Evening Star Newspaper, September 17, 1935, Page 12

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Ave. N.W.—Na. 2656 Catalog—Classes Begin Oct. 1 Nat. 3258 | | Censtitution Framework | Of American Liberties. | ment. | the vital principles of intimidation and fear. Text of Hoover Address Rights of the Individual in Relation to Government Declared Threatened by Discussion of Constitution. By the Associated Press. SAN DIEGO, Calif., September 17. —Following is the text of former President Herbert Hoover's Constitu- tion day speech here today: In the 12 minutes which I occupy in this discussion I shall refer to but one phase of the Constitution in its many bearings upon national life— that is the bill of rights. Today the Constitution is indeed under more vivid discussion than at any time since the years before the Civil War. The background of that issue was Negro slavery, but mn the foreground was the constitutional question of States’ rights, and in the final determination was the fate of the Union. The aroused interest of to- day is again the rights of men. To- day the issue is the rights of the individual in relation to the Govern- ment; this too involves the fate of the Nation. If for no other reason, this discussion has been forced upon us because new philosophies and new theories of government have arisen in the world which militantly deny the validity of our principles. Our Constitution is not alone the working plan of a great federation of States under representative govern- | There is embedded in it also the American system of Iiberty. That system is | based upon certain inalienable frea- dems and protections which not even | the Government may infringe and | which we call the bill of rights. It does not require a lawyer tc interpret those provisions. They are as clear as the ten commandments. Among others the freedom of wor- ship, freedom of speech and of the press, the right of peaceable assembiy, equality before the law, just trial for crime, freedom from unreasonable search, and security from being de- prived of life, liberty, tinels which guard the door of every home from invasion of coercion, of Herein is the EDUCATIONAL. Day and Evening TIVOLI THEATER BUILDING 14th Street at Park Road el Telephone Columbla 3000 s ANISH SCHOOL OF WASHINGTON Prof. from Spat ethod. Rapid Progress. S e MOUNT m;’sam S Steptraraes Opening New Classes Conversational M 313 H St N.W. | False Pledges of Security. or property | | without due process of law, are the principles which distinguish our civili- | | zation. Herein are the invisible sen- = | within. expression of the spirit of men who would be forever free. These rights were no sudden dis- covery, no overnight inspiration. They were established by centuries of struggle in which men died fighting bitterly for their recognition. Their beginnings lie in the Magna Charta at Runnymede 570 years before the Constitution was written. Down through the centuries the habeas corpus, the “petition of rights,” the “declaration of -rights,” the growth of the fundamental maxims of the com- mon law, marked their expansion and security. Our forefathers migrated to America that they. might attain them more fully. When they wrote the Declara- tion of Independence they boldly ex- tended these rights. Before the Con- stitution could be ratified patriotic men who feared a return to tyranny, whose chains had been thrown off only after years of toil and bloody war, insisted that these hard-won rights should be incorporated in black and white within the Constitution—and so came the American bill of rights. See Freedom Sacrificed for In the hurricane of revolutions | which have swept the world since the great war, men, struggling with the | wreckage and poverty of that great | catastrophe and the complications of the machine age, are in despair, sur- ‘ rendering their freedom for false prom- | ises of economie security. Whether it | | be Fascist Italy, Nazi Germany, Com- | munist Russia, or their lesser followers, | the result is the same. Every day they repudiate every principle of the bill of rights. Free- dom of worship is denied. Freedom of speech is surpressed. The press is censored and distorted with propa- i ganda. The right of criticism is de- nied. Men go to jail or the gallows for honest opinion. They may not | assemble for discussion. They speak | of public affairs only in whispers. They are subject to search and seizure by spies and inquisitors wio haunt the land. The safeguards of justice in trial or imprisonment are set aside There is no right in one’s savings or one’s own home which the Govern- ment need respect. Here is a form of servitude, of slavery—a slipping back toward the middle ages. Whatever these govern- ments are, they have one common denominator—the citizen has no as- sured rights. He is submerged it the state. Here is the most funda- mental clash known to mankind— that is, free men and women, co- operating under orderly liberty, as contrasted with human beings made | pawns of dictatorial government; men | who are slaves of despotism, as| against free men who are the masters | of the state. | Even in America, where liberty | blazed brightest and by its glow shed | { light on all the others, it is besieged from without and challenged from Many, in honest belief, hola National University Fall Term Begins September 23, 1935 SCHOOL OF LAW School of Economics and Government Registrar’s OM Open for Registration 9 a. 818 13th STREET N.W. Tel. Natl. 6617 MARET SCHOOL Gilments-Afth Year Hieh School for, Girls. Day and Boarding. Preparation | for leading Colleges. . to 7 p.m. . 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Catalogue and Information Furnished Upon Request. Georgetown University Campus 37th & O Sts., N.W. Telephone West 0820 STRAYER COLLEGE that we cannot longer accommodate | the growth of science, technology and | mechanical power to the bill of rights {and our form of Government. With { that I do not agree. Men's inventions jcannot be of more value than men | themselves, But it would be better | that we sacrifice something of eco- | nomic efficiency than to surrender | these primary liberties. In them lies | a spiritual right of men. Behind them | is the conception which is the highest | development of the Christian faith— the conception of individual freedom | with brotherhood. From them is che fullest flowering of individual human personality. Conflict of Liberty and Machine Age Held Imaginary. Those who proclaim that by the ma- | chine age there is created an irrecon- | cilable conflict in which liberty must | be sacrificed should not forget the | battles for these rights over the cen- turies, for let it be remembered that |in the end these are undying prin- ciples which spring from the souls of | men. We imagine conflict not because the principles of liberty are unwork- able in a machine age, but because we have not worked them conscientiously or have forgotten their true meaning. Nor do I admit that sacrifice of these rights would add to economic efficiency or would gain in economic security, or would find a single job or would give a single assurance in old age. The dynamic forces which sus- tain economic security and progress in human comfort lie deep below the sur- face. They reach to those human im- pulses which are watered alone by freedom. The initiative of men, their enterprise, the inspiration of thought, flower in full only in the security of these rights. And by practical experience under the American system we have tested | this truth. And here I may repeat what I have said elsewhere. Down through a century and a half this American concept of human freedom has enriched the whole world. From the release of the spirit, the initiative, the co-operation, and the courage of men, which alone comes of these freedoms, has been builded this very machine age with all its additions of comfort, its reductions of sweat. Wher- ever in the world the system of in- dividual liberty has been sustained, mankind has been better clothed, bet- ter fed, better housed, has had more leisure. Curtailment of Liberty Held Production Handicap. Above all, men and women have had more self-respect. They have been more generous and of finer spirit. Those who scoff that liberty is of no consequence to the underprivileged and the unemployed are grossly ignorant of the primary fact that it is through the creative and the productive impulses | of free men that the redemption of Government or out will attempt to consolidate privilege against their fel- lows. New invention and new ideas require the constant remolding of our civilization. The functions of Govern- ment must be readjusted from time to time to restrain the strong and pro- tect the weak. That is the preserva- tion of liberty itself. Virtue, Reason and Law Divisions of Bill of Rights. We ofttimes interpret some provi- slons of the bill of rights so that they over-ride others. They indeed jostle each other in course of changing na- tional life—but their respective do- meins can be defined by virtue, by reason, and by law. And the freedom of men is not possible without virtue, reason and law. Liberty comes alone and lives alone where the hard-won rights of men are held inalienable, where governments themselves may not infringe, where governments are indeed but the mechanisms to protect and sustain these principles. It was this concept for which America’s sons have died on a hundred battlefields. “For 20 years in the service of my country at home and abroad I have dealt with the backwash of war and revolution. I have had poignant duty to observe the beginning and the march of forces which lead to the overthrow of liberty in many lands. I have known the men who fought bravely to save humanity from these catastrophies. I have one conclusion from it all. Liberty never dies from direct at- tack. No one will dare rise tomorrow and say he is opposed to the bill of rights. Liberty dies from the en- croachment and disregard of its safe- | guards. Its destruction can be no less potent from ignorance or desire to find shortcuts to jump over some imme- diate pressure. In our country, abdi- cation of its responsibilities and pow- ers by Congress to the executive, the | | repudiation by the Government of its obligations, the centralization of au- thority into the Federal Government at the expense of local government, the building up of huge bureaucracies, the coercion or intimidation of citi- zens, are the same sort of first sap- ping of safeguards of human rights that have taken place in other lands. Here is the cause of anxiety and con- cern to the thinking citizens of the United States. George Washington, in his farewell address, warned: “One method of assault may be to effect, in the form of the Constitution, alterations which may impair the en- ergy of the system and thus to under- mine that which cannot be directly overthrown.” ‘Yet every form of constructive prog- ress can be developed within the spirit and safeguards of the bill of rights. That is the only foundation upon which progress may be permanent. All other foundations are the sands of disaster. The Nation seeks for solution of many difficulties. These solutions can come alone through the constructive forces which arise from the spirit of free men and women. The purifica- tion of liberty from abuses, the res- toration of confidence in the rights of men, from which come the releasc of the dynamic forces of initiative and enterprise, are alone the methods through which these solutions can be found and the purpose of American life assured. . Hoover (Continued From First Page.) their freedom for false promises of | economic security.” He branded as false the idea that sacrifice of per- sonal freedom can add to the eco- | | nomic efficiency, gain economic se- curity, “find a single job” or “give & single assurance in old age."” The truth of this, he asserted, has been tested by practical experience “under the American system.” Asserting that “always groups of audacious men in Government or out will consolidate privilege against their fellows,” Mr. Hoover termed the “bill of rights” portion of the Con- stitution “the invisible sentinels which guard the door of every home from invasion of coercion, of intimidation and fear. Herein is the expression of the spirit of men who would be forever free.” A shaft aimed at the growing cen- Finer=--and More Enjoyable "SALADA TEA It Weighs More Per Gallon —that's why you get MORE MILES BETTER PERFORMANCE, TOO ETHOLINE at the NEW LOW PRICE onpinary ©AsOLINg Let the scales tell you the story of Betholine's extra quality! You'll find that Betholine weighs %2 pound more per gallon than ordinary gasoline. And this extra weight means that there are thousands of extra power units in in every gallon of Betholine —which give you extra miles per gallon—extra miles per dollar—extra powerful performance. Don't confuse Betholine with ordinary gasoline. Betholine contains Benzol—the most powerful ingredient used in a motor fuel today. That’s why it's more powerful— why it gives you extra miles. And at the new low price of only 2¢ more a gallon than ordinary gasoline—you save money— for Betholin, extra miles more than make tralization of governmental powers was contained in a declaration that “liberty is safe only by a division of powers and upon local self-govern- ment.” The former President denied that respect for the safeguards contained in the first 10 amendments to the Constitution can be regarded as a “fetter upon progress.” “It has been no dead hand that has carried the uving principies over ; these centuries,” he said. Although stating “new invention and new ideas require the constant remolding of our civilization,” he de- clared the Nation's fundamental law can be changed and the functions of government adjusted from time to time “to restrain the strong and pro- tect the weak” without violence to the principles of freedom which the Constitution safeguards. 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Get “Miles of Smiles” with Betholine Zflapdld:mf BETHOLINE | those sufferers and their economic se- | curity must come. Any system which curtails these freedoms and stimulants to men destroys the possibility of the full production from which economic security can alone come. These rights and protection of the bill of rights are safeguarded in the Constitution through a delicate bal- ance and separation of powers in the framework of our Government. That has been founded on the experience over centuries including our own day. Liberty is safe only by & division of powers and upon local self-govern- ment. We know full well that power feeds upon itself—partly from the greed of power and partly from the innocent belief that utopia can be attained by dictation or coercion. Nor is respect for the bill of rights a fetter upon progress. It has been no dead hand that has carried the living principles of liberty over these centuries. 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