Evening Star Newspaper, September 18, 1936, Page 8

A—8 THE EVENING STAR With Sunday Morning Edition. WASHINGTON, D. A saptember ll. 1936 THEODORE W. NOYES. «+. Editor st el et oo doh ol ek st The Ivening Star Newtplper Company. Bustness Of h 8t and Pfinnlylvuml Ave, 11t New Yorg omce. kncmhxafinfldln Ihrg’el:xllrgmgl ul 4 k‘u Rate by Clfl'lcl‘ ‘Within the City. Regular Edition. o gvn{u- S 450 per month Cwhen 'afn:d Hi 600 per month Vening ( hen 5 8 m‘ll!wl 65¢_per month ‘The Sunday St 5C Der copy Night Final Edition. flsht Final and Sunday Star.._70c per mont ight Pinl Tt 55!‘. per mont Collec L" the 1 gach mon h, o oinetion mad ab Whe il St Iah e tional 5000. Rate by Msll—-l’lnble in Advlwu. nd Member of the Associated Press, ‘The Associated Press 1s exclusively entitled t the use for republication of all news dispatches eredited to it or not otherwise credited in !hl‘ ‘paper and also the local news published herels 1 rights of publication of special dispat erein are also reserved. Justified Pride. ‘The President did well to insert a rhetorical revision of terms into his ad- dress yesterday to the fifth annual Mo- bilization for Human Needs at the White House. After voicing his appeal for a “revival throughout the length and breadth of the land of the spirit of charity” he proceeded immediately to qualify his remarks with the statement: “But ‘revival’ is not the right word— for in the difficult years which have passed that spirit of charity showed itself unselfishly and generously. Increase of the spirit of charity would be a better way of putting it—for I am very proud of the country’s welfare services of all kinds in the past seven years.” There is ample justification for such pride. During the years of the depres- sion private welfare organizations have had to fight for their very existence. The voluntary contributions which pro- vided the sinews of war in their struggle against poverty and misfortune were drastically curtailed, of course, by the de- pression. At the same time govern- ment—national, State and local—stepped in and assumed many of the respon- sibilities previously resting on private charities, This latter development, as necessary as it may have been, has made the existence of private charities more precarious than ever, They have had to face the difficulty not only of raising funds through private contributions in a time of widespread economic distress, but they have had to convince a con- fused public that Government aid did not supersede or conflict with the ac- tivities of private welfare organizations. The proof of their success is the con- tinued functioning today of such or- ganizations as the Community Chest, representing the survival of the spirit of self-assumed community responsi- bility to the unfortunate after a succes- sion of bitter years. The need now, as the President says, is for an “increase” rather than a “revival” of this spirit of charity, It has never been beaten down, though it has suffered as a result of skeptical bewilderment on the part of & public which was uncertain as to where newly assumed and constantly broadened governmental responsibility to the needy ended and private responsibility began. The President attempts to indicate that point by defining the field of pri- vate effort—as distinct from govern= mental—as the encouragement of pri- vate employment, the continued exten- sion of medical aid, ministering to the social needs of those in distress and the development of recreational opportuni- ties. But the great stimulation to the desired increase in what the President calls the “spirit of charity” will come only with the renewal of community responsibility through Government's gradual withdrawal from the manifold activities undertaken under emergent distress of the depression. Unless this retrocession by Government comes about, the continued existence of private char- ity, as we have known it in the past, 1s doubtful, ———— Democratic analysts declare that Maine simply gave a normal vote on old local party lines. Republicans will find increasing interest in the campaign if a g¥neral tendency is shown among va- ‘ rious New Deal neophytes to revert to type. It may be a relief to the A. A. A. to . find that it is not expected to consider a hurricane at sea as intelligently as it discusses a duststorm. A European Squadron. There is nothing inconsistent in the recent withdrawal of American warships from the revolutionary waters around Spain and the decision of the adminis- tration to re-create the United States’ European squadron after a lapse of seven years. The mission of the naval units now to be more or less permanently sta- tioned on the other side of the Atlantic is to protect American lives and prop- erty in emergencies and display the flag in European ports. Nothing of menace to any foreign country or any semblance of purpose to interfere in its affairs is involved or implied in the Government’s plans, These were no doubt conspicuously in Becretary Hull'’s mind when he addressed the pro-Roosevelt Good Neighbor League dinner in New York this week. After emphasizing the United States’ desire to do its part in promotion of world peace, Judge Hull used these prescient words: *“We would not serve the cause of peace by living in the world today without ade- quate powers of self-defense. We must be sure that in our desire for peace we will not appear to any other country weak and unable to resist the imposi- tion of force or to protect our just rights.” The squadron now formally estab- lished will consist of the 7,500-ton cruiser Raleigh, which will leave Norfolk Navy Yard for Gibraltar in a few days, and the destroyers Hatfleld’and Kane and THE EVENING STAR, WASHINGTON, D. C., FRIDAY, SEPTEMBER 18, 1936. THIS AND THAT BY CHARLES E. TRACEWELL. the Coast Guard cutter Cayuga, the three last-named ships having recently been on active service in evacuation work in Spain. Rear Admiral Arthur P. Fair- fleld will command the new squadron and hoist his flag on the Raleigh, He is a seasoned officer, with a reputation fer sound judgment, which will stand him in good stead in the responsible duties he is about to yndertake. President Roosevelt has recently re- flected anxiety about the chaotic Euro- pean situation by indicating his desire not to be far away from Washington for any protracted period at this time. The decision to have the Stars and Stripes float from war vessels available for sud- den requirements anywhere in Europe is manifestly an expression of the Presi- dent’s view that the state of affairs “over there” is incalculable and may become perilous. For well over a century, prior to 1920, the United States Navy had maintained a European squadron. It was first established in the opening de- cade of the nineteenth century, incident to the war on the Barbary pirates, The squadron was abolished seven years ago for reasons of economy and because the Furopean horizon was fairly cloudless. Conditions have changed and corre- sponding decisions at Washington are Jjustified. +There is no need for fearsome souls here at home to pass sleepless nights over the prospect that re-establishment of the European squadron means Ameri- can embroilment in Old World compli- cations or wars. It is a purely protective and altogether plausible and practical measure. R The Leaven. It is a far cry from the Atlantic- washed shores of Maine to those of Michigan, edged by the waters of the Great Lakes. The same leaven is work- ing, however, in both these States. Both have given definite proof in the last few days that they are going again to Re- publican principles of Government and turning away from the New Deal. Michi- gan, as early as 1934, gave Indication of a decided trend away from Roosevelt and his policies. It elected a Repub- lican Governor, a United States Benator and eleven members of the House to six for the Democrats. Two years earlier, when Roosevelt was swept into office, Michigan had elected a Democratic Gov- ernor and eleven members of the House to six for the Republicans. Because of the large expenditures of Government funds in Michigan and be- cause of the appeals made by President Roosevelt and his followers to workers— workers as a class and not as American citizens—it was believed that Michigan would stick by the New Dealers this year. The results of the primaries there on Tuesday, however, do not point in that direction. Senator James Couzens, con- sidered for years the strongest political figure in Michigan, with a large personal following, was defeated overwhelmingly in the Republican senatorial primary. The reason for his defeat was his fond- ness for the Roosevelt New Deal. He had not only given support in the Senate to many of Roosevelt's policies, but he had also, on the eve of the primaries, issued a statement declaring for the re- election of President Roosevelt. Maine’s clean sweep in the elections there on Monday was conclusive. The Btate is expected to give Governor Landon a plurality of 75,000 to 100,000 in the November election. The Maine election was indicative of the leaven which has been working generally in New England. In August, 1935, the New Dealers had an unexpected slap in the face in a Rhode Island by-election to fill a seat in the House. The congres- sional district which had gone strongly Democratic in 1934 turned & handspring and went more strongly Republican in this election. It was a small cloud on the political horizon. That cloud, how- ever, has been gathering in volume ever since. Maine and Michigan are typical States of New England and the Middle West, respectively, They are States that a few years ago were strongly Republican —»s they seem to be again today—but which slipped their moorings and went over to the Democrats, the former voting for President and the latter for Gov- ernor in 1932. They are such Repub- lican States as were Ohio, Illinois, Iowa, Kansas and Nebraska. A political trend in one part of the United States is usually reflected in other parts of the country. The Maine State election and the Michigan primary were fought out along national lines. They mean some- thing national. Just as do the votes cast in the Massachusetts primary on Tues- day, where the Republicans had all the better of the comparisons, —_—————————— Statesmanship has always proceeded independently of physical graces. The feminine vote is but no beauty contest ever won an election. Tories. The genealogy of the epithet Tory, ap- plied by radicals to those whose views are less adventurous than their own, is dificult to trace. According to the edi- tors of the Century Dictionary, the phrase descends from an Irish word —*tolridhe”—which signifies “a pursuer, searcher, plunderer.” In the seventeenth century, after the Restoration, the old Toryism? The average conservative citl zen probably will answer in the nega- tive, sensing as he does the connotation of insult in the denomination, Yet Lord Cantilupe, in G. Lowes Dickinson’s stimulating “Modern Sympostum,” makes out & fair case for his position as one who frankly does not approve of equality: “I don't know that I'm better or worse than the village carpenter; but I'm dif- ferent; and I like him to recognize that fact, and to recognize it myself. In America, I am told, every one is always mforming you, in everything they do and say, directly or indirectly, that they are as good as you are. That isn't true, and 1f it were, it isn't good manners to keep saying it. I prefer a society where people have places and know them. * * * I see no sense in pretending to make people equal politically when they’re unequal in every other respect.” Perhaps, the distinction between the authentic Tory, so summarized, and pro- ponents of untrammeled democracy lies in a psychological or temperamental variation. Both reactionaries and rebels, 1t seems, are born as well as created by experience. Some hold back; some rush forward. In either instance, the motive is some inner impulse of the soul—a factor impossible to analyze with perfect accuracy. One individual naturally is cautious; another courageous. And keen observers long ago noticed that those who stand to lose customarily belong to the first, those who have opportunity to gain to the second. Yet the struggle is not necessarily a warfare between the Haves and the Have Nots. That pre- tended explanation is altogether too easy o be universally accepted. —tee California has a lettuce strike in prog- ress. It is sometimes remarkable to dis- cover how significantly an inconspicuous article of food may figure in our social economy. Even a spinach strike might be taken seriously. France, threatened with a Communist crisis, may regret a lack of respect for English literature that prevented trans- lations of “Tale of Two Cities” from be- ing taken more seriously. e e A trial and error political system is being tested in some parts of Europe, even to the extent of shooting groups of citizens by mistake. ————————— Spain, which has from time to time been a harsh colonist, has shown a ten- dency to the belief that cruelty begins at home. ————— Voteless Washington is still expected to be content with a ring-side seat when Inauguration day comes uoupd. ——————————— Shooting Stars. BY PHILANDER JOHNSON. Undaunied Guesser. I never guessed the numbers in the way they ought to run. I never guessed the hosses when I made & bet for fun. I never guessed the word that set a cross-word puzzle straight; Yet somehow I'm supposed to guess a winning candidate. I never guessed the answer to the things professors say. I never guessed the proper tunes when bands begin to play. I never guessed the figures that made any tax so great— Yet I think I'm smart enough to guess a winning candidate! Addressing the Grocer. “I'm looking for the time,” said Sen- ator Sorghum, hammering the table, “when every American citizen can make a satisfactory after-dinner ‘speech!” “You want more public oratory?” “No. I mean the kind of a speech that will be satisfactory when he goes out after dinner with a market basket.” Dream of Magnificence. I dreamt I dwelt in marble halls And then, when I awoke, And for my vassals sent out calls I'found it was a joke! T had a cabin four feet wide; The hydrant cool and damp My daily needs each morn supplied In yonder touring camp. Gesture, “A modern doctor seldom tells & pa- tient to stick out her tongue,” remarked the president of the Ladies’ Science Asso- ciation. “No,” sald Miss Cayenne, “but some- times I do it anyhow—in derision.” “I never learned to dance,” said Hi Ho, the sage of Chinatown. “If the music pieased me, why should I seek to improve it by physical demonstra- tions?” ‘The Fashion, I must holler for some one! Perhaps I am wrong. He may be a dumb one ‘Who does not belong. But fashion Il foller And join in the buzz! For some one I'll holler— Cause every one does! “Maybe dar is too many teachers,” said Uncle Eben, “tryin’ to teach others somethin’ dey don't know foh certain deirselves.” Air-Conditioned Music. From the Worcester Gazette. Music, says a Boston University pro- fessor, hes a cooling influence that only has air-conditioned his audience. ——— “Humanized” War Still Fatal. From the Charleston (W. Va.) Mail. No Economic Stability in Living Wage Legislation To the Bditor of The Star: All the endless economic mv-rhrlnnuswllogmlmommu tion, because it is never related to a logi- cal beginning and tenets of economic righteousness. Nor can the innumerable uplift organizations point to achieve- ment, because their endeavor is never committed to accepted standards of right and wrong. To {llustrate: There is no element of righteousness or economic stability in “living wage” legislation, for which there is so much clamor. Every man is en- titled to what he earns, which should insure most men a comfortable living and ample accumulation for a contented retirement. It is illogical, because the “living wage,” measured in the money of today, may be far less than sufficient contemplating the prices of tomorrow. Existing conditions are not God- inflicted. They are manmade, and we endure the poverty of exploitation that is 50 hopeless and helpless. Because what we have done in education, legislation and administration has somewhere con- flicted with standards of righteousness to which we should be committed, want and the dread of want stimulate the greed that fosters most of the wicked- ness with which we are confronted. The law of consequences, which neith- er the individual nor society can evade, finds no place in economic discussion. Every suggestion contemplates an eco- nomic experiment. We should search for a “cause” and eliminate it if we strive to remedy social ills. Concerning the individual it seems reasonable to believe in wealth for those that merit wealth and poverty for those who deserve poverty. That every man should have in proportion to his educa- tion, his skill, his industry and his fru- gality. That those who contribute much should acquire much and those who con- tribute little, absorb but little, with spontaneous, bountiful and graceful charity for any unable to contribute, And it would seem that: All men have equal right to the use and enjoyment of the elements provided by God and necessary to existence. Every man is entitled to benefits from society equivalent to the services he renders. The principles—the accepted stand- ards of right and wrong, obvious in the simpler relations of men, are not abro- gated or reversed by the more intricate relations that result from our social growth, Government is under the same moral obligation to be honest that applies to the individual. Legislation that ignores such right, equity, principle or obligation is wrong, and should be revised. As an educational center, Washington offers an opportunity of environment and contact not to be found elsewhere, and the influence of a few hundred young people here subscribing to such belief and code of economic ethics would reach every nook and corner of the United States and, as Woodrow Wilson said it, “lift so high the incomparable stand- ards of the common interests and the common justice that all men with vision, all men with the convictions of America in their hearts, will crowd to that stand- ard and a new day of achtevement may come for the liberty we love.” J. B. CHAMBERLAIN, Labor Relations Enactment Subversive and Destructive To the Editor of The Star: It is impossible for one imbued with a love of liberty and sense of justice to write with any degree of restraint about the act of Congress creating the National Labor Relations Board. The order of this board demanding rein- statement by the Associated Press of an employe dismissed for justifiable cause makes one’s blood boil with righteous indignation. Such & law could find its rightful place only under a communistic government and state of society. It violates all of the natural rights and civil rights of the citizen, rights which are set forth and which were assumed to be protected by the Constitution. Its utter unconstitutionality, damnable, and communistic nature is illustrated in the above-mentioned order to the Associated Press. Watson, an employe of the Asso- ciated Press, persisted, contrary to the orders of his employer, in writng stuff in opposition to the policies and desires of this concern, which was the cause of his dismissal. preme Court on appeal from the deci- sion of the Circuit Court of Appeals sustaining the constitutionality of the law it alleges that Watson's viewpoint was so colored that he was unable to write the unbiased type of news story it attempts to provide its members. This law and this order of the board in pur- suance thereof violates in many ways the constitutional rights of the Asso- ciated Press. It infringes the freedom of the press in that it destroys the right of this concern to present the news it wants to in its own way. It destroys that “liberty” of the Associated Press, guar- anteed to it by the Constitution, to con- duct its business in its own way without hindrance or molestation, the same being a legitimate business. It further de- stroys the freedom of contract, which is an inalienable and fundamental right of the individual or corporation under the Constitution, guaranteeing the “liberty” of the citizen. It takes from the employer the right to dicate and manage the policies and activities of his own business, and lodges these powers in the hands of an irresponsible employe thereby making it possible for the employe to discredit and destroy the business of his employer. In view of such results the deduction is inescapable that the law was intended to sovietize the busi- ness and industries of America, but what- eyer the intention, that will be the in- evitable result should the constitution- ality of this law be upheld. It is the deliberate opinion of the writer thn‘;h;‘re was never put upon the statute of any civilized nation a law more subversive and destructive of individual liberty. It is incompre- hensible how any judge who has ever read the Constitution, the Declaration of Independence, or who has the faintest conception of the fundamental principles and spirit of our institutions could have upheld this law as within the constitu- tional power of the Congress. ALEXANDER SIDNEY LANIER. Still No Lights at Irving And Mount Pleasant Streets o larse ”““:.v.;“.,f”“"'u.n:"t’:.m “s large percent af were pedestrians, caused by negligence the deceased. These facts illustrate uunmultylarpedutrhn regulation.” At the intersection of Mount Pleasant and Irving streets there are no “go- stop” traffic lights for pedestrian regu- hmmmuummmzm In its petition to the Su-_ Avoid putting into commission too many unfl., it you take up the aquarium hobby this Fall. This is the commonest mistake the beginner makes. He becomes so fascinated by his fishes that shortly he buys more tanks, more fishes; soon he has then all over the house. ‘The first thing he knows his home takes on the appearance of & pet shop. There will be aquariums in the living room, dining room, even in the kitchen. This is all very well. A home may look like a shop, if its inmates don't mind. But taking care of the tanks is where the trouble comes in. PR There is & “long run” to the aquatic hobby that is different from that in philately, for instance. One deals with life, and life requires attention. There is a representation, often seen, that this isn't true, that all one has to do is secure the “balanced aquarium,” and that thereafter the tank will take care of itself. A pretty picture, and almost true— occasionally. Every one who has fooled around with fishes has had his picture tanks, which have run along for months without much attention. And then he has had the other sort, too. There has been altogether too much talk about the successful tanks and not enough about the unsuccessful ones, the semi-successful ones. It is these latter which pile up when one begins to have a dozen or 15 tanks, or more. Yes, many an enthusiast works up to that many, and in some cases several dozen, before he stops to realize what he has done. ok x X He is nursemaid to several hundred fishes. ‘The fishes didn’t ask to be confined in glass walls, usually without enough water per fish, which means less oxygen than each ought to have. They do very well under average con- ditions to live at all. ‘Too many fishes per gallon of water in most cases, plus too much food and often too much or too little light, may spell a pea-soupy aquarium, or a tank in which the water is milky in appearance. ‘There are many things that may happen to a fish aquarium, even when the keeper really knows what he is doing. Seldom are these mentioned in the books, for to do so might drive away some budding enthusiast. 8o the old-timers, for various reasons, keep a pretty tight mouth about them. After all, every beginner may be ex- tremely fortunate and have every single one of his multiple tanks go off just right. He may not keep any of his fishes very long, giving them away or selling them, before they settle down to the aforesaid “long run,” which is the final test of any enthusiast’s ability to manage an aquarium pmperlv *x x ¥ ‘The beglnner ought to understand in advance that even if things run along nicely, still there will be plenty of work. It is a good thing, for instance, to have nice, light, flufly green algae collect on the inner side of the glass sides, that the fishes will have some good vege- tation to nibble at. The beginner doesn’t stop to think that if this occurs, as he hopes, it will occur on all the inner sides, back and front, he will have to clean it off the front, either with a safety razor blade, in some cases, or maybe a wad of absorbent cotton will do. In any case, he probably will have a little chore in this regard alone to be done at least every two or three weeks in all his tanks. Then there are innumerable matters, such as here and there a tank “going bad,” despite all the rules. Often this occurs in the most mysterious manner. One has observed all the rules, but the water has a grayish appearance and doesn’t smell good. N It is a mystery to the beginner, but not to the old hand. Every time fresh tempered water is added to the aquarium containing tropi- cal or exotic specimens new invisible spores of algae are introduced. One time this may be a harmless sort of algae. The next time it may be a harmful or unwanted sort. The enthusiast has no control over this matter. He takes what he gets. ‘The old-timers tried to overcome this hazard by sticking to “old water,” as they called it. They used the same water over and over again, at times rising to such a frenzy in this matter that their fishes were compelled to live in what really constituted liquid manure. ‘Today the idea in this regard is that the addition of fresh tempered water to the extent of perhaps one-fourth to one-half the aquarium at least every two weeks is far better procedure than attempting to make a record by keeping the same water for as long as the fishes can stand it. TR Above all, in the long run of which we speak, there is the growing old of the individual fishes. Perhaps nothing has been written of this because not one person in a thou- sand, or even 10,000, is able to keep a fish for three years, four years or longer. When these old fellows—old for fishes an inch or maybe two inches long—come into the last months of their lives they take on an appearance which is pathetic in the extreme. This worries the sensitive human who is their providence. In addition these old fishes and their aquarium have grown old together. There comes a deposit on the inner walls of glass which even a safety razor blade will not remove. The animals themselves are dirtier and require more oxygen as they grow old. The fewer tanks the enthusiast has in the beginning as well as in the ending the less trouble he will have, the longer his enthusiasm will last and the better he can keep what he has. He can't lay these fellows away in a book when he grows tired of them, nor give them away, if he is loyal in disposition to what he has undertaken. Go easy, then, if you take up this good hobby. Don't become stampeded by your own enthusiasm. Remember, one or two good tanks are better than a dozen indifferent ones. The fishes will like them better and so will you. WASHINGTON OBSERVATIONS BY FREDERIC WILLIAM WILE. Both members of the SBenate who have failed of renomination this year fell by the wayside on the issue of the New Deal. Senator Gore, Democrat, of Oklahoma was rejected by his constituents because he opposed certain administration poli- cies, while Senator Couzens, Republican, of Michigan, conversely, was snowed under on account of his outright sup- port of the President. The topsy- turvydom which is 1936 politics could hardly be more graphically illustrated than by the fact that hostility to the New Deal demolished a Democrat, while advocacy of it wrecked a Republican. That crazy-quilt situation is typical of broken party lines all over the country. What happened in the Oklahoma and Michigan prjmaries is a fore runner of what’s widely in the cards on November 3—disaffected Democrats flocking into the Landon camp, and New Deal Repub- licans like Jim Couzens and George Nor- ris lining up for Roosevelt. It's the un- certainties represented by this prospect that make guessing about the outcome a tougher proposition than ever this year, trends and straw votes to the con- trary notwithstanding. * *® ® *x Senator Couzens, being the richest man in Congress and one of the wealthiest in the country, doesn’t exactly need a Government job to keep the wolf from the door, but the suggestion is already current that in the event of President Roosevelt’s re-election, F. D. R. would be strongly inclined to associate the De- troiter with the administration in some important capacity. A vacant cabinet portfolio, such as the secretaryship of war, would almost certainly be at Cou- zens’ disposal if he cared to remain iden- tified with Federal life. Communications and transportation — telegraphs, tele- phones, radio and both rail and water shipping—are fields in which the retiring Michigan Senator has long been active on Capitol Hill. It may be that he would prefer, if the opportunity arose, to dedi- cate his talents and experience to one of those branches of the Government service. Some of his friends think Cou- zens’ preferences lie in the direction of philanthropic activities. * ok kX ‘Washington newspaper men are ha- bitually non-partisan, but few of them conceal their regret that George Hig- gins Moses failed to stage a comeback in the late Republican senatorial pri- mary unpleasantness in New Hampshire. Moses was liked and respected in the press gallery, not only because of his statesmanlike qualities, but also because he was a generous and reliable source of political news. The local scribes were proud to claim the New England wisecracker as on€é of their own craft, to which, it is now expected, Moses will ‘go-stop’ traffic lights tvere absolutely actively return, possibly as a commen- tator on the national scene. * ¥ ¥ x Because, he, too, is a writer by profes- sion, Henry Cabot Lodge, jr., will be cordially welcomed by the Washington reportorial fraternity to which he be- longed seven or eight years ago, should the fates decree his return to the Capi- tal as the junior Senator from Massa- chusetts. Already, in that event, young Lodge’s friends foreshadow a brilliant political future for him, ramifying some day into presidential dimensions, if he proves a worthy successor of his dis- tinguished grandfather in the field of statesmanship. Another up-and-coming young Republican pitchforked into the national limelight this week is Gov. H. Styles Bridges of New Hampshire, who won his party's senatorial nomination. Bridges was conspicuously in the run- ning at Cleveland for second place on the Landon ticket, until a member of the Kansan's brain trust there (reputedly, Roy Roberts of the Kansas City Star) decided that any combination which would enable the Democrats to chuckle “Landon-Bridges falling down” was out of the window. *x % Diplomatic and political quarters in ‘Washington are buzzing with the names of three men believed to be under con- sideration at the White House and the State Department for the vacant am- bassadorship to the Soviet Union. They are Joseph E. Davies of the District of Columbia bar and former chairman of the Federal Trade Commission, Curtis Bok of Philadelphia, son of the late Edward Bok and grandson of the late Cyrus H. K. Curtis, and John V. A. Mac- Murray, Ambassador to Turkey. Young Mr. Bok comes into the picture mainly because he was chairman of a committee which agitated for American recognition of the U. S. S. R. before that event took place in 1933. If it’s decided to bestow the Moscow mission upon a foreign service career man, Ambassador Mac- Mutray is looked upon as the best bet, because of his expert acquaintance with Far Eastern problems and his more re- cent experience in Eastern Europe as Minister to Estonia, Latvia and Lith- uania. * ok x Rear Admiral Arthur P. Fairfield, just appointed to command our re-created European squadron, has a timely claim to fame, apart from his record in the Navy. His paternal grandfather was a Democratic Governor of Maine when it was not as incorrigibly Republican as it appears to be nowadays. The admiral himself is a native of the Pine Tree State, having been born at Saco. He is a grad- uate of Bowdoin College and holds an honorary degree from his alma mater. A member of the Annapolis class of 1901, Admiral Fairfield saw World War service as an officer of Admiral Sims’ fleet at Queenstown and distinguished himself on numerous occasions in super- intending the rescue of victims of marine disasters. He was on duty at the Navy Department a few years ago as an aide to Admiral Charles F. Hughes, chief of operations, and afterward commanded the division of new 10,000-ton criusers attached to the United States Fleet on the West Coast. Admiral Pairfield is still & couple of years on the sunny side of 60 and is famed throughout the Navy for his imperturbability and sound judg- ment. * K ok ¥ Former Gov. John G. Winant, chair- man of the Social Security Board, dropped a hint in his National Press Club luncheon address this week that the 8. 8. B, in the sweet bye-and-bye may pretty well spread over the face of the Washington earth. In discuss- ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS BY FREDERIC J. HASKIN. A reader can get the answer to any question of fact by writing The Evening Star Information Bureau, Frederic J. Has}in, Director, Washington, D. C. Please inclosc stamp for veply, Q. In one of President Rooseveit's speeches he refers to having seen war on land and sea. Was he in the war? —G. L. A. While the President was Assistant Secretary of the Navy he visited the war zone in July, 1918, Q. When approaching Washington, from what direction can the Washington Monument be seen?—C. G. A. It is visible from every point of the compass around Washington, D. C. Q. What would it cost to build side- walks along the Federal and State high- ways?—N. D. A. J. B. Pennybacker, former chief highway economist of the United States Bureau of Public Roads, estimates that $200,000,000 would do about all that is reasonably necessary. He suggests that it would be a great life-saving project and furnish widespread employment. Q. How many bells are there in Lhe carillon at Richmond, Va?>—M. N. A. It has 60 bells arranged in five tiers, with the small bells at the top and the largest at the bottom. Q. How long does it take for food to go from the mouth to the stomach?—M. R. A. The complete course from mouth to stomach usually requires six seconds. Q. How much money has been spent this year for new busses?—L. K. A. So far this year it is estimated that the bus industry has bought nearly $45,000,000 worth of new vehicles. Q. Who was the first Negro physician in this country?—S. H. P. A. The first, so far as can be traced, was James Derham of Philadelphia, who settled in New Orleans before the period of Washington's administration. Of Dr. Derham, Dr. Benjamin Rush said: “I conversed with him on medicine and found him very learned. I thought I could give him information concerning the treatment of diseases, but I learned more from him than he could expect from me.” Q. Were the ancient Roman boats painted?—H. G. A. Pliny states that several kinds of paint mixed with wax were used in painting the ancient vessels. The colors include purple, violet, blue, white, yellow and green. Some of the war vessels were painted to match the color of the waves, Q. When did Malthus live?—B. R. A. This English economist was born in 1766 and died in 1834. He taught that the population tends to increase faster than the means of subsistence, and that poverty is inevitable unless birth control is practiced. Q. Who is the present typewriting champion?—E. H. A. At the recent contest of the Inter- national Commercial Schools Contest Association in Chicago, Albert Tangora won with an average of 135 words a minute. Q. What is Jugtown pottery?—M. H. F. A. This is an American ware made in North Carolina since about 1750 by de- scendants of a family of Staffordshire potters which settled there. The wheel- turned bowls, jars and plates of warm orange, gray, green, Persian blue and black hues show Colonjal influence. Q. When did Sweden and Norway separate?—M. L. A. In the latter part of the nineteenth century serious difficulty arose between Norway and Sweden, owing to the desire of the former for a consular service of her own. In 1905 the two nations separated. Q. What is the Walsh-Healey act? —J. W. A. Tt provides that from now on the Federal Government can award con- tracts for the manufacture or furnishing of materials, equipment, articles and supplies in amounts exceeding $10,000 (with certain exceptions) only to firms conforming to fair labor standards. Q. Who executed the first equestrian statue in the United States?—H. W. A. Clark Mills designed and, in 1852, cast in an experimental foundry the statue of Gen. Jackson for Lafayette Square, Washington, D. C. This was the first equestrian statue in the history of American sculpture. Q. What was the first magazine de- voted to woman suffrage?—E. R. A. In 1853 Paulina Wright Davis and Caroline Dall established Una, the first woman suffrage periodical. ——— Bound to Hit You. Prom the Jacksonville Journal. There’s no escaping the Federal Gov- ernment mow. It is bound to take something away from you or give you something. A Rhyme at Twilight y Gertrude Brooke Hamilton Repletion. Love, could I hold your dear hands close tonight, Andhuy my tired head down on them ere, ‘While you sang as of old in the twilight— Ah, love, this dark cloud of distrust and fear ‘Would melt to nothingness, and dis- appear, ‘Then deep content and rest would fill the place The while you sang those songs of long ago, And from my brow your fingers would erase These lines of sorrow. And again we'd know Peace, as the night fell silently and slow. ing practical progress to date Gov. Winant said that “our most pressing need at the moment is space.” The board now occupies the old Labor Department Building on G street, but obviously is going to require a lot more elbow room when it has to provide for maintenance of beneflt accounts or wage records for each of the Nation’s estimated 26,000,000 workers, Outstanding technicians have been at work for many months on the gigantic task of organizing and mechan- izing that undertaking. social security some day were destined to become about the most prolific branch of Uncl;:cm’u rapidly spreading bureaus cratic : Coprrist, 19368.)