Evening Star Newspaper, October 26, 1935, Page 8

A—8 , THE EVENING STAR With Sunday Morning Edition. A WASHINGTON, D. C. _ ‘BATURDAY . ...October 26, 1835 e THEODORE W. NOYES...........Editer bedssesmrmdbaiondriomtor it bt st . The Evening Star Newspaper Company. ‘Business Office: 11th St. and Pennsyivania Ave. New York Office: 110 East 42nd 8t. im0 e B Rate by Carrier Within the City. Regular Editten. — —==efbc per month Ihe. Sunday ‘StAFcemmmme-. Night Final Editlol gllh‘ Final apd Sunday Stal ARG ER% Sade-ai the sndol. Orders muy be sent by mail or telephon tional 5000. Rate by Mail—Payable in Advance. Maryiand and Virginia. .. $10.00; 75 %800 All Other States a lly and "lnfll!--l yr.. $12. ] -1 yr.. S8 Bl et B Member of the Associated Press. k d also the al E E?l’ “Fights of publication of sbecial dispatches erein are also reserved. _— b No Peace Yet. ' Although the past week witnessed an easing of tension in the European rami- fications of the Italo-Ethiopian contro- wversy, it cannot yet be affirmed, on the basis of anything tangibly authentic, that peace is in sight. Old World skies are still beclouded. Along with alleged conciliatory “soundings” on Mussolini's part come reports that the Italian army’s supreme “push” on all fronts in Ethi- opia is due on Monday, which marks the thirteenth anniversary of the Fascist march on Rome. Italy's “peace moves,” outside of what ay be going on behind the diplomatic scenes, consist primarily of plans to reduce her garrison in Libya, with which 11 Duce has been threatening Egypt. His hope was that Great Britain would re- spond by withdrawing portions of her naval force in the Mediterranean. There is no indication that Mussolini's gesture has had the desired effect. Transfers of certain units of the fleet are imminent, but replacements are planned which will leave unimpaired the vast strength which John Bull has concentrated along his “life line” from Gibraltar to the Suez Canal. Britain's apparently irreducible minimum is Italy's withdrawal from Ethiopia, or at least a stoppage of aggres- sive operations there, Of such inten- tions Mussolini gives no sign. Nor do the British reveal any enthusiasm for the general terms on which Italy re- putedly is prepared to discuss peace, for these contemplate annexation of huge slices of the invaded country and virtual Fascist domination of the rest of it. Ethiopian independence would vanish. Neither the League of Nations nor Britain is likely to consider such a peace debatable. As King George, in proroguing Parlia- ment, expressed his “gravest concern” over the crisis, official predictions were voiced in London that League measures against Ttaly will absolutely go on. While opening the election campaign in a broadcast address last night, Prime Min- Ister Baldwir left little doubt on that score, He even went the length of sug- gesting that economic sanctions may . lead to a navai blockade of Italy, and ncknowledgéd that “the brunt of the trouble which may result” will fall on the British Navy. Mr. Baldwin hopes that Britain will not have to act alone, but indicated her readiness‘to do so if necessary, He also reafirms British re- Iuctance to go into a blockade unless the government is sure beforehand of the attitude of the United States. Em- phasis on that point lends special in- terest to the reply Washington is about tn make to Geneva respecting American intentions regarding sanctions against Italy. The coming week is destined to bring fateful decisions. As the zero hour ap- proaches, Mussolini is left increasingly certain that his Ethiopian conquest pro- gram will not be allowed to proceed un- ghallenged. - Gangsters kill one another relentlessly. The law alone is likely to be agreed on &t any time as a common enemy. Every protest by citizens against tax burdens is another argument for keeping out of war. .| Modernism Declining? A work of frank modernistic subject and style has been awarded the thou- sand dollar first prize at the thirty-third international exhibition of the Car- negie Institute, Pittsburgh., The fortu- nate painter is Hipolito Hidalgo, de Caviedes, a Spanish colorist, hitherto known to fame principally for the murals in the Cafe Fuentelarreyna and the Zum Lustigen Walfisch beer cellar at Madrid. His canvas is entitled “Elvira and Tiberio” and represents “an embarrassed but happy pair of young South Ameri- can Negroes, all dressed up in their Sunday best and perched primly on the edge of an emerald green sofa.” Elvira, it is explained, “has a gay wreath of pink poppies around her Dolly Vardon hat,” and Tiberio is shown arrayed in “immaculate white linen * * * set off by a magnificent striped shirt.” The Jury, asked for reasons for their selec- tion of the work over three hundred and sixty-four others submitted, “thought its shrewd color scheme was the deciding factor.” But who would want the composition banging in his parlor? Granted that it may be an excellent example of modern experimentalism, how long would any public gallery retain it in preference to & picture not handicapped by seasonal popularity? These questions are fair to ask, because they are those which time, careless of fads and fashions, postulates with regard to every fruit of human genius. It is not enough to answer that such an effort is worthy of preservation s a specimen of the thought and feeling of an epoch. Eternity cares little for the detail of history. Rather, it demands . THE EVENING STAR, WASHINGTON, the greatest and the best without refer~ ence to eonditions of production. No one bothers about the struggles of Michelangelo and Raphael. All that matters is their work. If it be notable, it will survive. Otherwise, oblivion will be its fate. And such a destiny is forecast for the vast majority of contemporary efforts. The school of esthetic panic which Ce- zanne, Van Gogh, Gauguin, Matisse, Pi- casso, Epstein and the rest have estab- lished is built upon sand. Its theory was treason to nature; its popularity was a mushroom growth, sadly ephemeral. The ateliers and the salesrooms of the world are cluttered with its wreckage. But it has no future. A new generation already is flying from it. For proof, consider what has occurred in Europe during the past Summer. At the International Exposition in Brus- sels there were two galleries of equal size —one for “new” art and one for “old.” The latter was crowded with visitors day after day; the former was as empty as a drum. People preferred permanent to temporary values. Meanwhile, in Paris an exhibition of “old” Italian pictures was “packing them in” The Royal Academy show in London was the most conservative in many years and attracted swarms of the kind of men and women who “never saw a purple cow, and never hope to see one.” O ) The Parking Problem. If Major Pierre L'Enfant could have foreseen the motor car when he laid out the American Capital city, he would perhaps—indeed probably—have planned for the daily keeping of the individual cars in the downtown section. But Major L’Enfant did not envision the individual transport facilities of a century and a half beyond his period. He did not fore- see a Washington of the size in popula- tion or indeed in area of today. He did not, nor did any of those engaged at the time in the organization and establish- ment of the Federal administration, fore- see the development of a Government of ten execufive departments and scores of bureaus and a peace-time personnel of administration of more than a hun- dred thousand, in Washington alone. Had Major L'Enfant foreseen the motor car, almost a century before it came in its first crude form, and the great enlargement of the Federal organization at the Capital, he might have done some- thing about the parking necessities of the army of Government workers. He might have laid out large areas on his map marked “Reserved for future parking purposes,” although there would have been much puzzlement over what he meant by the word “parking.” He might have anticipated the coinage in his native language of the word “garage,” and designated spaces for buildings of that character, as public utilities. But Major L'Enfant foresaw none of these .things, and consequently the Washington which he planned made no provision for the twice-daily storage of the individual transport machines of the people, near the homes at night and near the places of business during the day. Thus the problem came upon the community and the Government in later years without basic anticipation. It grew into a problem, in fact, with the community and the Government almost unawares. Now it is a serious one indeed and no one can tell the solution. The gravity of the question has been most lately stressed by the outcome of a meeting of the American Federation of Government Employes, at which a resolution was adopted demanding the provision of free parking facilities for all residents of the District. No attempt was made in the formulation of this de- mand to solve the incidental but highly importent problem of how this large- scale-parking facility should be financed. The proponents of the resolution pointed out that free parking is provided for certain speclally favored officials, and this accommodation, without cost to the ennsumer, should be extended to all re- gardless of rank. What a pity that the founders of the Capital did not plan it on a larger sale! What a pity that they could not have foreseen the motor car and its general, almost universal, use! How much it is to be regretted that they did not antici- pate the traffic congestion perils and make the streets of the Capital even wider and straighter! But, as for that matter, how unfortunate it is that the city fathersof only a very few decades ago did not, with the approval of the all- powerful Congress, rule firmly and irrevocably that the streets should not be used for what have come to be called garages, a word that originally meant a railroad siding! Had these things been there would not today be such a grievous problem as that of trying to get a hun- dred thousand and more motor cars into the space that is suitable for only about & quarter of that number. Great wars in and around the Mediter- ranean are less excusable than in the ancient classic days. The poets and painters remaining to celebrate them are greatly inferior, Headed for Home. Jimmie's coming back! Yes, the play- boy of Broadway, once mayor of Greater New York, blithe jester and grateful recipient of the bounty of generous friends, is on the high seas, headed for Manhattan. Everything is arranged so that he will not be pestered about his income tax delinquencies, if any. There is nqthing to cause him alarm, unless it be the préspect of a rousing ticker- tape welcome upon his arrival. On sail- ing from Southampton yesterday he de- clared that the prospect of such a re- ception terrified him. Maybe his frtends and one-time political cohorts who have been talking about tying down the tug whistles and making whoopee generally when his ship comes up the bay will have mercy upon him and let this modest viclet of a former mayor slip back to the big town without embarrassing clamor of rejoicing. Politics? Nothing doing! A Absolutely nothing! True, he has been “approached” about returning to political life, but he has rejected active participation “in any | 4 politics whatsoever, municipal or other= wise.” And no more of this “Broadway playboy” business. That role is out for good. It wili be the law for Jimmy, the practice of the law, in which he once shone with a somewhat reflected light cast by the sun of Tammany. This is a wise choice of career. There is nothing in politics for a scrupulously honest man in such a place as New York, and there is nothing whatever in the playboy business. The former leads into temptation and the latter into bank- ruptcy. It would veritably seem as though the former mayor had awakened to a new sense of responsibility and to have gained a new strength of character. He is a clever man, smart and shrewd, and there is no reason why he should not prosper under the new order of things, especially as the menace of complica- tions over those somewhat irregular in- come tax returns of the halcyon days of rich largess from admirers and favor- seckers has passed with special dispen- sation from the all-highest. — et Mr. Hopkins is reported to contemplate, under Government auspices, art develop- ment ranging from Shakespeare to song and dance. His responsibilities for deep erudition and swift decision will surpass even those of Mr. Hays, who surrendered the comparatively easy task of political campaigner to assume the duties of czar of the movies. Since the appearance of war in world history the supply of political problems has increased. There has also been cor- responding increase in demand for solu- tions. The only answering suggestion seems to be that however good the dialogue may be the action results in one wild war after another. po e The work of the educator becomes especially hard when argument arises as to distinction between factual informa- tion and insidious opinion. At all events, the Nation is entitled to feel safe and happy so long as no board of education will under any circumstances fear being ordered out to be shot at sunrise. Bureaucracy seems to solve many prob- lems with a few initials. The only diffi- culty appears to be that of producing enough high intellectual authority to be subdivided among so many responsi- bilities, TN ST ‘The topography of Ethiopia is not attractive for colonization purposes. It has, however, some areas that can be applied to the increasing demlnd. for graveyard sites. Even the most elaborate housing sys- tems will involve overhead. The ancient Jyric, “What you gwinter do when de rent comes ‘round,” will still have its place in folk song. Shooting Stars. BY PHILANDER JOHNSON. The Haunted Porch. The rocking chairs keep rocking As the breeze comes wandering by, ‘Though empty is the Summertime hotel. | The little birds are flocking From the chilly Autumn sky Quite undisturbed around the porch to to dwell, And an influence all ghostly Seems to gather 'round the spot As you recollect the gossip and the game That were mild and harmless, mostly. They are faded and forgot. But the rocking chairs keep rocking, just | the same, There's a trace of youthful sighing In the tremor of the breeze As 1t hovers, now unwelcomed, through the place. ‘There are voices harsh and trying; There are murmurs ill at ease, Though of hum#in presence there is not a trace. With the flowers they have vanished, With ‘the flowers theyll return, Those Summer throngs that met with glad acclaim. The music has been banished, And the lights no longer burn, But the rocking chairs keep rogking, just the same. . Prestige. “What is your idea of ease with dig- nity?” “The attainment of a position,” re- plied Senator Sorghum, “where people won't laugh if you talk about lecturing as if it were regular work.” Advancing Ideals. “How is your daughter progressing in music?” “Well,” replied M® Cumrox, “I think her taste is improving. She is getting . so she thinks enough of some of those songs not to try to sing them.” Sound and Size. A little whistle may turn out . The tone that sounds the loudest. The smallest man will often shout The fiercest and the proudest. Seeking Neighborly Assistance. “Your dog—" “That’s my wife’s dog.” “Anyhow, he keeps me awake all night. I've simply got to complain about it.” “Come on over to the house and see my wife. If you can think of any com- plaints that I haven’t made I want to hear ’em.” - Hard to Convince. “Rafferty,” said Mr. Dolan, “are you wan o' those people that never know when they’re whipped?” “I am not. But I take nobody’s word for it except the doctor’s after I come 0. Barker and Performer. The politician hollers loud To catch the notice of the crowd. The statesman labors sure and slow And tries to give us all a show. “People dat tell all dey knows,” said Uncle Eben, “don’ ginerally seem to find out much worth tellin".” A A D. C, Crime-Prevention Work Through the Boys’ Clubs To the Editor of The Star: In a recent issue of the National Re- there is an article entitled “Buil Future Citizénship,” which enunciates a “thesis concerning the-re- duction of crime with which I have long been in agreement. If our criminal pop~ ulation is to be reduced, we must com- mence with the children. "It would be far better, I think, to apportion some of our energies in the apprehension of the matured criminals to the sources from which criminality originates—the faulty environment of the adolescents. Crime-prevention work will be largely futile if the conditions that make for progressive crime in the youngster are not corrected. Criminals are made; they are not born. A healthy youngster, with zest and enthusiasm, whose energies cannot be directed in constructive chan- nels will take the path of least resistance. There is a relationship between the boy who will steal an apple from the fruit vender and the criminal who will hold up an individual at night. The apple incident will lead to other more serious forms of anti-social conduct that cannot be treated with levity or laughed off as being smart. In nine cases out of 10 the child in a faulty environment will wind up as a matured criminal by the time he is 20 or 21. I have been interested in juvenile de- linquency for a number of years now and I am firmly convinced that all the boys need to correct their attitude is the proper environment, physical surround- ings and parents; but since in most cases of child delinquents these are absent, outside agencies, such as the Boys’ Clubs, perform valuable services. Even the child who comes from a good home and & good environment will find the Boys’ Club an inspiration and a preventive against lapsing into anti-social acts. I hope that these comments will help, if ever so little, the promotion of the good work that the Boys’ Clubs are doing for the adolescent of the land. It is encouraging to note that through- out the country the rehabilatory work among boys is constantly advancing and many citizens prominent in their respec- tiye communities are stressing the value of prevention rather than apprehension. Our jails do not conform, and the amount of prevention they bring about is negligible. The growing boy can be a good citizen or a dreaded criminal. It is up to society to lead the boy. Once he becomes a criminal there is very little hope of saving him and reclaiming him for society. Crime-prevention work among children is the only intelligent method of making a real attack against crime. If we increase this work we will not need to build more and more prisons nor will the taxpavers have to support these tens of thousands of recidivists. JOHN J. STUPKA, Managing Editor, Police Journal of the Fraternal Order of Police, Chicago, Ill. r—— | Not the Time for Guidance By Outworn Mythology To the Editor of The Star In our present civilized state (?) it is amusing to find so often a serious at- tempt to combine science with myth, truth with superstition. So, I suppose it is in keeping with one aspect of our time that M. A. Stottlemeyer urges air- ways and not subways for the Capital because it is folly “to suggest subway just as we are entering Aquarius, an air sign, to be there the next seven years!” I suppose that if we were to enter what- ever zodiacal sign there may be favor- able to ditch digging we should devote our energies to subways and beware of airways! | Certainly this is an air age, but it is not necessary that we put an air screw | on every machine just to make sure we're living up to the symbol of the age! Airways in a city are not near as prac- tical—and as useful—as airways for a State or country. And, it seems to me, one advocating such a form of intraurban transportation should study carefully every angle of the matter and should try to present sounder arguments than such statements laden with pseudo- science as, “in building in the air you have the cosmic forces working with you.” Subways have proved rather successful | ‘Washingtonians | b | reaching implications as to the mech- in many large cities. will not object to spending a few minutes underground if by so dging they are carried speedily and safely to their desti- | After all, streamlining of ter- | nation. restrial vehicles is an ample indication of our universal air-mindedness—we don't have to put wings on everything that transports. Mr. Stottlemeyer is to be commended for his taking a real interest in Wash- ington’s traffic problem, but his sugges- tion can only be amusing—rather than constructive—when he declares that everything would move along much easier “if we humans worked with the move- ments of the planets in our solar sys- tem.” Perhaps I am only bringing down on my head the wrath of those who bow to astrology. But it seems to me that if we humans worked more co-operatively toward a practical application of the wonderful forces and products which the scientist gives us as a result of his sin- cere work in the realm of pure science, we would accomplish much rhore than we ever can by conducting ourselves according to the ascendancy of fawer- able stars! When we shall put away superstition and an outworn mythology and open our minds to accepting the truth and apply- ing that truth to our needs we shall then be working with “supreme energy”! Pure science unlocks many secrets and applied science builds civilization. Put firmly— even if reluctantly—Taurus, Pisces, Cap- ricornus, etc., back to their proper age —when man was young. “Come forth unto the light of things. Let Nature be your teacher!” C. BRAWNER, JR. University of Virginia. Pronunciation of Helena and St. Helena To the Editor of The Star: Sincg the earthquakes in Montana we have had our attention drawn to the correct pronunciation of the city of Helena. The correct way to pronounce it is to place the accent on the first syllable. I understood a radio announcer recently That is not correct. The or, in other words, the may the majority of persons have always pronounced it. The word is thought to have been derived from the name of the mother of Con- stantine the Great. Her name was Saint Helena, the latter part being pronounced city called Helena and not as in e of Napoleon's prison, strange SATURDAY, OCTOBER 26, 1935. "THIS AND THAT BY CHARLES E. TRACEWELL. The story of Chick, & cat, and how he broke his leg, and healed it all by him- self, is told in a recent letter to this column. “Dest Sir: Having read a number of interesting articles in The Star which you have written about animals, I would like to tell you about a cat we once had. “People do not believe it when I tell it but it is true. The cat was just an ordinary cat, no pedigree, just a gray and black striped cat, but a great pet in our family, and had been taught many little tricks. “We had chickens and when the chickens were called he would come, 50 we called him Chick. “One day he came into the house with one of his back legs broken, and I said, ‘Oh, Chick has broken his leg, I guess he will have to be put to sleep,’ and we were all so distressed at the thought. “He climbed on the couch and lay down, wouldn't eat anything. I carried milk to him and he lapped a little of it. “He lay there for three days just lap- ping a little milk, then he got up and went on three legs out into the yard. I told my mother I thought he had gone off to die. She watched him, and said he had put his leg on the cold ground to keep the fever out. “I went down and carried milk to him. After a few days I noticed he would stretch out the Broken leg at intervals and we watched him, and my mother said ‘he is trying to set his leg.” And he kept that up until he set it and although he set it a little crooked he could climb fences and run and jump and do all the little tricks he had learned and he lived six or seven years afterward. urye O ‘The general interest in this cat story lies in the attention it calls to the necessity for giving Nature a chance. The healing power of Nature, famous since antiquity, is as powerful today as ever it was, only the average person doesn’'t quite trust it for human beings. With our animal friends, however, we can give it a chance to work, and often the results are surprising, to say the least. No doubt many an ill and suffering animal has been killed, when if it had been let alone for a time, and kept from further harm. Nature migh{ have healed it of its injuries. It must never be forgotten that dogs and cats live much closer to the uni- versal mother than man. Many centuries of quasi-civilization have stretched a slight veil between Nature and mankind. Just how thick this covering is we do not know, but that it is there any doctor can tell you. The mental side of man, alone, tends to interfere between the healing power of Nature and the specimen of Nature, | man, on which the power operates. It is well known in every one’s experi- ence that the mind colors health and illness, particularly the latter. Who is there who has not waked in the night with what seemed to be a very sore throat, only to find it disappear of itself with advancing light? e Animal friends of man instinctively do what is right in regard to 4heir ili- nesses and physical misfortunes. If a cat wants to lie on the cold earth, let him do it. If he seems to crave liver, and noth- STARS, MEN ing else, let him eat it, despite the admonitions of the books. No matter how many say a cat should not be permitted to drink water while ill, Nature says let him dsink, if he can find it, and wants it. His desire is, in effect, Nature's desire. That there should be failures in this method of treating sick animals need occasion no surprise. There are many failures in all sorts of treatment. Nature ror man guarantees, when it comes to life, and health and ill health. Up to a certain point, there is always hope; beyond that, none. . But who is to know that point? There is the orux of the matter, and as long as it cannot be settled definitely, except in a few cases, the animal had better be given his chance, * ok * What seems to be a broken leg may be nothing more than a sprained leg. Often a fit, which appears very terrible to casual inspection, is really only a salutary effort of Nature to throw off certain inimical conditions. After the seizure, the animal may never have another one. Kittens and small cats, for instance, fed too many vegetables, often will throw fits, due to such bulky matter in stomachs unfitted for it. Such fits are quite temporary, but to the person unacquainted with them seem very terrible, indeed. There ¢an be little question that many a poor kitten, thus afflicted, through the ignorance of its owner has been hustled off to an untimely grave, when a little patience, and permitting old Doc Nature to take a hand in the case, would have pulled it through in no time at all. * X ¥ ¥ ‘The average pet owner is not capable of diagnosis, but he will do a great deal if he hesitates, rather than act precipi- tately. While he may make mistakes, that is no more than doctors do, at times, being human, after all. * ‘While too much trust may be placed in Nature, it is probable that most per- sons err in the other direction. They should remember that an animal is, by that very fact, closer to the power that made 1t. Its responses for good or evil are quicker, and probably a great deal more sure. Certainly it has no mind, in the human sense, to stand between it and the great sources. ‘The animal life that flows along as well determined directions. It would seem evident that when these directions are changed, the deflections tend to get back in the old directions again as soon as possible. This is true of humanity, too, but not as much so. We know too much—and too little. The animal, as such, knows nothing. The mysterious power of instinct, call it what one will, stands the brute crea- than not it serves him better. In the long roll of creation; the brute has no | need to be ashamed of his instinct- knowledge. It has been his for too long | for him to go back on it. Perhaps if | man could get that steadfast faith more firmly for his own, he would be a great deal better off than he is, and more surely the eternal heir of the ages. Nothing unites us to all that is more than these | dog or cat, however pedigreed or hum- ble, which cannot teach us a great deal, | if only we would listen. AND ATOMS Notebook of Science Progress in Field, Laboratory and Study. BY THOMAS R. HENRY. Changing the “personality” of a sheep | | is reported by Dr. O. D. Anderson, Na- tional Research Council fellow, and Dr. H. B. Liddell of Cornell University. Upon the experiment, described in the current issue of the Archives of Psy- | chiatry and Neurology, may depend far- anism of personality differences in the brains of other animals and men. The fact that the sheep is one of the most stupid of animals and one of the last to be suspected of having any “personality” to be changed makes the results all the | more significant. It was found possible to bring about a | “nervous breakdown,” to change an ordi- narily placid and co-operative animal | into a restless and resisting one, and to repeat the process by the same meth- ods. The celebrated Russian physiol- ogist, Pavlov, did the same thing with dogs several years ago and upon his re- sults have been built up some of the current theories in education and child training. The work of Anderson and Liddell, however, indicates that Pavlov's theory of how it happened was wrong. The two experimenters were trying to study conditioned reflexes in sheep. They would give the animal a mild electric shock, not painful, but strong enough to make it lift one of its legs. Simultane- ously with the shock, or just before it, a noise of some sort would be made—in these cases the ticking of a metronome. After many trials the sheep would raise its leg at the tick, without waiting for the shock. Once the conditioned reflex was established they set to work to refine it. The shock was made to follow, after a brief interval, a definite number of ticks. They started with five and soon had the sheep to the point where it would raise its leg on the fifth tick. Then they increased the number of ticks up to 20, and also the number of trials a day. The result was that the animal was put under greater and greater ten- sion. As the period of the ticks increased there was required more and more inhi- bition of the impulse to move before the final sound, which was the signal for the shock, was heard. Quite suddenly the characteristic bé- havior of the animal underwent a marked cbange. It‘had to be dragged The placid sheep had suffered a “nerv- ous breakdown.” Only a long vacation in the pasture restored it to normal. That was essentially what had hap- pened to Paviov’s dogs. The difference was that this sheep and others used in later experiments who reacted in the same way, had often been used in maze learning experiments where, in order to escape from a simple maze, it was neces- sary to learn the way through a process sheep had proved drawn the energy to initiate the be- havior. From the other was drawn the energy 4o restrain it and keep it within proper bounds. If too much was taken from either side—in either dogs or men— there resulted a disbalance which might amount to a nervous breakdown or to definite insanity. . Natural inequalities in this balance, on the inhibition side. on *he activity side. much further disturbance of the balance psychosis or the other into something like dementia precox. He produced mild cases of both in his dogs. But, says Anderson and Liddell, the port to this theory. Why didn't the nervous breakdown come when the ani- mal was trying so unsuccessfully to solve the maze? Here it showed no personality change, although as eventually in the electric shock experiments, the condition- ing sought required too fine discrimina- tion for the brain to make. The only essential difference between the two, they say, was that in the electric shock experiment the sheep was re- strained on the platform, whereas in movement. run away from the problem confronting it. It had to stand on the platform and face it. In the other, where it was under no restraint, it could ignore the problem or forget all about it. It wasn’t “on the spot.” Hence, they conclude, the real cause of the nervous breakdown was not some hypothetical balance of activating and inhibiting forces in the brain. It was the closing of avenues of escape. The behavior of the sheep is characterized as “like that of a nervous child forced to obey too many commands.” Neglectful. Prom the Battle Creek (Mich.) Enquirer-News. It was Leif Ericsson day in honor of the discoverer of America, but no flags were flying. Leif was the first inventor who forgot to put a patent on his discovery. A Rhyme at Twilight By Gertrude, Brooke Hamilton Intermingled Colors Types from all races are seen in the town, Varied in hue as the leaves blowing Saffron _brmleolnhr.mn,mked Caucasian, red skins and Moorish brot A colorful pageant sweeping thru town. And the vivid leaves that are blowing down Make a magic carpet for prince and clown; Por the people—throngs from over the Andtmm" East and West of our own country— Prismatic colors these days in town Underdgo:mx skies as the suns go Nature intended it\should, goes quietly in l ture instead of intelligence. Oftener | things we sometimes tend to be ashamed | of. these precious instincts. There is no | in every brain-mediated act of an organ- | ism. From one side of the balance was | Paviov held, were responsible for the | different temperaments. The active, en- | thusiastic, talkative fellow had too little | The quiet, se- ; cluded, introverted fellow had too little | It did not require | to send the one into a manic depressive | behavior of their sheep gives little sup- | ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS " By Prederic J. Haskin, A reader can get the answer to any question of fact by writing The Washing~ ton Evening Star Imformation Bureau, Frederic J. Haskin, Director, Washing- ton, D.C. Please inclose stamp for reply. Q. Where was Sybil Jason, the baby recrult to Holywood, born?—H. A. A. She was born in Cape Town, South Africa, five and a half years ago. She was taken to London, where she has ap- peared in two motion pictures, and did some broadcasting, and made some rec- ords with an orchestra. Q. How many cadets of Jewish faith are there at West Point?—H. 8. A. At the present time, there are 17, Q. Are women permitted to vote in Cuba?—C. J. R. A. The provisional constitution adopted in 1934 granted this right to women, and the new eonstitution promulgated in June, 1935, gives them this right. It also provides that Cuban women mar- ried to foreigners retain their citizen- ship. A foreign woman married to a Cuban acquires Cuban citizenship, unless she chooses to retain her nationality of origin. Q. What is the name given to the soil conservation manner of planting crops on hillsides?—L. M. A. It is called contour farming. Q. If there are more Federal prisoners than can be kept in Federal prisons, what is done with them?—A. T. P. A. Due to crowded conditions nearly 7,000 prisoners are now being “boarded” in city, county and State institutions. Q. Why are West Virginians nick- named snakes?—U. W. G. A. The first body of troops enlisted south of the Potomac for service in the Revolutionary War, was a company of ‘West Virginia pioneers. Their banner was emblazoned with a coiled rattle- snake ready to strike and the signficant motto, “Don’t Tread on Me.” Q. How many branches of science were aided by Admiral Byrd's last polar expedition?—R. F. A. In a recent lecture Admiral Byrd told his audience that 22 branches of science were served by the expedition’s observations. +Q. What is the Millionaires' Club of | Miamj Beach?—W. W. A. The real name of the organization which is popularly so-called is the Committee of 100, consisting of Winter residents of the city. It was originally founded after the hurricane in 1926 as a civic body for rehabilitation purposes. It has now expanded to approximately 400 members and has developed into a social organization. Q. What was the first periodical to be called a magazine?—K. P. G. A. The Gentleman's Magazine, pub- lished in London in 1731, and founded and edited by Edward Cave, was the first. Q. What is the name of the park which John D. Rockefeller, jr, pre- sented to New York?—T. R. A. Fort Tryon Park, famous for its natural beauty and historic part in the Revolutionary War, was presented to the city by Mr. Rockefeller. Mr. Rockefeller paid $1.700000 for the park property which formerly was the C. K. G. Billings estate. He also spent $3,600,000 for Q. H,o'Tmuch of Italy’s food is im- >—T. E. A. Italy imports one-fifth of her food. Q. How did the dollar become the basis of our currency?—L. L. A. The dollar was introduced into America by the West India trade before the Revolution. The coinage act of the 2nd of April, 1792, legalized it and estab- | lished it as a unit of American currency. The inconvenience of the English system of money led Congress in 1781 to in- struct Robert Morris to devise a system of national coinage. His suggestions were not adopted. but those proposed by Jefferson were approved. He proposed the dollar as-a unit to be equivalent to 100 cents. Q. Is Bruno Hauptmann's autobi- ;gr:‘phy written in English or German?— A. His 36,000-word book was written in German and has been translated. ‘Q. Is “whoopee” a comparatively new slang word?—G. L. A. “Whoopee” was used as long as 300 years ago by Britons as an exclamation. Q. How many people over 100 years old are living in the United States?>—W. S. A. The Federal Census Bureau records 4.110 persons who are 100 or more years old. Q. What are some of the advantages of a junior college?—M. B. A. The advantages claimed for it are: ! It does away with overlapping in high the maze experiment it had freedom of In the one case it couldn't | school and college courses; it enables the college to concentrate on more advanced courses; it gives adequate training to those who cannot have or who do not wish to have a full college course. Q. Where was trench warfare first used in the Civil War?—M. C. A. The first intricate system of trenches constructed on a battlefield were at the Bloody Angle on the Spot- sylvania Court House Battlefield. The fighting raged around these trenches on May 10 and 12, 1864. Q. Who said “Age comes in a night, and is incredible”?—H. J. A. The saying is attributed to Ambrose Bierce. Q. Please give a definition of whisky.— KL A. One given by Federal Alcohol Ad- ministrator Pranklin C. Hoyt is gas follows:. An alcoholic distillate from a fermented mash of grain, distilled at less than 190 degrees proof, in such manner that the distillate possesses the taste, aroma and characteristics gen- erally attributed to whisky, and with~ drawn from the cistern room of the dis- tillery at not more than 110 degrees proof and not less than 80 degrees proof. _34 ‘I:nw many untouchables has India? A. There are now 60,000,000, or one- sixth of the population. Q. When was the first airmail carried from Havana, Cuba, to the United States?—C. M. H. A. The date of the first airmail flight from Havana to the United States was November 1, 1920. Q. How many pounds of potatoes are of 1