Evening Star Newspaper, July 1, 1936, Page 11

Lehman Race Hints Fear by New Deal But New Yorkers May Again Split Ticket and Reject Roosevelt. BY DAVID LAWRENCE. OV. LEHMAN'S decision to run for re-election in the Empire State is one of the strangest incidents in Amer- {can politics and it will be appraised not as the act of a man who is per- sonally anxious to serve again hut who has been persuaded to believe a crisis has arrived in his own political party in the Nation. If the election of President Roose- velt “were in the bag,” as Postmaster General Farley often has boast- ed, then the loss of New York State from the . Democratic col- | umn would hard- 1y be worth wor- Tying about. If, on the other : hand, President : Roosevelt needs New York State 80 badly that the pressure had to be put on Gov Lehman to re- avid Lawrence. verse his previous i decision, it must be that Mr. Roose- velt is not strong enough to carry New York and needs Lehman to pull him through. The political world recognizes a weakness like this very clearly. The demand for the New York Governor to run, which included a personal appeal from the President, is, of course, based on the ground that Gov. Lehman has made a good executive. But the letter from the President takes it for granted that no other Democrat besides Gov. Lehman could win the governorship this Fall. For Mr. Roosevelt writes that it would be unfortunate if the government of the State of New York fell into the hands of someone whose “heart isn't in the right place.” Jackson a Possibility. The natural query is why else in the Democi party can be depended upon to be ed Governor, and, if elected. to maintain the pol- nobody | fcies of the present Democratic ad- | ministration. While this correspondent has often differed with the publicly expressed views of Robert H. Jackson, at present &n assistant attorney general, who has been prominently mentioned for the governorship, it can be stated posi- tively that Jackson is an ardent New Dealer and that. &0 far as New Deal reformers are concerned. “‘his heart is in the right place” in the New Deal interpretation of that phrase. There are others, no doubt, in the Democratic party who would accept Mr. Roosevelt's concepts of reform, if not. indeed, his direct orders. Take James A. Farley, for instance, ' who would rather be Governor of New York than to hold his three Jobs—chairman of Democratic Na- tional Committee, chairman of Demo- cratic State Committee of New York and Postmaster General Nobody in Washington, certainly nobody in the New Deal, would as- sert for one moment that Jim Farley's heart isn't “in the right place.” Alarm Indicated. ‘The President expressed in his letter to Gov. Lehman a fear that various laws passed in the last four years in New York State, “would be replaced, weakened or enforced by people who had their tongues in their cheeks.” if Gov. Lehman were not Tenominated and re-elected. The conclusion to be drawn politi- cally is that Mr. Reosevelt was alarmed at the possibility that the loss | of Gov. Lehman would weaken the national ticket and that no other New Deal Democrat could even carry the governorship. This virtual confession coincides Wwith the prevailing belief among political observers that Mr. Roosevelt is not as strong in the Eastern States @5 he was four years ago. Incidentally, the idea of putting up & strong man for Governor doesn't always mean that the national ticket will win. too. In 1928, Alfred E. Smith was very anxious to carry New York State for the presidency, and he, too, realized how important it was to have a strong candidate for Governor on the ticket with him. So he likewise did some personal urging and the man he sought to persuade had strong personal reasons for not wishing to run for office, reasons of health. But Mr. Smith was effective and Franklin D. - Roosevelt agreed to run for Governor. Roosevelt Skimmed Through. In that year Mr. Smith lost the State by many hundreds of thousands of votes, but Mr. Roosevelt squeezed through and became Governor by' less than 25,000 majority. Mr. Roosevelt may or may not like to consider that phrase he em- ploved so frequently in his Jackson day address: “History repeats.” But many people would be reminded of what has happened in New York State &2ain and again, in fact, in :924, when & Republican President carried New York State, but Al Smith himself Was elected Governor by a big majority. Whatever the outcome .on the gov- erndrship, Mr. Roosevelt’s apprehen- &ion about Gov. Lehman reveals that New York State is not “in the bag,” but debatable ground. (Copyright 1936.) UNIVERSITY SHOP’S ""Personalized”’ Budget Plan No longer is it necessary to buy only one or two articles, and all cash. On our “Pérson- Budget Plan, you ean ALL the clothing and ac- cessories vou meed. and spread the pavments to suit your re- quirements. Manhattan Shirts Pajamas and Sportswear Mansco Underwear Wickie Bathing Suits Interwoven Hose Trojan Neckwear Hickok Belts Camelot Clothes GGG Clothes THE. EVENING STAR, WASHINGTON, D. C., WEDNESDAY, JULY 1, 1836. Behind the News Pay Rolls and Employment Lag as Manufacturing ?—lits Approximate Normal Stride. BY PAUL MALLON. OR the last three months manufacturing has been about normal. But it has employed only 85 per cent of its norma) number of people and paid them only 78 per cent of the normal wage. At the same time, the workers found living expenses only 79 per cent of normal, so they broke about even. Their wage, expressed in pure chasing power, is normal. The important impairment in the eristing factory situation, therefore, would seem to be the unemployment 15 per cent and what to do about it. Nothing very effective has been donme in the last year. Absorption of workers by factories has been slow. approrimately 3 per cent more are employed mow than the average for last year. But the average of production is 10 per cent better. It raises the question of how much more industrial improvement will be mecessary to take up the idle or departed 15 per cent, The figures are from official Government agencies. The production figure, however, is compiled by the Federal Reserve Board from fewer fac- tories than the employment and pay roll figures collected by another Gov- ernment department, the Bureau of Labor Statistics. Hence the com- parison is not statistically flawless, although fundamentally it describes the situation more or less accurately. You can gauge the situation for yourself from the following monthly chart. In it the years 1923, '24 and '25 equal 100, except for the price index, which is based on 1926 as 100. The figures, except pay rolls, are adjusted for seasonal variations. x ok Kk Pay- rolls Pri Load- ings Dept Store Sales Year Indus- trial Pro- duction Fac- tory Employ~ ment, Blds. C tracts Whole .~ sale P (1926 Equals 100) average__ 108 3 31 average _ 3 average _ averaze_ average January February... 1088 1001 i £13 117 3 If you will look behind the figures into specific lines of industries you will make more discoveries. Take steel, which has shown such remarkable improvement lately. The steel output for April was 100 and for May 105, while employment in the industry for those two months was 77.9 and 80 respectively, Take autos. The auto output was 124 in April and 118 in May, employment 108 and 104.6. In other words, production is stepping up faster than employment, and the recovery of certain industries has not brought normal employment in them. Most notable example, of course, is tobacco. It was producing on & 145 per cent basis in May, but employment was on a 57 per cent basis. The apparent cause of the disparity,.of course, is the efficiency improvement in production methods perfected in industry in the last 10 years. Many such improvements were made before 1929. No one has a very good line on what particular business the bonus has helped, or how much. Various estimates put out by the veteran organizations were for the purpose HERES of promoting sentiment for the B bonus. The actual expenditure will not necessarily flow into those lines. All that the authorities here know is that retail sales are being stimu- lated noticeably, many old debts are being paid and automobile sales are continuing at an unusually high rate. Nevertheless, the best guess is that the next 60 days will witness the usual Summer slump of most lines. Industrial production may drop down somewhere between 90 and 95. e Major worry of the New Deal business makers is the drought. Behind their hasty relief activities are the political considerations which will necessarily guide all governmental moves until November. In other words, utmost Federal relief may be expected. Their perscnal opinions vary widely as to how serious the situatio The consensus among the New n will prove to be. Deal rail sitters is that President Roosevelt's acceptance speech was a shrewd political document, but must not be read too literally. strong espousal of the anti-monopoly political foresight than economic inte; his New Deal associates. What the speech meant to them The idea that it means abandonment of the New Deal economic theories of former yvears is nct widely accepted. His theory, for instance, reflects more ntion. At least, this is the view of was that the President chose to use the arguments of his political opponents to advance his own cause. They think that is smart politics. If he has changed his purpose one whit, no one here has yet received any orders to that effect. (Copyrigh t. 1936.) {Y.W.C.A. TO OPEN SERIES | (OF SUMMER ACTIVITIES | Program of “Camp Stay-at-Home" Gets Under Way To- day. The seventh season of “Camp-Stay- at-Home,” Summer program of the | Girl Reserve Department of the Y. C. A. for schoolgirls who spend the Summer in the city, begins today. | | Activities will inclvde swimming, tennis, dramatics, music, hand- craft, sewing and cooking. to be car- | ried on* at the “Y" Building, Seven- teenth and K streets, under the di- rection of Mabel Cook. Girl Reserve | executive: Katherine Burnett and Mrs. Ethel Wills and a staff of 16 college counsellors. This year senior high boys have been invited to share the activities as an outgrowth of the Winter danc- ing classes for boys and girls, which Friday evening at Members of this mixed rec- reation group asked to be included | in the Summer program, and special | ORDER NOW FOR A Marvelous ous flavor—its “melt- for a really good cake. Friday to your home. Be Sure You Order —for over the 4th. Ro deliveries on WHEELS, right to your door. Quality Bakery Products Dutch Baker's Chocolate } No cake equals the popularity of CHOCOLATE . . CRUSHED NUTS, and you have o cake that tops them all. delicious chocolate nut layer cake, with rich creamy filling, topped with chocolate icing and crushed nuts. And with the holiday here, you'll want :ne, perhaps two of these fine cakes. classes have been arranged for them One of the features is the cooking which outdoor dishes suitable for hunting, hikes or camp trips will be taught. The girls’ cooking class will specialize in party menus, buffet sup- pers and table decorations. Jobless Drop in Germany. With the coming of Spring this year Germany’s unemployed army de- W. | creased 577.800 in one month. Taking the CIVIL SERVICE EXAM? we deliver at McKinley High Bunkum Mars Air News of Conventions Radio Has Lesson to Learn in Reporting on Politics. BY MARK SULLIVAN, EFORE the Democratic and Republican Conventions fade from our minds, there are les- sons we should take account of. A minor one has to do with the impression made on the country by the radio. Mrs. Alice Roosevelt Longworth, reporting the last week's conven- tion, wrote: “In my hotel room I sometimes listen to the convention on the radio. € om m entators, apparently breathless with excitement, strain their vocabula- ries to paint word pictures of what they are pleased to call the his- toric proceedings. Fearing that I am missing a high point, I hasten to the hall. There I find some stodgy individual chanting a litany of the New Deal while thousands of specta- tors and delegates are strolling about or catching up on much-needed sleep. The radio audience gets a fantastically distorted presentation of what is ac- tually going on.” This opinion was, I think, general among reporters at the convention— that is among reporters who write, especially those with experience. Wil- liam Allen White saw the event as “a most undramatic performance.” He saw much of the proceedings as “high- ly conventionalized . . . archaic sym= bolism, pure bunkum.” He saw much of the applause and the marching in the aisles as “less and less spontaneous, more and more phony each year.” Farley Reads Tabloid. The radio descriptions gave the im- pression of drama, tension, of a great crowd deeply stirred. The facts were quite the contrary. During Senator Robinson's delivery of his address as permanent chairman, supposed to be a solemn and moving keynote of a great party, the national chairman of the party, Postmaster General Fare ley, sitting in a conspi on the stage, seen by all the delegates and all the galler: was turning the pages of a tablold newspaper, with a pleased smile at what one took to be some photographs of himself. One could forgive him—he had had to listen to a lot of political oratory. During that same address a strange interloper, Dr. Townsend, entered the hall and found a seat among the newspaper men, in front of the stage About the $200-a-month-for-the-old leader, to see if there was news in his presence and to ask him questions, gathered rather more reporters than were listening to Senator Robinson. Merely to mention the contrast be- tween actuality and the radio accounts is hardly worth while, unless some- thing can be said that is of value. The Mark Sullivan | lesson, it seems to me, is that the two groups concerned—public men and the | radio reporters who describe public men and their performances—ought to avold increasing the amount of bunk in the world. Seams Now Exposed. T have thought for some while that | of the developments which ac- class for boys, held on request, at one. P counts for some of the phenomena of our times is the increased access of the public to the area we used to speak of as “behind the scenes.” There isn't any “behind the scenes” any more. Through the radio and the motion picture, the public has more and more Tables” and Typewriters Both sl : 2 5 For ®Regulation. individual, mew tables. Not neh! ot merely @ place at @ be United Typewriter Co.' Phone NA. 6063 for Reservation TIL 10 813 14th St. OPENINTIL NO DELIVERIES SATURDAY, JULY 4th, DELIVERY FRIDAY Cake Value! Nut Layer Cake! 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Rock. 188 Masreriows, Vo Fom's Brook 37708 fl uous position | opportunity to peer behind the altars of all sorts of institutions. The people are permitted to see the seams of plas- ter on the reverse side of the veneer. This, in some cases, makes for disillu- sion; it leads to a break-down of sym- bolism. And in the management of all institutions symbols are impor- tant. Man’s reliance upon symbols is one of the things that keeps the or- ganized world a going concern. Since the radio and the mbdtion pic- ture are the principal mechanisms through which man gets his new peek behind the altars, those who operate the mechanisms ought to be careful not to give material for disiilusion and cynicism. They ought not to describe as dramatic that which in fact is not dramatic, nor otherwise give justifica- tion for Mrs. Longworth's complaint that “the radio audience gets a fan- tastically distorted presentation.” Symbols Inevitable. America has solemn business before it—more solemn than many yet know. ‘We must carry it on through men and institutions. Both the men and the institutions must become symbols— that is inevitable. And there should be no difference between the man and the symbol, between what the man is and what the country symbolizes him as. It is imperative that we have men as to whom there is no difference be- tween actuality and seeming, between the actual man and the picture the Ppublic gets of him. So far as we have such men, we must preserve them, and we must find new ones. And it is de- sirable that the lens through which the man is seen—the motion picture and the radio—should not create dis- | tortion. They should not distort him either unfavorably or favorably. It is no kindness to a man, or an institu- | tion, to create an impression of him to which he cannot live up. That way | lies ultimate humiliation for the man | and disillusion for the public, Failure to live up to expectations, whether created by oneself or by one's too gen- erous friends, is a frequent cause of tragedy among public men. ‘The blame is put by Mrs. Long- worth on the radio “commentators.” A more discriminating terminology might say there are two classes of professional radio men. The word “commentator” would be properly ap- plied to those who give interpretation of the news, regularly or occasionally. To these, as a class, I doubt if Mrs. Longworth's criticism applies. Some of them seem to me good; othkrs less s0. Radio Reporters Guilty. The class which Mrs. Longworth really has in mind, I think, are the radio reporters. They are the young | men—at least they sound as if they were very young—who give descrip- | tions of events minute by minute as they happen. Some of these are good. But as to some others, their | main concern seems to be to make the public think the event they are de- | scribing is dramatic, breath-taking, | world-beating, history-making, the | most momentous that ever occurred | on land or sea or either. They were much the same at the Republican convention; they are so at all sorts of events. Their artificial exaltations, their faked breathlessness, their simulated excitement must seem as “phony” to the mass of radio lis- | teners as they do to the one who is | here writing. I suspect most of them must have begun as cheer leaders at college and passed from that to Holly- wood One imagines their first radio ex- ! perience must have been reporting a heavyweight prize fight, from which they acquired a technique that would now give the same round-by-round alternation of right-punch left-punch to a political convention or 2 church synod. One of these days they will have real drama to describe and they will find themselves with only a lot of used adjectives on hand, (Copyright, 1936.) Testing Baby's Bath. | What would the young mother of | today say to the legendary method of measuring baby's bath water? “I pops the blessed bairn in and if it's | too cold he turns blue, and if it's too hot he turns red!” NICK BOMBARD. INC. 1121 Florida Ave. N.E. At. 4305 PEARSON & GLADNEY, INC. 1202 King St. Alex. 3180 Alexandria. Va. JORDAN & HUDSON 3527 3ath Bt r. = ""igé.l,?uldn GARAGE™ 7% Thumon! .&m,! - rmont 92 Walderf, Nd. 20-7-1% Dixie Politically Restless South Feels That Democrats Have Inflicted Injury, But Gropes to Find Pain. BY CARLISLE BARGERON. \HOSE stars that fell over Alabama are burning right bright all over the South these hot Summer nights, but underneath, there is a political unrest akir® to that which followed the Democrats’ con- clave in Houston in 1928. Whether it will amount to serious pro- portions is something the Democratic managers insist they are not the slightest concerned about, but the Republicans are watching it very care- fully, indeed. It figures in John Hamilton’s boastful statement that he concedes only six States to Mr. Roosevelt, Insofar as the professed attitude of the Democratic managers is concerned, they shared the same cockiness this time of the campaign eight years ago. That there is restlessness, how- ever, is reflected among the editors and it was pronounced among the Southern delegates at Fhiladelphia. The impression is that the South is doing some tall thinking. It feels that something is being done to it, but it doesn’t exactly know yet what it is. ‘This situation was largely re- 5 ! — sponsible for the fight made at Philadelphia against the abolition of the two-thirds rule. The logic was clear, and so recognized by many Southern leaders, that instead of giving the South the veto power in the selection of party presidential candidates, the rule had work®d in the past 20 years, anyway, against its choices. But nevertheless, it had stood as a symbol of the South’s influence in party affairs and the attitude of a lot of delegates was that its repeal would be unnecessarily disturbing. As one particularly keen delegate puts 1t “There’s a lot of wondertng down there anyhow about what is going on—these attacks on the Supreme Court, this business about a centralized Federal authority, about the Tug- wells and Frankfurters. So far, there's been no ome thing to jolt them. They think something is being dome to them. If they repeal this two-thirds rule they are liable to wake up and say ‘that’s it.”” The truth of it is that the Bourbon South is being caught on the sidelines as the great social reform parade passes by. It seems to be caught between the Middle Western culture symbolized by the new Re- publican movement and the intellectual movement of the East. Regard- less of which wins in November, it would seem it is in for many things it doesn’t like. s e o The South is coming to know definitely that the Democracy it has known in the past is gone. From this point it gropes confusedly. The party it had looked to and stood by through all the years to break up the great concentrations of economic power, it finds seeking to add concentra- tion of political power, instead. It sees a party it has despised champion- ing states’ rights and promising to break up monopoly. It sees its own party cultivating elements against which it has always been deeply preju- diced, socially and politically. The present administration has not forgotten the South in bounty and patronage as has been the complaint against past Democratic admin- istrations. Roosevelt has poured far more money into the South than did Woodrow Wilson. Of course, he has had more to pour. But advanced political elements in the South, in sceking to build up a two-party system, in the past have aluways used the argument that even Democratic administrations neglected it because it could be counted upon to remain Democratic. It has not been neglected in the Roosevelt largess, however. There are Southerners ull over Washington in high places of Govern- ment and the South has gotten its share of the money that has been poured out. On the other hand, agitators have gone into the South as an accom- paniment of the New Deal if not a concomitant. Its whole social attitude is being subjected to attack. “There are & lot of things going on that we don't like,” the Southern- ers say. “ e The question is whether they will do anything about it. Some Southern ed:tors, those of the Macon Telegraph, the Lynchburg News, the Charles- ton News and Courier, the Longview Tex., paper. have been doing plenty about it. Others are still groping There hasn’t come any head to the restlessness yet, however. Nei- ther was there one at this time of the campaign eight years ago. Bu there will be Republican money in & the South—not National Committee money but Republican money just L the same. Then we shall see what we shall see. This much-is sure—there was no enthusiasm ahout cither the Southern editors or delegates at Philadelphia. might be summed up by this episode. The Longview e: Carl Estes, was proclaiming very determinedly one night that “under no circumstances will I support Franklin Delano Roosevelt.” : things amonz The situatior Reich Railway Offers Fund Source System Has Small Debt. Government Will Take Roads. BY WILLIAM H. STONEMAN, BERLIN, Germany, July 1.—A new scheme for the extraction of blood from the German financial turnip is seen in the decision of the German government to take over control of the state railways from the semi-private corporation which has opera‘ed them since the Dawes plan went into effect | 12 years ago. Unlike most other railway systems in the world, the German Reichshahn is relatively free of debt and man- ages to cover its operating expepses with receipts. Inflation practically erased the debt accumulated by the German lines during pre-war days, when they were owned by the various German states. Likewise the burden of 11,000,000.- . 000 marks in first-mortgage bonds | which they assumed in connection | with the Dawes plan was canceled | by the Young plan in return for their undertaking to pay a fixed contribu- | tion of 660,000,000 marks annually to- ward reparations. Only Loan Last December, Finally this obligation, in turn, was annulled by the Lausanne Conferen of 1932. Their only funded debt of any importance was incurred by the flotation of a 500,000,000-mark bond | issue last December, 400.000.000 m: of the proceeds being devoted to the construction of automobile roads | Their receipts exceeded operating | costs by about 135,000.000 marks in | 1935. While the transfer of control of the state will be little more than a for- mality, it will facilitate the use of the railways as security for government |loan operations, and undoubtedly has that purpose in view, Virtually all the stock of the Reichs- bank now is in the hands either of the government or of the Reichsbank it- self, and foreign security holders will not be greatly affected. It is estimated | that only about 100,000,000 marks of the 375,000,000 in preferred stock sold in the open market are held abroad. and the interest, which is fixed at 7 per cent, wi bab p continue to be paid into blocked acc ts Fund Extraction Problem. The problem of extracting funds | from German institutions and German public for the consclidation | of the short-term debts incurred for government expenditures and public works, continues to be the first prob- lem of the German authorities, far radowing the more spectacular political problems confronting Reichs- fuehrer Adolf Hitler and his aides Failure of the government to throw its books open to the public has enl: served to strengthen the suspicion that things are going from bad to worse and that extra measures are required to tion For the present Reichsbank will continue its policy of forcing the public and private er ises to sub- scribe all available consolidation issues. increase in tax: be necessary, and the man in the street may be forced to sul o forced loans e forced on the public Later a sizable Others present were agreeing with his sentiments but insisting thas | “we will straighten things out within the party.” To which he replied: “When?" Justification of Property. 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