Evening Star Newspaper, July 2, 1936, Page 11

Garner Views of 32 Argue for Walk Capital Sees Obedience or Surrender to New Deal Policies. BY DAVID LAWRENCE. ICE PRESIDENT GARNER is popular in the National Capital, popular among Re- publicans as well as Democrats, end that's why bhis name has been more conspicuous in the convention of political folk here since the convention than anybody’s else. The particular reason for this is the difference of opinion that is being expressed here - - abouts as to whether Garner's acceptance speech Saturday night, in which he said he ° was a soldier and would follow his 3§ commander in g chief, was an act of obedience or a “surrender,” as one Senator termed it. The Vice Pres- ident has becn known to be at varience with New Deal philosophy in several particulars, but this deviation appears nowhere | more dramatically than in his letter accepting the vice presidential nomi- | nation on August 23, 1932, in which he said: | “In my opinion, nearly all of our | eivic troubles are the conscquence of Government’s departure from :ts legiti- mate functions. * * * “It is not the business of Govern- ment to make individuals rich; though too often has Government beer bent on that purpose. Nor is it a function of an administration to direct the personal affairs of mankind except in so far as it places a bar against such things as involve injury, loss or dis- comfort to others. * ¢ * Dependence Encouraged. “Had it not been for the steady | encroachment of Federal Government | on the rights and duties reserved for | the States, we perhaps would not have the present spectacle of the people rushing to Washington to set right whatever goes wrong. | “But successive administrations have encouraged this spirit of dependence | on Government, either because of the | lust for additional power on the part of Federal officials, or simply because | of a blind insistence on the Hamil- | tonian principle of a strongly central- | ized Government as opposed to thz| Jeffersonian idea of giving to the administration at Washington only such functions as the States themselves cannot perform. * * * “The gravitation of power to Washington has builded a structure | of administration vast beyond the imagination of the builders of the | Constitution—complex, involved, and uncoordinated; a fabric of bureaus, | commissions, boards, and departments | that overlap and interfere with one another—and all at the cost of the people. * * * Cited Unbalanced Budget. “Whatever view may be held as to the so-called business cycle; whatever | may be the real theory that business panics inevitably follow great wars, the fact remains that the master clement of our trouble, the unbalanced budget, | lies on the dnorstep of the Republican administration. Through administra- tion after administration, Republican officials have so conducfed our fiscal affairs as to change a large Treasury surplus into a deficit of three billion in the space of less than 12 years. * * * “The Republican platform, as usual, carries a retrenchment plank couched in vague, elusive terms—a striking contrast to the Democratic platform which demands a retrenchment of at least 25 per cent in expenditures. * % ¢ The economy plank in the Democratic platform is a guarantee that the President will not attempt to pass this buck to Congress.” Had the authorship of the above speech not been disclosed, many parts of it would, if circulated annony- mously, be sure to be attributed to the “economic royalists” or to anti- New Deal speakers. Garner’s views of 1932 are in ac- cord with Democratic doctrines of the past, and as such they would find a ready response today among the Jeffersonian Democrats who oppose the re-election of Mr. Roosevelt. Change Is Discounted. The Vice President’s abandonment of his 1932 views, if indeed he has abandoned them in reality, may cause much comment during the campaign, but political Washington strangely enough is going on the assumption that at heart Garner has not changed one jota, that he feels exactly as he did, for instance, when he exchanged letters in July, 1935, with John Henry Kirby, head of the Southern Con- stitutionalists. Kirby wrote: ‘V‘My Dear John: How long are you going to tolerate the apostasy of the Roosevelt administration to the cardi- nal principles of the Democratic Party and the notorious ‘contempt for the plain terms of the Constitution?” ‘To this Garner replied: “Dear John Henry: Your favor is Just called to my attention. You can’t do everything you want to and I can't do half what I would like to do. You can't control everybody you would like to and I am in a similar fix. I think that answers your question. With regards and wishing you health and happiness, etc.” Hands Tied. As Vice President, Garner has had 8 seat at the cabinet table. He knows what is going on. But he has no power to change things as he has no administrative authority. He has done yeoman service, however, in helping line up votes in the Senate for various presidential measures. He has earned his renomination. The incident of the 1932 acceptance leiter is cited not in criticism of John Nance Garner but to illustrate what the average man probably doesn't realize—namely, that the code of politics really knows no consistency and that political expediency governs many of the public statements issued by candidates for high office. This is probably no discovery to those who follow the game of politics, but there are many persons in America doubt- less who will still wonder why Garner did not reiterate his 1932 declaration and take a walk. For there are people who would not even accept the vice presidency at the price of a public Teversal of convictions of a lifetime, (Copyright, 1930.) David Lawrence. o Tractor Trains Tried. ; Maryland W.P. A. THE EVENING STAR, WASHINGTON,- D. €., THURSDAY, JULY 2, 1836. Behind the News ‘ Farley and Hamilton Stage Wishful-Thinking Duel. Somebody’s Wrong, of Course; Probably Both. BY PAUL MALLON. FARLEY claims all the States. Hamilton claims all but six. This seems to curtail the current Republican-Democratic misunderstanding to a mere trifle of 42 States. Likewise, it shows that one of the two is too highly optimistic, if not both. The fact is, virtually all the claims you will hear from now on are apt to be tinged more with hope than knowledge, Astute politicos always make them for propaganda purposes. Neither side will divulge its rock- bottom tabulation of expectations. If they did, the figures would not mean much. It is impossible for any one to have a conclusive line on the prospects this early in the game. The next 60 days will tell the tale. Certain determining factors already are evident, however. The news of the last week has contained almost daily accounts of the eflorts of President Roosevelt to line up a stronger front in New York, Michigan, Pennsylvania and Illinois. The successful show put on for Gov. Lehman at Philadlephia and Hyde Park; the peacemaking over- tures toward Gov. Horner of Illinois; the effort to induce Frank Murphy to get on the ticket as gubernatorial candidate in Michigan; the gestures toward Pennsylvania’s Gov. Earle, Philadelphia’s mayor and Lewis of the United Mine Workers—all these things are more than routine efforts. They show where Democratic worry 1s centered, where the battleground is. These big-four States appear to hold the election in the balance at this earl; * Xx ¥ ¥ An honest tabulation of the existing electoral situation was made the other day by a Senator who has an inside reputation as the best political judge in Washington. His pencil counted J93 electoral votes as Roosevelt's present working basis. He gave Roosevelt all the Southern and border States, except Oklahoma. He likewise gave the President the benefit of any doubts in Indiana, Missouri, Wisconsin, Oregon, Utah and Washington. His Landon count totaled 139. The Kansas Governor was given all New England except Massachusetts, which was left doubtful temporarily. The Landon list also included New Jersey, Maryland, Ohio, Michigan, Iowa, Kansas, Oklahoma, Colorado and scattering Western States. The big ones he left doubtful were California, Illinois, New York, Pennsylvania and Massachusetts, with 151 electoral votes. These States, he thought, would swing the election. If you add them to the Landon working basis, Landon would have 290 electoral votes, or 24 more than a majority. Postmaster General Farley is engaged in & small personal build-up of himself as a prognosticator. Senatorial and other high official circles have lately received copies of a three-year-old address delivered by Farley in Philadelphia in 1933. In that address Farley told the Political Science Association how he called the turn in every State in 1932—except Pennsylvania. He also told how he missed the total plurality in eight mountain States by less than 4,000 votes. Stranger still, the speech copies bear the imprint of the Government Printing Office. The National Committee is supposed to have paid the printing bill. However, Farley could probably have promoted much con- fidence in his prediction, without any printing expenses, if he had permitted the Republicans to have just one little State like Delaware. * % %k % Behind the parting shot of Controller McCarl against New Deal extravagance lies a half-told story of three years of bickering over spend- ing details. The New Dealers ran into difficul- ties with McCarl early in their game. He was supposed to check items of expense and hold the spenders me- ticulously within the letter of the law. They were hard to hold. In such a vast program it could not be done efficiently, without serious delays. For the first two years the New Dealers tried to get around McCarl by patting him on the back. He was invited to rides on the presidential yacht and even mentioned unofficially for a judgeship. These tactics were without remedial effect. The spenders started overwhelming McCarl with details which com- pletely engulfed his work. The climax was reached when Harry Hopkins, some months ago, sent McCarl six barrels filied with vouchers, requesting an immediate okay. The feeling has been mutual ever since. Senator Borah and Dr. Townsend put their heads together in a little unobserved pow-wow the other day. Neither would talk, but you can bet that a friendly disagreement resulted. That is, Borah will not go all the way with Townsend. The Townsendites may even enter a candidate against him in the Idaho senatorial election. But, at the same time, the doctor will say a good word for the Senator at the right time. (Copyright. 1936.) date. 2 W Publishes Bulletin| § As an Experiment 4 fl ew 22-Page Magazine Not a Work Project, However. E¥ the Assoclated Press, BALTIMORE, July 2.—The first issue of the Maryland Works Progress Administration’s “bulletin"—published “more or less as an experiment’— made its appearance in the W. P. A, office yesterday. Harry D. Williar, jr., deputy State administrator, said the 22-page maga- zine was not & W, P. A, work project, but was done by the New Jersey W. P. A, which has printing facili- ties, and the entire cost of the issue— $570—was charged against the ad- ministrative budget. Francis H. Dryden, State admin- istrator, said in an editorial that the magazine was compiled to describe the types of W. P. A. projects in the State. He pointed out that, be- cause of Maryland's diverse geogra- phy, a varled program had to be provided. ‘Whether the bulletin will be con- tinued, and whether changes will be made in its content, will be de- cided at & meeting of W. P. A, officials Friday. Maryland is one of the last States in the East to estab- lish a W. P. A. magazine, Williar said. COAST GUARD STATIONS SEEK MISSING YACHT Lookout Broadcast for Bermuda Race Schooner With Five Aboard. By the Associated Press. NORFOLK, Va.,, July 2.—Norfolk and all Coast Guard stations along the coast were requested yesterday to keep a lookout for the schooner- yacht Dellers which sailed from New- port, R. I, in the Bermuda race. The craft has not been heard from and the commander of the Eastern area of the Coast Guard, of which Norfolk is a unit,sdirected that a lookout be kept for her. The Dellers is 40 feet long, painted white and has 5 in her crew. Taking the GIVIL SERVICE EXAM? we deliver at McKinley High Tables” and Typewriters 0§15 [ | For *Regulation, individual, mew tadles, Not merely @ place at @ bench! United Ty Tractor trains, 74 feet long, are being tried in South Africa. 813 14th St. omgw&‘l;,:‘l 1 TO AVOID Revoked Rule ~ Is Milestone * in Control Progressives and Ma- chine Are Held at Last by One Man. BY DOROTHY THOMPSON. HE abrogation of the two-thirds rule, by which the Democratic party has nominated its candi- date for President for 100 years, was by no means the least important event at the recent Dem- ocratic convention. Since it was in- troduced at the very first party con- vention, in 1832, it has been the basis of the most bitter . " controversy, and many heart- breaking and unsuccessful at- tempts have been ° made to repeal it. There was never any log: in it. The fact that unit rule existed alongside it whereby the ma- jority of any delegation could vote the whole delegation, mull. Deceths Thempien fied all consistency. And its effect was extremely bad from the point of | view of party leadership and the | prestige of the Democratic party in the country at large. Time and again under it the most powerful personalities of the party | have been rejected as candidates, and the convention has compromised upon a second rater. Time and again a bitter fight, carried on in full public eye, has served to smear every candidate before he was presented to the public. Nothing that the Republicans could afterward say | against the Democratic candidate | could be more vituperative than what had already been said against him on the floor of the convention. Sham to Begin With. ‘This rule had precisely the oppo- | site effect to that for which it was | designed. For its whole purpose, when it was first adopted at the convention which put Van Buren into the field | favor-seeking class.” body’s second choice, was nominated on the 103rd. ‘The 1912 convention, which nomi- nated Woodrow Wilson, was one of | the most dramatic of all such gater- ings. It was this convention in which Bryan led the fight against Tammany and against Champ Clark, to whom Bryan's delegation was pledged, but against whom he fought purely be- cause Clark was supported by Tam- many and “the Eastern interests.” Under the majority rule, Clark would have been nominated on the tenth ballot. But Bryan swung the con- vention to Woodrow Wilson on the forthy-sixth count. Machine vs. Anti-Machine. The issue in that historic conven- tion was, as far as the Nation was concerned, the issue between “pro- gressives” and “conservative.” In the convention the fight was between the machine and the anti- machine factions. Those in control of the organization wanted a candidate and a platform just progressive enough to furnish campaign talk against the split ticket of Roosevelt and Taft. ‘The progressives wanted to “curb trusts,” reduce the tariff and “return the Government to the people” by the adoption of the income tax, direct election of Senators and the enacting of protective legislation. Before the words which Bryan uttered on the floor of that con- vention. President Roosevelt's speech against the “economic royalists” Sat- urday seems really tame. Because Bryan did not confine himself to generalities. He introduced, and he had passed a resolution naming names. That convention voted: “As proof of our fidelity to the people | we hereby declare ourselves to be op- | posed to the nomination of any candi- date for President who is the repre- sentative of, or under obligation to J. Pierpont Morgan, Thomas Fortune Ryan, August Belmont, or any other member of the privilege-hunting and And this was said with Belmont, Ryan and Murphy sitting on the floor. Would Clark Have Fought? The two-thirds rule and Bryan's magnificent fight prevented the nomi- nation of Champ Clark. The progres- sives came in. But two years later the world was dark with war; do- mestic policies became very secondary issues indeed. It was under the pro- gressives that America sent 2,000,000 men to fight in France. Now, after the event, one may speculate whether the home spun Champ Clark, Middle Westerner and isolationist, would have | made Wilson's decision. The abrogation of the two-thirds | rule last week was the final proof of President Roosevelt’s complete sway as Vice President with Andrew Jack- son, was apparently to create for the | candidate the impressiveness of solid | support. i Martin Van Buren had enemies. | Andrew Jackson was the unquestioned | party leader, and being able to swing | | the convention however he pleased he commanded a two-thirds vote for the | man he had chosen as his running | mate and was grooming as his suc- cessor. But in after years no such impressiveness was the result of the rule. On the contrary, the Nation knew that whatever candidate was nominated might be thoroughly hated and despised or only of lukewarm ac- ceptability to the same men who would a few wecks later recommend | him to the electorate. l 1924 Ghost Aroused. The 1924 convention, which event- | ually rejected the two most popular men in the party, Al Smith and Mr. McAdoo, and nominated John W | Davis instead, represented the climax | of disunity under the two-thirds rule | McAdoo and Smith were deadlocked to the eightieth ballot. Davis, whose only advantage was that he was every- HERE'S WHY HIRES IS S over the party. The President had the progressives by his policy: he had the machine by unprecedented pat- | ronage. Both groups were for him, though for different reasons. The | abrogation of the rule proved simply | that there has been no such personal control of the Democratic party since the day when it was founded. (Copyright. 1936.) FICIAL QUITS VIRGINIA OF . Harrisonburg Man New President of Board of Agriculture. Py the Astoctated Press RICHMOND, July 2—Resignation of W. W. Sproul of Staunton as pres- 1dent of the State Board of Agriculture was announced yesterday by Gov George C. Peery. Charles W. Wampler of Harrison- burg was named to fill the unexpired | term. . Wheat Acreage Up. ‘Wheat acreage in the Irish Free State is 20 per cent above 1935 IMITATION ROOT BEERS, This Changing World Europe Strikes Matches Around Powder Keg Without Real Doctor-Statesman About. BY CONSTANTINE BROWN. AILE SELASSIE knew he could expect nothing from the League of Nations when he took the stand Tuesday as prosecutor of the 52 nations which forced him to fight and then deserted him. The former Emperor did not mince his words when he told the blushing Anthony Eden that he could have come to a compromise with Mussolioi and tius kept his throne and a sort of independence for his country had it not been for the League, He trusted that organization and fought a desperate battle, con- vinced that 52 wations could not be bullied by one. BShrewd as he is, Selassie has no conception of what international politics have become in this chang- ing world. Neither can he imagine how amateurishly foreign affairs are conducted these days. Prime min- isters and foreign secretaries make commitments and use beautiful sentences in denouncing this or that. They feel quite safe in promising anything. If they can't fulfill their pledges, they resign and have no further responsibilities. Of course, there is not a single statesman in the world today at the head of the foreign departments of any country. Secretary Eden is a youngster whose only claim to glory was his age. William Pitt had been younger when he guided the destinies of the empire through the Napoleonic wars. And Edcn thought that history would repeat itself, regardless of the qualities of the brain. The new foreign secretary in Italy is still younger. I1 Duce's son- in-law, Cowit Ciano,”is just 32 years old. But he can do no harm, | because he is just his father-in-law's mouthplece. He writes what papa tells him to. s e Foreign ministers in Prance are of not much consequence becaucte they change so often. Yvon Delbos, who happens to be at the head of the Quai d'Orsay now, is an accident. He was as surprised as his friends to find himself there. And is most apologetic about it. Blum is actuaily the foreign minister. And he stands for sarctions. collective security through the League of Nations and so forth. But when a few weeks ago the representative of a Little Entente state asked him bluntly: “And how are you going to enforce these sanctions; where will you get the money and are you sure the country is going to follow you in a military adventure?” he became embarrassed and talked about the moral force of public opinion. In Germany, like in Italy, the question of who is at the head of the foreign ofice is of no consequence. Nominally Herr von Neurath is the chief. But he just signs orders to ambassa- dors. The actual head is Hitler and the chief adviser is young Von Ribbentrop. o s e ‘The German government is delighted with the new role it has assumed lately—that of the honest broker between Italy and Great Britain. The Germans—Huns, Boches and what other names they were called by the heads of the victorious nations— are today becoming the arbiters of Europe, Hitler has cleverly played with Mussolini, thus giving the impression of a common front between the two most militaristic nations on the continent. Then, he turned to the British and offered them to mediate between them and the Italians to settle that nasty Mediterranean inci- dent. The British were delighted. Not that they intend to have a definite solution of the problem. They will try and settle their score with Mussolini some time in the future But for the time being it suits their purpose to swallow their pride and reach a temporary agreement until they are fully prepared for war. Like all honest brokers, Hitler is asking for a small commission from both sides. The British might be able to pay by a “colonial settlement™ while the Italians are discussing now the division of the Danubian Basin into two zones of influence—Italian and German—giving the Reich the lion's share. COURT ACTION ORDERED |3 eve omcer sme arector” AGAINST BANK OFFICERS of 8imon E. Sobeloff, who received a $30.000 fee for his investigation of the | bank’s affairs, is one of the lawyers appointed to prosecute the suits. The others are Alexander Armstrong and | J. Purdon Wright. Another member of the counsel staff. Joseph C. France, | was relieved as a prosecutor because, | the court seaid, “he is not even half- heartedly in sympothy with the pres- ent prosecution.” Judge Tells Attorneys to Prose- cute Civil Suits in Balti- more Trust Failure. Ey the Associated Press. BALTIMORE, July 2—Judge Eu- gene O’Dunne ordered counsel for the | receivers of the defunct Baltimore . Trust Co. to “relentlessly Prosecute” Cigars are staging & comeback in | suits in law or equity against “each | Britain. oy o R s 1 e LOOK FOR THE HIRES Headline Folk and What They Do Dr. Boas Sees Hope for Race Despite Insanity Trend. BY LEMUEL F. PARTON. IFIY-THREE years ago Eski- mos aroused the interest cf Dr. Franz Boas in the human spe- The great anthropologist, one of the greatest in the world, stud- ied round heads and long heads, al- tically, b: { last the as- y of square heads has discour Columbia University after 41 years as professor of anthropology. Dr. Boas, who will be 78 years old on July 8, is a native of Westphalia, hon- ored by the old Germany and exc- | crated by the new. His books were among those burned when the | Nazis seized power, and throughout | Germany his writings were heaved out jof the libraries, down to the smalles’, | broc! That was because for 30 | years he has been the foe of what he | calls the “race myth.” | “The Nordic Nonsense” is the title | of one of his magazine articles. He | says there is really no such thing as race. Europe is a hodge-podge of many commingling strains. Environment is of first importance, racial superiority or inferiority dubious and elusive and without physical basis. Certain in- fe ies of Negroes are induced by environment rather than raclally in- bred. The Nietzschean “blond super- man” is a fake. There’s enough in- nate intelligence and decency in hu- | mankind to make a sane world, if we just get rid of racial animosities and superstitions, | Dr. Boas, graduated from Heidel- berg, Bonn and Kiel, went to Baffins | Bay in 1883, at the age of 25. His | year with the Eskimos started him on his career as an anthropologist. He attended the Chicago World's Fair in sioner for Germar d to Germany, riorit |and never retur It was few rumored Washington a ago that .. new Ambassa- be a certain wealthy 1an, who has ren- e to the administra- come off. In Italy, a spot of acute sensibilities just now, 11 be represented by Willlam Und retary of State, a ed diplomat, who, it is assured, will approach the delicate business of Ethiopian recognition with agacity. Finesse will be re- he administration still ellogg pact. under which is a Republican, four 3 ad of President Roosevelt at Harvard, of Locust Valley silk-stock- ing background. He has been in the diplomatic service 35 years, first as private secretary to 2 seph H. Choate at Lon | Dynamite Pits Hold Trees. may enjoy Reenen, Natal, has dynamited great pits in the hard rock and will plant 100 twigs which he has grown from | imported seedlings. In the pits werc placed soil sent trom the natural home | of the yellow-wood: