Evening Star Newspaper, November 18, 1935, Page 8

A8 wiw THE EVENING STAR, WASHINGTON D. C, MONDAY, NOVEMBER 18, 1935. UTSTANDING FACTS OF AMERICAN-CANADIAN TRADE PACT — By the Assoclated Press. T HE text of the State Depart-| I ment’s general statement on the Canadian trade agreement follows, in part: | The trade negotiations between the | ‘American and Canadian governments, which were initiated in the latter part ©f 1934, culminated Friday in the sig- nature of a trade agreement of wide- reaching scope which is of major im- | portance to the producers and the con- sumers of both countries, and the| stimulating effect of which on industry and commerce as a whole will be a ma- terial factor in general economic re- | covery on both sides of the border. The agreement should assure a marked increase in the exports of each country to the other; and that means a marked increase in their total export trade, since Canada is the second largest custcmer for our export and since the United States is the second | Jargest consumer of Canadian ex- ports. * * * In Effect January 1. ‘The new rates fixed in the agree- | ment will go into effect on both sides | on January 1, 1936. Most of the crude and simply-man- | ufactured products which we buy| from Canada have been free of Amer- ican duty in the past, and by the trade agreement nearly all of the im- | portant free items are ‘“bound”| against the imposition of any duty or import tax. As a compensation for | our action with respect to free com- | modities, which is of great benefit to | her, Canada has made substantial | reductions in duties on American commodities which represent a sub- stantially larger value of trade than is represented by the Canadian com- modities on which we have reduced | duties under the agreement, although | the reductions made by the United | States cover a large proportion of the dutiable imports from Canada. * * * Duties and other charges will be Jowered on products of which we ship- ped to Canada, in the fiscal year -ending March, 1930, about $415,- 000,000. * * * On the other hand, the concessions made to Canada by the United States in the agreement are also of wide- reaching character. They affect com- modities which accounted for about two-thirds of our total imports from Canada in 1929, * * * Imports from Canada into the United States dropped from $503,000.- 000 in 1929 to $232,000.000 in 1934, or by 54 per cent. Exports from the United States to Canada dropped from $899,000.000 in 1929 (not including grain in transit for Europe), to $302,- 000 in 1934, a decrease of 66 per cent. e = = Canadian Concessions. The Canadian concessions to the United States fall into four general| groups: (1). Direct duty reductions on items | named, commodity by commodity, in | what is known as schedule 1 of the agreement. (2). The grant to the United States on all other commodities of the low- | est rates now or hereafter paid by, any non-British country (these are| commonly referred to as “most favored | foreign nation” rates) in place of the higher “general” rates. (3) A large and satisfactory mea- sure of relief with respect to the| Canadian system of arbitrary valua-| tions heretofore applied on many | commodities. (4) Benefits to commercial travel- ers. and to transmit trade passing through the United States resulting from general provisions of the agree- ment, together with promised legis- lation regarding exemption of tourist | purchases from duty. * * * Those duty reductions on the part | of Canada which are specified by| name in schedule 1, together with 11 few items on which the existing rates | are bound against increase, number | about 180. The commodities covered | accounted for $175,000.000 out of the | total of $523,000,000 of dutiable im- | ports into Canada from the United States in the fiscal year 1929-30. * * * | Rates at Lowest. In the case of 80 or more duty reductions specified in schedule 1, however, representing a value of trade in the base year 1929-30 of over $115,- 000,000, the rates named are lower than those heretofore paid by any non-British country. * | Of almost equally great advantage to American agriculture and industry is the fact that under the trade agree- ment all commodities which we sell to Canada, including hundreds of items not listed in schedule 1, will hereafter pay no rate of duty higher than the lowest rate, whether now in effect or hereafter established, on the goods of any other country outside of the British Empire. This means that hereafter American Boods receive the benefit (a) of all the “intermediate” rates of the CONCESSIONS By the Associaied Press. by the United States under the new reciprocal trade agreement, including items, present and THE list of tariff concessions granted to Canada new rates of duty: Reductions in duty—Animal Products: Item. Cattle weighing 700 pounds or more each Calves weighing less than 175 pounds each. - 3clb. Ol1d Rate. 2%z¢c1b. New Rate. 2c1lb. 1l2clb. weight more than 65 per cent acetic acid Vinyl Acetate and Synthetic Resins made in chief value therefrom 2clb, < 30 Pe, Cobalt Oxide.. 20c 1b. Sperm Oil, crude. Acetylene, black Electrical Cooking Stoves and Ranges and parts___ = Ice Hockey Sticks of wood.- Whisky (aged not less than 4 years in wood containers). 20 Pe. 35 Pe. gal. Pulpwood in rolls for wall board, surface stained or 6clb. and 85 proof 5c gal. 3313 Pe. 1%clb. 3clb. and 15 Pc. 10c Ib. 2'5c gal. 15 Pc. 25 Pc. 20 Pc. $2.50 proof gal. Reduction to apply annua e More than 54 0t 17 for calves of the average lnnull total num- ber of cattle (including calves) slaughtered in the United States during 1928-1 Dairy Cows weighing 700 pounds or more each_ Duty reduced on not over 20,000 head annually. Cream, fresh or sour. Duty reduced on not 1.500.000 gallens annually Cheddar Cheese in original- Loaves ___ Live Poultry Chickens and Guineas, dead. - Horses, valued at not more than $150 per head Vegetable Products: Maple Sugar Hulled Oats, unfit for human consumption Cereal Breakfast Foods. Apples, green or ripe.. Fresh Strawberries. ... Blueberrries, prepared or pre- served or frozen Cherrries in their natural Grass and Clover Seed: Alfalfa Alsike Clover Sweet Clover - Timothy - Bluegrass Peas, green: Duty reduced only from July 1 to September 30 White or Irish Seed Potatoes. Turnips and Rutabagas 3clb. 56.6¢ gal. fic lb. min. 35 Pe. 8c1b. 10c 1b. $30 head 6c b, 16c bu. (32 1bs.) 20 Pe. 25¢ bu. 50 Ibs. 1%clb. 35 Pe. 2c1b. 8clb. 8clb. 4clb. 2c1b. 5clb. 3.9¢ 1b. 75¢ lb. 100 lbs. (60c Dec. 25¢ per 100 lbs. $5 sh. ton Articles On Which Existing Duties Are Bound Against Increase. Item. Wheat, unfit for human con- sumption By-product feeds and mixed feeds duitable at 10 per____ Screenings, Scalpings, etc. of grains and seeds.......... Fishery Products: Fish, fresh or frozen (not ad- vanced.) - Halibut Salmon Swordfish, fresh only. Eels .. Lake Fish: Chubs fresh water mullet, jacks, lake trout, suagers, tullibees, white fish and yellow pike.. Fish, pickled or salted (1) salmon (5) Alewives (bulk) — Smoked Herring: (2) hard dry-smoked, whole or be- headed but not further ad- vanced (3) boned, whether or not skinned - Razor Clams, canned Forest Products, Lumber and Timber: Reduced duty to apply to not more than 250000 board feet per calendar year. Douglas Fir Western Hemlock - Lumber and Timber: Spruce, Pine, Eastern Hem- lock, Larch, and Fir other than Douglas Fir Lumber and Timber: Other softwood and hardwood, not specially provided for, if not of balse or teak Flooring of maple (except Japanese Maple), Birch and Beech Mineral Produc! Fire Brick, not specially pro- vided for Limestone, monumental stone, crude not suitable for or building Lime, not specially provided for Lime, hydrated.-ccoooo-... —— Old Rate. New Rate. 10c Pc, 16c Pc. 10c Pe. 1%eclb.” 3clb. 23 Pe. 8 Pc. 25 Pc. 5¢ per 100 1bs. 10c per 100 Ibs. 12¢ per 100 Ibs. 1 thru Feb.) dyed, lined or vat-lined, em- “bossed or printed. 11z¢lb, Lacrosse Sticks --.- Ice Skates and parts. $14.50 sh. ton. min. 15 Pe. max 30 Pc. 15 Pc. 15 Pc, 15 Pc. Harness or Saddlery Leather 35c gal. (Bovine) Patent Leather 5¢ b, Pipe Organ min. 25 Pc. 4c b, 6c 1b. $20 head 4clb. crab meat); oysters) 8clb. (32 1bs.) 15 Pc. 15¢ bu. 50 lbs. aclb, unbleached: 25 Pc. 1clb. bolts, laths, etc 4clb. 4clb. 2c b, 1clb. 2%5clb. 2c 1b. 45c Ib. 100 Ibs. 12!5c per 100 Ibs. $3sh. ton 10c Pe. 10c Pe. “not 10c Pc. schedules) : Agric. & Fish Products: (church) parts thereof Sea herring and smelts, fresh or frozen; quahaugs, fresh or frozen; crabs, fresh or frozen (not oysters, lobsters, fresh but not frozen. AJOR tariff changes among 767 items on which the State Department s ay granted the United States lower import charges in the reciprocal trade otherwise - 214 Pe. 10 Pe. (Bovine) - 10 Pc. and % - 40Pc. or 35 Pe. 25 Pe. ticles Bound on the Free List. Fishery Products. clams, {resh or frozen (except seed fresh, frozen or canned; scallops, Forest Products. Pulpwood, pulp and newsprint paper, wood pulp, bleached sulphite, mechanically ground, bleached or soda, bleached or unbleached; newsprint paper, pulpwood. standard Other Forest Products. Shingles of wood (limited to 25 per cent of United States consumption); logs, round timber, (excluding cabinet woods) ; firewood, posts, ties, and poles; pickets, palings, hoops and staves. Mineral Products. Asbestos, unmanufactured; cobalt and cobalt ore, crude artificial abrasives, not especially provided for; nickel ore, matte, and oxide; plaster rock (including anhydrite) and gypsum, crude. Manufactured and Miscellaneous Products, Sulphuric acid or oil of vitrial; plements of which Canada is the principal supplier; calcium cyanamid or lime nitrogen: sodium cyanide, undressed furs: agricultural im- Mink, beaver, muskrat and wolf. GAINS sald today Canada sact (N. O. P. means provided for” in Canadian tariff New Duty to U.S. Present Duty toUs. Unit of Duty Meats, prepared, except canned, Sausage Casings, cleaned.. Lard Butter Salt, Rice, cleaned - natural Cabbage Celery - Lettuce Spinach - ‘Tomatoes Peppers. Apricots Cherries Cranberries Peaches per M feet $.50 1.50 Pears .. Strawberries, Apples, Cantaloupes melons 15 Pc. 215c per of 100 lbs. e per 100 Ibs. 8c per 100 lbs. Almonds, Walnuts _ Nuts, shelled, bacon, Eggs in the shell. Compressed Yeast, bul in bulk. . Cocoa Beans, not roasted.. Potatoes in natural state. . Sweet Potatoes state. Carrots and Beets, N. O. P. green Plums or Prunes. . and Loganberries - - fresh - Grapes, fresh - and Dried Apricots, Peaches, etc. Grapefruit. N. O. P. Oranges. during the months January, February, March and April Nuts of all kinds, N. O. P., but not including shelled Peanuts hams, T2 02 .10 14 03 .05 25 .16 15 Bu. 30 100 Lbs. $1.00 100 Lbs. $2.00 100 Lbc a5 12 2 $1.50 Free in their - 100 Lbs. Ad Val. Ad Val Ad Val. Ad Val. Ad Val - Ad Val. Ad Val. Ad Val. Ad Val. Ad Val. - Ad Val .. Spec. Lb. Ad Val Spec. Lb Ad Val Spec. Lb. Free 157% 15% 15% 15% 15% 15% 15% 15% 15% 15% 15% 15% 15% 15 307 30% 307% 30% 30% 307 30% 307% 20% 207 207% 0114051 20% 00225} * Min 00%4(5) Raspberries 207% 207% .02 Ad Val. Ad Val. ~. Eh; Musk- Pears, Ad Val. Lb. Ad Val, 207% 01 35 or - Lb. - Lb, Mackerel, Hem}xg Salmon Photos, Paintings, Pictures, Maps, etc., N. O. P. Bank Notes, Commercial Blank Forms, etc. Picture Post Cards, etc Ad Val. Ad Val. Ad Val. & Per Lb, 8heet Music, etc. Newspapers, partly printed for pub. in Canada. Magazines, unbound, a, cultural technical, e ‘With 20-30 per cent adver- tising space __ With over 30 per cent ad- vertising space Prepared Roofings, Stra: board, Fiber-Board, etc.. Ad Val. Newsprinting Paper,. etc., under 2'c¢ per lb. Ad Val. Paper of all kinds, N. O. P. Ad Val, Wrapping Paper, uncoated, Mfrs of paper, N. O P Paper Milk Bottle Caps. Containers of fiber board or paper board Ad Val. Ad Val. Per Copy Per Copy Ad Val. Ad Val. Peroide of Soda, Nitrate of Soda, etc. All Medicinal, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Preps.,, N. O. P. (A) when dry. (b) Liquid under 21, per cent proof spirit.._.____. AdVal. Mfrs. of Celluloid, N. O. Ad Val. Oxides, Fireproofs, Fillers, etc. _. Ad Val Liquid lel: n and Ground- in-Liquid Paints.___._.__ Artists' Colors, N. O. P. Water Colors, etc. 4 Varnishes, ‘Lacquers, etc.- Ad Val. Ad Val. Gal & Ad Val Tetraethyl Compounds of Lead. etc. Printing Ink Lubricating Oils, 25¢ gal. S Refined Gasoline, Kerosene_ Lubricating Oils. N. O. P. Ad Val, - AdVal less than Gal. Gal. Ad Val. Firebrick, Furnaces, etc Building and Paving Br '(k. Ad Val Ad Val & Per Ton Flagstone and all Building Stone, rough Ad Val. Marble and Granite, sawed not more than 2 sides-_ Asbestos, except crude and all mfrs, N. O. P .- Lamp Bulbs and Glass Tub- ing for Mfg. Lamps, etc.__ Glass Demijohns, Bottles, N. O. P, Tableware, et Mfrs. of Glass. N. O. P. Spectacles, etc = Spectacle Frames, etc.. Mfrs. of Zi NOP. Wire of all metals and kinds, N or. Ad val, Ad Val. Val. N. Electro-Plated Ware, N.O.F. Articles of Silver, Nickel- Plated Ware—Electro- plated Ware, Gold and Silver, Mfrs et Watches of all kinds Clocks, Cases, Movements, etc. Ingots, etc.. under 3c lb,, for . Val. . Val, . Val. . Val. Bars & Rods, etc.. N. O. P. Hot Rolled, 4c p over . Plates, I. & S. hot or cold rolled (B) over 66 in. in width, N. O. P, Sheets, L. & S. hot or cold, Rolled (B) over 0.980 in. thick .. Sheets, Plates, 1. G. S. coated with metal or metals, N. O. P. Railway Rails. etc., N. O. P. Railway Ties, etc.. Iron or Steel Angles, Besms. etc., & Piling, less than 35 lbs. per lin. yd Castings of Iron, malleable, N. O. P.____. Castings of Steel, N. O. P._ Piston Ring Castings of Steel, etc -- Ad. Val. Forgings (I.& S). N. O. P Ad. Val, Pipes and Tubes, Plain or Coated: Welded or Seamless, under 10 Hmngs (I. & S.) for Pipes and Tubes..__. Cultivators, Harrow Ploughs, farm, etc. cold rolled, b . Val. Ad. Val, Ad. Val Ad. Val. Ton Ton Per ton Ad. Val Ad. Val. Ad. Val. Ad. Val. Ad. Val, Ad. Val. Har- Ad. Val, Mowing ‘vfachmes. vesters, etc. Threshing Machine Sepa- rators, etc. Ad Val. Ore Crushers, Coal Cut- ters, etc., for mining. Ad Val. Machinery, etc., for log §ing - Ad Val. Certain Misc. Machinery” 2212% 35% 35% .05 25% 25% 15% 2212% 1.00 15 307 & per ton $6.00 $7.00 2 30% 307 307 25% busses, over 100 h.p._ Engines or Boilers parts, N. O. P. Nuts and Bolts, etc. Hinges and Butts (I. &s. ), BB e emton Containers, Tin Plate, for mfg., food products..... Mirs. of Tin Plate and of and Railway Cars and parts - Pass. Autos, N. O. P., $1,200 to $2,100; chassis - - Pass. Autos, N.O.P. under $1,200; Trucks, Chassis__ Autos and Motor Vehicles of all kinds, N. O. P. Chassis Tops, Wheels, Bodlrfi N. O. P. for motor vehicles_ Motor Busses, seating over Electric Wireless or Radjo Apparatus and Parts.__. Electric Batteries and Parts Electric Dynamos, Genera- tors, Transformers, N. oy . Mirs. of Iron and Steel, L. &8,N. 0P, - Safes, etc.; Scales, etc. - Photographic, Math., Opti- cal Instruments, N. O. P., P'azes Rods and Cy]mders. Engraved, etc. - s X-ray App., Microscopes, etc.: (ex.) Surgical Inst.; X-Ray App.. Microscopes for Hospitals, etc.. = Mirs. of Cork Wood._ 4 Sawn Boards, planed or dressed Mtrs. of Wood, N. O. Vulcanized Fibre, etc. mir: Furniture of Wood, ‘Iron or other material Wire Doors, Cash Registers, certain Mattresses, etc._. Cotton garnetted material, Wiping Rags. etc Carded Silver of Cotton, etc. Cotton Fibres, N. O. P Rovings, Yarns, et ton for sewing. etc Cotton Sewing Thread Yard, Knitting Yarns, etc... ‘Woven Fabrics. Cotton, un- bleached. etc., N. O. P._. Aircraft & Complete Parts, except engines.__...__.. Engine and parts for air- and Swords, etc..--- Apparatus for Cooking or Heating Buildings (1) For electricity (2) Foroil__.. Gas, Coal Oil. or other Lighting Fixtures, N. O. P, ete. - Electric Telegraph Appara- tus and complete parts.. Electric Telephone Appa- ratus and complete parts. Woven Fabrics, cotton, bleached, uncolored ‘Woven Fabrics, cotton. printed colors, N.O. P.... Fabrics, coated. etc., N. O. P. Fibers, not containing wool, Coated Fabric, etc, N. O. Poocoemeee Blankets of any material, etc. Clothing, etc.. & Mfrs. Wool or Animal Fibers, etc, N. Woven Fabrics, Sik, without wool, etc., not including rayon fab- rics = ‘Woven Fabrics, (velvets, etc.) with silk or rayon pile, over 24 in._ ‘Woven Fabrics, of Ti etc, not inc. silk fab- Woven Fabrics not made in Canada. silk or ray- on—for neckties, etc Embroideries, Lace, N etc., Clothing, etr Rayon, chief value. Knit Garments & Knit Goods, N. O. P Enameled—Oilcloth, Lino- Musical Instruments of all kinds, N. O. P. Fur Skins wholly or p: Leather, for mfg. Gloves or Clothing __ Boots, Shoes, Slippers, etc., of any kind of mate- AdVal. 27:% Ad Val, 100 Ibs. 30% 5 75 25% 100 lbs. Ad Val. Ad Val. Ad Val. Ad Val. Ad Val. Ad. Val. Ad. Val. Ad Val. Ad Val. Ad Val. Ad Val. Ad Val. Ad Val. Ad Val. Ad Val. Ad Val. Surgical and Dental Instruments: Ad Val. Ad Val. Ad Val. Ad Vai. Ad Val Ad Val. Ad Val. Ad Val Ad Val. Ad Val Ad Val. Ad Val. Ad Val. Ad Val. Ad Val Ad Val. Ad Val. Ad Val. Ad Val. Ad Val. Ad Val Ad Vai. Ad Vai. & Per Lb. & Per Lb. . Ad Val. Ad Val & Per Lb. Ad Val Ad Val Ad Val Ad Val. Ad Val Ad Val. Ad Val & Per Lb. Ad Val & Per Lb. Ad Val. Ad Val. 15% Ad Val. 22.10% L2 | maintained between the concessions ! granted by this country on agricul- tural products and those obtained | from Canada on agricultural products. | Even if the United States haa ob- tained from Canada little in the way of duty reductions on farm products, our farmers would have gained much from the numerous and important concessions obtained for American manufactured goods. The increase in the exports of our factories, which seems bound to result, will so add to the purchasing power of the wage earners that they can buy more of the products of American farms. Moreover, our farmers, as large con- sumers of Canadian products on which our own duties have been reduced, will be protected against unduly high prices for those commodities. As a matter of fact, however, the agreement does much more than this for our agriculture. It will assure large increases in exports of American farm products to Canada. There is good reason to anticipate that these increases will at least equal the in- creases in imports of agricultural com- modities from Canada resulting from the concessions which we have made to her. Moreover, in making duty reductions the Government has taken the greatest care to prevent injury to any group of American farmers. * * The most important one concession made by Canada in the field of agri- culture is that relating to the Cana- dian tariff paragraph which cover fresh vegetables. Canada has lone distinguished between the season whe her farmers are marketing their outy of such vegetables, and the “off sea- |son.” when there has been a basic ad valorem rate, 30 per cent since 1930 applicable throughout the year, but during the competitive season this has | been supplemented, as regards most kinds of vegetables, both by minimum specific rates in cents per by so-called valuation advances this valuation method not only | the ad valorem rate apply to a valu higher than the invoice value, but the | difference between the two values was i charged as a “dumping” duty. * * * The agreement makes great changes in the charges pavable on this im- portant group of fresh vegetables. * * * | Effect of Concessions. | The effect of the concessions on the charges applicable to those American vegetables which still remain subject to valuation advances may best be shown by an illustration. Formerly if the invoice value of a given vege- table were 5 cents per pound. and :f the valuation advance applicable were 3 cents per pound, the charge would have been 20 per cent on 8 cents, plu a dumping d of 3 cents. making a total of 54 cents per pound. Here after the valuation advance, if applied at all t exceed 24 cents per pound the form 3 cents) ity in that case w be 15 per cent of 74 cents (name 1.1 cents) plus 2.4 cents, or a total | of 35 cents per pound. as against | the former total of 5.4 cents, a charg2 | 35 per cent less than before. * * * A similar adjustment respecting ad valorem duties. specific minimum rates, and valuation advances has been made in those Canadian tarifl paragraphs which cover all except citrus fruits. Here the basic ad va- lorem rate has been reduced from 20 to 15 per cent, the valuation advances | have been canceled on several classes, | and such advances as may hereafter be applied on other kinds of fruit wili be at least one-fifth lower than here- tofore. * * * Important for Farmers. | The statistics of Canada’s imports from the United States in 1929-30 before the increase in her duties and in her system of valuation advances, indicate the great importance of the concessions obtained for our farmers by the trade agreement. The total value of imports of agricultural prod- | ucts from the United States in that vear was about $134.000,000. This in- cludes, however, a large value of free imports (cotton alone amounting to over $27.000,000), and also some dut: able articles where the United States was not the principal source of im ports. The imports of articles dutiab! under present laws, of which the | United States was the principal sup- plier, are only about half of this $134.- 000.000. Reductions in duty in one form or another have been secured on articles accounting for about $53,000.- 000 of this total. The charges on most of these commodRies which we ship to Canada will be at least one-third lower than heretofore, and in some cases the reduction will range from 50 to 100 per cent i Agricultural Concessions. In return for the benefits thus se- cured for our farmers, the United States has made concessions of im- portance to Canada’s agricultural community. Our total imports of farm products from Canada in 1929 amounted to about $45,000,000, nearly Canadian tariff; i ing 1 s i I (b) of the still lower | Feldspar, crude...... . 50c long ton 35¢ long ton i e b OB T 01 for printing industry-_.. Ad Val. rial, Adval. 407 all dutiable. Of this total about $8.- rates fixed on many items by Can- Rda’s existing trade agreements with other non-British countries, notably with France; and (c¢) of any lower rates hereafter fixed by trade agree- ments of Canada with any non-British country. Although, unlike the items in schedule 1, the duty reductions on these items are not bound as to dura- tion, they become effective immedi- ately when the agreement enters into Sorce, = * Listed in Separate Table, All the export products of the United States affected by these Ca- nadian concessions are listed in a #eparate table, which shows for each the old and the new rates, the per- centage of duty reduction and the value of Canadian imports from the | United States during the fiscal years 1929-1930 and 1934-1935. The follow- ing summary shows, by commodity groups, the wide distribution of the trade benefiting from reductions ln' Canadian duties. It includes all items where the reductions are the result of &chedule 1 or of the extension to us of most-favored foreign nation rates. of {mports 3 by duty reductions. (Thousands of Dollars.) 1935 1930 $49,778 $15,195 400 1,164 mmodit: S, Agficulturnyl G;?;dbz ucts Fishery products . Stone, glass and non-ferrous met- als Iron and steel and 24,634 8431 8,993 3,057 4216 1,416 tures of iron and -steel ... Machinery and en- gines __ Motor vehicles Railroad equipment Wood and wood products Paper and paper products Hides and leather. 65473 15,650 84,107 40,461 3,077 21,620 22,309 3,128 312 4,257 19,745 6,063 6,421 1382 Talc, Steatite or Soapstone, ground, etc., (except toilet preparations), valued not over $12.50 per long ton... Dead-burned basic refractory material containing 6 per cent or more of lime and consisting chiefly of mag- nesia and lime Ferromanganese, contaminu not less than 4 per cent car- bon cn manganese content. Ferrosilicon, containing at least 8 per cent but less than 30 per cent of silicon. Ferrotitanium, Ferrovanadium and Ferrouranium ... Manufactured and Miscellan- eous Products: Acetic Acid containing by Petroleum products 19,982 Chemicals 2,611 268 17,548 6,619 8419103 $106.194 ly these fgures are sig- nificant in showing the great decline in Canada’s imports from this country of all groups of commodities, a de- cline in considerable part due to in- creases in tariff burdens which are removed by this agreement. Seen Boon to U. S. Business. A polnt of great significance in con- nectlun with Canada’s grant to us of her intermediate and treaty rates is the fact that this means much more than mere removal of differentials heretofore existing against us as compared with non-British countries. It does, of course, mean this is in the case of the commodities where non- British countries are important com- petitors of the United States in the Canadian market. The removal of the former duty differentials against us will enable American exporters to obtain a larger share of the trade in 40,546 2,547 A 6419 Rubber wodunu_. 1,112 such commodities. Most of the ar- ticles of this group, however, are not o 3 35 Pe. 30 Pe. t 1%clg 2c1b.on silicon content 15 Pc. Salmon and all prepared, etc. Shrimps, tainers Oysters, shelled, . 25 Pc, Oysters, in the shell Lobsters, fresh Wines: 2712 Pe. Chi i ampagne and e (b) Bottles, 12¢ 1b.on silicon content (d) Bottles, over I qt. -___ Gal. 15 Pe. Wines of all kinds, N. O. P. Gal. 26% proof or less __ (a) Bottles, 1 pt. %0 1 qt... Doz. 1, pt. to 1 pt. Doz. (c) Bottles under 2 pt. .- Doz. other fish, (Oysters) . Ad Val. 30% in sealed con- Ad Val. Ad Val. Ad Val. Ad Val. 40% .10 257% 25% bull 55 - &AdVal. 30% all other sparkling wines: 9.30 30% 4.65 307% 2720 30% 4.50 & Ad Val. & Ad Val. & Ad Val. & Ad Val. Manufactured articles: Advertising and Printed 15 Offset and Litho. Presses; Printing Presses, etc, NG P Ad Val. Certain Textile Machinery. Ad Val. Adding, Bookkeeping. Cal- culating. etc., Machines. Vacuum Cleaners, etc., and parts Ad Val. Refrigerators, domestic or stores, electric Washing Machines, ete. Sewing Machines and com- plete parts, etc. ____ e All Machinery, wholly or in part (I & S., N. O. P. and parts Ball and Roller Bearings.. Traction Engines and com- plete parts, N. O. P. _____ Automobile Engines and complete parts, N. O. P.__ Engines for trucks and Ad Val. Ad Val. parts, Ad Val. Ad Val. Ad Val. Ad Val. Ad Val. Ad Val. Mirs. of Leather, incl. raw hide, N. O. P. Rubber Boots and Shoes... All mfrs. of Rubber, N. O.P. Tives . Rubber Hose, Mats, etc. Musical Instruments, Cases, Fancy Cases, Purses, etc. Juvenile Construction Sets, Metal, etc. - Jewelry, for adornment, N. Ad Val. 35% Ad Val. 25% AdVal. 27:% Ad Val. 35% Ad Val. 3% Ad Val. Ad Val. O P Giant Powder, Int. Comb. and gines. semblies, 257 2712% plosives, N. O. Transmission As- ete., in Canada for mfrs. of Ad Val. Ad Val Other Ex- P Lb. Steam En- not made Ad Val. 20% 17':% of major importance in our trade with Canada. On the other hand, in the case of many other important commodities, our competition in Canadian markets is chiefly with the United Kingdom and other parts of the British Em- pire. * * * Changes in Valuation. Changes in duty valuation system: A broad advantage to many lines of American exports will result from changes in Canada's system of valu- ing commodities for duties. These changes are assured either by trade agreement itself or by a note of the Canadian government accompanying it. There has been gradually growing in Canada a system, taking several distinct forms, of applying arbitrary assessments exceeding the invoice values of imported goods. The re- sulting charges were materially higher, in some instances several times higher, than the nominal duty rates. On some commodities the practice meant not merely that the ad valorem rates were applied on a higher sum, but that the difference between the, arbitrary value and the invoice value had to be paid as a so-called dumping duty. ‘These methods of valuing commod- ities have caused much complaint on i the part of American producers and exporters, by reason both of the height of the resulting charges and of their uncertainty. They have af- fected a large number of our com- modities, including not only fresh fruits and vegetables and various other farm products, but also a wide range of manufactured goods such as automobiles, radio receiving sets, elec- | trical apparatus, flooring and textiles. Customs Act Change Seen. The Canadian note contains definite sections of the customs act which have been particularly onerous in such manner as to afford a very large measure of relief. The note assures further that pending such legislation remedial changes in the regulations as to customs administration will be made immediately, so far as existing law will permit. * * * General provisions benefiting Amer- ican trade: In addition to the daty reductions provided in the agreement, several im- portant advantages for American trade have been secured. Thus, as a result of the most favored nation status, which we hereafter enjoy, American commercial travelers will have the privilege of bringing in their samples 7 undertakings that the government will | sponsor legislation amending the three | | under bond instead of having to pay full duty without refund. Again, the | products of any non-empire country shipped to Canada in transit through American ports will hereafter receive as favorable treatment by the Cana- dian customs as if they had come di- rectly over. The Canadian government has given assurance in a not: that it will sponsor legislation in Parliament to permit residents of Canada visiting the United States to bring back with them free of duty articles for their personal use up to a value of $100, a privilege similar to that now enjoyed by Americans returning from visits to Canada or other countries. U. S. Concessions to Canada. The concessions granted by the United States in exchange for the ad- vantages thus secured from Canada for our agriculture and industry may be briefly summarized as follows: 1. The binding of the existing free entry into this country of pulpwood, wood pulp and newsprint paper; un- manufactured wood generally; certain kinds of simply manufactured wood such as shingles and lathe; certain fishery products including lobsters; certain kinds of furs: crude asbestos, crude artificial abrasives, certain fer- tilizers, and & number of less important commodities. of this means no . change in the existing free list. 2. Reductions in duty, but for speci- fied quantities on cattle, calves, dairy cows, cream, certified seed potatoes and lumber and timber of Douglas fir or Western hemlock; any imports in excess of the specified quantities will pay the old rates. 3. Reductions in duty on Ifmber and timber of other species; on Ched- dar cheese, turnips, apples, hay, maple sugar, live poultry and horses. on halibut and certain minor kinds of fish, and on patent leather, harness| leather, ferromanganese, ferrosilicon, acetic acid and several other minor items. 4. The binding against increase of the existing 10 per cent duty on cer- tain feedstuffs for animals. Here again no change in our present tariff is made. Clause on Restrictions. The United States, as in the case of its trade agreements with other countries, agrees that on all com- modities Canada sells to this country she will receive the treatment ac- corded to the most-favored nation, except of course that accorded to our territories and possessions and to Cuba, * * * Wood Pulp Provisions. The agreement recently made with A Sweden bound on the free list certain major classes of wood pulp, of which Canada is also an important supplier, having furnished us such pulp to a value of $16,485,000 in 1920. Canada, of course, obtains the benefit of the obligation given to Sweden. The Canadian trade agreemeni itself pro- vides for binding on the free list other classes of wood pulp and a number | of other articles of great importance. | The articles thus bound accounted in | 1929 for about $221,000,000 worth of | imports from Canada, or 44 per cent | |of our total purchases from that| country. Total imports from Canada in 1929 | of those dutiable articles of which Canada is our principal foreign sup- plier were valued at about $135,000,- 000. The trade agreement reduces the duties on commodities valued in the trade of that year at about $79,000,000 or somewhat less than 60 per cent of this total. These duty reductions apply to commodities representing about 16| per cent of our total imports from Canada in 1929. * * * Reciprocal Concessions. Reciprocal concessions on agricul-| tural products: In the negotiation of this agree- ment our Government has recognized that a substantial balance should be 2 | Canada), | pound) 400,000 consisted of certain animal feedstuffs, and the agreement binds against increasing our present 10 per cent auty on these. On commodities of which the imports from Canada in 1929 amounted to about $25.000.000, the duties have been reduced. This total includes cattle, calves, dairy cows, cream and certified seed potatoes. On these the new lower rates apply only to specified quantities, any larger im- ports continuing to pay the old duuci. These five items accounted for only $17.000.000 in our imports from Can- ada in 1929. * * Maple Sugar Duty Cut. American duties have also been re- duced on maple sugar, turnips and frozen blueberries. Imports of these commodities supplement our inade- quate domestic production. A concession is made by the United States on cattle, calves and dairy cows. | But the duty reduction on cattle re- lates only to those weighing 700 pounds or more each, the imports of which come almost entirely from Canada. The rate is reduced from 3 to 2 cents per pound, but is at the same time specifically provided that entries (from all countries and not merely from at this lower rate may not exceed in any year three-fourths of 1 per cent of our average annual total domestic slaughter of cattle and calves from 1928 to 1932. The lowered duty on calves (1'% cents against the former 2': cents per is similarly specifically lim- ited to a small’percentage, of domestic production, and that on dairy cows (also 1! cents) is specifically limited to 20,000 head, which is a small frac- tion of 1 per cent of the number of cows annually reaching the milk pro- ducing age in the United States. It is self-evident that the imports of cattle, calves and dairy cows at the reduced rate, within the limits thus specified, cannot appreciably affect the prices received by our farmers. It may be noted, in this cannection, that the reduced duty on cattle will benefit many American farmers who fatten purchased feeders for sale, since a large proportion of the small (Continued on Ninth Page.) Al