Evening Star Newspaper, October 22, 1935, Page 5

EPREMIER FEAR AR FOR EGYPT Ismail Pasha Sidky Says Future Jeopardized by “Squeeze Play.” By the Associated Press. CAIRO, Egypt, October 22.—Former Premier Ismail Pasha Sidky said to- day he believes Great Britain and Jtaly are executing a squeeze play on Egypt which is forcing this country onto the field of battle. Sidky, whose “iron hand” govern- ment endured longer than any other since the World War, declared in an interview Egypt is being forced against its will “into the field of battle be- tween two big powers"—Britain and Italy. Recognized as one of the outstand- ing figures of Egyptian politics, whose government was supported strongly by Britain, the former premier made colear he wants “Egypt to be friends will all nations.” Fears Italian Disaffection. Sitting in his home beneath an autographed picture of Premier Mus- solini of Italy, Sidky expressed the fear that Egypt's future might be preju- diced by her being made an enemy of Italy. ~Our country is being treated in this affair as a colony populated with prim- itive peoples who have to bow with- out an understanding of everything imposed upon them,” he said. Commenting on the week end speech n England of Walter Runciman, pres- ident of the British board of trade, in which Alexandria was described as the “strategic center of the world,” Bidky said: “Unhappily.for Egyptians, it is the strategic center for the British. We would like Alexandria to be the center for both Egypt and Britain.” Prefers British Alliance. Asked if he preferred Egypt to be in a position to call on the United States and other powers for protection in case of an emergency instead of having Britain solely responsible for national defense, he said he would prefer a military alliance with Eng- land. “We have common interests,” he explained, “but I want to see a mili- tary alliance on an equal footing. ‘We would like such an alliance if we got_compensations. “Sentimental tendencies incline the ‘Egyptian people to accord their sym- pathies to a neighbor country whose independence is menaced. On the other hand, Italian intervention in Ethiopia does not affect seriously our interests in the source of the Blue Nile—interests which are exaggerated. Insists on Enlightened Role. “In this matter we received all kinds of assurances Italy would not touch our ancient rights. This British statesmen have revealed in their speeches. “We keep on declaring we would | be glad to keep ourselves on the side of Britain and her efforts toward triumph of principles of the League of Nations. But we must do this as an independent, conscientious country, ot as a blindfolded people—but no- body is listening to us.” -— - SPANISH EMBARGO BANS WAR GOODS TO ITALY Any and All Chemicals Which Might Be Used in Conflict In- cluded in First Decisive Step. By the Associated Press. MADRID, October 22.—The Span- ish government issued a decree today prohibiting exportation of war mate- rials of any description to Italy. The decree was the first decisive step Spain had taken in the Italo-Ethiopian dis- pute. It was decided on by the cabinet after Salvador de Madariaga, Spain's representative at the League of Na- tions, recommended that the League’s program for an arms embargo against Italy be actively supported by Spain. The decree, effective tomorrow, when {t will be published in the official ga- gette, specifies that the embargo in- cludes any and all chemicals which might be used in chemical warfare, Spain is the world’s largest pro- ducer of quicksilver, necessary in the production of mercuric fulminate for ammunition firing caps. Man Fights Forest. To keep the powerful vines and glant ferns and creepers from abso- lutely obliterating tracks and clear- ings in West Africa, man must fight | hard and constantly. - Soldiers (Continued From Pirst Page.) an occasional camp fire. They do not sit too close to it, as they want to fortify themselves against the rigors to which they are constantly exposed. As'the Ethiopian Army has no com- missary, one principal activity of the soldiers is foraging for food. They are assisted by their wives and ser- vants, who follow the arinies like hosts of locusts, stripping the country- side of all edibles. ‘Women Fight in Lines. ‘The women are often seen battling in the front lines. The first activity of the day is read- ing the Psalms of David. Literate Ethiopians invariably carry * small leather bags in which are held David’s canticles, printed on ancient parch- ments. The soldiers know most pas- sages by heart and retire to isolated corners of their camps to murmur the “Psalms” reverently to themselves. ‘The soldiers are fond of martial songs, which they sing throughout the day. These stirring ballads recite the exploits of valor of Ethiopian armies. . The only physical care the hardened Ethiopian warriors seem to require is for their feet. As they march barefooted day after Hay over thorny, rocky, burning ground, their feet become lacerated by stones and thorns. After the splinters and other foreign bodies are removed, their wives and other camp followers dress the warriors’ feet with goats’ tallow, poured boiling hot into the wounds. Ethiopian soldiers eat only once a day, usually in the morning, if food is plentiful. If it {5 scarce they prefer to eat at night. Purged Before Battle. Before entering battle the war- riors purge themselves not only spiritu- ally but physically, because they be- lieve they must be purified if they wish to enter heaven. The average Ethiopian warrior is fatalistic. He believes death is a question of predestination and thinks it does not matter whether a man dies at the age of 20 or 60. But he pre- fers to die on the battlefield. [ THE EVEN Contrast in Command on Italo-Ethiopian Front Left: Ali Nur, commander in ci British Somaliland front, with two drying up. War (Continued From First Page.) to go over the possibility of modifying Mussolini’s Ethiopian demands. Officials indicated France would re- frain from following Great Britain in restricting the refueling of Italian ships at colonial ports. Ruling on Italian Ships. Under the Hague Convention of 1907, which Britain invoked yesterday, Italian ships of supply and warships will not be permitted to remain in British colonial ports more than 24 hours. While I Duce was carrying on dip- lomatic maneuvers in the capitals of Europe, his military commander in East Africa pledged himself anew to the complete submission of Ethiopia. methodically and resolutely,” Gen. Emilio de Bono, “with full confi- dence that events will justify Italy's action.” De Bono's forces were concentrated in Northern Ethiopia for the major offensive against Makale, some 60 miles to the southeast of Aduwa. Italian scouting planes reported the | was at Amba Alagi, 50 miles south of Makale, in the mountain fastnesses. Emperor Haile Selassle was speeding preparations to leave for the main Ethiopian defense force on the central plateau around Dessye, midway in the eastern half of the empire between the northern and southern armies of 11 Duce. If these Roman armies continued their drives into the interior, from the north and from the south, here at Dessye would be the last stand for Ehiopian independence, Hoare Denies Military Action. LONDON, October 22 (#).—Sir Samuel Hoare, foreign secretary, to- day told the House of Commons Great Britain plans no military action against Italy. He urged that the short breathsng spell before the application of economic sanctions against Musso- lini's government be used in another attempt for peaceful settlement of the Italo-Ethiopian ccaflict. The foreign secretary, addressing Commons on its reassemblage, asked | if an eleventh-hour chance cannot be used to make unnecessary further progress along “the unattractive road of economic action against a fellow League member, an old friend and a former ally.” Sir Samuer stated that Great Brit- ain had never turned her back on a peaceful solution, adding: “There is still breathing space before the economic pressure can be applied. Can it not be used for another attempt at such a settlement?” The legislative chamber was crowded and many diplomats sat in the gallery. italy as League Member. “Italy still is a member of the League of Nations,” said Sir Samuel. “I wel- | come this fact. Cannot this eleventh- | hour be so used as to make it unneces- sary to proceed farther along the un- attractive road of economic action against a fellow member, an old friend, a former ally?” ‘The foreign secretary continued: “I do not know whether there is hope or not for what I am urging. I do, however, know that great issues are at stake, much greater than the local merits of the African controversy.” The whole future of European civil- ization, he asserted, was tied up in the present conflict, saying the Brit- ish were praying that “the principles of collective action now will be up- held and a way speedily found to end this hateful controversy.” Re-emphasizing the need of find- ing an honorable settlement “within the framework of the League,” Sir Samuel stated that he had never adopted an extreme partisan atti- tude, declaring: “Indeed, I believe that outside Italy I was the first public man to remind the world of Italy’s claim for expansion and eco<' nomic security.” Britain Wants Settlement. He said he had already pledged Great Britain to the investigation of colonial raw materials as a contri- bution to removing the causes of war and that he had not let a week pass “I intend to carry out my task| said | | principal concentration of Ethiopians hief of the Ethiopian forces on tne troopers that make up part of the small garrison left on guard at Curati, where the water hole is now —for there are three—not two—the League, Italy and Ethiopia.” The cabinet minister said he re- joiced that Great Britain, during the present tense days, enjoyed not only | the solidarity of British public opinion but the unbroken solidarity of its em- pire and “the impressive unanimity of | the great dominions.” “Some of our foreign friends have been surprised by the depth and breadth of these expressions of opin- ion,” Hoare remarked. “They failed to understand our belief in the League as an instrument not only for stopping war but also for removing | its causes. “They didn’t realize the sincerity of our hope and faith in the new | order of international relations. They | failed, also, to understand that most | of us regard the League as a bridge between Great Britain and Europe and, if this bridge 1s gravely weakened and broken, co-operation between us and the continent becomes difficult and dangerous.” “Peace or Destruction.” Pointing out that the controversy raised an issue between the League and one of its most powerful members, | Sir Samuel said: “There is a real temptation to throw up the task as | hopeless. Some there be in Europe who have tended to succumb. “There was a cry on the continent early in this century: ‘World power | or decline!” We say now: ‘World peace or destruction.’” The British empire, he said, is bound to have enemies and critics| who are jealous of the British posi-| tion, want to make trouble in Eu-! rope and ‘“embroil us with our| friends.” ! “It 15 such as these,” he declared,| “who are trying to make it appear| that Great Britain is attempting to| use the League for selfish ends and| is bent on mobilizing its machinery for the humiliation of Italy.” Such men, he declared, “are doing their best to kindle a conflagration in Europe and to destroy the League | itself.” ! Answering other critics, who said Great Britain had been timid and slow to act, Sir Samuel declared the government made representations to Italy in the Ethiopian conflict at the end of last year, and “from then onward we never stopped warning Italy of the gravity of the issues.” Defends League Policy. “The House may take it from me that from the very moment this con- troversy started we have left the Ital- ian government in no doubt whatever | of our attitude,” the foreign secre- tary declared. | Criticism of the League's s]owness) to act Hoare answered by saying that | until August there was a possibility of peaceful settlement of the Italo- Ethiopian dispute, which “I think the Italian government was unwise to re- ject and which I am certain mem- | bers of the League would have been unwise to frustrate by the abrupt policy of ultimatum.” Hoare expressed the belief that the | economic sanctions against Italy, if collectively applied and not frustrated: by non-members of the League, will “definitely shorten the duration of the war.” Of military sanctions he said the necessary concert for their enforce- ment never existed at Geneva and that all the action there had been! not military, but economic. | The foreign secretary was followed on the floor by Maj. Clement Richard Attlee of the opposition, who said the | opposition felt the government had | ‘waited too long in clearly defining the | international position. Attlee declared that had Sir Samuel's speech at Geneva in Septem- | ber been delivered previous to January 1 | from Italo-Franco-British assurances, | tnite announcement before the world Right: Gen. Emilio de Bono, veteran commander of the Italian forces (seated), surrounded by his staff of aides, observers and camp equipment, watching the movements of the Italian troops. Premier Mussolini of Italy would not have embarked on this venture.” Hope Hinges on Italy. Vague talk in official circles of progress toward a peaceful settlement of the conflict, however, seemed based more on hope that Italy would capit- ulate than that Britain would present any new suggestions. Parliament was called to reassemble | today for debate on the international situation. It will meet until Friday. | Then the government is expected to move for dissolution of the House of | Commons, calling for national elec- tions November 14. A more optimistic feeling, arising was followed by a new development which some sources believed might | undo much of the diplomatic mis- sionary work. This development arose from Brit- ish application against Italy of the| neutrality rules laid down by The| Hague Convention of 1907, under which Italian warships and war sup- ply ships will not be permitted to re- main in British colonial ports more than 24 hours. Although the action was soft-ped- aled here and authorities said it' would be applied in a “friendly” man- ner, its effect on Italy and the Italian press was awaited with growing concern. Hostilities Recognized. ‘The decision also served as a def-! that the British government regarded | a state of hostilities as existing be- tween Italy and Ethiopia—a position which the United States already had recognized, but which the British gov- ernment had not yet acted on except at Geneva. The practical effect of this action also was awaited, as it apparently meant Italians would not be permit- ted to call on Egypt, the Anglo- Egyptian Sudan and British Somali- land for food supplies and other pro- visions. Laval Reports to Cabinet. Associated Press Foreign Stafl PARIS, October 22 (#)—Premier | Laval told his cabinet today of his | efforts to negotiate peace between | DAILY SPECIALS WEDNESDAY, OCT. 23RD PURE CANDIES (Made without Glucess) Milk Chocolate Covered Home Made Pecan Mal- 60¢ Value—full pound 50¢ Value—S8 ounces 2‘¢ Cream Cheese and Jelly Sand- SPECIAL CLUB SANDWICH: Parlays $1.00 Value—fx/! pound lows 70¢ Value—12 ounces 39¢ Assorted Cream Wafers 20¢° Milk Chocolate Marsh- mallows AT THE FOUNTAINS Pineapple Sundse reguler 13¢ 10¢ wich and Coffee with Cream regular 25¢ Chicken Salad—Tomato— Pickle regular 30¢ 1107 F St. N.W. 1103 H St. N.E. 8115 M §t. N.W. 800 7th St. N.W, 3102 14th St. 214 £ STORES—one near you e ] | political forces and will be offered the Fi Williams Oil-O-Matic Ol Burners Colonial Fuel Oil Colonial Anthracite Coal W.F. HUMMER & SON 2038 NE —Wide World Photos. Italy and Ethiopia and it was offi- cially indicated that the posibility of modifying Premier Mussolini's sugges- tions would be considered at a full- dress ministerial council tomorrow. Today's cabinet session was largely devoted to France's own financial and political problems. The premier an- nounced decrees for the strict control of public demonstrations and the pri- vate posesssion of arms. The decrees are intended to check fights between cabinet for approval England Is Informed. Laval was officially described as “a sort of buffer” between Great Britain and Italy, trying to induce Mussolini to modify his peace terms before sub- mitting them to London. “Great Britain knows what is going on in Laval’s negotiations with Musso- lini,” said an official, “but the Italian suggestions have not yet been offi- cially transmitted to Lordon.” It was indicated that Great Britain consequently should refrain from tak- ing the responsibility of rejecting the suggestions while Laval, acting on his own responsibility as mediator, tries to find a basis acceptable to the League of Nations and Ethiopia. Good-Will Efforts. France’s good-will efforts between | Italy and Great Britain are expected to be continued by Marshal Philippe | Petain when he goes to London to- morrow as a guest of honor at a ban- quet to bc given by the Great Britain- France Assoclation. Officials indicated that France will refrain from following Great Britain in restricting the refueling of Italian | ships which are laden with war ma- terials at colonial ports, saying Dji- bouti, French Somaliland, lacks suf- ficient supplies and the Italian ports are too near for that particular prob- lem to be raised. Duce Strengthens Position. ROME, October 22 (#).—An Italo- | British understanding necessary to| secure the peace of Europe hung in| the balance today as Premier Mus- NG STAR, WASHINGTON, D. C., TUESDAY, OCTOBER 22, 1935. solini strengthened his bargaining po- sition. A peaceful settlement of the Italo- Ethiopian conflict appeared depend- ent on further Italian victories to bring Emperor Haile Selassie to pos- sible acceptance of whatever terms might be agreed on in European diplo- matic negotiations. Rain-soaked Italian troops hauled guns and ammunition forward through the mud of the southern front, preparatory to a drive on the strategic Ethiopian post of Gorrahel. Italian press dispatches from As- mara, Eritrea, told of Italian riflemen and machine gunners pursuing flee- ing tribesmen after the Fascist forces blasted their way into Dagnerrei, Sciavele and Burdodi. May Cut Railway. ‘The Italians controlled the ap- proach to Gorrahei, their next objec- tive before the strategic city of Harar, | where they would be in a position to cut the Addis Ababa-Djibouti Rail- | way. Mussolini calmly continued his preparations for “any eventuality” and waited for the British to show cause why he should withdraw his powerful army from Italy’s North African possession of Libya, confront- ing Egypt. 6@ LIFE BEGINS AT 40” CLUB ASKS MEMBERS | memberships Sophie Tucker Urges Hollywood to Join and Give a Lot of Parties. By the Associated Pres: HOLLYWOOD, Calif,, October 22. —Sophie Tucker, who admitted she is “48 and my sylphlike figure has fled,” invited eligible citizens of Hol- lywood today to join a “Life Begins at 40 Club.” She said she had induced 2,000 per- A survey of Italian strength in| Libya showed there were two divi-| sions, the Assietta and Cosseria, Cyrenaica, one colony in Libya other division, the Metauro, at Trip- oli, and between those two colonies | a fourth division. | This division was made up of Arabs, militiamen and white troops who were in Libya before the controversy became acute. | Native Troops Available, There also were some Somaliland | troops considered of doubtful fidelity | in the war with Ethiopia, but more | to be relied on in fighting in North Africa. | Informed sources said that includ- | ing naval forces on the Libyan coast, | Mussolini had more than 80,000 fight- ‘ ing men at his disposal in North | Africa. Besides his troops 11 Duce had a strong air force in Libya. Above all prevailed the idea that he had hastened sufficiert shiploads of supplies to his North African bases recently to enable the army there to wage an important campaign. | League Message Received. The State Department late last night received from the League of Na- | tions a voluminous communication out- | ) lining the steps it has taken to apply'j | sanctions against Italy and inviting| the comment of the United States. Officials, asserting that the material contained nothing more than an offi- cial record of recent events at Geneva, indicated it would not be made public, if at all, until a reply is sent by the American Government. | ‘The formulation of Washington’s reply will await the return of Presi- | dent Roosevelt, PLEADS FOR PEACE PORTLAND, Me., October 22 (#).— Marvin A. 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