible for, or a supporter of Southern slavery, by my purchase and consumption of hern “ cotton, rice and sugar, than | am responsible for and a supporter of Russian serfdom and op; ression, by Wy purchase and consumption of Russian baa . My reply to this was that the cases were analogous—that Russian serfdom and oppression depended not on the culture or consumption of hemp for its existence or coptinuance—that, were hemp not}consumed at all, or blotted from the list of agricultaral products, this would not abate or influence Russian oppression, or serfdom, one jot or tittle, especially among a peo- ple, who, like the Russians, were in love with op- ression and hugged their chains,and held loyalty their imperial oppressor to be « part of their religion—adding that, as for serfdom, it had been greatly modified and was fast disappearing from ussia, in spite of the hemp culture. Between Southern staples and Southern slavery, on the other hand, there was an intimase connexion and de- pendence, and neither could exist without the other. 1 then carried the war into the enemy's coun- try—aye, even to the very gates of Carthage— by exposing the insincerity and hypocrisy of the abolitionists in practically denying, while theoreti- cally and pretensively yielding, equal political and social rights to the black and colored race; and in- sisted that consistency bound them to send black and colored legislators to Congress and their State Legislatures, to clothe them with the ermine of jus- tice, and to place in their hands the executive baton, and other political offices and distinctions; and, fur- thermore, to permit them to lead their daughters and sisters, as partners, down both the dance of the ballroom and the dance o/ life. Turning then point- edly to the female portion of my auditory, | ssid: “Ladies, are avy of you prepared to receive black or colored persons, a3 your partners in matrimony and ter life?’ To this Mr. Garrison tartly rejoined that such marriages would bear a fa- vorable comparison with the illicit connexons, formed in the South between the two races; and | responded: “Sir, I decline to discuss that question with you, in this presence.” Mr. Parker then said: “T suppose none of the ladies present, were they at liberty, would be willing to accept black or colored busbands; but neither would any of them accept, for a husband, a man of eighty years.” I replied that, for obvious reasons, there was no analogy in the cares. 1 fully explained to Mr. Garrison and Mr. Parker, and to my auditory generally, the meliorations that Southern slavery and Southern slavery legislation had undergone since colomal days—adverting particularly to the substitution and actual enforcement of the death-penalty for murder- ing a slave, in place of the pecuniary mulet, under colonial legislation, for the same offence, the cheer- ing progress o! missionary effort and Christianity among Southern slaves, and the improved human'ty of their treatment, together with the kindly ahd fectionate relations that obtain between the South- ern master acd his slaves. On these heads gene- nerally, I found Mr. Parker disposed to be liberal, but Mr. Garrison, while avowing his entire sympathy withand credence of the piteous and often false or exaggerated tales of fugitive slaves, was exceed- ingly hard of belief, and sceptical as to the trath of my statements, not on the score of my veracity, but on the ground that | was an interested witness, whose testimony ought to be rejected, seemingly in total forget{ulness that his ebony pets were lianle to be turned oct of court on precisely the same exvcep- tion. I brought attention to the fact that Southern- ers made much kinder masters than Northern men or foreigners, who had been accustomed to free |a- bor and its terribly exacting requisitions; and ex- plained this on the double principle that the North erner or foreigner wanted the sentiment of heredi- tary or customary attachment to the slave, which distinguished the ve born Southerner, and was aatient of the smal! amount of labor to be ob‘ain om the eave, in comparison with that which they were wont to wring from the hands and the sweat of the free laborer. 1 also casually mentioned, as pertinent to the dis ion, that the sen- timents of imported Northerners were often mis- takenly seized upon, by Northern writers and speak- ers,asan index of Southern feeling and opinions. For instance, Mrs. Stowe, in copying into her “Key to Uncle Tom's Cabin,” from the Charleston (8. C.) Cow my report of the trial of a lady of wealth and highly respectable family, for the alleged mar- der of ber slave, (which resulted in her acquittal) had disregarded the all-important fact that we had expunged from our statute book, in South Carolixa, the colonial mulet for slave-murder, and substituved for it the death-penalty, (which was acutually en- fo. ced in the winter or spring of 1553, on two white men, at Walterborough, near Caarleston, for killing, with wanton cruelty and shocking barbarity, » poor runaway slave, whom they so disfigured and mangied that he could hot be identified, and both his name and that of his owner were and still are undiscovered.) and cites the speech of the late C amin Faneuil Hunt, (one of the test i wyers in his day and generation,) in defence o' isoner, condemning tue new and extolling the old a es a proof of South Carolina sentiment. Now, Col. Hunt was a Northern man, born in Massachu- setts, bore the honored name of Faneuil, one of his ancestors, and was nearly an adult when he settled in Charleston, as a student of law. The die tinguished Petigra, a native of South Carolina, yet in his preeminence at the Charleston bar, the colleague ard associate of Col. Hunt, in their suc- ceseful defence of the prisoner, would have scorned to utter the sentiment “or take the position (only rofersionally asewmed, I really believe,) of his Rorthern colleague”, on that occasion. So, too, when Mr. Hoar visited Charleston, on his unlucky and onwise mission from Massachusetts, .¢ was waited on by Mr. James Rose and other native- born Southerners, who took along with them Dr. J. B. Whitridge, a highly ee and emi- nent ph , resident in jeston, but Massa- churetts-born, and politely communicated to hic. Hoar that a mob spirit was fast rising against him, smong 4 certain cl of our citizens, which would soon reach an uncontrollable height,and advised dim inated leave the city, tendering their residences and hospitalities of their families to the daughters of Mr. H., if his sudden removal should render inconvenient their departare, at so short @ notice. This civility and Kindness were taken in dud by Mr. Hoar, and he forthwith de- rted with his daughters, in Lope J indignation, converting into insulting expulsion what was meant in kindness and respect. The only approach to violence offered Mr. Hoar on the occasion was by consteble Thomas B. Swift, a Massachusetts-born Southerner, who iil-advisedly shook a stick over Mr. Hoar's head, in the street, and ordered him off, under in of a coat of tar and feathers, ‘The only, and, as they thought, the sufficient an- ewer to these instances, on the of Messrs. Parker and Garrison, was that it was additional proof of the evil of the slave aysiem, that it should have produced such an evil effect on Northern men. lexplained to my contreversialists the peculiar itfes (ty te of rer race— showing their |, by nature y the God eriatere to the culture of our soil and of our great step'es: that the negro flourishes, is healthy and grows fat, and sleek, daring the onr rice, long cotton and clin ate and the malarious yhere it is death to the white man to pasy p night there, from. high bilious congestive fever, a disease from which the negro agent that the Irish ditchers, (much soem expemas) Sieh than our negroes, oes sie tet summer; negro will stripoff clothing, on the of his body, TiPsee the the'field in mid one pela will throw off bis hat or cap and lie down to sleep in the burning and broiling sun (to the white man), with- out any covering to his head, save its natural wool; that the negro children voluntarily strip themselves noked and lie down to bask, as a luxury, in the sum- mer sun—all which went to prove that they were fitted and designed, by an all wise and all merciful God, to cultivate the soil of the ny, South for the use of the white man, and to convert the swamp and the morass into the cotton, corn or rice field, and trans- form what was once (and without slave labor would agua be) a howling wilderness, into a para- Tadded that the summer was the season of health for the negro, and the winter his period of sickness and death, from pueumonia and pulmonary disease. Mr. Parker admitted the pec: adapta- tion of the ,from color and other causes, to endure tropical heats; but the other facts, above detailed, seemed to make bnt little or no impression on him and Mr. Garrison. They insisted, in reply, that the blacks ought to be made to cultivate the soil as free laborers; but 1 answered that they were naturally yy and indssposed to labor, and only com- pulsion could set or keep them at it ; and I cited Ja- maica and Hayti as instances in Polat, semerting that both those regions had retrogaded in agriculture, and that the latter bad relapsed, or was fast relaps- ing into , under the unfortunate experi- ment of African emancipation and self rule. On this head, my premises were questioned, and of lg pg ey a pul ut I a wl ing in those islands, and to Bigelow’s book on Jamaica (although written with the copeie view) to sus me in my assertion and opinion. I here mentioned that, many Focodin, hort named Jack, (belonging to my father,) who had imbibed from the Old Testament the mis- taken notion that he was entitied to his freedom af- ter seven years’ service, (a privilege which attached only to the Hebrew and not to the Heathen slave,) absconded, and escaped in some sailing vessel to Port-au-Prince, whence he some time a‘terwards wrote a letter to my father, hoping that he would not think “hard of his leaving him, as liberty was dear to every man,” and offering three hundred dol- lars for his childless wife, whom he had left behind, but tendering no pay for himself, and signing the letter “John Brown, or John Yeadon.” dis wife, however, who had been the dry nurse of most of my father’s children, including myself, declared that she age i remaining with her foster children; and he faith‘ul and attached Mauma did so remain, and died in my father’s possession and service. Several Mees after Jack’s escape, afree mulatto man, (the legitimate son of an Englishman, known as Sir Harry Grant,) formerly a resident of Charleston, bat tken of Port-au-Prince, where he said he was secretary to the United States Consular, or unoffi- cial agent, visited Charleston incog., and had an in- terview with me as a lawyer, on professional busi- ness. In the course of conversation I inquired after Jack, and young Grant said he knew him very well. and that he kept asailor boarding house at Port-au- Prince, and was doing well there. He added that the government of Hayti did not encourage fugitive slaves from the United States to seck a refuge there; but, while the Haytien authorities never in- terfered to return fugitive slaves to their owners, and perhaps would not have dared to do so publicly, they yet winked at their recapture; and that, if I would give him a Renee of attorney for the purpose, be would replace Jack in my father’s possession, in avery short time. I declined the offer, saying that as Jack had got his freedom he was welcome to it, and that I would not have him back again for any earthly consideration. Young Grant further in- formed me, that although slavery nominally had no existence in Hayti, yet it was there practically, as all idle and vagabond persons—of whom there were not a few—not having any visible means of liveli- hood, were taken up by the government, and sent to the plantations, and there compelled to labor, under miiitary rule and rigor. He also stated that, although the law prohibited the application of the lash, yet severe punishment was inflicted on the idle or re- phew’ on the plantations, by a kind of bastinado, applied, not as in Turkey, to the sole, but to the in- step of the foot.* adverted to an interesting incident which had recently happened to me, at Boson, to show the kindly and aifectionate relation between Southern masters and Southern slaves. One night, at the Revere House, I received a mysterious looking package, with eight postage stamps, directed to my address, and on oan it, in the presence of several freesoilers, 1 found that it contained an admirable daguerreotype miniature and likeness of my head servant, Joe, a letter by the same mail ac- companying it, in which my servant used the kindest expressions towards his mistress aud myself, and signed bimeelf “ Your affectionate and obedient servant, Joe Waites.” Mr. Parker said he was aware of the kindly relations often existing between master and slave, but both be and Mr. G nseem- ed to regard them as exceptional, and as having no- thing to do with the question under discussion. I answered that I had merely narrated the incident as one that was deeply interesting to myself ana might prove so to others; and I was willing to let it peas, without further comment, for what it was wo + The letter of Joe was dictated only, (for be can neither read nor write,) not written by himself. My sister, in Charleston, wrote thus concerning it: “ You will receive a letter from your servant Joe— he dictated it, and Peter J. Couturier, [your cor- respondent's ward,] andertook to write it”. I wrote a long and affectionate reply to the letter of my faithful servant, and here is the account of the recep- tien of my reply by him, or of its being read to him, in a recent letter trom my sister :-— “T have just finished reading to Joe your letter to bim. I wish you could have seen the look of perfect pleasure and delight his ebon face expressed. He sends his love to master and mistress, and Mise Eliza, and thanks you for your kind letter to him, and says it will ever ve the pleasure of his life to be faithful in doing his duty to you and to his mistress. He longs to see you all once more at home. He is very glad that you are pleased with the daguerreo- ty It is, indeed, an excetlent one.”t urged the fact that the gifted Everett (whom Mr. Parker bad referred to as authority on some otber point) was authority for the position or theory, developed at length and with great force, in hie address, a few years since, before the Historical Society of New York, that God was, in his wisdom and providence, working out a great problem by the enslavement of the African race in this country; that the negro race in Afri still in the sauce condition of one barbal and heatheniam, in which it been found at the eartiest period of recorded history; that ali efforts to civilize and Christianize the negro, on his native soil, had —_ failed, and timt the only successful attempt at his en- lightenment, civilization and Christianization, had been through the pupilage of slavery in America; and that nowhere else, on the face of the globe, could Our Saviour thos speaks, in Luke xii, v. 47, 48:— “Ano that rervant, which kaew bis lord's will, and pre- pared not bimeelf, shall be beaten with mauy striper. And he ‘that krew not and did commit thit ge worthy of Atripes, eball be beaten with few etripes.”” ‘servant will not be corrected by words, for ah be understand he will not auswer. '—l’roverbs, ix, ¥. “Behold, as the eyes of the servants look unto the hand Of their masters, acl as the eyes & maiden unto tae hend of her mistress; 80 ovr eyes wait upon the |ord our God, until that he have mercy upon us." —P'salm exxiit., v2 Here is express authority, from both the Old and the New Testaments, for the correction or punishment of slaves. + The following extract, from a recent number of the Boston Darly Times, will give some idea of Joe's letter to 4 Of the mode OF ite reception — Istestetixe Ixcineyt —A Southern gentleman resi - nt of Charleston, &. C. bas been travelling at the ‘orth for seme time past, and who bas been stopping at the Revere House, in this city, a week or more, on Satur: Cay jast, received through the mai! # mysterious looking packsge bearing uprn it eight postage stamps. Not bay ing the fear of torpedo before bis eyes, he opened it, and, to bis surprise and pleasure, te found enclosed a puerreety pe re of his bead servant, accom 'y & letter to bie “dear "The reception of this token War ge unexpected as it was most agreeable. We are allowed the priviiege of making an extract or two from the letter, which will be found interesting from its aseociations, itis to be presumed that Mrs. Stowe wili pobdlich a v' to ‘Dred,’ the same as sho did to © Uncle Tom,”’ in order to explain the mesning of the no- vel, and we recommend this to her as an instance of how cruelly masters treat their slaves, and bow bitterly the Jatter bate their masters — ONARLRETON, Sept. , 1954, My Dean Mastan—T have taken this opportunity of writi you a few lines. 1 would have written you before, but I di hoc know precisely where yon were before your lat letter to Mrs. t——. Hoping this will find you, mistress and Miss Biiza well and enjoying yourselves very mueh, yet I was very worry wind to hear that ry, ‘Do, if ot, te Sow dye for me Te ee , ‘on mut, wd? for en threvigh Richmond, tell Mr. W-—, sad the young . And let thes that Daddy paid a visit MUedar Grove x iow iwamp. are also. ig eplendidty (for yon know each servant has his own separate crop. which he finds time to work after he haa finished hia task, Which he generally does pretty early in the dny)., Old Serub, & man of four score yours, will make up Wards of forty bushela of rice by himself. "Mase Gendron Capt F: Gendron Palmer, commander {a chief of Atehi eon, OX )who bad been on a visit to Charleston, to obtain « fresh supply of funds, et bere, on the 6th of ina omth, Yor to have @ fight with the abolt Kanene, in fine spi feniers there, tnd Iti bi ye.om the care, myself, the nor ni return safe to his porning Vivends. °° *"* There ts alitiic fever rouen it the elty, but not jh to run a citizen out. I pe wo soo ne ately ai home Ih. five or stk weeks, for there’ inch place as home; for, even little Bill, inquires, from day to day when manea and miasix, and Mice Eli ary Vikeau rre coming home. All the family i# well, and all the servants join me in love to yon al). and long to eee Th T remain your aflectiouate and obedient «errant, JOE WAITERS, be such @ body of intelligent, civilized Lad fe sae Chats " athe four of slaves iceen na the wee progress questioned or doubted, if not denied, . Evec- qewan disclaimed a2 authority by EE on the d that he was and ever been sisvery man and an enemy to human ag ¥ The horrible slavery of ‘tricans in Aj and the barbarous manner, in which they were slaugh- tered hecatombs to slake the ble eta at the present day, as times, were also commented on, by myself, as tions of their enslavement in Ame! illustrated by the As narrated by & missionary, or missionaries to pe roy’ region of interior Africa, Mr. itted the enslavement of Africans in Africa, and mentioned an instance of African captives, rejoicing at the discovery that they were to be slaves of being put to death HS ay pont Tadded that T yg - oof of ion juent! Hen constrated to NOP, me ch rom cue and cruel chastisement paren’ ‘ nt as | would have revolted at inflictin myeelf; and the negro driver, it is notorious, ie more severe in the eaten of the lash than the white overseer. Mr. Pa:ker disputed the positi ib 4 we instances of hu: modified my statewen ex] that the cruelty, I especially co sah to in negroes, was ex- clusively practised on their own race, and never ex- sented os bon race, towards whom, in the vat a ey are kind bene- volent,, notwithstanding ‘thelr centempt for were worked less and more comfortably cared for than the white peasantry of the N South, nurses and hospitals were provided for thent when sick, and masters were beund by law to feed and clothe them properly at all times, and to pro- vide for them when aged and infirm; and missionaj vies were engaged in caring for theirgouls, by Sabbath day and other Byeechiog catechetical instruction and, pastoral visits, in health and in sickness. In this con- nection, I instanced the case of a large rice planter, with two hyndred slaves, on Pon-Pon, a branch, or section, of the Edisto river, in South and with a farm on the Harlem river, in New York, thus having both slave an’ ‘ce Jabor under him, and he is of opinion that hard work, scanty elt and short commons fall to the lot of the free laborer, while eomparatively light work and abundant food and clothing are the allotment of the slave laborer. On seeing the quantity of work, exacted of free la- borers by the manager of bis Harlem farm, he told him it was too severe, so severe that he would not exact the like trom his Southern slaves. Missi one day a white laborer from his usual place an‘ work, at the Heriem farm, the benevolent Souther geod inquired what had become of him. “He sick and discharged,” was the reply. “What, '* rejoined the discharge him because he is sick!’ ree a — is he, Nee has become of him ?? “J know not,” was the response. The good Samaritan iran § i out the poor free laborer, found him sick, without money, in distress anduncared for, and he forthwith visited and took him in, and cared for him, as for one of his Southern. slaves. Let the Northern farmer take a lesson here from the Southern planter, and (4 and do likewise. If it be said here that free labor is proved, by the -foregoing statement, to be more profitable thar slave labor, the answer is twofold—Ist, It may be true as to the North, but then the free laborer is over- worked, under-fed, under-clothed and under-paid. 2d. It is not true, as tothe South, for, in the ie ene of the South where sugar,rice and long-staple cotton are grown, the white man can neither labor nor live for six months inthe year, and the negro will not work, except under the compulsion of s master. Talso stated that negroes were naturally lazy. and would not work, save under the compafsios of slavery. Mr. Parker questioned this, and instance: cases Of agricultural, and other industry, and of oro- gress in ingenious arts in Africa, as showing the contrary. I replied that this was probably due to slavery in Africa. I charged home, upon the North, and espec ally on Massachusetts ant Rhode Isiand, the sin an? _ any, os, - - least fod aa. iz perpetuating domestic ith- ern States. Virginia, South Caroling and 5 as colonies, had repeatedly remonstrated importation of Atrican slaves within limits, and the institution was forced on them, by thé mo- ther country, for her own selfish purposes and Ite Such was the origin of African slavery in the United States, then the colonies of Great Britain. On the formation of the constitution of the United States, Massachuretts, Rhode [sland and Connecticut, a pee New England, united with the Southern ‘tates to prolong the slave trade ia the shios of the Union, until the year 1808, and, inthe meantime,the South, owning no ships, the vessels of Massachu- setts and Rhode Island, chiefly, and doubtless those of Connecticut also, imported slaves from Africa into the Southern States, and exchanged them for Southern money, at great pecuniary profit; and, £ added, if they wished now to free the descen- dante of those whom they had ¢ ‘or bought’? in their native africa, and sold into slavery in the South, the least they could do would be to refund = ona money, or, in other words, disgorge @ spoil. In proof of the good treatment of the slaves i the Southern Stetes, I adverted to the conclosive fact, that, from a very small number comparativel, of imported African ‘ancestors, they had multiplies: into the vast number of four millions, although the slave trade had ceased under the constitution of the United States, in the year 1°08; whereas in the West Indies, and in Brazil, the slave trade had con- ‘tinued until the present day, and there was ar immense decrease of the slave population im those countries, so great was the waste there of homan life, notwithstanding a continuous fresiz supply, by new importations from the African coast. an Bow mech eee tod Spm as slaves here, when in Atnca they were for the most , captives of the swerd and "pear, either to boils slaves to ferocious Afriean masters, or to be barbarously put to death; and it is undoubted that, whatever charm there may be, to the inteUigent and high = Anglo-Saxon, in the name and the thing, Iiberty, the benighted and degraded Africam prefers American slavery to African death. I also contended that history shewed the abo- lition of slavery in New England lly, or ab all events, in Massachusetts, to have @ matter ot moonshine, and in Connecticut to have been sa ingeniously contrived as to make it a source of profit instead of loss. Maeeachusetts had but few domes tic slaves at any period of her history. Like Rhode {sland, her man-stealers sold their spoil, for the most: part, to the South; and, when she her few slaves it was purely accidental and not by direct legislation. To cuard against apprehended encroach- ments of the general government, on her adoption of the United States Constitation, she adopted also a = Hi ~~ ae vn ae was a clause, similar to vat in tl Jeclaration ndependence, all men to be created equal, and that here wort certain inalienable rights, among which were life, liberty and the ron of happiness. Judicial con- struction of this clause, (not k |.) designed tor quite another purpose, em pated the few do- mestic slaves then left 5 aaa, In Con- necticut there was a much larger number of sla’ in Fe pee and e ier ‘een-eyed and purse lovin; ikees, but doubtless a welladefoed ‘cours, A law was ,emancipating all slaves, thereafter to be when they should arrive at the age of 25 |, but no law was simultaneously peoeed, — the sale or deportation of slaves in the intermediate period. Keen sighted interest took advantage of the omis- sion; and, a & law was subsequently passed, rohibiting the sale or deportation of slaves, before daveee pers had tke wo , a their s| = 0 n care r slaves and convert them into Southern money. Mr. Parker frankly admitted that the North or the New England States were ily to blame for the origin and continuation of slavery in the Southern States, and that there was some palliation for the conduct of the South, but said that this by no meang nstified the South in iteelf apholding and continuing the insitution. He also admitted the accuracy of version of the abolition of slavery in Massechusette and Connesticut, and that slavery in the South- ern States existed in the mildest or least objection- able of forms. He also admitted the extraordinary multiplication of slaves among us, as mentioned by f, but infimated that it was probably an case to that of the J and designed for the eame purpose and to (a futore exodus), as the multi; pe under = — =< ice jaskmasters. e also fran tistical fact, highly im a, a SR viz., that the entire number of Africans imported into the British colonies—afterwards the Uni- ted States of America—from the origin of the slave trade to its prohibition and discontinuance in 1808, waa but 40,000, which had since, with a fe- eundity, equal, if not superior, to that of the Jews, been multiplied into 4,000,000.* This fact. for [have been told, since my manuscript was written and in the bands of ‘the printer, that either Mr, Parker hed male a mistake here, or I'bad misunderstood him fae Mathew Carey computed the number of imported 876,000, sis ves into the United States at |, or therenvouts, h ship, in rom slave trade in 1808, the ‘ed into the United States that period anti whore number Ald pot exceed a first cargo sent over, OL were consign’ h 8.88 to Rhode 1 to Frereh subjects, and 12 t f Charleston, We thus fod that the Africans in the Tematl tamper, have increased to A908 S08 re lo gp ramet eanrty ® oF 10 40 4) While a sig British West Indies there are not two