Evening Star Newspaper, November 27, 1935, Page 8

" A8 —THE EVENING STAR With Sunday Morning Edition, WASHINGTON, D. C. 'WEDNESDAY ........November 27, 1935 —_— e THEODORE W. NOYES...........Editor e The Evening Star Newspaper Company. Business Office: ve. Burooacs Smon 14 Hebent bt London. Ensland. Rate by Carrier Within the City. Regular Edition. -45c per month -60¢ per montk. r month C Der copy -70¢ per month 5¢ per month of each month. or telephone Na- gllgc g‘nfll 'spzd Sunday Sta: R eilection mads a the end Orders may be sent by mail tlonal 5000. Rate by Mail—Payable in Advance. e nday’ ol Member of the Assoclated Press. The Associated Press is exclusively entitled to the use for republication of sll news dispatches eredited to it or not otherwise credited in this paper and also the local news published herein. 1l rights of publication of special dispatches erein are also reserved. — ‘America Stands Pat. In the face of indications that leading League powers are crawfishing about sanctions against Italy, the State De-’ partment has seen fit to affirm that there 15 no recession in the American attitude toward the war in Africa. Measures adopted, alike to maintain neutrality and to restrain trade in “essential war mate- rials,” are not to be relaxed. To this program the Washington Government will resolutely adhere, regardless of League pussyfooting, as manifested by sudden postponement of sanctions affect- ing oil, steel, cotton, copper and iron. Geneva was to move at once to include these commodities in the supplies with- held from Italy under export embargoes, but because of British and French polit- ical exigencies—notably Premier Laval's parliamentary crisis—it was decided to put off the question for the time being. The ostensible reason is that delay may facilitate certain behind-the-scenes peace negotiations in London, Paris and Rome. Mussolini’s threat that an oil embargo %“would mean war” may also have had ® certain restraining effect. The United States, having initiated its neutrality and trade policy independently of the League or other governments, will follow its own course, irrespective of what Europe does or does not do. Action in Washington from the outset has been characterized by that method. Congress voted an embargo on “implements of war,” applicable to all belligerents, weeks before the League came to grips with the African conflict. The United States’ defi- nition of “implements of war” practically was adopted by the League when sanc- tions later were formulated. Without in wny respect identifying itself with Geneva's measures the United States on its own account and initiative proceeded step by step to do its part to enforce peace by a series of appeals and admoni- tions to American business not to pro- long hostilities by supplying either bellig- erent with war materials. Criticism has been heard this week to the effect that League inaction, especial- iy respecting oil, has “left America out on a limb"—maneuvered into the posi- tion of declaring single-handed a vital economic boycott against Mussolini. Be that as it may, the administration has properly determined to pursye its formu- lated course. The American attitude of frowning upon “blood money,” in the form of war profits, will undergo no basic change. The only inkling of alteration is that ordinary commerce with the belligerents will not be halted. The moral suasion the Government would exercise is to Bpply only to abnormal trade, such as the swollen volume of oil and other sinews Italy has obtained here for prose- eution of her campaign. Otherwise the United States will continue to do its utmost, within the Government’s powers, to bring peace by shutting off war sup- plies. In sticking consistently to that pur- pose, despite the machinations and shilly- shallying of the League, the administra- tion will not lack widespread support of its policy. That policy is to mitigate the chance of American involvement in the war, to abstain from prolonging it and to avoid profiting from it while it lasts. | The three R's, reading, 'riting and ’rith= Imetic, were enough for basic education. The underworld has complicated condi- tions with another—racketeering. Every diplomat knows that the best Wway to manage a war is not to allow it to happen. Sarah Josepha Hale. The name of Sarah Josepha Hale, it seems, deserves to be writ large and per- manently in American history. Yet to the present generation it is almost totally unknown. Prcbably the explanation is that women as a class have accomplished 50 many remarkable things in recent years that it no longer is considered marvelous for a woman to achieve emi- ence. But, be that as it may, Mrs. Hale cer- Bainly earned greater and more durable fame than she is being accorded. She was a person of distinguished gifts, de- Noted enthusiasms, firm convictions and wide influence. Almost without excep- Eion the enterprises she initiated were of high constructive value, It was part of her genius to realize that social changes can be instituted successfully only through the home. Beginning with faith that desirable reforms are feasible if so sponsored, she taught a pattern and a method of progress which have had rev- plutionary effect in the life of her country. ‘The span of Mrs. Hale’s career extended from 1788 to 1879. Thus it embraced the pgr}odwhenthemenl'flmonvubfinl Sounded and correlated. She was fortu- patd in the circumstance of her time, but ffor the power which made it possible for ber to use her opportunities to their best Id!'inhze 1t 1s necessary to examine the ¥ THE EVENING STAR, WASHINGTON, forces which were innate in her own soul. The daughter of a Revolutionary soldier, she was born on & New Hampshire farm and remained in a rural environment until she was forty years of age. Her education was the work of her mother, her brother and herself. The accident which brought her into public affairs was the sudden death of her husband, in 1822. With five children to support, she turned to writing as a profession. From 1828 to 1837 she edited the Ladies’ Magazine at Boston; then, from the last- named date until 1877, she was lterary editor of Godey's Lady's Book. The im- pact of the two periodicals upon the feminine mind of the Nation was com= pelling. It set the standards, dictated the pattern of American womanhood. In morals and manners, the arts and sciences, all the cultural and sociological fields of effort, it blazed a trail which millions of people, perhaps unconsciously, still are following. But why notice Mrs. Hale just now? In answer to that question a fragment of the basic chronicle of the United States may be cited. It is this: From George Washington's proclamation in 1789 until Abraham Lincoln’s in 1863 there was no national Thanksgiving. The annual ex- pression of gratitude to Providence was revived through Mrs. Hale's intercession. It was a campaign which she started in 1846 that resurrected the custom. The Taxing Power, Chairman Fletcher of the Republican National Committee sounds a new note in the political campaign of 1936, already under way. He asks the people to repudiate—and defeat—the Democratic Congress which gave to President Frank- lin D. Roosevelt powers which under the Constitution were to be exercised solely by the legislative branch, particularly the taxing power. The Republican chairman would hold the Democratic House of Representatiyes particularly responsible for the abdication of power and place the blame on that body equally with the Chief Executive. There is something in the argument. It is no excuse for the Congress to say that it was led by a dominating executive into passing uncon- stitutional laws; for Congress to play Adam to the Roosevelt Eve. If Roosevelt was the tempter, the blame for any wrong-doing, any tampering with the liberties of the people, any increased bur- dens laid upon them must fall equally upon & Congress that ylelded and neglected its own duties. Taking as his text the Guffey coal act, which seeks through the power of taxa- tion to place the soft coal industry under the control of the Federal Government, Mr. Fletcher points out that here is an effort to do by indirection what the Supreme Court has ruled cannot be done directly. For the Guffey coal act uses the power of taxation to compel the set- up of an N. R. A. code for the coal in- dustry. If, says Mr. Fletcher, the tax- ing power can be used by the Federal Government to control one industry it can be used to control all industries. And sooner or later it will be so used. The consequent curtailment of the lib- erties of the people and political dom- ination of their lives will be effective and devastating—although perhaps in line with the “planned economy” of the New Deal. The power to tax the people, said John Marshall, great Chief Justice in the past, is the power to destroy the people. Al- ready the New Dealers have shown an inclination to use this power to bring about the objectives which they have in mind for the American people. This power was by the Constitution placed particularly in the hands of the most popular branch of the national legis- lature. The right to initiate taxes lies in the hands of the House of Repre- sentatives, which every two years is elected by the people. Mr. Fletcher's complaint is that this body has per- mitted the Chief Executive to write the tax laws and in some instances to im- pose the taxes. The Guffey coal act is not the only New Deal measure which has levied taxes. The A. A. A. is another example of what may be done along that line, with its processing taxes—taking from the consumer money to be paid di- rectly through Government checks to the farmers for not producing crops. The Republican chairman wisely points out that the Constitution and the Su- preme Court cannot hold out forever against incursions by Congress and the Executive upon the liberties of the Amer- ican people. The people themselves must bear a hand in the fight. And the people themselves, by their votes, can either toss a New Deal Congress into the dis- card or place it again in power. B Some press agent is remiss. The midget who sat on J. P. Morgan’s knee has not had nearly the prominence which good showmanship would automatically award her. Conquest of Ethiopia is regarded by some diplomatists as having the signif- icance of capturing a pawn on a very large chess board. A Juvenile Phenomenon. A boy of seven was recently taken by his father before Mayor La Guardia in New York City for a demonstration of & remarkable power akin to “mind read- ing.” The purpose of the visit was to secure a permit for the lad to appear in places of public entertainment. He was plied with questions, to which he gave more or less prompt replies, showing an amazing facility for either guessing or in some mysterious manner divining the answers. From the standpoint of the amusement stage he qualified and the Mayor granted the requested permit. ‘The requirement of an official permit in such a case is a necessary precaution against the improper exploitation of a child. Whether in this case the lad possesses a genuine gift for guessing or mental “seeing” or is simply coached to respond to a shrewd system of cues through the questions asked, he undoubt- edly is an unusual child, perhaps excep- tionally psychic, perhaps merely remark- ably bright, attentive and alert. ‘What is the future of such a.boy? If A he possesses a genuine gift of divination and retains it in later life he holds a great potentiality for success in any line of activity. But it is not assured that this boy, granted that he has a real power of interpretation and mental vision, will retain it through adolescence and Into his maturity. Such remarkable facul- ties have been known in the past to fade and disappear, being simply juvenile pre- cocities that pass with physical and men- tal development. If they are retained the child grows into the stature of a gentus. The exploitation of such a child is harmful to him, even dangerous. Profes- sionalism is always apt to induce trickery to eke out or to add to the “show.” ‘Wisely conceived laws prohibit the undue utilization of juvenile talents on the stage, in any line, in order that the little folks may be protected and given a nor- mal chance for education and physical and mental development. This little boy, who now goes on the boards under lim- itations as to hours and frequency, may earn enough to provide a fund for his proper education along normal, useful lines if his earnings are not all taken by his seniors for their own use, — e Brazil, with an insurrection on hand, waits to see whether the demonstration will be historically designated as a series of local disorders or a revolution. In the meantime school book publishers are not being encouraged to take sides in the matter, ——— e As a discerning statesman Mussolini might have been seriously impressed by the mere suggestion of a “boycott.” There is no politician, great or small, who does not eventually recognize the value of an element of popularity in his business. ——t——————— The old Roman baths were examples of splendid luxury; not at all like the Ethiopian mud baths now coming into attention. They, too, may eventually demonstrate some kind ‘of remedial effect. The elaborate film production of “Mid- summer Night's Dream” gives contro- versy as to Shakespearean authorship a breathing spell and concentrates on Max Reinhart as the man with the big ideas for a modern interpretation. ———————— A radio set is now referred to as a musical instrument, as was the phono- graph at the height of its popularity. Both have recalled that an indifferent performer can play a rather poor tune even on a Stradivarius, —_——————————— A facetious tendency in a political speech is always appreciated. Many peo- ple are frank in admitting that they miss Al Smith from the “raddio.” —_— e “The China Clipper comes along about Christmas time with what is hoped will be a chance to figure as an ambassador of peace and good will. e Canada and these United States have succeeded for many years in regulating diplomatic relations with the simple formula, “Be a good neighbor.” SEE Shooting Stars. BY PHILANDER JOHNSON. % Sure to Be Enforced. If traffic signals you ignore Upon your daily journey, Be sure they1l have you up before A cruel state’s attorney. In motoring, the perils met— Also in aviation— Offer the warning, “Don't forget The law of gravitation!” Be sure it's going to operate ‘With promptness and precision. No quibblers ever lie in wait ‘To offer it derision. The topmost brick will have to fall, However high its station. One law is certain, after all— The law of gravitation. Elaborate Forgiveness. “What will your next speech be about?” “Forgiveness,” said Senator Sorghum. “I'm going to forgive all my political enemies. But first I'm going to show what an immense amount of forgiveness their mistakes require.” Jud Tunkins says communism is some- thing he can't understand; and if it's something you have to learn by experi- ence, he doesn’t want to take a chance. Ships. I do not sit upon the shore To walt until my ship comes in. I turn unto the sky once more, ‘Where airplanes dive or sail or spin. Upon the shore I do not sit And listen to the waves that splash. My ship’s an airplane fine and fit. I'm hoping that it doesn't crash. —_— Rugged Simplicity. “How are the roads around Crimson Gulch?” “Bad,” answered Mesa Bill. “Why don’t you apply for Government funds to fix 'em?”- “We can settle our own local arguments better if we don’t create facilities for tacketeers to come along with high- power machines and mix in”> Rude Awakening. ©Oh, what a pleasant little dream, ‘When Mussolini, smiling, Came with an operatic theme From Verdi, so beguiling. And when Selassie gave a show That set the heart strings humming, And to the air of “Old Black Joe” Kept the old banjo strumming. How sadly ends the dream so sweet! A sound of distant battle Is echoed with dismay complete In the alarm clock’s rattle, “I heard ‘bout & man who cast pearls before swine,” said Uncle Eben. “De loss of de jewelry didn't make so much dif- ference, to my imagination, as de fact dat hungry folks found some mighty valusble pork chops ruined.” How Best to Interpret . . Communism “Teaching.” To the Editor of The Star: Communism is now the governmental policy of the U. 8. 8. R, the Russian Soviet Republic. This national entity embraces all the Russias, with a popula- tion of some 150,000,000 and the largest standing army in the world, nearly 1,000,000 men. It is a military oligarchy of the proletariat, ruthless and cruel in the imposition and maintenance of its rule. The organization within this oligarchy whose mission is to keep the flame of communism at a° white heat and spread its doctrine is the Third In- ternational. of this are also officers in the Soviet government—the directorates are inter- locking. The avowed aim of the Third International is the overthrow of the co-called capitalistic governments of the world, one of which is the United States of America, and the establishment of the dictatorship of the proletariat upon their ruins, What, now, was the broad intent of Congress when it enacted that com- munism should not be taught or advo= cated in the public schools of the Dis- trict? Could it have had primarily in mind the exclusion of the indorsement and advocacy of communism, of the pro- fessed and active attempt to undermine and overthrow our Government? Is it rational to believe that our National Legislature feared the public schools might actually favor such an attack upon the organic fundamentals of our Gove~ ernment? That its primary considera= tion was to shut out the advocacy of communism? Such a conception is pre= posterous; the mere statement constitutes a reductio ad absurdum. What, then, was the broad aim and purpose of this legislation? Evidently it was to preclude any instruction that might, whether in- tentional or not, leave the slightest doubt upon immature minds of the character and purpose of this onslaught upon our free and democratic institutions; to ex= clude the possibility of any misguided, colorless, partial presentation of the sub= ject that concealed or omitted the dam= nable fact that as to free government communism is a heresy. In a republic the only patriotic, sensible, rational method to “teach” communism is to con= demn it utterly, root and branch. Any other “factual” teaching is what the Congress sought to exclude. Finally, under this head, to justify factual instruction our Board of Educa- tion must in the said act construe “teach- ing” as synonymous with “advocating.” Were this construction intended the act would have used the conjunctive instead of the disjunctive, would have been worded “teaching and advocating” in- stead of “teaching or advocating.” Two things, then, are forbidden by the act. Teaching is prohibited, for the reasons above given, and carries the main intent of Congress, and advocating is also pro- hibited as a matter entirely secondary and of course—unless it is contended that our national legislature feared the open advocacy in the schools of its own aboli- tion. In my humble opinion, no one believing in or favoring communism as practiced, which openly advocates and pursues by fair means and foul the overthrow of our Government, should teach in any department of our public schools. And no one is fitted to be superintendent of such schools who assumes the attitude and pursues the course that Mr. Ballou has assumed and pursued. WILLIAM L. HILLYER. Name of Luray, Va., CHPEE . A Derivative of Lorrain To the Editor of The Star: Mispronunciations are indeed persist- ent, but not less 50 are erroneous deriva- tions, According to the most reliable tradi- tions, Luray was named by William Staige Marye, a brother-in-law of Isaac Ruffner, the owner of the land on which the town was situated. Hawksbill Creek, on which Luray stands, anciently had also another name—Lorrain Run. Marye drew the name Luray from Lorrain. Both names—Hawksbill and Lorrain Run—are inscribed in two old deeds, dated, respectively, in 1734 and 1737, the first being from Francis Thornton to Joseph Stonman, the second from Ston- man to Peter Ruffner, Isaac Ruffner’s father. In 1812, the year of Luray’s birth, there were two thriving towns on the Hawks- bill only 2 miles or so apart—Blackford’s Furnace, below, and Mundellsville, above, the present town. Formation of a new county between the Blue Ridge and the Massanutten Mountains was in the air. Mr. Marye, a merchant at Mundellsville and perhaps the most eminent man in the community, was gifted with taste for the picturesque and good judgment, He persuaded his relative to devote the high land between the two towns to residential purposes, Ruffner agreeing because the land was “too steep to plow.” It is said that Marye drafted the act for establishing the town in which the name Luray first appeared in print in Febru- ary, 1812. Being something of a poet— he wrote a collection of sacred songs— Marye simply softened Lorrain into Luray and created a euphony so pleas- ing that immigrating families from Page County gave the name Luray,to thelr new towns in Ohio, Illinois and Mis- souri, a visitor to the Luray Caverns planted the name in South Carolina, and ‘even a German soldier, captured in one of Maj. Harry Gilmore’s raids, named his Kansas town Luray. In course of time the idea grew up that “Lorrain, an old name of the Hawks- bill,” was an Indian name meaning “crooked waters.” But the ethnologists of the Smithsonian Institution know of no Indian word similar to Lorrain. Hence, it seems most unlikely that Adam Miller originated the name Lorrain Run. He settled near it in 1726. His Euro- pean birthplace and later home were both near the border of the Province of Lorraine, . The recent story that Luray derived its name “from Lewis Rainey, an old set- tler,” is without foundation. Luray was a planned town, laid out on untenanted flelds on both sides of the Hawksbill, and its name was written as Luray in the legislative act nearly six months be- fore the site was s At the first lot sale, in September, 1812, Rainey bought a lot and was enterprising enough to erect on it the first building in Luray, a combination dwelling and blacksmith shop. The achievement was commend- able, but the town was not named for or from him. A. V. S. MILBOURNE. Charles Town, W. Va. that number almost every day. Preventives. Prom the Pasadena (Callf.) Post, The Next Big Movie. Prom the Boston Transcript, D. C, WEDNESDAY, Most of the high officials | NOVEMBER 27, 1935. BY CHARLES E. TRACEWELL, How do you tell the expert from the ;fnur-fllnhlr," the real thing from the ake? There are some exceptions, but in the main the best test is quietness. The genuine expert, the man who , in any line, never finds it neces- talk loudy in expressing his views. ere is no inner compulsion on by himself to bolster his own faith in himself, That is the point where the faker usually shows himself for what he is. If some one is telling you something, both of his knowledge. If, at the same time, he finds it neces- sary to “run down” the knowledge.of some one else, be more suspicious. * % x x In one of these two ways the false “expert” usually gives himself away. The sad part of it all is that he so often is taken at his own valuation. Confidence in one’s self is inspiring to others. It ought to mean, and sometimes does, that the speaker knows what he is talk- ing about. Sometimes it means just the opposite, vet the hearer may have difficulty in detecting the spurious in such a case, unless he keeps well in mind the two_ signs of the faker. Salesmanship has so long recognized the futility of knocking the competitor that it is generally accepted practice to refrain from doing it, even when it is possible. A thing may be possible, but not feasible. Every one has seen and heard the coy- ness with which salesmen speak of a competitor. Occasionally it is interest- ing to hear one of them solemnly declare he will not belittle his opponent—and then go straight ahead and do it, under a little prodding. Yet it is generally recognized that by attempting to “run down” the other fel- low the “prospect” may get the idea that the rival article must be pretty good or no one would take the trouble to “knock” it. Hence the saying, “Every knock’s a boost,” which often has a great deal of truth in it. * ok x X Very few experts, in any line, find it either necessary or desirable to talk loudly when attempting to tell what they know. They let their knowledge speak for itself, and, if it doesn’t, that, unfor- tunately, is the listener's loss. They can tell him the truth, they cannot prevent him from the loss he may incur by underestimating his knowledge. 1t is right here that so much heart- ache comes, in this complex world of ours. A great many persons know a great many things, but too often the holder of knowledge is unable to impress others, to their own benefit, without benefit of degree or publicity. Unless he “blows his own horn” to high heaven he is in danger of being overlooked. This very fact has set up a vicious circle by permitting many with no claims to genuine knowldge to impress the unwary through the simple expedient of ele- mentary boasting and very loud talk- ing when on the favorite subject. Let us take a very simple fllustration. Almost every one knows now that dur- ing the past five years the keeping of small tropical, or “exotic,” fishes in the home aquarium has grown to the proportions of a real hobby. ‘Whereas, before 1830, there were a score of men (for this is a man’s hobby), keeping “tropicals” in an average city, today there are hundreds of persons. ‘This hobby, as many another, has bred the boaster, the fellow who imagines, because he has purchased a pair of gup- pies for 10 cents, and Nature has at- tended to their multiplication for him, that he is a “fish breeder.” ‘The question to be asked, however, is threefold: How many good books on the hobby has he read? Does he subscribe to the best maga- zines? Does he use his own head? It is only when these questions can be answered satisfactorily that one is in a position to repose trust in the fellow. Consider a beginning fancier, a man who, as is usually the case with begin- ners, had too many fishes in his aqua=- rium. ‘They developed the “ick,” popular ab- breviation for the parasite Ichthioptsrus multifilius. He was told by a quiet fancier, who fulfilled the above requirements, to use one level teaspoonful of salt to the gal- lon, and gradually raise the temperature of their water to 80 degrees, and keep it there for several days. Later, the fancier ran into a man who loudly “pooh-poohed” such treat- ment. “Raise 'em to 90 degrees” he said, boldly, confidently and loudly. ‘The unwary beginner was impressed. Didn't the fellow tell about all the fish he had bred? So, when he went home he raised the temperature to 90 degrees, and kept it there all night. When he woke up, all his fishes were dead. Had he stuck to the original prescrip- tion his fishes and his investment would have been safe. * k% It is a notable fact that the more a man knows about something, usually, the quieter he is about it. We will never forget a meeting with the great Steinmetz of General Electric. A great figure mentally, though little physically. He was a dwarf. His mighty mind needed no boasting. Nothing could dwarf his intellect along his chosen lines. Yet to hear him talk was to listen to quiet words, quietly spoken, without flubdub. A casual listener, not knowing who he was, might not have been much im- pressed, but all the same he would have been listening to a master mind. If there is any way to tell the real expert, the man who knows, from the faker, the man who wants to believe he knows and, even more, wants to make others believe he knows, it is by quiet talking. Mentally and physically the man is quiet, because he knows knowl- edge neither boasts of itself nor “runs down” others. It just goes straight ahead. WASHINGTON OBSERVATIONS BY FREDERIC WILLIAM WILE. Hardly anything could be better de- signed to provide President Roosevelt with & happy Thanksgiving than con- current reports from organized labor, the Federal Reserve Board and the Federal Housing Administration that business is definitely on the upgrade. It is an open secret that New Dealers’ chief political concern is the state of the times and the “psychology” of finance and industry. If conditions remain as good as now de- picted Democrats think the 1936 election is in the bag. The strategy of the Roose~ veltians henceforth is not to do anything unnecessarily to irritate business. With the Federation of Labor foreshadowing “an industrial boom within the next few years,” with the Federal Reserve assert- ing that activity for the first 10 months of 1935 was at a higher level than in any of the preceding four years and with housing authorities reporting a growing trend toward recovery in the building trades, capital and labor unite in herald- ing the dawn of happier days. As evi- dence of what business considers to be the paramount need, the National Asso- ciation of Manufacturers vigorously opposes curbs on production in industry and agriculture. It urges resistance to any new Government attempt to regulate ‘wages and hours. * ® X X Most observers are convinced that if the December 9 conference called by Maj. George L. Berry, co-ordinator of industrial co-operation, adjourns without accomplishing anything there will be cheers, not tears, in upper New Deal regions. Nothing indicates that admin- istrationists are pressing for revival of N. R. A in any form, large or small, though some authorities think there may be a change of heart if the Supreme Court validates the Guffey coal control law and passes affirmatively on other constitutional questions. The sentiment generally encountered in Washington is Joy that things are running smoothly and that it is the part of wisdom, with 36 Just around the corner, to let well enough alone. In other words, there is no yearn- ing to interrupt th: “breathing spell.” > * x “The Gay Reformer: Profits Before Plenty Under Franklin D. Roosevelt” is the title of a much-discussed politico- psychological study of the President and the New Deal, just from the pen of Mauritz A. Hallgren, seasoned Washing- ton political writer. The book’s under- lying thesis is that F. D. R. was trained for the role he is now enacting by his early home environment at Hyde Park. Mr. Hallgren argues that everything in the President’s youthful background and upbringing suggests that he is not the foe of the capitalist system that some de- tractors represent him to be. “Hard realties have forced Mr. Roosevelt,” Mr. Hallgren writes, “to shift and maneuver with a frequency disturbing both to ‘busi- ness confidence’ and to liberal intel- lectuals who would make America over into something they call- ‘the social state’ ”, but it is the author’s conclusion that Mr. Roosevelt's presidency “has been of benefit to the profit system.” * % ko Robert Lincoln O'Brien, chairman of the United States Tariff Commission, and Brig. Gen. Frank T. Hines, admin- istrator of veterans’ affairs, are the New Deal’s twin holdovers from Republican administrations. Mr. O'Brien has just been designated as chairman of the Tariff Commission for another year, hav- ing first been appointed by President Hoover in 1931 and reappointed by Presi- dent Roosevelt. Gen. Hines has headed startled the Ways and Means Committee with statements that were far from being of orthodox G. O. P. stand-pat hue. Per- haps the journalist-statesman imbibed his rugged political individualism from his association with Grover Cleveland, to whom he was personal secretary from 1892 until 1895. He is regarded wholly sympathetic with the New Deals re- ciprocal tariff program. * X X X Politicians wonder whether and to what extent the Green-Lewis schism may weaken the power of the organized labor movement as a political factor. There is no present indication that Lewis, in his drive for the industrial union idea as against the craft union, will, at least in the near future, carry his crusade to the point of taking the United Mine Workers out of the A. F. of L. The con- sensus is that he will concentrate for the time being on fighting for the in- dustrial union within federation ranks, confildent that he will ultimately prevail. ‘Whether Lewis some day will seek to uhhorse Green from the presidency, as some sideliners expect he may, is not discernible through the early smoke of battle, * kX % North Carolina has a budget-balancing Governor of its own, J. C. B. Ehringhaus, Democrat, with a record that compares favorably with Gov. Landon's widely vaunted achievement in Kansas. The Tarheel State balanced its budget by cuiting expenses more than 32 per cent, levying a general sales tax during the emergency, and applying executive con- trol to all, instead of only a part, of State expenditure. The result was immediately to bring spending within the limits of revenue and to reduce the per capita cost of government in North Carolina to a point which is among the lowest, if not the lowest, in the country. Gov. Ehring- haus, lawyer and educational authority, doesn’t expect his economy record to con- vert him into a presidential possibility. \ * ok x X Dr. Frank Bohn, writer and lecturer, who has just accepted the chairmanship of the Emergency Committee in Aid of Political Refugees From Nazi-ism, is a son-in-law of Secretary of Commerce Roper. He is organizing a national drive to raise $250,000, primarily among non- Jews, for the purposes of the committee, which was formed at the instance of James G. McDonald, League of Nations high commissioner for refugees coming from Germany. Dr. Bohn emphasizes that Nazi oppression is not confined to Jews, but also affects Catholics and Protestants. His impressions are based upon a 2,000-mile automobile trip through Germany last Summer. Trade unionists as well as religious groups, Dr. Bohn says, are victims of Hitlerism. * ok K.k Upton Sinclair, now lecturing in the East, held forth in aristocratic West- chester County, N. Y., this week on the subject of “What Lies Ahead for Amer- ica?” The Californian was introduced to his social-registerite audience by Rep- resentative - at - large Caroline O'Day, Democrat, for whom Mrs. Roosevelt took the stump last year. (Copyright, 1035.) —_—————— Labor Surplus. Prom the Detroit News. A Pennsylvania college decides to cut foot ballers off its pay roll. And just at a time when there is already an over- supply of coal miners. Unafraid. From the Sacramento Bee. People insist on riding the Italian liners despite the President’s Determined, ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS By Frederic J. Haskin, A reader can get the answer to any question of fact by writing The Washing= ton Evening Star Information Bureau, Frederic J. Haskin, Director, Washinge ton, D.C. Please inclose stamp for reply, Q. When were the A. B. C. shops opened in London and what do the infe tials stand for?—E. J. A. The first A. B. C. (Aerated Bread f&; tea shop was opened in London in Q. Please give some information abou$ Dornier, who built the Do-X.—E. K. A. Claude Dornier was born in Bavaria in 1884, son of a French father and a German mother. He worked as a metal- lurgist for Count Zeppelin, and in 1929, with his brother, Maurice Dornier, or- ganized the Dornier Aircraft Co. at Friedrichshafen, there producing mors than 100 types of all-metal seaplanes, in- cludifig the giant flying boat Do-X, which made fits first trans-Atlantie voyage in 1931, flying to New York with 169 passengers. EQMOt what is codeine a derivative?—= "A. Codeine is an alkaloid found in opium. Q. Who is president of thé Authors® Guild?>—K. W. A. Fanny Hurst was recently elected president. This is a protective associa= tion for authors, and is a part of the Authors’ League. Miss Hurst has long been deeply interested in the work of the league and has served on many of its committees. Q. How does circulation of newspapers in Soviet Russia compare with that in Czarist Russia?—M. C. A. The total circulation of all news= papers in the Soviet Union is now ap=- proximately 40.000.000, as compared with a circulation of 2,500,000 in Czarist Ruse sia in 1913, Q. How many operations are performed in this country annually?—C. W. A. Two million five hundred thousand operations are performed every year in 2,500 hospitals in the United States and Canada. Q. How old is the comic strip Jiggs and Maggie?—E. H. A. George McManus' popular chare acters celebrated their 25th anniversary on November 6. The comic strip has been translated into 27 languages. Q. How many ballots were cast in the Democratic Convention which nominated John W. Davis for the presidency?—C. S. A. In 1924 on the 103d ballot J. W. Davis received the Democratic presie dential nomination. Q. Is beeswax naturally yellow?—I. H. A. The yellow tint is imparted by the pollen on some of the plants the bees visit. When the bees are confined and fed on white sugar or dark honey, the wax is white. Q. In what part of Paris is the Bois de Boulogue?—E. J. A. Situated on the western side of Paris, this beautiful park includes the race courses of Auteuil and Longchamps. Part of the ancient forest of Rouvray, i§ was ceded to Paris by Napoleon III, and is a favorite Parisian pleasure ground, with numerous delightful promenades, Q. What is a farthingale?—M. M. R. A. A hoop petticoat, originally dise tended with canes and later with whalee bone or crinoline. It reached its most exaggerated form in the costume of the seventeenth century, when the tops of women's skirts flared out almost at right angles to the bodice. Q. What is the name of the printing school in New York which was indorsed by the late Adolph Ochs?—P. R. A. The Empire State School of Printe ing in Ithaca, N. Y. A portrait of Mr. Ochs was recently unveiled there in memory of his work as founder and sup- porter of the school. Q. Was John Van Druten's play, “Young Woodley,” ever banned in Enge land?—R. C. A. The play was banned for two years in England, but later was produced there with the success of its presentation in America. Q. What kind of weather is character= istic of Indian Summer?—E. B. A. The ideal Indian Summer, accord« ing to weather experts, is a tranquil pee riod with little or no wind, hazy sune shine, and with temperatures well above normal, though not as high as in the real Summer. It sometimes follows cold, stormy, somewhat unseasonable weather the last of September, in October, or even in November. Some Autumns— about one-fourth of them—have no very definite Indian Summer; others have twe or three periods that might qualify as such. Q. What is the origin of the cantae loupe?—L. F. A. The cantaloupe (from Cantalupo, Italy) is a native of Asia and Africa, long known in the Mediterranean region and introduced into America by the Spaniards. Q. Is it possible for a baritone voice to change to a tenor?—H. F. : A. One instance of this is the case of Jean de Reszke (1850-1025) whose voice, at first baritone, developed into one of the greatest tenors of the nine= teenth century. Q. What is a stola?—B. L. R. A. It was the characteristic dress of the Roman woman, a long, full tunic, hanging from neck to feet, fastened at the shoulders with brooches or fibulae and resembling the Greek dress, though more elaborate and formal. It was made of fine wool or linen, girded about the middle, and at some periods had sleeves., [ A Rhyme at Twilight By Gertrude Brooke Hamilton Greek Fruit Vendor. ‘Where his push-cart splashes color In mideity street, His dark eyes count fruit and dollar And the passing feet. Only twice her feet—so slender! ‘When she passes by the vendor Finds his slaved glance upward roving, Never daring to be loving, To her form—like graceful grape stem, Clad in blue from neck to soft hem. Like lemon leaves, her dainty hands! And luscious fruits of warmer lands In her bright lips—her melting eyes Blue as his far-off sea and skies!