Evening Star Newspaper, October 9, 1937, Page 8

A—8 With Sunday Morning Edition WREODORE W. NOYES, Editor . WASHINGTON, D. €: EARURDAY October 9, 1937 The FEvening Star Newspaper Company Main Office: 11th St. and Pennsivania Ave. New York Office: 110 East 42nd St. @hicago Ofce: North Michigan Ave. Dedivered by Carrier—City and Suburban Regular Edition Pvening and Sunday, 65¢ per mo. or 15¢ per week The Evening SBtar__ 45c per mo. or 10c per week Phe Bunday Star _.Bc per copy Night Final Edition Might Pinal and Sunday Star____70c per month Nght Final Star 55¢ per month Collecijon made at the end of each month or Sach week. Orders may be sent by mail or lele- Phone National 5000. Rate by Mail—Payable in Advance Mar nd Virginia Paiky and Sunday _ 1 yr, $10.00; 1 mo., R5¢ Datly only 1 mo., B0e Bunday only 1 mo., 40¢ nd Canada 1 yr, $12.00; 1 mo., $1.00 -1 yr, $8.00; 1 mo, 7be 1 yr. $5.00; 1 mo, BYe All Other States Bailr and Sunday Daily only @mday only __ Member of the Associated Press ‘The Associated Press is exclusively entitled to he nse for republication of all news dispatches erédited to i1 or not otherwise credited in this paper and aiso the local news published herein, All righis of publication of special dispatches hersin aiso are reserved. The Spanish Omelette. ‘Fo understand Mussolini’s defiance of 6reat Britain and France, in delaying & reply to their demand for withdrawal of Ttalian “volunteers” from Spain, Americans need to picture to them- kelves not only the peninsular civil war and the Mediterranean, but the Far Fast. Seldom in modern international history have there been so many wheels Within wheels. It probably will surprise Americans to learn that even the United States now figures in the Spanish omelette, Yet from the hour President Roosevelt at Chicago last Tuesday plunged head and foot into the world maelstrom, this country became a factor {n the plans of the Western European democracies to compel 11 Duce to bring home his blackshirt legions from Pranco's army. There are ominous indications that we have almost become & pawn. The chain of circumstances that pro- duce this phenomenon is of a sort to strengthen the administration’s un- doubted resolve not to be made any- body's catspaw in the eonflict. Although London and Paris are reputedly pressing Rome for an answer to the “ultimatum” submitted a week ago, Jatest British advices are that Downing Street is “si silent” on Musso- Jini's procrastination. His ‘authorita- tively indicated purpose is to reject the Anglo-French program (1) because Ger- many, Franco's other ally, was not in- vited to confer; (2) because ‘“partial discussions” can lead only to new com- plications, and (3) because the problem as a whole can be tackled by the futile London Non-Intervention Committee. The Chamberlain government’s disin- ¢lination to make any further move— at least openly—in the Spanish situa- tion is open to various interpretations. Britain for one thimg may be waiting for fast-moving Far Eastern events to develop. Meantime there seems to be #ome wishful thinking going on in Lon- don to the effect that “the United States i= increasingly taking over Britain's tra- ditional role as the holder of the inter- national balance of power, at least in the FEastern situation.” If any such xoul-satisfving emotions are stimulating John Bull, he has, in the Yankee ver- nacular, another guess coming. Uncle Sam s not taking on anybody’s role in “the Eastern situation,” or anywhere eise. British suggestions %o that end, #t may be remarked in passing, are defi- nitely designed to kill the goose that Javs the golden eggs of Rooseveltian willingness to join in & “concerted ef- fort” to preserve peace. The Chicago kpaech did not mean that the United States }s ready either to lead the in- ternational orchestra or even to play first violin. If our British cousins and French friends fancy they can con- centrate their attention and energies on Mussolini and Hitler, on Spain and the Mediterranean, in the calm confidence that America will look after Japan and the Far East, London and Paris states- men are courting disillusionment. Unquestionably the Fascist dictator- #hips, intent as ever on collecting divi- dends on their investment in Spain, figure that they can prolong their illicit military operations there and their de- fiance of Furopean democracies be- canse of the Sino-Japanese crisis. Mus- ®olini and Hitler may get away with it, &= they have on so many other occasions. ,But. whether they do or not is exclu- gively the business of Britain and France. A plea that they have their hands too full in Europe to worry about Asia, and that therefore the American fire department should take over the Jjob of extinguishing the Far Eastern blaze, is destined to strike the deafest ears on which a specious scheme ever fell. Washington's answer to any dodge ef that kind is “nothing doing.” ——— . Big conventions continue to be held without stopping for the finger printing which J. Edgar Hoover says might be belpful to the Government. ———. - “Redistribution.” There is A common theory to the effect that society as a whole can be benefited by the coercion of the strong in the in- terest of the weak. Presumably, the doc- trine has had the indorsement of millions, Yet it ‘may be wondered if it has been eritically examined, comprehended or understood. Few citzens are possessed of knowledge or experience equal to the task of thinking it through. But a fable from real life may help to {llustrate how the supposition works. Three men, brothers by birth, began their respective adult careers with ex- actly the same advantages. All had been provided with college educations, each had inherited an equal share of the parents’ estate, none suffered any dis- Sino-Japanese THE EVENING STAR, WASHINGTON, D. C, SATCRDA}', OCTOBER 9, 1937. THE E‘VEXING STAR | cernible handicap of faulty physical or | down well with those who, despite the mental health. The first became a physi- cian, the second a merchant and the third, having tried many different occu- pations without success, finally settled down to being systematically- unem= ployed. At the beginning of the de- pression, the doctor and the tradesman were solvent and the ne'er-do-well was living on the remnants of‘his patrimony. Within a few months after the crash, patients had ceased to be able to pay and customers to be able to buy. It was then that the prodigal brother appealed to the physician and the merchant for assistance. “I can't starve,” was his argu- ment.. The logic of his position was ad- | mitted without protest. A “redistribution of wealth” ensued. Now the doctor has lost his home and the tradesman his store. The only member of the trio whose condition has not altered is the loafer who never has justified his exist- ence by any useful labor. Of course, such a story would have little significance if it were unique. The sober truth, however, is that it can be duplicated in & multitude of instances. Literally thousands of families in the United States are suffering similar tragedies. The panic of 1930 and po- litical events accruing therefrom have reduced them to a least common denomi- nator of poverty. It is not too much to say that they have been leveled, social- ized, expropriated. A small minority of people is deluded enough to imagine that the result is desirable. But sooner or later & majority will realize the fallacy of that notion. The one-third of the population “ill-nourished, ill-fed and ill- housed” simply cannot be elevated to prosperity by punitive correction of the other two-thirds. o The—“’orsl Highway Peril. Bad motor driving and a grade cross- ing, each of which may be reckoned as an evil, combined yesterday at Gary, Indiana, to take seven lives. Two cars, driven at high speed to cross railroad tracks, collided on the crossing and an express train plunged into the wreckage. Three of the occupants of one of the cars leaped to safety in what is described as a split second after the first crash The grade crossing is never a surprise element in road use. Its location is always marked by signs—which are of little avail to the impetuous driver in many cases. Hence in most instances the presence of the crossing is known, alweays | to the habitual users of the road. And volunteer-withdrawal | in all but the rarest instances the vision of the drivers permits a view that re- veals the approach of a train. In this | Gary case both drivers, probably with knowledge that a train was nearing the intersection, took their chances on cross- ing ahead of it. In all likelihood both would have cleared safely but for their own collision. And that collision was probably due to their haste. The elimination of grade crossings proceeds so slowly in this country that at the present rate it will be many years before they are all gone, with the hizh- ways elevated or sunk. Despite the con- tinual demonstration of the peril to life that is afforded by these crashes, enough of the death traps remain to take a high toll of life. And while they remain the drivers of motor cars persist in taking chances. ’ The grade crossing must go! That cry has been sounding for decades. It will continue to be heard as these tragedies pccur from time to time. But the remedy for the evil will not be def- initely applied until an unrepealable pro- hibition of this deadly menace is enacted in every State, with only such time limit as may be required to permit recon- struction, whoever pays the bill. Meanwhile the motorists must con- tinue to bear the responsibility. They must observe warnings, must come to a full stop before advancing across tracks, must never seek to beat the train, must bear in mind that the train that is ap- _proaching has the right of way, and above all must remember that they are responsible for the lives of those whom they are carrying as passengers. Perhaps this shocking tragedy in Indiana will serve to speed the work of grade crossing elimination throughout the country. It certainly should cause the drivers of cars to exercise more care in approaching such places of danger. r———— There was once & successful farce called “The Rain Makers.” It depended on the theory that explosions would precipitate moisture. It was a hilarious idea, but may prove to be one of those idle thoughts that deserve to be taken seriously as aviation increases its in- cessant detonations. ———— Gold mines are again being discovered in nearby streams. They tell an in- teresting story. Some distinguished men believed in them, among them Arthur P. Gorman, who, however, never per- mitted the shine of new metal to eclipse the brilliancy of his natural eloquence. —er—s Hard Luck for Jimmie. One may well pity the plight of former Mayor Jimmie Walker of New York. He is certainly the hard luck star of the time. When he was bounced from the mayoralty a few years ago because he had been somewhat careless in his financial relationships, he took himself oft for Europe, where he remained for a time, doing nothing in particular and seemingly enjoying what is usually termed a well-earned rest. Some mohths ago he returned to his homeland and set up in business in Manhattan as a lawyer. There .were no outward evidences of prosperity, no lines of applicants for his pro- fessional services formed before his door. He was “just there” in the old town, waiting for Lady Luck to smile upon him. And at last she smiled. was given a job as assistant counsel to the Transit Commission at a salary of $12,000 & year, and with eligibility for an annual pension of from $12,000 -to $16,000, based upon his past services to the city. = This pension item caused & good deal of pother in the big town. It did not go A He' general lavishness of municipal spending, do not relish gratuities to those who have failed to keep their official robes clean of all spots. Well, the feeling on the score of the pension became so strong that not long ago the ex-mayor stated that he would renounce the pen- sion. And then, apparently just to make the matter certain, the Transit Com- mission’s appointment of “Jimmie” was canceled, which wiped out the pension possibility because of a certain time limit that would then operate. But imme- diately 'coupled with this cancellation was a second appointment to the office, which seemed to ensure the stipend of . thousand a month. Yet the former mayor’s difficulties were not ended. For on Friday a judge declared both the first and second appointments illegal because they Jhad not received the approval of the State civil service commission and of the chairman of the department of public service. Just a matter of some red. tape, it would seem, but enough to put the former mayor's financial pros- pects under a cloud. The matter is of course not ended. There are still some legal moves to be made, in behalf of the deserving former mayor, and he may eventually Jand his Job, and it may be that some day he will become eligible for a pension, upon which he can retire and enjoy life to the full. Meanwhile his former Governor, who ruled his ouster from office, might 1ake pity upon him and give him something comfortable in the way of a New Deal Job, just for old time's sake, i In his address, President Green of the A. F. of L. accuses present ambitions of splitting the trades union heritage left by Sam Gompers, who refused pay for phonograph records, some of which might be interesting in the present emergency. Newton Baker admired Gompers and might be able to bring some of them to attention, ————— The course of events may clarify the the utterances of a man who has as- sumed great responsibilities, but may have to wait until cities are destroyed | and populations are annihilated. In the meantime there will be wise words in various languages. S Jack Garner gets into his old clothes and goes roughing it where, thanks to photography, all the world may see. Mr. Garner has demonstrated that he knows the answers to a lot of questions, but he waits until they are propounded to him directly. ————— “There must be an abundance of food for the Nation at reasonable prices,” Says Mr. Roosevelt, who may yet be persuaded by some of his friends that it was a mistake to raise the price of pork by killing the pigs without sending them to the processing plants. — o B A popular emotional mandate is re- ferred to as asserting itself. The emotion is what too often may be depended on to contradict the mandate's element of cold reason. g Stars. R JOHNSON, Otherwise Engaged. “I haven't time for much complaint,” Said Hezekiah Bings, “Although I'm told that hope grows faint Concerning several things. There’s trouble in the atmosphere Across the ocean blue, But every breath I'm drawing here Brings Autumn’s thrill anew. “The earth is generous in its vield And does not bid me roam. There’s work to do in shop or field And happiness at home. Though friends a picture dark will paint Of life’s deep sorrowings, I haven't time for much complaint,” Said Hezekiah Bings. Adaptability. “Isn’t your manner of speech occa- sionally a little rough?” “It all depends on my audience.” said Senator Sorghum. *“In politics knowing when to seem rough is what shows you're A smooth article.” Jud Tunkins says you want to treat bovs politely these days. There is no telling which of them are going to grow up to be traffic cops. Peace and Fatigue. Some people and some nations, too, If history tells aright, A peaceful course will not pursue Till too played oyt to fight. Preparation. “What's that noise?" asked the stranger in Crimson Gulch, “The boys have assembled at the shootin’ gallery and are practicin’ for the next election.” “If you would really know what a man truly thinks,” said Hi Ho, the sage of Chinatown, “vou must cease to fiatter him and take the risk of making him angry.” The Way of the Transgressor. Johnny Blinn, With comic care, Bent a pin On Willie’s chair. Willie howled With pain severe. Teacher scowled And said, “Come here!” “Manners fair You plainly lack— Don't you dare To answer back.” He was whipped. And Johnny Blinn Grinned and -slipped * Another pin. “A friend.” said Uncle Eben, “is some- thin’ like & huntin’ dog. If he's easy lost, he ain't much to worry about.” b Middle-of-the-Road Course Is Urged for United States To the Bditor of The Star: The administration of Franklin D. Roosevelt has been marked by a long series of explosions. For the most part they have been carefully planned and well timed political bombs. But his Chicage speech reverberated around the world like a charge of TNT after an exhibition of fireworks. Washington's Farewell Address and Lincoln's speech at Gettysburg have lived long in his- tory, and were of tremendous importance to our own Nation, but Mr. Roosevelt’s Chicago speech may affect the future of every people on earth. But those of us who have complained at the “do nothing” policy of this coun- try in the face of the Spanish and Orien- tal crises may be more alarmed at this sudden reversal in attitude. We cannot Help but wonder when a Nation which has been too timid to invoke existing neutrality laws suddenly awakes and demands that aggressors be punished by & more rigid “quarantine.” No sane person would try to point out the exactly right course of action amid the chaotic world conditions of today. But it would certainly seem that a middle course is preferable to oscillation between the two extremes. The old passivism may be as dangerous in the long run as the new aggressiveness, but the latter course may mean actual war soon! $ ‘While the term “quarantine” implies economic rather than military action, there is no doubt but that Mr. Roose- velt recognizes the possibility of co-oper- ative military action if and when eco- nomic sanctions fail. How co-operation without military aid to the conflicting parties? If there is an answer to this question certainly it has never been offered in a practical form. The nearesi approach seems to have been reached two decades ago by Woodrow Wilson, who sought to estab- lish a perpetual international organiza- tiom to promote and sustain an endur- ing peace. Is America big enough to admit the mistakes of the past, and co- operate in the establishment of a peace that offers equal justice to all? That is the challenge of today! JESSE EDWARD AIKEN, -t 5 Mr. Brown Corrected As to Greek Incident To the Editor of The Star: I very much enjoy the articles of Mr, Brown in The Star, but it appears that Mr. Brown is confounding events, so, for the sake of exactness, I must make a correction. The $400000 gold francs which the Greek government paid over 50 vears ago was not for Jews, or anti-Semitism, but for a lot that an American mission- ary had in Athens. The government wanted to build a school in the seat, and the missionary wanted a few hundred dollars—claiming ownership. The gov- ernment ruled that the ground was a property of the Turkish government and as its legal successor was entitled to it. The missionary applied to the State De- partment. A warship was dispatched and the poverty-stricken Greek govern- ment had to pay the missionary $400,000 instead of the few hundred francs. But something parallel to what hap- pened to the British Minister in Nan- king in July did happen in Athens 50 ! years ago. A state trooper was in charge of a garden near Lickabetuis with orders to allow no one to enter. ordered him out, but the Ambassador pushed him away. The chunky Greek got hold of the Minister and both roiled in the mud and apparently the Minister got the worst of it. Well, as a conse- quence of this a throne was built for the Minister to seat. and while the Brit- ish hymn was plaved and the Union Jack in hand, paraded in front of the Minister as a sign of humiliation and respect for the ruler of the waves. The poor trooper lost his job in the army and later was taking care of the garden in the Athens University, Don't you think that those times are gone? FRANK BETTIUS. Fort Myer, Va. Appreciating the Beauty Of Virginia in October To the Editor of The Sta Visitors to the orchards of Virginia who travel miles each Spring to feast their eves on the fairyland of apple blossoms would do well to repeat their route during the month of October when the scene has magically shifted and the fruit hangs high, giving a festive Au- tumn landscape and the days are almost sure to be perfect—a tonic to those who love beauty in all its changes of raiment. One might even be tempted to linger under the old apple trees the wonderful days. Great men have sat thus and developed great thoughts. Sir TIsaac Newton would not have been known to posterity had not an apple hit him on the hesd. knocking into being the thought of why the apple came down instead of up—thus gravity was intro- duced. Going farther back in history of man, the tragedy of the Garden of Eden was based on the appeal of the red, red ap- ple—even when proffered by so detesti- ble a creature as a snake, Eve could not resist the apple. Though it has never seemed fair to me to pick so delectable a fruit for so villainous a part. No won- der the apple got sour and turned crab, requiring many generations of Burbanks to bring it back to its present loveliness and perfection. But that was in the days before spray- ing and the apple of today comes with- out pest or mark to mar its supreme beauty To one who has never seen the process of transfer from trees to freight car, it is quite interesting. A number of boys and girls are employed in stripping the trees and then the apples are carried to & packing house and spread on a table with a revolving top which rolls them under a set of cloth brushes on wheels— this wipes off the dust and poison sprays and each apple comes out looking rosier and happier for its dry cleaning. They then roll along over graders when each one falls gently into its own size opening onto a padded pathway and passes to its own destination or basket to he packed with fellows of like size and social standing—the biggest or grade A No. 1 or fancy, remaining in the top trough, strutting along in single file, looking very dignified and important, like people of superior rank. And then the lesser ones going their own way with plenty of company—and finally the com- mon herd, ugly and knotted—crowding and pushing along in & don't-care, ill- bred fashion, to be dumped into barrels and sold for a song. * But I wonder if they are not destined to give more pleasure in their common- place way than their Superiors. Can’t you just see & crowd of newsboys or or- phans rejoicing and gobbling them— not-critical of shape or size, while the fine aristocrats grace the board of the wealthy and rot, awaiting the jaded ap- petites of those who buy only the finest. L. L. MOSES, High Praise. From the Albuaueraue Journal, The price of pork has gone up so high that it's a big compliment to call any theatrical light a ham actor. A The British | Minister, a tree lover, drove by the gar- | den and proceeded to enter. The trooper | * THIS AND THAT BY CHARLES E. ‘They have taken him away, old Bozo Jack, the best dog in our block. 2 In a fit of canine exuberance, Jack knocked over several small children, and playfully held them down with his great paw, This was the first and only time he had ever done a trick of this sort, but it was too much, and his owner agreed to send him to the farm. Now he is gone, leaving only the mem- ory of one of the finest police dogs that ever lived. The.community likes to think of him as having a better time on the farm than in.the city, but those who liked him best will have their doubts. The city was meat to Jack. Few humans wended their way so un- cannily through modern traffic. It was nothing to see him miles away from home, great head up, ears erect, trotting along the sidewalk as if it had been made expressly for his benefit. * x x % The German shepherd, commonly called the police dog, is one breed which must have proper, prior training to be at its best, Jack had it. He was never known to hop up at you, to chase people, or bare his fangs, as many lesser dogs within and without the law. No one was afraid of Jaek. His one bad habit was chasing cars, a common canine failing. His long rangy body would dash after them, mouth open in his deep bass bark. Beagle hounds are supposed to have the most melodious voices among the dogs, but big Jack ran them a close second. He was a sensible barker, Jack; when he barked, he had something to bark about. How many dogs there are, large and small, which bark all the time, which never seem to learn friend from foe, which have nasty, irritating barks! Jack only gave a few deep bays, at any time, and then only when he thought his home was threatened. It was a real pleasure to hear that deep warning in the night. It gave a sense of security. Listeners knew it would not be re- peated to the point where one wished to throw things. *x ok X Sensible dogs, of course, never over-do anything. They soon learn friends from foes, mind their own business. show how well they have been brought up. At some time in his early career Jack had been taught what a whip means. Emphatically, he was not cowed. but the simple sight of a small switch was enough for him. He had been trained. in other words. Now there are few dogs which need real training more than a police dog. Trained, these great fellows are an asset. Untrained. they are simply liability. Their great muscles are much too pow- erful to be at the sole orders of their own minds; they need the overlordship of STARS, MEN TRACEWELL. some intelligent human who understands that, in modern communities, these dogs are happlest when properly controlled. % ok x Isn't i} always the way—the good are taken, the bad are left? Jack definitely belongs to the category of good dogs. We can, see him now, that tall, Jong, gray form, with those big ears standing straight up, galloping along after squir- rels. Of course, he never caught any, but he had a fine time at it. No doubt he is doing it down on the farm now, with as little success, but as much enjoyment as ever. Jack’s eyes are kind. There is a vast difference between these great fellows, and in no feature is it shown more than in the eye. A mean-eyed German shepherd—well, statistics of New York City, for instance, show that sugh dogs bite more people than any otht&rhreed. Fox terriers come next, chows third. Probably th& same proportion holds all over the cogntry, and if there: were any way of pas§ing the offenders fn re- view, it would | show that practically every one of them is a mean-eved dog. This is a curious deviation, for a nor- mal dog, in alhest any breed, has the most beautiful eyes in the world, not only physically, but lit with that inner light which means love of humanity, not Just the owner. The owner of any of the larger breeds 1s doing his dog a disservice by failing to train it properly, which, in the case of such great-muscled ones, means prompt obedience to the spoken command. There is no other way. * x x x Somewhere in Bowo Jack’s ancestry there was a bit of poor blood. for he did hot possess the great strength of chest which this breed ought to have. This made all the more remarkable his great and sonorous bark. He was weak, t00, in the hindquarters. He never seemed to fill out as he should. Despite these faults, he was a splen- did fellow. You forgot all when you looked into his fine eves, and noted the tilt of his high-held head. He was silver gray, with very little dark color on him. Always a friendly dog. at times he was very reserved, and would look at you for all the world as if thinking. “Now. let me see, I should know you. but really I can- not recollect the name.” * x x ¥ Jack's last round-up was Like all dogs. he loves to ride. He was induced into the car which was to carrv him away, and his mistress brought over his harness, collar and leash. his eating bowl and his blanket. Old Jack was happy for a ride, but he strained at the leash when the car start- ed to move. He knew something was up. pathetic. | And everybody in the block felt bad about it. We all hope he is happy where he is, and finds plenty of squirrels to chase. They took him away, good old Bozo Jack, the best dog in our block—and we hope they bring him back. AND ATOMS Notebook of Science Progress in Field, Laboratory and . Study. BY THOMAS R. HENRY. ‘What may have been a last pasture of | tNe giant dinosaurs, where the nightmare- like monsters of 150,000,000 vears ago found refuge for a few million yvears from extinction that was overtaking the race, was located this Summer by Dr. Charles W. Gilmore, Smithsonian Institution paleontologist. Dr. Gilmore found fossil bones of a | sauropod at the bottom of some deposits old. They belong to the Upper Cretaceous geological era, when true mammals were beginning to appear on earth and long after the supposed extinction of the largest of the great reptiles. Immediately above these beds were others belonging to the Paleocene geo- | logical era, about 70,000,000 vears ago, | always handicapped by the fact that they | never could get far away from the water. and were evolving in the direction of | This fossil bed was | when mammals had come into their own types common today. first located by geologists of the United States Geological Survey but was mis- takenly attributed to a much later period when the ancestors of the present mam- mals had come into existence. The finding of any sort of dinosaur | bones was sufficient to prove the beds of a much earlier age. But to find bones of the particular type dug out by Dr. Gilmore was even more remarkable than finding a living mastodon or sabre-tcoth tiger. g'l'he sauropods were the largest crea- tures the earth has known. They were herbage-eating dinosaurs—clumsy, almost brainless animals which flourished during the Jurassic geological period about 150.- 000,000 years ago. It was & time of warm climates and dense vegetation. The monsters had nothing to do but eat. For about 20,000,000 vears they were the dominant forms of life. no creatures of anything like comparable size to dispute their supremacy. Then, for some reason which never has been cleared up, they became extinct. There may have been a major climatic change to which the highly-specialized giants could not adapt themselves. Smaller and more alert dinosaurs lingered on for another ten million years —reptiles like the terrible triceratops adapted to pursue and capture living prey and provided with a modicum of brains to meet the emergencies which attended this kind of a life. They could not afford any surplus weight. Some of the sauropods probably weighed from 20 to 30 tons. Each of the leg bones of the animal obtainedssy Dr. Gilmore was seven feet long. Infaddition he obtained some ribs and pelvic bgnes and 40 feet of tail bone. These are ot enough with which to reconstruct the creature but they give a fair idea of what it was like in life. The same quarry yielded a skull and parts of skeletons of two of the later horned dinosaurs. The flesh-eaters and the giant herbage eaters must have been practically contemporaneous, probably within & million years or so. Dr. Gilmore also obtained there six skeletons of a small lizard—a creature about three feet long—which apparently was abundant in the cretaceous but which represents a type of ancient animal hitherto unknown to science. In the same quarry at & higher levél were picked up fossil bones of about 15 species of mammals—all tiny creatures belonging to the groups which immedi- ately preceeded the direct ancestors of most living mammal species. It is very seldom that mammal and dinosaur bones are found in the same formation. From Utah Mr. Gilmore went to some beds of the Triassic geological era near the Petrified Forest in Arizona. There he obtained for the National Museum collection fossil bones of reptiles’ known as phytosaurs which preceeded the true dinosaur type. The Triassic dates back approximately 170,000,000 years. They were much like crocodiles in appearance A ! with long beaks filled with teeth. They were not, however, in the ancestral lne of crocodiles. The reptiles were fust coming into their own at this period. The dominant creatures were giant amphibians, a race represented today by the toads and frogs. Some of these attained enormous size, although nothing comparable to that of | the great dinosaurs which followed them. in Western Utah about 80,000.000 years | Mr. Gilmore obtained twa skulls of these great amphibians, one more than two feet long. In the Triassic thev were approa(‘hl’ng the end of their dominion over the earth. They were the first dry land vertebrates, representing a lower stage of evolution than the reptiles. The amphibians were They had to combine, somewhat clumsily, the characters of both land and water animals. Twizzling a Twizzler With a Vengeance To the Editor of The Star In The Star of October 4 vour “Twiz- zler” concludes that a Roman senator born September 18. 62 B.C.. must have celebrated his 62d birthday on Septem- ber 18 of the vear 0 BC., or AD. This is certainly “twizzling” with a veng- eance. It is. however, similar to the mistake which led to the celebration .of the bimillenaries of Vergil, Horace and Augustus in each case one year too early. There is. of course, no zero year in our system of chronology, any more than there is a zero degree on our thermom- There were | °t€rs. The zero is merely a point from which measurements are made in op- posite directions. The last instant of the year 1 B.C. was also the first instant of the year 1 AD. If the senator was born September 18 of the year 62'B.C., he was not born 62 vears before the zero point of our era, since the 62d year was then nearly past. His 62d birthday must therefore, have fallen beyond the zero point, and hence within our own era. The first instant of January 1 of the vear 1 B.C. was just a year from the last instant of December 31 of that year, and therefore just & year from the first in- stant of January 1 of the year 1 AD, And any other corresponding dates in the twe years must also have been just A year apart. Now the senator was just 61 years old on September 18 of the vear 1 BC. He was therefore just 62 years old on September 18 of the fol- lowing year, which was the year 1 ADy CHARLES H. PROBERT. ———— A Favorite. From the Grand Isiand Independent. ‘Women must dislike cooking more than was suspected. A man in Berlin who is fasting for 43 days has received 500 offers of marriage. # o Duplex Holidays. From the Davenport (Iows) Timex. There should be two holidays—ihe second to enable the public to recover from the effects of the first. ——— Bystanders Safe for Once. Fiom the Canton (Ohio) Repository. ‘Two youths were killed in a duel with automobiles near Silver Spring. Md. For once, at least, the neutrality rights of pedestrians were upheld. r—or—s Third Term Worries. Prom the Sioux City Tribune. If Roosevelt were reaHy in as bad as the old deal politicians-say he is, they wouldn't be warrving so much over his seeking a third term. 2 ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS BY FREDERIC J. HASKIN. A reader can get the answer to any question of fact by writing The Evening Star Information Bureau, Frederic J. Haskin, Director, Washington, D, C. Please inclose stamp for reply, Q. How many members of the Seventy- fifth Congress died during the first ses- sion?—J. H. A. Eleven members of Congress died during the session. Q. Is Mount Vernon open on Sundav? —T. H. A. Mount Vernon is open on Sunday from 1 to 4 pm. Q. What proportion of the eost of med- ical care of the Nation goes to hospitals? ~—J. C. H. A. A little less than one-fourth, Q. Why does literature from Ttaly hear the date, 1937-XV?—G. D A. The numerals, XV, refer to th since the Fascist march on Rome. vears Q. What position does Miss Mabel Boardman hold in the Red Cross?—B. T A. She is secretary of the American Red Cross and a member of the Central Committee. Q. What is the average temperature in Miami, Fla,, in October and November? —R. M. A. In October, 77 degrees F.. Novem- ber, 718 per cent. There is very slight range in temperature during the vear Summer clothes are suitable to wear in these months and practically the whole Winter. Q. How many World War veterans are receiving compensation?—8. D. H A. As of August 31, 1937. 378,220 World War veterans were receiving compensa- tion from the Federal Government. Q. Why has the Netherlands two cap- itals?—H. E. A. In reality, it has not. Amsierdam is the capital and the Hague is the seat of government, The term. capital, does not carry the same meaning assn- ciated with it in the American mind It connotes merely a chief city or me- tropolis. Q. Should a servant be thanked for his service when he is also given a tip? ~B. C. P. A. If the occasion permits it ix good form to say thank you. A tip is a matter of routine. Q. Who executed the large sphinx f{m the Oscar Wilde Memorial in Pere Lachaise Cemetery, Pariz? -J. M A. The figure is the work of sculptor, Jacob Epstein. the Q. Why was the enthronement of the Duke of York as Lord High Commissioner to the General Assembly of Scotland of special significance?—G. R. A. Taylor Darbyshire savs of thic event which occurred in 1920: “Tt wvas the first occasion on which & member of the royal family had attended since King James VI of Scotland had remoted the court to London.” Q. Ts the plant ealled horsetail in- jurious to horses?—C. W. A. The common horsetail (Equisetum arvense) is dangerously poisonois 10 horses. In Vermont the annual loss cf many animals is attributed to this plant Q. Who was Madame de Stael's mother? —C. H. A. Suzanne Necker, the mother of Madame de Stael, was & writer on lit- erary and moral subjects. She was the daughter of a Protestant minister in Vaud, Switzerland. She conducted a salon which was the meeting place of the most celebrated personages of the time. A hospital which she founded in 1776 is still in existence, Q. How large is Lafayeiie Park acro: from the White House?—E. M. A. It comprises seven acres, Q. What city in the Uniied States has the largest Chinese quarter?—-L. T A. San Francisco has the largest. It 15 also the only typical Chinese city in the Western Hemisphere, Q. How soon after corn is ent shonld it be put into a silo?—N. B. A. The zooner, the better. Tt should never be left in the field overnight. Q. How long have parodies been writ- ten?—H. M. A. One of the oldest parodies i “The Battle of the Frogs and Mice,” imi- tating an Homeric struggle. Aristophanes was a master of the form, especially in his parodies of Euripides. In English literature, there are parodies of and by Shakespeare, while Thackeray's “Bur- lesques,” the “Rejected Addresses by H. and J. Smith.” parodving contemporary poets, and the works of C. S. Calverly are among the best examples of the art, Q. What is the name of the subway in Paris?—E. H. A. The city has two subwavs, the Metropolitan (Metro) and the Nord-Sud. o Read Your Paper With a World Map If you want to understand the daily dispatches, send for your copy of this handy map of the entire world. Tt shows geographical and political | divisions, areas and populations by continents and oountries, principal cities, military estab- fishments. It includes data on foreign trade, agricultural and mineral produc~ tion, merchant marine, monetary &vs- tems, statistics on religions, water-power resources. It is a condensed atlas of the entire world. It is 18 by 28 inches in size and is printed in five colors. Order now and inclose 10 cents to cover eost and handling. Use This Order Blank. The Washingion Evening Star Information Bureau, Frederic J. Haskin. Director, Washington, D. T inclose herewith TEN CENTS in coin (carefully wrapped) for a copy of the MAP OF THE WORLD.