Evening Star Newspaper, September 28, 1935, Page 8

rA-8 #% THE EVENING STAR, THE EVENING STAR With Sunday Morning Edition, WASHINGTON, D. C. SATURDAY .........September 28, 1935 —_—— THEODORE W. NOYES...........Editor Emetetedl g e e e The Evening Star Newspaper Company. Business Office: 11th St. anc Pennsylvania Ave. e Be T ke Micitan Bullaio c e: Lake a 5 European Office: 14 Regent St.. London. Engiand. Rate by Carrier Within the City. Regular Edition. e Evening 5{1"5' —--45¢ per month Vening An "ahen- 4 Sundaye) -60c per month -65¢ per month --BC Der copY Night Final Edition, Nicht Final and Sunday Star__--70¢ per month NiZEt Final Sta “55¢ per month Collection made &t © 7, Sach montn. Orders may be sent by mail or telephone Na- tional 5000. Rate by Mail—Payable in Advance. Maryland and Virginia. fly ard Su aily jonly. unday oniy All Other States and Canada, ?Afl! and Sunday_.1 yr. $12.00; 1 mo. $1.00 1 mo.. 8¢ "L Boc aily only yr. $5.00: 1 mo, 75c unday onl yr, $500; 1 mo. Member of the Associated Press. The Associated Press Is exclusively entitled to the use for republication of all news dispatches credited to it or not otherwise credited in this paper and also the local news published herein. All rights of publication of special dispatches herein are also reserved. = A Navy Second to None. Doubt has never existed respecting President Roosevelt's views on prepared- ness at sea, but in the present disturbed state of international relations it is use- ful and gratifying that he finds occasion to reafirm the United States’ naval policy in categorical terms. Unofficial reports have just credited Great Britain with the intention, when existing treaties expire in 1936, of renouncing the 5—5—3 ratio and of embarking upon a new building program. President Roose- velt is thereupon prompted to indicate that while this country intends to ad- here faithfully to present treaty ar- rangements, it will not hesitate to build bevond the limits therein provided if other powers exceed them as a result of non-renewal of treaties. This declaration would apply, of course, to both Japan and Great Britain. The Japanese have already abrogated the limitation treaties and declared their purpose to create a fleet equal, re- spectively, to those of Great Britain and the United States. President Roosevelt now plainly implies that if Japan builds beyond her quota under the 5—5—3 ratio, the United States would be im- pelled to undertake such additional con- struction as would be necessary to maintain the present treaty margin of superiority over Japan. By the same token, of course, the President reflects American determination to maintain parity with Great Britain. Mr. Roosevelt emphasizes that our naval building policy remains precisely what it has been for the past two and a half years—to bring the fleet up to the full strength provided by existing This program, in accordance with appropriations authorized by Con- gress, will give the United States a “treaty Navy” by 1942. Only circum- stances not of American making will alter our program. The United States would contemplate with regret any steps that threaten to lead to a resumption of costly naval competition, but notice is now given to all concerned that the American Government and people will not shrink from any action that may be necessary to keep the country on the proportionate basis of strength now pro- vided by treaty. In view of possible com- plications over shipping rights and neu- trality, which might ensue from League sanctions against a declared aggressor in an Italo-Ethiopian war, an unequiv- ocal statement of American naval policy such as President Roosevelt has just authorized has special timeliness. Incidentally, Great Britain formally denies the accuracy of reports attribut- ing to her extensive naval building plans. But recent British action in approving of a great fleet for Germany is bound soone: or later to alter the European naval equilibrium. If, as a consequence, the British require to build beyond their present strength, the effect on the United States’ policy would be auto- matic, for, as President Roosevelt clearly intimates, America’'s program calls for & navy second to none. e Tt is rather late in the proceedings for Italy to try to blackball Abyssinia in a meeting of the League of Nations. e No Novelty. Brain trusts are not new. The desire of emperors and kings to have the serv- ices of the “best brains” available is as old as written history. In Egypt, five or six thousand years before March 4, 1933, the primitive kings of the Nile surrounded themselves with counselors supposed to be equal to the task of fur- nishing information and advice such as & sovereign might use with profit to him- self and his people. The custom was adopted by the princes of neighboring states—Sumeria, Assyria, Nineveh, Baby- lon and Tyre; and the Hebrew com- munities of Judea and Palestine were familiar with the habit of meéting to debate public affairs—the Bible preserves scores of references to the practice of assembling wise men to deal with emer- gencies, frame policies, decide upon methods and thus to share in the re- sponsibility of their lords. But mere intellectual eminence, clever- ness and skill have not been invariably constructive. France, for example, suf- fered no dearth of cultivated men and women in the eighteenth century. It happened, however, that the most influ- ential of them—notably, Voltaire,* Rous- seau, Diderot, D’Alembert and even Buf- fon—were temperamentally unfitted to build. Their forte was criticism; they wrecked the things to which they applied their thought. Considering themselves philosophers and accepting that title from their contemporaries, they betrayed philosophy—the love of wisdom—by their nihilistic contempt for consequences. Guizot was well within his rights when he said of them: “Being men of the world as well as of letters, (they) had passed their lives in the pleasantest and most briiliant regl?‘na of that society which was so much attacked by them. It had welcomed them, made them fa- mous; they had mingled in all the pleas- ures of its elegant and agreeable ex- istence; they shared in all its tastes, its manners, all the refinements, all the susceptibilities of a civilization at the same time old and rejuvenated, aristo- cratic and literary; they were of that old regimen which was demolished by their hands.” Rousseau, in an anar- chistic mood, at last proclaimed, “The sciences and the arts have corrupted the world.” With such a record, is it any wonder that the intelligentsia died on the guillotine when in the revolution the ignorant masses they had led astray at last began to emulate their masters? It also is fair to ask if America does not at present stind in some danger from the number of theorists and doctrinaires active in official circles. Many of the reformers, it may be granted, have dip- Jomas and certificates in plenty, en- thusiasm and altruistic sincerity in abundance. But has the net result of their efforts during the past two years been to strengthen the Federal Union, fortify national institutions, protect social forms traditionally useful and helpful, preserve confidence in the public mind? If the answer is an affirmative, well and good; but if it be ctherwise, less stress upon experimental reform and more upon tested and proven principles of progress should be considered. Great knowledge, as well as little, may be perilous when misdirected or unrestrained by caution. e Now for the Series. Not since the phenomenal perform- ance of the Boston “Braves” of the Na- tional League in 1914, when that team advanced from last place on the Fourth of July to first place at the close of the season, has there been so remarkable an achievement on the diamond as the winning of the championship in the same league yesterday by the Chicago “Cubs.” These new pennant winners did not have to overcome so great a handicap as did the “Braves” twenty- one years ago, but they exceeded that performance in one notable respect. They accomplished their goal of league lead- ership by dint of a streak of continuous victories which all but broke the record of successive winnings. Playing twenty- one games, they won them all. Such a winning streak has been exceeded but once in the records of organized base ball. In 1916 the New York Giants of the National League won twenty-six suc- cessive games, interrupted only by a tie. A winning streak is a combination of quality, luck and pluck. Perhaps it is largely luck, which plays a large part in base ball, indeed, as some observers of the sport contend, nearly half the battle, But luck as a rule breaks about evenly in the long run and the victory goes to the team with the cleverest pitchers, the ablest fielders and the hardest hit- ters. The psychology of continuous vic- tory is not to be disregarded. Momen- tum tells in the course of half a dozen successive winnings. A spirit of su- periority prevails and the players are inspired with confidence in their ability to meet every situation that may arise. Then comes a slip, perhaps caused by overconfidence, or overexertion, and the “string” is broken. In the case of the Chicago “Cubs” no such mishap occurred in the course of its extraordi- nary streak of success, which continued long enough to bring a pennant and a chance at the world championship. Now for the world series, that annual event of first importance in the sport. Detroit won the American League cham- pionship beyond peradventure, several days ago and therefore is not ending the league season under stress—and by the same token not in headway. Whether the strain of twenty-one victories and a virtual eye-lash pennant winning will work harm fo the “Cubs” or will serve to carry them through the series vic- toriously remains to be seen. Base ball is a strange combination of forces, phys- ical and mental, and nobody ever knows how they will work out on the field. Comparisons between the performances of the two teams during their regular playing seasons afford little of value to the would-be prophet. The standards of the two leagues are not quite alike. The “Tigers,” winning two pennantsina row, have before them the inducement of a redemption of their record of last year's series games, which were not greatly to their credit. This may prove to be a factor of importance. Next week will start the story. —_—————— ‘White-collar relief has not revived the old paper collar that permitied economy on laundry bills, Sixteenth Street. A proposal advanced shortly before the adjournment of Congress by Representative McSwain to change the name of Sixteenth street to Mad- ison avenue, in honor of the fourth President of the United States, revives memory of the short-lived change of the title of that same thoroughfare some twenty years ago to “Avenue of the Pres- idents.” The late Mrs. John B. Hender- son, who had doné much toward the development of the street as a semi- official residence concourse, secured an enactment by dint of her persistent efforts, and the name remained for sev- eral years. It was evenutally abandoned by repeal of the legisiation and Sixteenth street was restored to its place as a sequential item in the numerical des- ignations. ‘There was no especial reason for the title that was adopted and soon dis- carded save that the street starts at its southern end from the park opposite the White House, the home of the President. ‘There is no particular reason now for its selection as a means of paying addi- tional honor to President Madison as far as his association with the Capital goes. Representative McSwain urges that this be done before 1937, when the 150th anniversary of the Philadelphia constitutional . convention will be cele- brated. Madison had a large part in the framing of that instrument. It is now impossible, short of a double change of titles, wz‘lvo the street the name Constitution avenue, which has been bestowed upon the thoroughfare that was once B street and is now one of the most imposing arteries of the Capital. It might be argued that there were others than Madison who played a large part in the shaping of the Constitution, and that if Sixteenth street is to be chosen for a sesquicentennial renaming, the henor might go to another than Madison. But it .nay with more point be urged that it is not altogether wise to proceed further in the abandonment of the number-and-letter system of des- Ignations which was the basis of the L’Enfant plan for the north-south and east-west streets and which makes Washington, so far as the great majority of its passageways are concerned, one of the easiest of all cities to understand geographically. If the sequence is to be broken in one Instance it may soon be broken in others. Everybody knows where Sixteenth street lies and where it leads. Madison avenue would have to be specifically located. If it is felt that some street name must be sacrificed to honor one of the authors of the Constitution, why not select East Capitol street, starting from the west at the site of the new home of the Supreme Court, which is the interpreter and de- fender of the Constitution? e It would surely add nothing to the prestige of Moscow for the esteemed and adriiired James Hamilton Lewis to lose his life there. It is to be regretted that so eminent and honored a person- age could not have had care in his own country, —_—————— As the campaign approaches, the rail- road coach will have a distinct advan- tage over the airplane, which is no good for rear platform speeches. —————— It has been predicted that English will become the language of world commerce. It is spoken in the management of air- planes as well as of submarines. — e No Santa Claus persuasion will lead impoverished Americans to establish Christmas savings accounts for the sake of getting into a war. —t— An element of Russian opinion cares nothing for what becomes of the living s0 long as the remains of Lenin can be kept on view. As a strategic measure Ethiopia will keep on praying for rain. —_—a——————— Shooting Stars. BY PHILANDER JOHNSON. Pass the Microphone. Take away the sandwich r Shun the flowing bowl. Menus all in vain compete To regale the soul. It's the intellectual need That just now is known. Gather round and all give heed— Pass the microphone, It's a problem we must face As events draw near, With the tones of moral grace Deftly played by ear. Banquets come and banquets go, Free lunch far has flown. Sustenance the mind must know— Pass the microphone. Sunrise. “All the world is waiting for the sun- rise,” sang the balladist. “Not in some parts of the world,” com- mented Senator Sorghum. “Many folks are notified that sunrise is the time when they are to be shot.” Jud Tunkins says the way everybody smiles when having a picture taken wouid make you think the cameramen ‘were running the country. Small Hot Bird. The game laws presently relax, But vanished is the small hot bird, The toast is burnt in useless stacks And ne'er a popping cork is heard. And yet the hunter forth will go With ardor that will never cease, His sportsmanship again to show By shooting up the Dove of Peace, Nerve. “What I admire about the old patriots who wrote the Constitution and the Declaration of Independence,” said Miss Cayenne, “is their nerve.” “Nerve?” repeated the lady with a note book. “Yes. They seemed to think they know more than a modern college pro- fessor.” Voracious Mechanism. The bombing plane shoots in the dark, The submarine swims like a shark; The tank that hurries to the chase Crawls at a caterpillar pace. A little bit of borrowed brain Must guide them through the stress and strain. They, too, must eat—and tears are shed To learn on what they must be fed. “Some men,” said Uncle Eben, “is mighty contrary, Dey will pay good money for de worst kind o’ licker and won’t take de best kind of advice free of charge.” Frank Reply From a Candid Constituent To the Editor of The Star: As I read in your paper the President’s request for counsel and advice from our clergy, I cannot help recalling to memory some years back when our be- loved Uncle Joe Cannon was defeated for another term of Congress. His suc- cessor, after being duly accepted and sworn into office, thought it would be a good idea to send letters to his con- stituents, asking them if they could offer any suggestions that would be of interest in behalf of the district and the State that he represented. ¥ my memory serves me right one answer was as follows: “Dear Mr. Congressman: “As you have been duly elected and sworn in to Congress to represent us in this ct, we beg to advise in reply to your letter that if you do not know more than we do you had better " JOHN J. GUXNL any WASHINGTON, D. C, Bible Readers In Washington To the Editor of The Star: On October 4, 1535, the first primted complete English Bible made its appear- ance. This was just four centuries ago. It was translated by Miles Coverdale and printed by an unknown press, probably in Switzerland. Before that date only parts of the Bible, including the New Testament, had been printed. This important event is of real in- terest to every person, and will be brought to their attention, The purpose of this article is to sug- gest an opportunity to do a signal serve ice to the youth of our city, and perhaps country. Read how all may join in an effort that will have a lasting influence on the minds and habits of every child, white or colored, in Washington, the heart of the Nation. No book ‘has brought more benefit to children in our own and other lands than our Bible. Its superlative im- portance was shown when Sir Walter Raleigh said to his servant: “Bring me the Book.” During the period from October 4 to December 8 this year this 400th an- niversary will be celebrated. The lat- ter date is becoming recognized as Universal Bible Sunday. In these 64 days a special effort should be made to place in the hands of chil- dren from 10 to 20 years of age a read- able Bible, or at least a New Testament. All parents, friends, pastors, Sunday school and public school teachers of children should especially interest them- selves. In these days when great nations seem tottering on the brink of what may be another World War, why not let loose a mighty urge to possess and read understandingly the spiritual teachings of our Bible? Why not have an auditorium filled in a gigantic Sunday meeting sponsored by Washington’s live churches that will challenge the attention and emulation of thousands of other cities and com- munities throughout our broad land? Such a grand meeting, uniting our city- wide churches, might well have a world- wide effect. HOWARD H. BURR. Pedestrian Holds That Regulation Is Needed To the Editor of The Star: I am so vitally interested in the splen- did “safety campaign” to reduce traffic accidents which has recently been launched that I want to send a few comments for publication. As a pedestrian, and as one who has never driven an automobile, I want to state that, in my opinion, the pedes- trian is as much, if not more, to blame for the casualties in Washington during the past few years as the motorist. I want to offer my congratulations to the person who conceived of the idea of “fining the pedestrian” for non-observ- ance of traffic lights and jay-walking. I think a fine of $1 or $2 and a “ticket” an excellent method to wake up the pedestrian. I have lived in Washington most of my life and have observed through the few years we have had the traffic lights just how few pedestrians —not more than one out of every ten or fifteen, if that many—pay any atten- tion whatever to the changing of lights or other traffic laws. Their chief aim when they reach a crossing seems to be just to “skin” by through moving traffic, on a red light, or jay-walking across before they get to the cormer, etc. In addition to the light system, I be- lieve a “gong system” along with the lights would help. I have seen this in operation in other large cities where it works perfectly. Perhaps the “gong” might wake up Mr. Pedestrian. The changing of lights has not. If the fine of $1 or $2 and the ringing of a bell do not stimulate people to the proper co-operation, then I think we might as well cease trying to reduce the terrific slaughter of human lives and “let them go, Gallagher.” D. TAYLOR. Peace Will Come Out Of World Confusion To the Editor of The Star: The world is changing and the nations of the world are changing to meet the conditions. A nation has the right to act, but not in such a manner as to interfere unreasonably with the corre- sponding rights of another nation. There will be a war, & war of aggres- sion, and in all such wars the aggressor sooner or later has always paid a heavy penalty. The laws of war demand such a penalty and it is impossible to avoid it. Every nation has the right to exist. This can be done in such a manner as not to interfere unreasonably with the rights of other nations. When necessary a nation should have the right to expand, but this must be done in such a way as to meet the approval of other nations. Under the new charter of international affairs the smaller nations don't have to cringe when a larger nation speaks nor a weak nation be submissive when a more powerful nation makes demands. It has been agreed that each shall have its day in court, and the verdict should be accepted. Peace and confusion are almost in- separable. When peace comes to man- kind it has always come out of confusion, When the clouds of the threatened war have subsided whether by arbitration or defeat, a new world peace will be ush- ered in, a peace that will be lasting. Larger nations will not attempt to attack the smaller nations nor the powerful subdue the weak. In this atmosphere of security mankind will rise to higher attainments and blot out the memory of war forever from mankind. JAMES OBELTON HOLMES. Make the Speeders Bump the Bumps To the Editor of The Star: To induce reckless drivers to obey the law and abate their'murderous speeding, let us make them bump the bumps. Much is said about fast driving, but it is difficult to bring about reform by either punishment or persuasion. Let us see if we cannot induce the speeders to regulate themselves, by arranging bumps as villages did 20 years ago when automobiles first became a subject of complaint. By this T mean putting in ridged crossways of the road at points where the rules require slower speed. The ridges may be of such a small height and gentle approach that driving over them at a moderate speed is not un- comfortable, but if a speed maniac dis- regards the slow-up sign and dashes over the humps his car will rise in the air, and when it settles down he will feel a bump, both in his person and also perhaps in his springs. Widening and straightening the road will not help, but as Mrs. Cook points out, will only lead to more speeding. The fault lies not in our surveys, dear Brutus, but in ourselves, that we are maniacs. WILLIAM C. LEE. Political Prophecy. Prom the Roanoke (Va.) Times. A New York man says he can predict earthquakes. Somebody—maybe it was a politiclan—immediately wanted to know whether he could do anything with & political landslide, ’ SATURDAY, SEPTEMBER 28, 1935. THIS AND THAT BY CHARLES E. TRACEWELL, In the great kingdom of books, of which there is no end, truly enough, the booksman, all run together as one word and name, holds first place. He is the man who writes, buys and loves all the written words of man- kind, whether put on beechen boards, as the old Saxons and Germans did, or into fine new volumes from modern presses. The real bookman, the man who has to do with books because he loves them simply and plainly and honestly and fervently, is still rare enough in the world. If any one doubts this, noting the increasing number of volumes brought forth every year, let him think over his acquaintances, and note him who is the antithesis of the bookman. ‘What shall he be called? He is the man, or woman, for that matter, who simply cannot “see” as he says, why any one should ever purchase & book. Are there not plenty of loaning libraries? ‘The way he asks this makes all argu- ment futile, He simply does not understand, and he never will understand, why any one wants to own them. ‘There is no possible argument, as far as he is concerned. If he wants a book, he borrows it. The fact that he does not borrow the food he eats, nor the car he drives, makes no difference to him. The books he reads he does borrow, and that is an end to it, as far as he is concerned. * % * X It will be seen at once that the book- man has no quarrel with him at all. If he wants to go through life without any books of his own, that is strictly his business. The only time he touches the life of the bookman is when, occasionally, hear= ing the latter speak of some volume he has purchased, he painly shows he thinks a book purchaser a strange ani- mal at large from the zoo. This queer fellow actually dares spare a few of his own dollars for his own books! Could anything be stranger? He wants to hold in his own hands something in the book line he can call his own. He wants to contemplate it as strictly personal. He desires the com- panionship of another mind on limited terms, combined with a strictly limited ownership of this one specimen of his ‘work. These {deals are a growth, beginning with the earliest reading years. It will be found in almost every case that the true booklover is made, not born. The born booklover makes himself, too, as he goes along, so that there is no excep- tion. * % x % Let us rule out at once any idea of pedantry in connection with a book- lover, or true bookman. Some of the finest bookmen we have ever seen have been rough men, as the world judges. One was a sailor before the mast. He read at least one author complete on every voyage. The year he went to Australia he went through the stories of Victor Hugo. So he went around the world, until in 10 years he had read the equivalent of several libraries. Despite the diffi- culties of his situation, he took his books with him, as far as he was able. Although he was regarded by his STARS, MEN mates at first as “a queer one,” usually he managed to change their opinion completely a few days out. After which he read his bcoks in peace. He was in no sense a bookwvorg, but. a regular “he-man,” and able at all times to hold his own in fisticuffs and other sports beloved of sailors. He did love his books, however, and was as entitled to the good title of bookman as any person we ever knew. * Ok ok ox As grasping, as covetous a man as ever lived is the true bookman, wherever and whenever you find him. A book, to him, is something to “have and to hold,” as the old story said, or, perhaps better, to hold and to have. Possession is, with him, not nine- tenths of the law, but all ten-tenths. He wants books of his own. The mere keeping of them is a vast satisfaction. In time. and if his wealth permits, he may go off at the pleasant tangent of first editions, and the like, rare and old books of eminent degree, but whether he does or not makes no particular dif- ference in his regard for the book as a thing. . The pleasure of having books around him, in his living and sleeping quarters, is inexylicable, perhaps, but very strong. He even has them in his bath room. The bath room bookshelf, by the way, is be- coming an institution in many homes. More of it later, maybe. The bookman, by reason of his many books, often has not read half of them, or even a quarter of them. He means | to, sometime, and maybe he will, but it makes no difference, if he is a real bookman, that is. The satisfaction of seeing them present is something in it- self. This miser of volumes runs his eyes over them, from time to time, and gloats with a good gloating. His basement is full, and his attic, too, and if the house falls down it will be a good falling, he thinks. * x o % Fortunately for the kingdom of letters, one does not have to be named Percival or Reginald to love books. Some of the biggest “roughnecks,” in the ordinary sense, love them the most. The terms “highbrow” and “lowbrow” also are unfortunate, for they presup- pose fixed classifications which do not exist. The simple enough fact is that there are as many kinds of people that | love books and their personal owner- ship as like motor cars and one or two in the old garage. Cannot one be a bookman without personal possession? Perhaps, but we do not see how, except in very unusual circumstances. A man who had loved and possessed many books, and who had lost all, as a result of the depression, would be a bookman still, if ever there were one, but he would have a difficult time proving it, even to himself, the only proof necessary. ©One good book would allow him credit in his own mind. Two would make him rich, and three—would he not be a millionaire again, as far as books were concerned? Because it is not quantity here, after all, but quality, which counts most. The bookman is-rich in his own mind and heart, and when one is wealthy in those spots, or places, one is sitting at a continual feast, indeed, whose wonderful name some one has called Content. AND ATOMS Notebook of Science Progress in Field, Laboratory and Study. BY THOMAS R. HENRY. ‘The children had pet foxes. When a child died sometimes its pet was buried with it, the cold hand of the little one resting upon the furry head of the animal. They would romp together in another world, the bereaved parents thought. This bit of human nature, unearthed this Summer by Dr. Ales Hrdlicka, cur- ator of physical anthropology of the Smithsonian Institution, is sufficient to establish the kinship of the sophisticated present to the primitive people who es- tablished their homes on desolate Kodiak Island, off the coast of Alaska, about 2,000 years ago. Dr. Hrdlicka has just returned to ‘Washington after his fourth Summer on Kodiak Island, excavating habitation sites of the ancient inhabitants. The place is considered one of the key sites of North American archeology. Dr. Hrdlicka this Summer was able to throw much new light on the primitive culture of the people as well as to collect a large amount of cultural and skeletal material. ‘The people of the deepest and inter- mediate layers, Dr. Hrdlicka says, were American Indians, similar in physical type and basic culture to the early pre- historic peoples of the British Columbia coast. The earliest settlement on Ko- diak Island, he says, was about 2,000 years ago. Before that the place was practically uninhabitable. With the passing of the glaciers the surface of the island consisted largely of barren, boulder-strewn gravel. There followed a dry period when it must have been practically a desert, but with very strong winds blowing from the mainland. These winds picked up an enormous amount of loose soil from the surface of the pen- insula and deposited it over the gravel of Kodiak Island. * ok kX Shortly afterward the first settlers ar- rived. The deepest habitation traces are directly on top of this dust deposit, or loess. Thus, it is possible to assume, “dust storms” of essentially the same character as those which darkened the skies of Washington last Fall, were associated intimately with a migratory movement of 2,000 years ago. These people stayed only a short time. Perhaps they went southward, becoming the ancestors of the Indians of the northwest coast. There followed another period of heavy winds blowing across the island from the peninsula, which deposited loess 4 or 5 inches thick over the cold hearths of the earliest set~ tlers. Then another migration set in, of people of the same physical type. There was another climatic change, with heavy rains which caused the island to be covered with vegetation. From this time on it was continuously inhabited until about the time of the Russian oc- cupation. But during this long period the orig- inal race was replaced by migrants of the Aleut type. The indications are that they defeated, and probably mas- sacred, the Indian inhabitants. At all periods there was a very high type of culture, the oldest being, in some re- spects, the most advanced. It was achieved under the most difficult condi- tions. Dr. Hrdlicka is studying the site intensively and at least another year will be required before the task is com- pleted. It becomes increasingly evident, Dr. Hrdlicka said, that there can be no ade- quate picture of the cuiture until the excavations are finished. Every new ares examined shows those minute but significant group variations—those little touches of nature that make the whole world kin—the accumulation of which | is necessary in order to obtain the con- cept of a living society. The intermediate people, for example, made portrait effigies from bone, wood and ivory. These were delicately carved to represent real individuals. Dr. Hrdlicka has obtained nine of them. In some of them one might suspect there was a slight touch of humor. Thus the portrait of one old man shows clearly that he had lost his teeth. Another re- veais the long, stern, strong face of a man who may well have been a great leader. Still another had a long beard, a rarity among Indians. The portrait of a Kodiak Island belle of a thousand years ago is so detailed as to show her eyebrows. The people domesticated foxes, both as pets and to be slaughtered and eaten, probably in ceremonials. They appear to have been the world’s first fox farm- ers. These pet foxes must have been the special pets and protectors of chil- dren. When a child died its pets were slain and buried with it, that the little one might not be alone in the after- world. Dr. Hrdlicka found one grave in which a little girl had been buried with her hand resting on her dead pet’s head. They also had two varieties of dogs, although these were introduced some- what later than the pet foxes. The people lived chiefly on fish, clams and mussels, but they hunted whales, seals, sea and land otters, and the great Kodiak bear, the largest of all North American carnivores, They appear, Dr. Hrdlicka says, to have had some curious super- stition in regard to the bear, their most formidable antagonist. Every sort of bear bone is found in the graves except the skull. Apparently the skull of a bear never was allowed to remain in the vil- lage. The only exception, Dr. Hrdlicka says, was in one case where the skull had been used as a ladle—or perhaps a drinking cup. The whale supplied them with meat and oil and many of their utensils were made of its vertebrae. Dr. Hrdlicka obtained some remarkable dishes, drums, etc, fashioned of this material. These ancient Kodiak Islanders were remarkable craftsmen. They worked with tools made of slate and did some extremely delicate carving with their crude implements. Among the articles found by Dr. Hrdlicka this Summer were some arrowheads of a hitherto unknown type. The point of the arrow, of wood, slate or bone, was fitted delicately into a holder, which could be recovered from the carcass of the slain animal. Dr. Hrdlicka obtained this Summer an exceptionally fine collection of the stone lamps used by these ancient In- dians. Hollowed out with immense labor, many of them are very elaborate with symbolic designs. They are a dis- tinctive feature of this ancient culture. He also obtained specimens, hitherto unknown in Nerth American archeology, of beads made from the vertebrae of fish, necklaces of ivory and bear tooth amulets. ————s Animal Advents, PFrom the Newark Evening News. An archeologist declares it was the introduction of horses into Nebraska by the Spaniards that really made the West “wild.” It was the introduction of the donkey into the District of Columbia that has ’m the G. O. P. wild. | Fund, Daniel ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS By Frederic J. Haskin. A reader can get the answer to any question of fact by writing The Washing- ton Evening Star Informution Bureau, Frederic J. Haskin, Director, Washing- ton, D.C. Please inclose stamp for reply. Q. What is the inscription on the memorial to Wiley Post at Floyd Ben- nett Field?—F. 8. L. A. The tablet reads: “On this site Wiley Post landed the Winnie Mae, com- pleting the first solo flight around the world in 7 days 18 hours 49': minutes. fst,;;vfd July 15, 1933, Returned July 22, Do many people with defective vision drive cars?—K. G. A. A scientific investigation shows that 15 per cent of American motorists cannot see well enough to be safe drivers. To drive an automobile a person should have a vision of not less than 85 per cent of normal in one eye and 50 per cent of normal in the other. Q. How much fruit is used annually by manufacturers of jellies, jams and preserves?—T. R. A. More than 1,491,000 pounds of fruit is preserved every year in the United States, not counting that used in pri- vate households. Q. How does the length of the Suez Canal compare with the Panama Canal? —E.R. A. The Suez is twice as long. It is 101 miles long; the Panama Canal is 50.72 miles, Q. What are the “eight horses of tri= umph” which Woodrow Wilson said draw the triumphal chariot of every ruler and leader of free men?—J. D. A. Force of character, readiness of resources, clearness of vision, grasp of intellect, courage of conviction, earnest- ness of purpose, instinct, and capacity for leadership. Q. What was Huey Long's favorite poem?—M. W. A. The late Senator's favorite poem | was “Invictus,” by W. E. Henley. Q. In what role was Mme. Rejane best known?—F. M. A. As Mme. Sans Gene. The play was written for her by Sardou. Q. How long is the ocean coast line of Florida? The Gull Coast line?—L. D.P A. The Atlantic Coast line is 399 miles; Gulf of Mexico Coast line, 798. Q. What funds have been established to further Negro education in the South? A. The principal funds or benevolences for the support of, Negro education in the South include: Avery Fund, Vila's Bequest, African Third (John Parish Fund), Buckingham Fund, George Washington Educational Fund, Miner Hand Fund, Anna T. Jeannes Foundation, Phelps-Stokes Fund, Carnegie Corp. of New York Fund, Julius Rosenwald Pund, General Educa- tional Fund (established by John D. | Rockefeller, jr), and John F. Slater Fund. Q. What is the mafia?—C. B. P. A. The Mafia Society of Italy is of Sicilian origin. It formerly consisted of bands which had been associated with the militarv and which had banded themselves together to obtain and admin- ister justice without recourse to the civil courts. The Mafia Society was dis- solved by Garibaldi in 1860, but has con- tinued as an outlawed organization. Q. When was the Peasants’ War?— A.'This revolt of the German peasants against their feudal overlords was from 1524-1526. Q. How much has the percentage of | women who are employed increased in the United States since 1870?—E. L. K. A. In 1870 there were 1,836,288 females representing 9.6 per cent of the total, who were employed in the United States. In 1930 the number had risen to 10,- 752,116 or 17.7 per cent of the total. Q. What became of the penguins that Admiral Byrd brought to this country? A. Twenty penguins were brought back to the United States from Little America by Admiral Byrd in the Spring of this year. The birds seem unable to adapt themselves to the warm climate and all of them are now dead. Six were purchased for $5,000 by the Brook- | field Zoological Garden in Chicago, IIl. Five died almost immediately and the | sixth one died after a little more than a month. Ten of the penguins died before reaching this country, and five more died before arriving in Boston. Q. What was the first jazz band in the United States and what is the origin of the word?—E. M. A. Stage says that the Dixieland, under the direction of James La Rocca of New Orleans, formed in 1909 was the first organized jazz band and the first band to have used the word jazz (jass). The word jazz is not of African or French origin, but is an old English word applied to honky tonk pianists as early as 40 years ago. Q. Please give some information about a sculptor named Kemeys—E. G. A. Edward Kemeys (1843-1907) was & civil engineer, self-trained in sculpture. He was one of the first to portray Amer- ican wild animals, modeling them with understanding and fidelity. Among his works are: “Still Hunt,” Central Park, New York; “Wolves,” Fairmount Park, Philadelphia; bronze lions at the en= trance to Chicago Art Institute, and a number of small bronzes. A Rhyme at Twilight B ¥ Gertrude Brooke Hamilton The Populace Passes. In the arena of the midtown blocks Where sunlight streamed all day on multitudes - And on the crossings where the cars in flocks Congested traffic, golden cwflixfit‘ broods. Power has trod the pavements with slowed gait, Fashion has flaunted its fair garb and face, Pleasure has gamboled here and lin- gered late, These stones haye known ambition’s driving pace. Amid the populace that came and went, Pursujng pomp, amusement, modes and booty, How many on the search for truth were bent? How many saw the sunset’s amber . x beauty? <