Evening Star Newspaper, October 9, 1937, Page 9

Stand on War in Process Some Time A than faintly discernible. In fact, his voice i sald to hav contingent of Marines to China. aware of America’s, the world's, David Lawrence, President’s Speech Known to Geneva Be- fore It Was Delivered. RY DAVID LAWRENCE. L1, =orts of questions are being asked from various parts of the country as to whether President Roosevelt’s policy means an economic boyeott or at least an end of our formal neutrality as be- tween Japan and China. There are | other inquiries, ton, As to whether Mr. Roosevelt suddenly embarked on the new phase of foreign policy and whether, for instance, he did it to get the Black episode off the front pages | ©f public attention. The answer to most of these ques- tions is that the policy has been in | process of evolution for several weeks and that it. came to & head last Mon- day with the Chi- cagn speech of $ Mr. Roosevelt be- 3 cause it was im- perative that America declare herself on the eve of the Geneva meeting of the League of Na- : tions. Tt ought not to be overlooked that the President’s speech was known to the Geneva people before it was delivered. Clarence Streit, in & dispatch to the New York Times dated Tuesday of this | week, says “The committee acted more strongly than leading members expected even at noon today. The reason is Presi- dent Franklin D. Roosevelt. After the President'’s Chicago apeech be- rame known to the committee six hours in advance of the delivery, the Rritish. who had been balking at giv- fng China more than moral support, awung around and urged the insertion | of the two preceding recommendations | in the resolution.” Why did the Geneva officials see fhe President’s speech in advance? | For only one reason—io influence their action so that the League and | the United States might act in con- | eert. Undoubtedly the President’s &peech was carefully gone over at the Department of State and transmitted to the American Minister in Geneva for his information and doubtless with inatructions to tell the other delegates about it Of Utmost Significance. The incident is of the utmost sig- nificance because it tends to prove that Great Britain, whose policy it was to be aloof when Secretary Stim- | son tried to unite the world against Japanese policy in Manchukuo, pre- ferred to do the same thing again. The | United States, on the other hand. must have felt it important to put the issue squarely before the British govern- ment so that united or concerted ac- tion in branding Japan as the ag- gressor would be undertaken at Geneva and Washington simultaneously. The danger of isolated or unilateral action in matters of this kind is all ton obvious. With all the signatories of the nine-power treaty, however, apart from Japan and China, collab- orating on a pronouncement of policy, the united front presented to Tokio becomes of paramount importance. It ought not to be forgotten that the nine-power treaty was consummated in Washington in 1921-2, when the Anglo-Japanese offensive and defen- #ive alliance had created so much un- favorable comment not only in this country but in Australia and Canada. The making of the armament agree- ment and the nine-power treaty, in both of which Charles Evans Hughes participated as Secretary of State, was notice to the world that the Anglo- Japanese alliance had been dropped. If Great Britain were to have re- vived the spirit of her Anglo-Japanese alliance and to have refrained from Joining the United States in proclaim- | ing Japan the aggressor, the Tokio government would have felt that there ‘was no need to hesitate in carrying out her program in China. But with the British ranged alongside the United States, the face of events changes. The | Japanese have always given ground before an Anglo-American collabora- | tion. and Tokio's diplomacy recently has been aimed at keeping London and Washington from acting together in the Far East. i Mr. Roosevelt. knows all about the British defaction when Secretary Stimson tried almost. single-handed to Nip the Japanese aggression in the bud, | in Manchukuo. The United States Government felt it was opportune now to try again. No chances were taken. | The suggestion that the League wait for American action probably was made in Geneva. The United States | acted first and disposed of that argu- | ment. Merely for Record. i Unforfunately many persons on this ide of the Atlantic are 7r_v|nn' to read into Mr. Roosevelt’s policy a 'bellicose | note. They are saying his action in declaring Japan the aggressor will | Jead us ultimately into war. No such | purpose can be legitimately charged to | the President or Secretary Hull. Their | object is merely to place on record before the world the opinion of the American Government as to the merits | of the dispute and to pave the way for whatever concerted action may seem | desirable in the future. If boycott eomes it wil® come naturally as a Tesult of public discussions. Tt is the pacifist group which ought | to be applauding the President’s policy | instead of attacking it. Mr. Roose- velt is not threatening the use of @rmies or navies and Japan is much | * SAN ANTON; HOUSTON % | & large Washington delegation in at- is its significance. The rise of the Hornbeck star has meant, for the present at least, the eclipse of oth- ers. Especially the group which favors neutrality. . Reduced to the specific, this means: 1. A definite drag toward ac- tion. 2. A disposition toward recog- nition of a common interest with Great, Britain, A definite effort to atill the fears of those who are echoing the Ger- man warning that another Woodrow will lead us into war, is evident arou but persistent emphasis on the importance of America's “moral influence” in foreign affairs, rather than force or even economic pressure, is notice- able in parenthetical utterances. But that didn't stop the Anglophobes from shuddering when William Bullitt, Ambassador to France, one-time secret messenger for Woodrow Wilson and more recently for President Roosevelt, lunched with Secretary of the Treasury Morgenthau. They of Col. House pleading the allies’ cause in the willing ear of William Gibbs McAdoo, as he did just before America joined the war, * x President Roosevelt will never, of of the Black speech. subject. But if there were a White House comment, you can be safe in believing it would be like this: ‘What Mr. Black said was expected. What he didn't say was the big, and hardly pleasant, surprise, Mr. Thomas Corcoran, nimble. New Deal masterpieces. offered to his offer was politely ignored. One specific point he suggested was a good, hard wallop at the Klan and all it stood for, Another was a frank and more his own liberalism, as opposed 1o the And it was expected that the associate justice would at least say (in judicial language, of course : “Yes, 1 joined the Kian. S AND GENTLEMin QTHE BRAVE NEW WORLD But w government has spent time and money citizens appreciate the ideals of peopie across our border.” The time and money is going inta a remarkable series of broadeasts, arranged, written and produced bv the radio project of the office of sdu- cation of the Department of the Int Hornbeck, Adviser to Hull on Far East, Believes in Cracking Down on Japan. BY H. R. BAUKHAGE. MONG the whispers which echo discrestly through the gloomy cor- ridors of the State Department, the voice of Stanley Hornbeck, political, adviser to the Secretary on Far Eaatern affairs, is more It was his strong hand, according to those who ought. to know, which underline the more decisive utterances in America’s new and emphatic remarks concerning the aggressors againat world peace. He believes, 10 use a phrase hardly proper in describing the con- duct of a diplomat, in cracking down on Japan. . fnancial siake in the Orient. He was, it is hinted, leas surprised at the President's bare-handed grappling with the Sino-Japanese situation than some of his superiors when they first heard the Chicago spesch. All this may be evident to the close observer, None of his advisers will speak for him on the THE EVENING STAR, WASHI‘KGTON What’s Back of It All e counseled the aending of the last He is patiently Less evident to the eye Wilson has come to judgment, who nd the State Department. A gentle thought they could see the shadow * % course, publicly tell what he thought -fingered ghost writer of s0 many collaborate with Mr, Black. But specific exposition by Mr, Black of | Kian's policies, hen I found out what it stood for, I got out pronto. And I am cer- tainly sorry I was ever connected | with it.” * o ok X If the United States slighted | its Southern sister republics when it stretched out its arms to the rest of the peace-loving world, it | has more than made up for it. “Probably for the first time in history,” as Commissioner of Edu- cation Studebsker puts it, “‘one on a substantial effort to help its erior. They all deal with the Latin American countries, their history, their eulture, their public figures. The series is called the It begins November 1. * * Rabid neutrality backers and some others less neutral are offering the President a resounding backhanded compliment they say. was a masterpiece in statecraft. at the right moment to distract the record and the stock market's red ink. (Conyright, 1937 | too feeble economically to declare war | against the whole world because she | has been proclaimed an ugrrwr.{ The United States has the power to| mobilize moral forces and this means trade stagnation for Japan and trouble with her financial credits. It may well | be that the President knew Japan was | tiring of her fiasco in China and was looking for a graceful way out. What better way than for Japan to become involved in prolonged treaty negotia- | tions growing out of the nine-power | treaty. Certainly a suspension of hostilities in deference to a treaty | quest would be easier on Japan's public opinion than acceptance of any de- mands by China. The President ln: bound to be criticized for the implica- | | tions of his policy. but in the long run | it will be found that he has acted in | | the cause of peace and that if any- thing can turn the psychology of the | world away frem war toward peace it is the course he and Secretary Hull have outlined. (Coprright, 1937.) FRATERNITY MEETING Washingtonians Attend Phi Delta | Dalta Sessions in Philadelphia. The eleventh province convention of the Phi Delta Delta legal fraternity iz being held at the Warwick Hotel in Philadelphia today and tomorrow with tendance. The local alumnae group, according to Celia M. Brown, publicity chair- man, will also meet at the hotel today. It includes Miss Ina Russell, Mary Agnes Brown, Florence Curoe, Lucille Donovan, Louise Foster, Ella Higman, Grace Knoller, Dorothy Moncure, Alma Preinkert, Corinne Quarles and Faye Woodward. SORORITY I_N-STALLATION Sigma Phi Gamma International Sorority plans to install officers of a new District chapter tonight and | hold a Sunday morning breakfast at | 10 o'clock tomorrow in the:Willard | Hotel. The officers and members are: Flor- ence Tracey, president: Irene Corri- don, vice president: Ruth Killian, treasurer; Evelyn Adams, secretary: Gertrude Johnson, reporter; Dora Mouton, Fern Campbell, Sue Maher, Mary Bass, Margaret Willey, Edythe Reyneids, Mertie Hurst, Isobelle Jen- kins. “The Exporition is a glorions show, with both Dallas end Ft. Worth filled with dassling de- lights! 1f you caw’t get back, you can get that same bright holiday feeling thru a mew outfit from Kaufman's!” “No cash weeded. Pay in November, December and ’”l"’]" o D.J. KAUFMAN, . 'S OUTFITTERS—HEAD TO FOOT 1005 Pa. Ave 14th o nd Eye 1744 Pa. Ave by North American Newspaper Alliance. Tne) | School Building on the site of their Brave New World” and continues for 26 broadcasts. * % Hix speech in Chieago, For, they declare, it was offered public from the New Deal's Black NEW FRIENDS SCHOOL WORK TO START SOON Construction of Building Due to Begin Next Week—Plans for Hospital Progressing. Construction of a new Friends Summer school on Wisconsin avenue probably will siart next week, it was learned vesterdav. The achool is mov- ing from the 1800 biock of I street to make way for a new Doctors’ Hospital. | Doctors’ Hospital is taking over all | land between the two medical build- | ings on I street at Eighteenth and Nineteenth streets. It will be con structed to join the two medical | buildings. Plan for the hospital are progress- | | ing. it was learned. but further d | tails are to be worked out. Actual | excavation and construction will not start until next year. | The Friends 8chool Building may | be ready for occupaney in March. D. C. DEATHS DROP Despite an increase in the number | of deaths for the country as a whole | during the week ended October 2. the | District. of Columbia showed a sharp | reduction for the week, according to | A Census Bureau report. The local death toll dropped to 125 from & total of 158 during the pre- ceding week. The 158 figure was nor- mal, as compared with a three-year record for the same period. For the 86 major cities of the country, the | death toll increased from 7.697 to 7.861 for the weeks ended September 25 and October 2. | —————— e DESUNEING DUNRING NO. 3 BY WILKINS COFTRE & TEA “THE KIBITZER DUNK" You can’t blame the poor fellow—it's Wilkins Coffee! | tinguished from ‘‘resigned.” Congress, | of retirement, | “ahan | gory | the Senate passed while Mr. TH! opinions of the writers on this page are their own, not necessarily The Star’s. Such opinions are ‘presented in The Star’s eflort to give all sides of questions of interest to its readers, themselves and directly opposed although such opinions ma; be eontradictory amon, to The Star’s. : Mr. Black’s Questions Over Status, Likely to Be Thrown Out Now, May Be BY MARK SULLIVAN. HERE 1§ much misunderatand- ing of the questions relative to Justice Black's title to his Supreme Court seat, which have been laid before the court and which the court is expected to dispose of on Monday. These questions, raised by two lawyers acting of their own initiative as citizens, have noth- ing to do with Mr. Black's mem- bership in the " . g Klan. They have » 1 | nothing to do 1 with his fitness for the post. The questions relate 2 solely to whether 3 il | Justice Black is | ¢ o n stitutionally entitled to his seat. The ques- tion can best be made clear by re- 3 citing the events that gave rise to them. For many years, ever aince 1869, there has been a law providing that if a Supreme Court justice is more than 70 years old and has served 10 years, he can resign and receive full pay for life. Bear in mind that the word in this old law is “resign.” Under this law | the late Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes resigned in 1932 and for a time re- ceived full pay. which was $20,000 A year. In 1933, however, Congress passed the emergency “economy act,” which provided that no pension should | be more than $10,000 a year. Justice Holmes' pension was thereupon re- | duced. % ! It was felt that this condition was | unfortunate. It was felt that & jus- | tice should not be put in the posi- tion of resigning with the expectation | of receiving full pay and thereafter seeing a future Congress reduce the amount, or perhaps wipe it out. Con- gress set about writing & new statute which would make the pension of a resigned justice irrevocable. To accomplish this Congress in- vented A new category of justices designated ‘retired” justices. The word “retired” is important as dis- Mark Sullivan. | setting up a category of “retired” jus- tices, provided that after a justice is 70 and has served 10 years he may “retire” with full pay for life and not of resignation, it should be available for any duties he might be called on to perform by the chief justice, such as presiding over | freuits throughout the country. The urpose of giving justices the status of still having some | kind of connection with the ocourt, | was to bring them within that pro- vision of the Constitution which savs that the compensation of justicex not be reduced during their continuance in office.” The purpose | was to make it impossible for any future Congreas to reduce the pension | of & retired justice. Two Questions Raised. After this statute was passed, after Justice Van Devanter retired in ac- cordance with its provisions and after President Roosevelt sent the name of Senator Black to the Senate az ap- pointee to the vacancy—after that two questions were raised about Sen- ator Black's eligibility. One queation arose from the fact that Mr. Black had been a Senator. The question recites that Mr. Black was & member of the Senate at the time the Senate passed the measure setting up a cate- of retired justices and giving them full pay for life. This fact is alleged to bring Mr. Biack under that prohibition of the Constitution which Y8 that “no Senator shall * * * be appointed to any civil office * ¢ * which shall have been created or the emoluments whereof shall have been increased” while he was a Senator. This objection to Mr. Black's title 1o his seat as & justice would seem to have some validity. The act which Black | wat & member of it did “increase the emoluments” of justices of the Su- preme Court. It increased their emoluments by giving to them a privilege they had not had before. the privilege of retiring and being guaranteed full pay for life. The privi- lege had pecuniary value—there it money value in any right to receive stated amount. of money svery year until death. Any life insurance actu- ary familiar with annuities would be able to figure out the exact monay value for any justice of & given age. ‘The other question about Mr. Black’s title to his seat in part alleges that Congress has no right, to set up any such category as a “retired” jus- tice. It asserts that, by the provision of the Constitution, a justice must be either an active one in full exercise’ justice’s title to his seat cannot be | Kathryn M. Barrett Is Bequeathed | | In order to make clear that the status | | of the justice would be that of re- tirement | | was provided that the retired justice | ‘Eligibility Raised Later. of hiz office or else & completely re signed one. The question ssserts that there is not and eannot be any in- between status such as “retired.” This allegation is made forcefully by Sena- tor Borah, who knows the Conastitution well. It amounts to saying there is no vacancy on the Supreme Court, that Justice Van Devanter's leaving the court last May. as a “retired” jus- tice had no effect, that Mr. Van De- vanter continues to be a full justice until he either resigns or diex. Ne Precedent for Situation. These two questions are before the Supreme Court for action. It is pre- sumed the court will act on them on Monday. The common judgment of well-equipped lawyers is that the court will merely decline to entertain the questions. The lawyers say that while there is no precedent for this situa- tion, nevertheless a question of a aised by any ordinary citizen, as is here attempted. The lawyers say there is only one person who can raise 8 ‘“quo warranto” proceeding— meaning “by what right?"—against a Supreme Court justice, and this per- son i the Attorney General of the United States. ‘The lawyers say further, however, that while the questions about Justice Black will probably be thrown out of court at this time, nevertheless the questions can be raised later. The future circumstances under which the questions can be raised would be these: B It there is s litigant before -the Supreme Court, if the litigant loses his suit, it the decision against him is by a five-to-four vote of the court, and if Justice Black ia one of the five—in that situation, lawyers say, the defeated litigant ean raise the question whether Justice Black was properly & member of the eourt. If this eontention iz correct, and if one were looking for a smile— smiles are rare in this fleld—one might imagine Justice Black watch- ing his step, extremely eareful not to involve himself in any five-to-four | decision. (Copyrighi, 1937) ESTATE SHARE WILLED WASHINGTON WOMAN | Part of Residue of Holdings of New York Banker. Kathryn M. Barrett of Washington | receives personal effects valued at $425 and five-thirty-secondz of the residue of the $421.148 estate of Joseph Her- bert Carpenter, according to a dis- patch from New York City, where the will was filed yeaterday. Miss Barrett’s address was given as the Fairfax Hotel, but ahe s not known there, attendants said | Onrpenter, & former exacutive af the Seamen’s Bank for Savings. New York. died in June, 1936, at hix home in Ossining, N. Y. b What President Swapped a Newspaper Interview For His Clothes? D. C., SATURDAY, OCTOBER 9, 1937, We, the People Windsot’s “Exile” to U. S. May Focus American Eyes on Economic-Social Raw Spots. BY JAY FRANKLIN, NE of the chief duties of British royaity has been to patrol the economic and social trenches of this maladjusted era. These in- spection fours.always have been cnaracterized by the laying of corneratones, by walking through factories, by looking into humble homes, and by putting benign questions to individual workers. It was one of Edward VIII's chief offenses in the eye of the British politicians that he showed an ugly tendency to earry this duty too far, to demand that something should be done, to cultivate working-class support tor the erowR as an agency of gov- ernment apart from cabinet and parliament. This, quite as much as his marriage to the divorced wife of Edward 8impson, was what caused a breach in the British social structure. He paid for his romance and for his indiscreet euriosity in matters of social policy with his throne. For more than 10 months he hax been in exile. for the las three and a half months he has been on a honeymoon with his American-born bride, vibrating between Austria and France—the two countries he was per= mitted to visit without causing political complications. His position has been a curious one. He has been treated more as a ward of the British government than as a British subject. Not only has he not been allowed to return to England, but his choice of Joreign residence has been the subject of political decisions at London. The aituation has become increasingly embarrassing to all concerned. Extraordinary efforts have been made to popularize his brother and succes- sor, George VI. The present king is liked and trusted, but does not com- mand the generous affection which was freely given to “the Prince.” The Duke of Windsor has played the game in doing nothing which might detract from his brother's success, but the London government repeatedly has thwarted its own policy, by & series of petty snubs and interferences, such 2% the refusal to permit any member of Edward's family to attend his wed- ding or to visit him and the Duchess of Windsor. * % % % Now it seems the cabinet has taken the unicorn by the horn and is prepared to let Edward and his wife go far, far away—to the United States, ‘The great gush of sentimental sympathy evoked by his abdication in order to marry the woman he loves has subsided in the tabloid belt. The Wind- sors can come to the land of liberty without arousing a Lindbergh reception or becoming & political storm-center. In an oblique sort of way, American solidarity with the British Empire may be fostered by the friendly presence of their cast-off royalty, and in any event their American home will be 100 distant to permit members of his family to consider running over for a week end with “the man who let the Empire down.” It 1s about time Americans understood this is Edward’s real offense in British eyes. Behind all question of the matrimonial and political proprieties, the governing group in England and the Domin- ions feels Edward's recalcitrancy last year broke the social solidarity of the British Empire and depreciated the value of the crown as the symbol of social and political unity. They feel about him much as some Americans feel about Mr. Justice Black. They do not question his basic human right to strive for private happiness; they feel that certain types of private eonduct are tolerable only in a private citizen. The idea of a British King marrying a twice- divorced woman of foreign birth is as repugnant to them as is to many Americans the idea a former member of the Ku Klux Klan ean sit on the Supreme Court. So long as the present group retains control of England’s destiny, Edward will never be forgiven for what he did to make people see that the British crown is no more sacred than any other human institution. So they are letting the Windsors escape from their continental prison Peculiar irony attaches to the alleged reasons for their desire to visit our shores. The Duke is said 10 desire to inspect and studv American labor and housing conditions—he will take in those of Nazi Germany en route. S0 now we are to enjoy the privilege a0 long euirrent in the Empire of having royalty inspect our assembiyv-lines and investigate our industrial houging. The rotogravure-sections will have a holiday and the men on the - Jjob will be briefly interviewed and will be impressed by his “demo- cratic” manner. I think this i & pretty good jdea. Mrs. Roosevelt has been per- forming much the same service for us but has been doing the job so (¢ long and 8o well that her tours have lost some of their news value. If Edward can focus our attention on the conditions which make for insecurity, distreas and industrial strife in this country, by the simple process of leading the army of re- porters and cameramen from one sore point to the next. he will deserve well of he Republic and will be & valuable ax wall ax & welcome visior And as far as the British propaganda drive, with which this visit will undoubtadly be mezhad, we are probably strong enough o take it. (Coprrieht, 1937 1 / PoRw anp /‘/ / Dueinss p/ P ~ uUs WH||e John Quincy Adams shivered the Potomac, Anne Royall sat on his clothes and got her paper's story before the embarrassed Chief Executive was left to dress in privacy. WHAT KEEPS THE FLAVOR in | Jews have been able Headline Folk and What They Do Customer Right Idea Carried Into Trade by Selfridge. BY LEMUEL F. PARTON. H. Gordon Belfridge seems W in- dorse that oecasional maxim of husi- ness—“the customer s alwayz right " The Anglo-American merchant prince Iands in New York with a friendly word for all of the absolutist powers, including even Russia. They are, in- deed, British and American eustomers, and any realistic construction of his remarks puts him in accord with Secretary Hull, who ix for trade rather than war. And it happens that the democratic powers are the storekeep- ers, if anvbody wants to talk busi= ness, rather than just shoot it out Punch ribbed Mr. Seifridge with subtle and exquisite irony when he opened his London store in 1909. Tory England enjoved the clever spoofing Jokes about Seifridge were the hit of the salons and dinner companies. He fixed all that by hiring as director of his dress department Lady Affick. whose clever mots about the American invader had been wafted, on gales of laughter, all over London. In a niee, friendly way, he declared himself in, like & bright neweomer presenting hix church letter back in Ripon, Wis. mis home town. He took Lansdowne House, | ancient landmark of British tradi | tionalism, with its great art collection |and historic grounds. His #5-vear | lease served notice that he intended to stay a while. Adds $20,000.000 to Ktore. He also took London—like Dirk Whittington. His daughter. Violene, became Vicountess de Sibour. Six years ago, he tossed in an extra $20.- 000.000 to make hix store the larges: in the world. Urbane, parsonable, per- fectly tailored. with wavy gray hair and pince-nez, & merchandising | genius, he “won friends and influsnced people.” He applied last May for British eitizenship. Tt ix said he will | be made a baronet. But the English never know when they are jicked. Jusp a few weeks ago, a British paper wa: insisting that his store decorations for the eoronation were “terrible.” But it added hastily that he ought to be a baronet in spite of all that In Ripon, he swept out the Bee Hive | Store. He was an errand bov for | Marshall Pield & Co. in Chicago, 57 vears ago. and a partner when he quit, in 1904 He is mellow and genia % he returns to America. He thinks evervbody's doing all right. but gentl chides Germany. with a suggeation that it fell Into “great error in judgment ir relieving itseif of the contributions the 1o gtve ever: | country.” Copyrieht, 1937.) EXHIBIT TO CONTINUE Fxhibition of work by the George. town Saturday Marning Art Clazs for Children at the Georgetown Branch of the Public Library, Wisconain ave. nue and R atreet, will sontinne through October, it was announcec today The exhibit wontains sevipre | paintings and water aolors A seeend step in aging, making the taste perfeeting process meore eostly, is added to give the tiny bubble bady te Semate. These t bubbles are lenger releasing their bouquet than the large ones in heer. b So Senate ds its flaver bubble-locked—it's beer at its best! 2 \