Evening Star Newspaper, October 31, 1937, Page 35

Editorial Page Special Articles EDITORIAL SECTION he Swunday St Part 2—10 Pages ISOLATION END SPEECHES SEEN FORCE PREPARATION Roosevelt and Hull Also Believed Aim- ing to Bolster Democratic Against Authoritarian Nations. BY CONSTANTINE BROWN. ROM the rostrum of the Toronto University Auditorium Cor- | dell Hull, America’s No. 2 man, informed the world in general and the American people in particular that our isolationist policy has come to an end. In a less spectacular manner than his chief the Secretary of State joined his voice with that of Mr. Roosevelt in sounding the death knell of our isolationism. Quietly and shrouded with much philosophical considera- tion, Mr. Hull told us that our in- difference to the political problems of the world must be abandoned be- canse “in the end an inexorable price must be paid for such isolation, and directly or indirectly always paid by the individual.” The speeches made by Mr. Roose- welt in Chicago on October 5 and by the Secretary of State on October 22 have a twofold purpose: 1. To prepare the American public for the day when this country may consider itself bound to take a hand in world affairs and answer lawless- ness by force, and 2. To bolster the morale of the cowed democratic nations struggle against the predatory policies of the authoritarian states. The world powers are divided into two groups: First, the birds of prey— Germany, Italy and Japan. They are and desperate, flying high' to try by sudden and powerful attacks to take whatever force can give them. In previous years they were known in the diplomatic world as the “have nots.” The other powe Great Britain and their satellites— are, for the time being. too indolent to "offer effective resistance to the aggressiveness of the others. They are satisfied with speeches and aca- demic compromises which serve only that price is | in their | —France, | has become a problem for the Reich. These 3.300,000 Germans, who live within the confines of the Czecho- slovak republic, have been vociferous ever since Hitler came to power. They demand complete autonomy and a new constitution for that Central European republic based on the Swiss cantonal system. This the Czech government refused. * The former physical instructor, Hen- lein, who leads the German minorities, is making frequent visits to Berlin and Berchtesgaden. It is no longer kept secret that he takes his orders from | Hitler and the other members of the ; German government. Upon his return from Germany recently a political meeting was called. The Czechoslo- vak government forbade that gather- ing, but it took place just the same, and there was a brawl between the Germans and the Czech police—one of those minor incidents which in ordi- nary times have no importance. Protest in Berlin. But the German press, following the instructions of the government, began pounding their eastern neighbor. The whole question of the ill treatment of the German minorities became for several days front-page news. The Minister of Czechoslovakia in Berlin lodged an emphatic protest with Baron von Neurath, Hitler's foreign secre- tary. Instead of an apology he re- ceived a lecture and a warning. He was told that the policy of his gov- ernment was intolerable and that so long as the question of the German minorities did not receive a satisfac- tory solution—an autonomy based on | a cantobnal constitution—the relation- ship between the people of the Reich and those of Czechoslovakia would re- main strained. Neurath, it is reported, was careful enough not to say that the relations between the two govern- ments will be unpleasant. He placed WASHINGTON, D. The $ COL. LEROY HODGES, Director Old-Age Benefits. HE first effort toward a thore ough appraisal of tne Social Security Act since passage ; | more than two years ago will | be made here this weck at the initial | | meeting of the Advisory Council on | | | Social Security | Created last spring by the Senate | Finance Committee and the Social Se- | | curity Board as the result of criti- | cism of the old-age benefit set-up in | | the act by Senator Vandenberg. Re- | publican, of Michigan, the council, | | composed of representatives of em- | plcyer, employe and public, will center to increase the cupidity of the “have | the whole thing on the basis of the | ;iiention on that phase of the welfare nots” and make them more daring. Lawlessness Held Contagious. For the present the administration | in Washington does not bother to go into the merits and the demerits of the claims of the “have nots.” These, the President and his Secretary of State think, are matters which ought to be discussed later around the green table—after these powers have abandoned their aggressive policies. | overwhelming feeling of the German | people. There are many indications that something” may happen in Czecho- slovakia. Henlein is deploring the {lack of understanding on the part of the Prague rulers. He is warning them that, while he desires a peace- ful solution of the problem, the younger men are losing patience and may com- pel him to take more drastic measures. Foreign diplomats in Berlin are told program in a two-day session starting | Priday. The council, however, was | designed to be the source of recom- mendations for any changes in the | law which experience may be held to iha\'e justified, so it is possible for its | entire scope to be brought under re- | view. Reserves Center of Controversy. At the outset the conferees will be | confronted with an issue that has be- The only thing which concerns Wash- | that the Reich does not seek a conflict | COme a major controversy, namely, ington at this time is that all the with the Central European republic. |t nations should regulate their inter-| But they are given to understand that, | course on the basis of existing treaties and international code the aggressiveness of Tokio, Berlin and Rome, nor the speechmaking of | London and Paris is likely to bring about such a change. Lawlessness, | said Mr. Hull, is contagious, and no| nation is safe so long as the jungle | law governs international relations. | For once the’ State Department has taken the agreement of the Non-Inter- vention Committee at its true value. It was an empty victory for the French and British diplomats when Mussolini, at Hitler's bidding, agreed to with- draw his volunteers. He has sur-| rounded his agreement with so manyi “ifs” and “whens” that the promise means nothing. It is expected, of| course, that he will recall the bulk | of the 100,000-odd Black Shirts who ar(‘“ fighting under Gen. Franco’s banners | after the latter has swept the country | and established himself as the un- challenged ruler of Spain. This is the long and the short of Mussolini’s *capitulation” in London. But darker clouds are now gather- ing elsewhere in Europe. Of the three Balearic Islands which form that stra- tegic Mediterranean base, Majorca and | Iviza are Italian air and naval bases. They are in the hands of the Nation- alists, and the Italians have estab- lished themselves there as honored guests of Gen. Franco. Minorca Worries France, Britain. Minorce is still held by the Valencia government. Several weeks ago an | expeditionary corps of some 12,000 Blackshirts was being formed in Italy | to visit that island, under Franco's flag, and put an end to “Communist” “rule there. These men have been sent to Libya, however, but the French and | the British governments are by no means certain that another force will | not be assembled for Minorca in the near future. Despite Prime Minister Chamberlain’s official statement in the House of Commons that his majesty's government accepted with- out hesitation Il Duce’s assurances that he does not desire to dominate the Mediterranean, the foreign office, and especially the Quai d'Orsay, are greatly worried over the possibility of | Minorca's becoming a Nationalist stronghold. The Balearic Islands are just half way between the French mainland and North Africa and their strategic value is well recognized. A potentional enemy-force, based on Majorca and Iviza, could be neutral- ized from Minorca. But if all three islands were in the hands of that po- tential enemy, France would be at the mercy of the power which holds that group. And there are growing indi- cations that Mussolini intends to achieve his major purposes on the Spanish mainland. < An important Italian force is at present being concentrated in Libya, where Italy's air hero, Air Marshal Italo Balbo, is in command. The concentration system adopted by Il Duce in Libya reminds the European | powers of the Ethiopian incursion. Troops are being dispatched there in small batches of two or three thou- sand at a time. Large quantities of arms, ammunition and other war ma~- terial leave Italian ports every week. Purposes Are Hidden. Mussolini is preparing his forces in such a way that nobody knows what he has in mind. From his African colony he could strike either against the French protectorate of Tunis or further south toward Lake Tchad, an important center for the French. And Paris believes he will strike if the French government dares to oppose his plans by other methods than flamboyant speeches. While these affairs are developing in the Mediterranean basin, Hitler is about ready to play a solo role in Cen- tral Europe. Czechoslovakia has been the target of sporadic German press should the Sudeten Deutschen come rebellion against their oppressors, it will be difficult to say what may happen. Force Expected From Prague. There is no doubt, says Berlin, that the Prague government will use force to quell an uprising. There is also no doubt, it is added, that the Germans in Bavaria will not allow their breth- ren to be slaughtered by the Czecho- slovaks. And, while the German gov- ernment may for a while adopt an official neutral attitude—such as the Italians and the Germans have adopt- ed in Spain—it won't be able to keep the Bavarians from rushing to the rescue of the Germans in Czechoslo- vakia. And in a short time Central Europe might become the center of disturbance of Europe—much more dangerous than Spain. All these things may happen while nine principal world powers, and maybe more, will be gathered at Brus- sels. There they will discuss not only the practical subject of China’s terri- torial integrity, but the whole question of the sanctity of treaties. It is because the administration in Washington wants to prepare the ground for a successful ending of that conference and hopes to put an end to international jungle law that both Mr. Roosevelt and Mr. Hull have broad- cast to the world that America’s iso- lationism is a thing of the past. In doing so they are moved, not by any sentimental considerations, but by the belief that the interests of the Amer- jcan people demand it. (Copyright, 1937.) Employers Ordered To Hire Rumanians BUCHAREST (#).—Valer Pop, min- ister of industry and commerce, has decreed that industries revamp their staffs so that not less than 50 per cent of their employes are of the “Ru- manian race.” The decree, if enforced, was expected to make jobless many members of Hugarian and Bulgarian minorities. Sussex Oil Drilling Finally Abandoned HELLINGLY, England (#)—Drill- ing for oil in Sussex has been aban- doned. When no commercial deposits were found at a depth of 3,500 feet, the machinery was taken to Scotland for further operations. he cash reserves being built up for ld-age benefit payments. It was this item which drew the fire of Senator And neither | to the end of their rope and start a | Vandenberg, and there has been a mounting volume of criticism from | other sources, particularly business. Looking to the day when-—by mathe- | matical certainty— these reserves will | amount to billions of dollars, critics | who otherwise are wholly in accord | | with the law and its purposes declare the creation of such a huge fund is both unwise and unnecessary, stress the possibility of political pressure per- verting its uses, and argue for substi- tution of a pay-as-you-go basis for | the benefits. In support of the contention as to likelihood of diversion, it is pointed | | out that right now the monthly old-age | benefit taxes levied on employers and | employes are financing the Govern- | ment and are represented in the Treas- | ury only by I. O. U.'s in the form of 3 per cent notes and that the same {use is being made of the trust fund | set up by State tax collections for un- { employment compensation, with the | notes in this instance calling for 2%z per cent interest. Actuarial Soundness Stressed. The administration, however, stead- fastly has stuck to the reserve prin- ciple, declaring it a prerequisite to ac- tuarial soundness, which, it is insisted, is just as necessary for a Federal as for a private pension plan. Tied in with the reserve issue will be a proposal to increase less rapidly the tax creating this fund. At pres- ent-the levy, which started January 1 last, is 1 per cent each on employe wage and employer pay roll, up to $3,000 for each individual worker. The rate is to increase one-half of 1 per cent every three years until. in 1949, the maximum of 3 per cent from each source is reached. Other Issues. Other points to be discussed in- clude the advisability of— Commencing ' monthly payments prior to the present effective date of January 1, 1942. Extending benefits to persons be- coming incapacitated before reach- ing the minimum beneficiary age of 65. Extending benefits to survivors of those persons entitled to benefits. Covering classes now excluded from benefits, which take in agriculture and domestic labor; employes of Federal, State and municipal governments; seamen, and employes of organiza- tions not formed for profit. Increasing monthly benefit pay- ments to those retiring in the early years in which the plan is operative. The theory behind the controver- sial reserve was to set up a fund whose c., By J. A. FOX. 12 JOHN P. FREY, Labor. Members of Social Security Advisory Council. interest eventually will carry approxi- mately 40 per cent of the estimated pension load being passed on to the next generation. To do this it is nec- essary for gome time that the tax receipts exceed benefit payments and administrative expenses, and the law SUNDAY MORNING, OCTOBER 31, 1937, 47,000,000,000 ‘Reserve’ . Advisory Council to Take Up Arguments for Pay-as-You-Go S ocial Security Plan. Part Two C PEACE OUTLOOK HELD DI IN C.1.O. AND AF.L. DISPUTE Conditions for Proposed Reconciliation Seen Imposing Almost Impossible’ Demands on By JOHN C. HENRY. HE dove of peace was grounded today dangerously close 0 snipers on both sides of labor’s civil war. If it lasts that long, the weak-winged bird may flutter its way into the air again on November 4, but betting to that effect is not heavy. Bluntly, prospects of reconciliation between the American Federation of Labor and the Committee for Indus- trial Organization were ominously dark after three days of stilted nego- tiation between special committees of each group. On Thursday the con- ferees plan further meetings, but only a change in tactics by one or both can lead to any real progress toward the settlement of differences. Briefly, in the low-boiling-point ne- gotiations of last Tuesday and Wed- nesday, the C. I. O. proposed that the A. F. of L. turn over virtual con- trol of the labor movement as well as promise to stay out of the most fertile fields for extension of the movement. | With even less regard for the practi- | calities of a situation, the A. F. of L. countered by proposing that the cal- endar be turned back two years, that | the status quo of that date be re- stored gnd that everything that has happened in the interim be cata-| logued as “ain’t 50." Both positions apparently are maxi- | mum demands, from which there | might reasonably be expected certain HENRY BRUERE, Public. provides that this excess must be in- vested to produce interest of at least 3 per cent annually, either in direct | obligations of the United States or fully guaranteed by the United States. | By this plan, according to the es- | timates of the Senate Finance Com- 'CENTRAL AMERICA GIVES| PROOF OF PEACE INTENT 'Methods of Mediation and Arbitration Have Reached Un in Western World. By GASTON NERVAL. N ACCEPTING the mediation of the United States, Costa Rica and Venezuela in their long-standing territorial dispute, the Central American republics of Honduras and Nicaragua have given one more proof | of the ascendancy of peaceful diplo- matic methods in the Western Hemi- sphere. 1t was not long ago that the ar- bitral award of Chief Justice Hughes ended the boundary controversy be- tween Honduras and another of her neighbors, Guatemala, and only two years ago Bolivia and Paraguay sub- | mitted their Chaco dispute to the mediation of six American Govern- | ments and eventual arbitration by the Court of International Justice at The Hague. Two other Southern republics, Peru and Ecuador, have also agreed to submit their territorial differences to arbitration by the President of the United States. In spite of temporary setbacks and | isolated instances of uncontrolled na- tionalism which have interrupted the peace of the New World at long inter- vals, it must be admitted that nowhere on earth has there been a more con- stant or sincere advocacy of the methods of mediation and arbitration for the solution of international con- troversies. Pioneering Began in 1826. It is not necessary to mention the pioneering attempts made at the Bo- livarian Congress of 1826 at Panama or those of 1848, 1861, 1864, 1883, etc., | in which only some of the American nations participated. When the first Pan-American Con- ference, however, gathered at Wash- paralleled Heights ington in 1889 its outstanding result | was the adoption of a resolution pro- | claiming arbitration as “a principle of American international law.” Medi- ation and arbitration were to be obliga- | tory in all disputes over diplomatic | | and consular immunities, boundary | lines, ihdemnities, freedom of naviga- | tion, interpretation and execution of | | treaties and all other controversies not | affecting the independence of one of the parties. | Ever since that time all the suc- | ceeding Pan-American Conferences | | and all the American Government, in- | dividually, have reiterated their sup- | port of mediation and arbitration, the only difficulty being in gradually over- coming their own exceptions and reser- vations, . making the principle ever more comprehensive and less restrict- ed. The Mexico City Conference in | 1902 adopted mediation and arbitra- “tion for all disputes except those af- fecting the independence or the na-| tional honor of the parties, but it spe- cifically provided that neither inde-| pendence nor national honor would be | considered to be involved in differences | over boupdaries, diplomatic privileges, | rights of navigation or interpretation of treaties. World Parley Recommended. The Rio de Janeiro conference in 1906 ratified adhesion to arbitral pro- cedure and recommended a world con- vention to that effect be prepared by the World Peace Conference, which was to meet the following year at The Hague. The Buenos Aires conference in 1910 formally extended the principle of arbitration to the settlement of all E. R. STETTINIUS, Jr., Employers. mittee, the reserve in 1980 will ap- proximate $47,000,000,000, and right there the dispute starts. Opponents point out that a reserve of this -size would top by about $10.000,000.000 the present public debt, and that the program would seem to indicate the eventual transfer to the old-age reserve account of the entire Federal debt and then further in- vestment in some as yet undesignated securities. This, it is maintained, not only would not allow retirement of the public debt, but actually would have | a tendency to increase it. It raises| | the further question as to what di- | rection banks and other institutions | would have to look to replace in their | portfolios the Federal securities upon | which they have depended for pur-| poses of liquidity. The Committee on Economic Se- curity which aided in drafting the Social Security Act, and some of whose members are in the Advisory Council, recognized the “practical po- litical hazards” of the reserve plan, and recommended a current cost sys- tem, in which outgo would be bal- anced by taxes, backed by a reserve of about $15,000,000,000. Some thought even this figure would be too high, but the whole idea was scrapped when Secretary of the Treasury Mor- genthau insisted on the mounting reserve principle. Likened to U. S. Retirement Fund. Pertinent criticism of the reserve has come from the Chamber of Com- merce of the United States, which recalls the treatment accorded the retirement fund for Federal employes, and looks to see the old-age benefits money handled the same way, inas- much as the tax collections do not go directly to an earmarked fund, but into the general revenues of the Gov- ernment from which they later must be appropriated by Congress. “Should the requirements remain unchanged,” & special committee from the Chamber said, “either one of two contingencies probably would occur. Notwithstanding tax collec- tions through contributions for many years after the inception of the plan in amounts greatly exceeding current benefit disbursements, Oongress may not make annual appropriations to the reserve fund in the amounts re- quired by actuarial computations. This would mean in effect that sub- stantial amounts collected in special taxes on employers and employes (See NERVAL, Page C-3) = MUSSOLIN| SUGGESTS THAT HITLER BE GNEN A attacks for the last 18 months. The question of the Sudeten Deutschen A2 PLACE IN THE AFRICAN SUN BY RESTORING GERMAN COLONIES. FRANCE SEES HER LINES OF CqLONiAL CONTACT THREATENED BY ITALY'S ACTIVITIES IN THE BALEARIC ISLANDS oA SINEORN ONES OUTLOOK AND IMPROVE ONES COM- PLEXION NO END/ ~“RUSSIA SE! NTION DS QUIVERS THROUGH TONDON'S NON-INTER- M o SPAIN.. HEO BT SR P R BRRY 4 (See FOX, Page C-3.) Cartoon Sufnmary of the Week's News in Foreign Affairs THESE SUN BATHS BROADEN concessions. Through their bare presentation, however, the C. I O.| conferees seem to have achieved a | strategical advantage, mostly psycho- logical in effect. The A. F. L's State of Mind. The achievement of this advantage can be traced to a state of mind in| the A. F. of L.—evidently the state; which led them to suggest negotiating on a 1985 basis rather than the basis of 1937—namely, a refusal to acknowl- edge that they are dealing with a foe | of equal strength. From that November day in 1935 | when John L. Lewis and a small group of determined associates cre- | ated the C. I. O. certain powerful | individuals remaining in the councils of leadership of the A. F. of L. have | steadfastly refused, publicly at least, | to admit that the Lewis faction was | one of increasing powerr. Day by day they have predicted its collapse | and disintegration. And when the C. I O. initiated | movements for peace by their tele-| graphed proposal from Atlantic City to Denver some two weeks ago, theSe same individuals merely started to “count their winnings.”” Through | succeeding days their attitude seemed justified, as the C. I. O. receded first from its proposal for “100 champions” of peace and then consented to con- duct final negotiations with the three-man Federation committee which they had been spurning for two years. On Tuesday morning, after a pre-| liminary day in which the A. F. of L.| won the point last mentioned above. spokesmen for the Federation showed up in confident mood, but it was at this point that the C. I. O. launched its counter attack in the form of its proposal, released to the press as the morning conference opened, that industrial unionism principles | only be applied to the Nation's great | basic industries, that the C. I. O. be- 1 come an autonomous department | within the A. F. of L, and that ex- clusive jurisdiction in these major in- | dustries be assigned to the new de- partment. In addition they demand- ed a joint convention, in which they would apparently be the majority faction, to ratify the agreement. The reaction was obvious and not an imaginary thing. Green Declines Comment. The Federation negotiators emerged gruffiy, Chairman George M. Harri- son snapped angrily when told of a “wise crack” by a member of the C. I. O. committee, and the trio re- tired into gomplete seclusion until the following morning. At the offices of the Federation President William Green declined comment, and an equal amount of grimness was ap- parent in other offices. This, then, was the strategical ad- vantage achieved by the C. I. O. ne- gotiators—they had made the opposi- tion angry. On Wednesday morning the A. F. of L. made its counter proposition that the original C. I. O. unions be restored to memership in good stand- ing in the Federation—under their same charters, which in some cases were definitely restrictive—and that all the organization progress made by the C. I. O. in the past two years then be subject to a series of con- ferences, which would ultimately be settled at the next convention of the Federation. Even before deliberations. of the morning had ended, and soon enough for the early afternoon papers, the C. 1. O. committee publicly an- nounced its rejection of the entire Each Other. proposition as suggestive of desertionm, betrayal and abject surrender. Again the Federation group was angered by the tactics of the rival negotiators. Asking that the confer- ence be recessed until next Thurse day, Harrison's committee spent an- other afternoon in seclusion and is- sued a statement that night in which it expressed the opinion that “the C. 1. O. has little, if any, dues-paying membership other than the members of the organizations that originally belonged to the American Federation of Labor.” For answer the C. I. O. officials pointed to 30,000 working contracts in operation between C. I. O. unions and big and little parts of industry. Covered by these agreements, they continued, are 3,200,000 workers. In the cases of 2,100,000 workers the C. I. O. union is recognized by em- ployers as the sole bargaining agency. C. I. 0. Has Money, Is Claim. “No organizing campaign ever is self-supporting,” one C. I. O. official | admitted yesterday in discussing the finances of the Lewis group. “But we have had sufficient money to run this movement into one of 4,000,000 peo- | ple, and the older unions are not only willing to spend more if they have to, but younger ones, like the auto- mobile workers, are reaching a point where the: help others as well as themselves.” The auto union re- ported payments of $62,000 to the C. I O. between June and October on a per capita basis Obviously bo! ides are emphasiz- ing their strong points rather than their weak ones, but the apparent unwillingness of the A. F. of L. to admit the strength of a movement which alre: has been recognized by employ in 30,000 instances seems to weaken their own cause rather than that of the C. I. O. Possibly too much emphasis is be- ing placed on the frame of mind of the rival conferees. Assuming that both sides have been sincere in their desire for reconciliation, the extent of their willingness to conciliate might be measured as follows: The C. I O, impatient at failure of the Federation to apply industrial unionism principles and angry at the suspension action of the Executive Council, refused for two years to deal with a three-man peace committee. Two weeks ago they offered to ne- gotiate. through large committees, then through committees of 10 and finally with the original Federation trio. As a basis for unity they offered to let the labor movement continue un- der the name of American Federation of Labor, but they demanded that their theory exclusively be applied to the organization of workers in the Nation's great industries, and that control of such organizing be re- tained in the present C. I. O. lead- ership. They demanded an autono- my, also, which would extend to political policies in which the C. I. O. is committed to direct participation, hile the A. F. of L. traditionally is committed to non-partisan and in- direct participation. Policies Repugnant to A. F. L. Presumably such autonomy would allow them to perpetuate certain other policies repugnant to the A. F. of L., such as application of the sit-down strike and enrollment of Communists. They then proposed a joint con- vention, at which they presumably would have control on the basis of their claims to membership majority, 3,700,000 as compared to 3,200,000. It is not difficult to understand the unwillingness of the Federation negotiators to agree to such terms. Boiled down, the A. F. of L. coun- ter proposal would mean either an immediate surrender to dozens of craft unions of thousands of mem- bers, swept into both the old and the new industrial unions, or protract- ed jurisdictional disputes which would be settled at a convention in which the present A. F. of L. would be as- sured of a majority. Against their expressed willingness to conduct an aggressive organizing campaign on both craft and induse trial lines during the coming 12 months must be measured their fail- ure to penetrate the basic industries in the years while Lewis and his ine dustrial-union-minded associates fret- ted and stormed. In short, they made an offer as plainly unacceptable as that of the C.I1oO. Since conferences adjourned last Wednesday intimations have come from both sides that they had made final offers, that they are not hope- ful of success. Both, however, have pledged that their committees will be on hand next Thursday morning, and many of the “civilians” who have found themselves endangered by the rival barrages are hoping that a per- manent “cease firing” order will re- sult eventually. Lines of “Recessional” Sacrificed for Peace BROADSTAIRS, Kent, England () —Lines from Kipling’s ‘“Reces- sional” are to be erased from a Lusi- tania raft on Broadstairs pier. The phrase “lest we forget” has offended | foreign visitors ana Sscwntly a man was fined for defacing them with paint. “If this (erasing the lines) will take us one tiny little step towards peace, friendship and good-will, we should do it,” the Town Council stated. Dean Launches War On Wedding Confetti BOCKING, Essex, England (#)— The dean of Bocking, the Rev. Edgar Rogers, is waging war against con= fetti at weddings. : “Before a wedding a deposit of 5 shillings must be paid,” he said. “If no confetti is thrown the deposit will be returned; if confetti is thrown, then so much of the deposit will be used as will pay for the tidying of the church yard. “Usually & pack of empty-headed girls, who are not even guests, cause this wasteful ltter, It must be | stopped. 4