Evening Star Newspaper, July 25, 1935, Page 10

A—10 = THE EVENING STAR With Sunday Morning Edition. WASHINGTON, D. C. THURSDAY ...............July 25, 1935 THEODORE W. NOYES...........Editor The Evening Star Newspaper Company. Rate by Carrier Within the City. Regular Edition. The Evening Star__ -45¢ per month The Eveaing and Sund: he: Sunaays) n 0c per month The Evening and Sund & when 5 Sundays) 5¢ per month The Sunday Star_.. 5¢ per copy Night Final Edition. Night Final and Sunday Star-.__70c per month Night Final Star. 55c per mouth Collection made at the end of each month. Orders may be sent by mail or telecphone Na- tional 5000. Rate by Mail—Payable in Advance. Maryland and Virginia. Daily and Sunday Daily only Sunday only mo.. 85¢ $6.00; 1 mo.. 50c yr. $4.00; 1 mo.. 40c All Other States and Canada. Dally and Sunday__1 yr. $12.00; 1 mo. $1.00 Daily only_ 1 yr. $8.00i 1 mol Sunday only. 1 yri $5.00; 1 mo.l Member of the Associated Press. The Associated Press is exclusively entitled to the use for republication of all news dispatches credited to it or not otberwise credited in this paper and also the local news published herein All rights of publication of special dispatches herein are also reserved. — = Et Tu, Brute! A heavy blow was dealt to private charity by President Roosevelt yester- day when he followed his expression of opposition to making corporation con- tributions deductible upon tax returns with the seemingly gratuitous personal opinion that corporations should not give to charity anyway. His position becomes the more inexplicable as one recalls his repeated insistence that pri- vately supported welfare agencies must share the burden of emergency relief with the agencies dispensing public funds, and that they must ultimately be prepared to reassume the entire load of national philanthropy. In consistent effort to meet all earlier presidential requirements, a bill has been introduced in Congress making corporation contributions to charity deductible from their annual tax returns. Sponsored by Senator George and Rep- resentative McCormack, it has been strongly urged by the National Council of Community Chests, the National Con- | ference of Catholic Charities and the National Council of Jewish Federa- tions. It was felt by each of these organizations, representing a vast ma- jority of all private charity endeavor throughout the Nation, that the equity of permitting corporate deduction was self-evident and that the benefits to be derived from such present law as to make this possible would appeal strongly to those who recognize the importance of continuing and strengthening privately agencies. It has been hoped that the George-McCormack bill would be made a part of the genera? tax measure. The President’s bitter opposition to the proposed change in existing law comes as a complete surprise in view of his earlier expressions. A total of $80.000,000 is annually subscribed to pri- vate charities through the 400 Com- munity Chests throughout the Nation. Of this sum twenty-five per cent, or $20,000,000, is given in the form of con- tributions by upward of 50,000 individual corporations. The President today holds that this | giving toward the alleviation of na- | tional distress needs no encouragement | in the form of making such gifts de- ductible from taxation, as is the case with individual contributors. He asserts, making no exceptions, that such gifts amount to the “purchase of good will” on the part of the corporations in- volved. And then, striking even more ruthlessly at the foundations of private philanthropy, he asserts that corporate contributions to charity are, as such, a misuse of corporate funds by those making such gifts. 1t is not the first time that the Presi- dent, fired by a conviction that the motives of some business enterprises are in certain instances unworthy, has seen fit to impute base motives to all busi- ness. His willingness to hamstring pri- vate philanthropy, despite his earlier insistence upon its importance to the country, will be held by many to be indicative of unreasoned animosity to- ward American business as today or- ganized. There can be, he holds, no sincere interest on the part of a cor- poration in communal distress. Gifts toward its alleviation are, he insists, fundamentally and, in general, selfishly motivated for the purchase of a com- munity’s good will. The effect of the presidential attack on a vital phase of privae philanthropy would be dangerous to predict. If his position is indorsed by the public and if the corporations involved use it as an excuse for declining further gifts toward local needs, the future of such institutions as the Washington Com- munity Chest is indeed dark. But if, as may well be, it be deemed that there is at least as much propriety in the elected officers and directors of a cor- poration deciding upon the obligation of that business to the community in which it operates as there is in any individual's slurring of private policies, American business and American social welfare may still proceed to a healthy and much-to-be-desired destiny in the future scheme of things. The Crime Report. The House District Committee has taken the wise and the fair course in removing from the report of its investi- gating subcommittee references to al- leged derelictions of the United States Attorney, Mr. Garnett. If the facts re- lating to Mr. Garnett’s record had been ‘unassailable from the point of accuracy; if the statistics had been fully presented as representative of real conditions in indictment and prosecution of criminals, the condemnation of Mr. Garnett would undoubtedly have stood up under fire— politics or no politics. But such was not the case. The ac- curacy of the facts was challenged. The statistics were not complete. The testi- | The army and navy | treasury at $8,000,000,000. | debt jumped a change in the | supported | i head. mony of the Chief Justice of the District Supreme Court was ignored. The testi~ mony of the president of the Bar Associ- ation was interpreted in a manner that brought indignant protest from that wit- ness. Statements from authoritative sources in support of Mr. Garnett were contradictory to the sentiment expressed by the report. It met with no expressed favor from the community, and, on the other hand, was iramediately criticized by responsible organizations in & posi- tion to know Mr. Garnett's work. Now that the report has been revised to exclude what many believe were un- justified, unfair personal attacks, the committee will do well to work for the enactment in legislative form of many of its sound recommendations. Certainly the crime report should not be permitted to become merely “another report.”” And in this connection can the committee which has approved- the report now permit the indefensible pigeon-holing of one of its strong recom- mendations relating to amendments of the gambling laws? Such amendments have been incorporated in a bill which has passed the Senate. They have been requested by the police and the prose- cutors and by citizens familiar with the gambling laws. The committee should report the bill, held up by Representa- tive Palmisano, and press for its passage at this session. e —e— Nazis’ Armament Bill. Astounding figures attesting the mag- nitude of Germany's rearmament are revealed in an Associated Press dis- patch from Berlin. They indicate that the Nazis have been lavishing upon machinery of war a greater outlay than any other country in the world. Cal- culations based on the best available | private data disclose that Hitler has spent on his army, navy and air force | an almost incredible average of 600~ 000,000 marks (about $240,000,000) & month, or at a rate, measured in Ameri- can terms, of roundly $3,000,000,000 a year. budget of the United States is puny by comparison. Of no less significance than this stag- gering evidence of determination to make the Reich a formidable war power is the effect of that project upon Ger- many's financial position. A “secret debt” of about $6.800.000,000 has been piled up in carrying out the rearmament | plans, with the result that the total Reich debt is now about $12,000,000,000. Some financial experts place the debt not officially acknowledged by the The secret in recent months from $4,000,000,000 or $4,800,000,000 to $6,800,- 000,000 because of the issuance of short- term bills to finance the “down with the Versailles treaty” program. The government's procedure appar- ently evokes no displeasure in the busi- ness world because it has become the backbone of German commercial activ- ity. Between fifty and sixty per cent of all industry at present, it is estimated, is stimulated by orders for the fighting forces. Italian economic “prosperity” is being similarly promoted by Mussolini’s preparations for war in Africa. The Nazis and the Fascists have seized upon vast-scale armament production as the most potent weapon against depression. While German banks, insurance com- panies and industrial corporations are turning liquid assets into short-term rearmament paper, a public debt struc- ture is being created which admittedly can come crashing down on Hitlerism’'s Any considerable dumping of these securities upon the market would not only slow up military, naval and air plans, but seriously cripple general treasury operations. ‘World-wide speculation continues as to the true inwardness of the current crusade against German Catholics, Protestants, Jews, war veterans and other organized elements suspected of hostility to certain phases of Nazi rule. It is persistently reported that economic conditions in the Reich are reaching the breaking point, and that Hitler has had recourse to & revival’' of racial and religious persecution in order to divert attention from a menacing situation. The mad rate at which Germany's substance is being squandered on armaments sug- gests one of the causes of national insecurity and peril which the govern- ment is anxious to cover up. e If the son of the King of Italy can conduct a successful campaign in Ethi- opia, he may become a strong political rival even to a dictator. -t Low numbers on automobiles imply & political pull. A policeman making arrests should not be required to make diplomatic calculations. New Taxi Rates. Only a supreme optimist could have anticipated that any order issued by the Public Utilities Commission regulating rates and zones for taxicabs would meet with universal approval by the taxicab operators. The local taxicab industry is existing on a highly competitive, in- dividualistic system which fundamental- ly is not amenable to regulation. But it is doubtful if the minority of taxi drivers complaining over the new rates and zones will get far with their protest. For the first time in many years the Public Utilitles Commission has been given specific authority to regulate zones and rates. Failure to accept its orders may mean loss of license. There are too many cabs as it is. The commission would doubtless be ready to enforce its order by license withdrawal. The new zones and rates, based largely on those already observed by a majority of the cabs, make provision for some extra compensation for drivers. They have the merit of uniformity. Beyond that they do not go very far toward im- proving the local cab’ situation. And nothing will go very far toward that end until the Public Utilities Commission is given authority to regulate not only rates and zones, but the working hours of drivers and the compulsory assump- tion by owners of financial responsibility. Drivers are being exploited now on the argument thnT(p increase rates and THE EVENING STAR, WASHINGTON, other expenses which should be incum= bent on operation of common carriers will put drivers out of work. Eventual- ly, regulation of the cab industry will be undertaken from the viewpoint of protection and convenience to the trav- eling public, and not merely to assure the employment of any number of drivers. r——— Coinage of mills will not soothe the imagination. The price reckoned in small units will only make the price of pork and potatoes sound the higher at the grocery store. s Conciliations are in order, but Italy has never yet called a conference to enable the King, the Dictator and the Pope of Rome to decide on how to man- age three governments at once, — o e England and America still speak the same language. There are dialect variations, but these apply rather to social comedy than to serious business of state. 7 ——rmte— Collective bargaining is commended, but with some arrangement that will not enable agencies independent of both workers and employers to step in and do most of the collecting. - Among the unwelcome chiselers who are hard to reach are the countries that take advantage of a liberal tariff policy to undersell American production. v Swiss mountains are dangerous to airplanes. “Stunt flying” is not likely to be encouraged in Europe’s favorite playground. ———— Press conferences are cheering inci- dents revealing a discreet capacity in all impulse to tell all they know. e Nazi discipline extends to youth or- ganizations. The tradition of happy boyhood days becomes troubled when it gets into politics. ———— Police Courts have been busy since the drive on heedless chauffeurs. A busy Police Court will be welcomed if it can contribute toward an idle morgue. —————— Ecpnomic students are compelled to take under consideration the strange possibility of bootleg munitions. B Shooting Stars, BY PHILANDER JOHNSON. A Sincere Salutation. My dentist friend, I fully know You den't intend To cause me woe. You'll show your skill As you refrain From any will To needless pain. In my distress You might with ease Make me say “ves” Just as you please. And maybe, in A little while, I'd try to grin And holler “Heil.” You never boast In cruel glee. Instead youre most Polite to me. And in the end I say anew, ©Oh, dentist friend, I honor you. Discreet Reticence. “Are you in favor of an early adjourn- ment?” “I decline to answer,” said Senator Sorghum. “I have discovered lately that anything I say I want is pretty likely to be what I don't get.” Jud Tunkins says in hot weather folks think up a lot of reasons for being un- comfortable instead of blaming it on the climate. - Passed an Exam. I brought a red apple To teacher so dear. I don't have to grapple With problems severe. She’s gently elated, I smile in content, My Psychology's rated One Hundred Per Cent. Prize Winning. “Appearances count for a great deal.” “You cen't depend on them too far,” said Miss Cayenne. “I have never met a lady who got a real start in political life by winning a prize in a beauty contest.” “My remote ancestors were very proud,” said Hi Ho, the sage of Chinatown, “but those who have helped me most were the recent ones, who were industrious and proficient in the laundry business.” Big Brawl. War is something after all Frequently allied To a sort of back yard brawl Highly magnified. Dreadful doing we may see As they flourish guns, Just because folks can't agree Where a fence line runs. i SLE “If everybody dat expects to git to heaven arrives dar,” said Uncle Eben, “dar’s liable to be some debate among de angels ’'bout which way de golden streets will run.” Silence. From the Philadelphia Evening Bulletin. The man whose wife goes on vacation while he keeps his nose to the grindstone realizes what Little America must be like between Byrd expeditions. Every One Knows It. From the Cincinnati Times-Star. A savant told the American Associa- tion for the Advancement of Science that the earth is getting hotter. Does he tlllnb‘ that's news? . concerned to avoid a precipitate | THE POLITICAL MILL K By G. Gould Lincoln. FALMOUTH, Mass.—President Roose- velt admittedly is to be the Democratic nominee for President next year. No Democrat seriously believes that it will be possible to prevent his renomination, although there is a growing number who would be glad to see another candidate. That being the case, Roosevelt will head the Democratic ticket on which all other Democrats seeking re-election to Con- gress and to other offices must run. It will never do, therefore, for these Demo- cratic candidates for office to tear down the popularity of the President. Rather they may be expected from now on to try to build it up. This political situation makes it doubly difficult, for those Democrats who do not like the President or his New Deal, most of them for their own self-preservation, must go along with the President. They may not like the A. A. A, the N. R. A, the T. V. A, or any of the alphabetical laws and “administrations” set up by the present administration, but they cannot afford to turn and rend them—much longer. What about the Republicans who helped to elect President Roosevelt three years ago? How many of them are “go- ing along” with him next year? He probably will be able to count on the Norrises, the La Follettes and the John- sons, although there is reason to believe that some of these gentlemen are rather sick of much of the New Deal. If the Republicans come forward with a really strong candidate, who makes an appeal to the country and who is able to make a strong, personal campaign. it is dollars to doughnuts that many of the rank and file who slid over to the Democratic standard in 1932 will be found back in the old G. O. P. next year. o With more than twelve months to go | before the 1936 campaign gets “hot,” many things may happen. President Roosevelt and the Democrats have, of course,a huge sum of money to spend hiring people for works of all kinds and to care for per- sons on relief. It was such a spending program which made the Democratic | campaign in 1934 strong enough to carry even such Republican strongholds as | Pennsylvania. Coupled with these relief expenditures goes the checks for the farmers of wheat, cotton, tobacco, cattle and hogs. If money can win the election | next year, it looks to be easy for the Democrats. The money will not be in Democratic contributions to campaign funds. It will be appropriations from the Federal Treasury. plus the processing taxes raised from all the people who consume. Much depends upon whether the peo- ple who are being “processed” are willing to go along with the New Deal program. If enough of the people who are not on relief of one kind or another get sore. | enough, the New Deal apple cart may be upset. Otherwise Mr. Roosevelt looks to be a sure winner. Can the Republicans put the Presi- | dent on the defensive? It begins to look | as though they might do it, if they are In 1932, Roosevelt | the | Hoover administration and the G. O. P. | Hoover was the | aggressive enough. and the Democrats went after hammer and tongs. target—because times were hard. He had to stand for evervthing from the failure of farm prices to the drought. This next campaign, however, Republi- can orators are likely to tear into the Roosevelt administration for its huge expenditures of money; its fatlure to bal- ance the budget; its set-up of in- aumerable bureaus, “administrations” and what not; for its disregard of the Con- stitution and the line of demarkation be- tween State and Federal governments, and for the failure of the Roosevelt ad- ministration to put millions of workers back to work in private industry., * ok ox x The President has been immune from personal attack for a long time. But more and more his critics are beginning to charge him with broken campaign pledges. He is being called a Socialist rather than a Democrat. He was so dubbed on the floor of the House recently by Representative Rich of Pennsylvania, a Republican. Some of his most severe critics, however, are found among the Democrats. Down in Texas, there is a lively group of Democrats organizing who are out to hamstring Roosevelt if they can. They call themselves a States’ rights organization. Every effort will be made by the Roose- velt leaders to head off a split or splits in the Democratic party—shoots from the main trunk with independent Demo- cratic candidates for President. Yet in sonfe of the Southern States signs of revolt are strong. Huey Long of Louisis ana, Gov. Talmadge in Georgia are among the threats to a solid South for the Roosevelt ticket next year. The dumping of a $36,000,000 P. W. A. project into Maine, the Passamaquoddy Dam to harness the tides and generate electricity, is a sample of what the ad- ministration may do to strengthen itself in various States which have fre- quently been Republican. It means spending a lot of money in the State which is often referred to as the political barometer of the country—“as Maine goes, so goes the Nation.” If the Demo- crats can carry the«Pine Tree State in September, 1936, it is a foregone con- clusion they will carry the country in November, administration leaders be- lieve. They might, of course, even lose Maine in September and still carry the country. But they would like the psychological advantage of a Maine vic- tory next year. * ok ok ¥ ‘The Passamaquoddy Dam project will be vigorously fought in the courts and in the State Legislature, if present indi- cations sere correct. There are power companies established in Maine, with thousands of investors in their securities, which look with horror on the Passama- quoddy project. They see no market for both their own product and the pgoduct of “Quoddy,” and they do not figure that any private concern can compete with the Government when it comes to pro- ducing and selling anything. For the Government can sell for anything it de- sires under cost of production and make up the deficit from other sources of revenue. Officials of the Bangor Hydro-Electric Co. and the Central Maine Power Co. say that the power companies are watch- fully awalting events in regard to “Quoddy.” But they are likely to be- come very active in a fight to protect what they consider their own and their security holders’ rights. Furthermore, they are declaring that the “Quoddy” project will cost the people a great deal more than $36,000,000 before it is ever finished, if it is finished. Indeed, they go so far as to assert that the total cost may run up to $100,000,000. What they hope is that the people and the country may get sick of such a project, costing so much money, before it is really well under way. 1t is predicted, too, that it will be three years before the project can be com- pleted. A lot of this may be propaganda. But there is no doubt that the whole matter will be taken into the courts, it is said. That is what the administra- tion, as represented by Thomas C. Cor- coran, who was delegated by the Presi- dent to work on the legal end of the “Quoddy” project, has feared. / D. C. THURSDAY, JULY 25, 1935. THIS AND THAT BY CHARLES E. TRACEWELL. There is & ray of light in the traffic situation, after all. ‘The motorists are beginning to be afraid of each other! They are becoming jittery, slowing down, seeking back roads. “¥ky are you poking along so?” arked a better-half from the back seat. “Well, to be frank about it, I'm get- ting scared of all those deaths recently,” replied the man at the wheel. If this attitude grows—and it seems to be on the way—it may result in safer streets, roads, boulevards, avenues. ST A lower, sensible rate of speed is the answer. The motorist quoted above instinc- tively gave the remedy. The trouble comes, however, in the value this age has set on speed. It is not just American. Railroads of several European nations have bragged recently of their improve- ments—notably in increased mileage per hour. Our own Pennsylvania Railroad has spent millions of dollars electrifying the line between Washington and New York. Increased speed is one of the ob- Jectives. We were over to Union Station the other day, standing under the umbrella sheds over which now run the electric wires with their huge insulators. Such enormous insulators we never saw in our life. When we thought of the tiny glass affairs we used to use in the early days of radio the contrast was amusing, in any way one chose to look at it. * % ¥ X We stood there and wondered what the Pennsy got out of the increased speed or what the riding public got out of it. Didn't the old trains, with their magic of steam locomotives, haul one around fast enough for all practical purposes? We tried our best to feel that the romance had gone out of railroading— and we failed, at once and completely. There was just as much romance as ever. It had survived the speed mania! When the long train pulled out we got just as much thrill out of it as ever. * % X x Still, we wondered what they want with more speed. Where will it end? Where will the universal desire for speed, noise and numbers end? Around the world the movement goes. In the name of progress, aided by sci- ence, we must have speed, noise and numbers, no matter what the cases call for. We know that thousands will assert, | with much heat, that speed has nothing | at all to do with the traffic situation. They put too much heat into the argument, however. All any one has to do to prove to himself, at least, that speed is the crux of the matter is to watch the thing afoot, man or beast. STARS, MEN ‘Turn the masterful eye away from the machine, for once, and regard life. ‘Then it will be seen easily enough, and plainly, that the motor vehicle going along easily has a much better chance of not hitting, not running down, the pedesirian, whether human or ani- mal, than the car going at an accelerated rate of speed. * * ¥ ¥ Here is a truck bowling along a resi- dence street at 40 miles an hour. When a small dog runs out, the man at the wheel hasn’t time to turn out. He actually hasn't time in which to do anything. 8o he runs squarely over the pup. It isn't & pretty sight. He stops— backs up. ' He protests his innocence. Maybe he has a dog of his own at home. He wouldn't deliberately run over a dog. He couldn't help it. So he says, and so it is, and that is the point. Had he been going at 20 miles he would have been approaching at a slower speed, and just the few extra seconds would have permitted him to do some- thing about it. * ¥ * x An automobile accident is usually the result of a few seconds—not minutes. It is all over in a twinkling of an eye. The eye must twinkle just a little longer, that is all, in each case. A ragged man was standing at the circle when we alighted. We told him about the small dog | being killed. “God help us,” said the ragged man. God help us, indeed. It was the sin- cere expression of an honest man, and | it will be echoed by other honest people | ‘who have not permitted the god of speed to throw too much dust in their eyes. * ¥ x X ‘The trouble comes in translating all this into action. Everybody knows how it is. You can have safety campaigns until | —T.J. G. you are blue in the face. You can con- vert nine-tenths of the people, but until the other tenth is brought into line the rest seems undone. You can write, also, and everybody | will say, “Yes, that's right,” then go right out into the street and forget all about it. It is hopeful to believe that motorists themselves, as veritable self-protection, will bring about a reform. It is up to them. The famous pedestrian can do very | little about it. He is afraid now. To him it will come as comforting news that car drivers themselves are becoming afraid of each other. Then they will do something about it. It rests with them. Words won't do it. Deeds, restraint, thinking of others, thinking of one’s self—these will do it, in time. Thoughts and actions will do it in time. AND ATOMS Notebook of Science Progress in Field, Laboratory and Study. BY THOMAS R. HENRY. ‘Who are the Abyssinians? For 2,000 years a melting pot of the Eastern World, the mountain-fortressed empire of Ethiopia, which once more is in the headlines, is a jig-saw puzzle for anthropologists. Throughout history there has been a continual ebb and flow of immigrant peoples. Its mountain fast- nesses have provided a last refuge for defeated tribes. There has been the slow, inevitable intermixture of Hamite, Semite, Persian, Mongol and the grad- ual infiltration of negroid elements from the south. This is indicated by the name of the country—never used by the natives themselves. “Abyssinia” is derived from the Arabian word “habesh,” which means “mixed.” It was applied as a term of derision. Basically the people are Hamites, mentbers of the white race closely allied with the Egyptians, the berbers and the nomad peoples of the Sahara. It is a race characterized by curly hair, high and narrow heads, straight and narrow noses, thin lips and reddish brown skins. ‘The skin color ranges from chololate to deep black in the south, to pale olive and even white in the north. In spite of their color the Ethiopians cannot be confused with the negroid races of Africa, although some elements of these peoples have crept into the stock. The origin of the Hamitic peoples is unknown, but it is believed that they had a common ancestry with the dark, narrow-headed races on the northern shore of the Mediterranean. Basic in the Abyssinian stock are the Beja. They are a truly Hamitic people, almost identical physically with the pre- dynastic Egyptians. They are a brown people with curly hair, lean and sinewy physiques, straight noses and thin lips. Some of the tribal divisions of the Beja probably are very close to the aboriginal inhabitants of Northeast Africa. There is unquestionably a large Jew- ish element among the Ethiopians. This is especially notable among the Falasha, who retain the Jewish religion in a very ancient form. ‘Two groups of them have secluded set- tlements high in the mountains. The religious observance is extreme. It is a sin even to visit the house of an unbe- liever. They are farmers and metal workers, They never have taken part in the commercial life of the country. It is estimated that there are about 120,000 pure-blooded Jews in Ethiopia, in*addition to the large racial admix- ture. How they got there nobody knows. One theory is that when the Jewish people left Egypt under the leadership of Moses at the time of the plague & part of them went southward instead of following the.leader to Palestine. Still another legend is that a large Jewish colony attended the Queen of Sheba— that is, Ethiopia—when she returned from her well-known visit to Solomon. Another and more probable theory is that the Ethiopian Jews were immi- grants from Babylon during the time of the captivity. L ‘There is a considerable Arabian popu- hfimmdnmuhrgumwrmmm:'l Arabian blood. The chief contacts Abyssinia as a nation were with Arabia. told the House Investigating Committee not long ago that he had expec Representative Brewster of Maine to a bulwark against such suits. The passage of the A. A. A. bill on Tuesday was expected. The strange thing about it was that it took so long to get it through the Senate. The bill has been touted as greatly desired by the farmers, as well as the administration. The decision of Circuit Court of Appeals in Boston, holding the processing taxes unconstitutional, doubtless had a good deal to do with the delay. On the other hand, many of the Senators are tired ‘The Arablans constitute a large part of the merchant class. They have certain | hereditary occupations, including that of agajeer, or elephant hunter. The skill of these men, who attack elephants armed only with sharp knives, with which they cut the tendon of the heel, long has aroused the wonder of Euro- pean travelers. These Arabians remain fanatical Moslems. Another group of followers of Ma- homet are the Waitos, of unknown ra- cial origin, who live near Lake Tsana. These people, however, combine with the creed of Mohammed the peculiar “cult of the hippopotamus.” Every man must kill a hippopotamus single-handed be- fore he is allowed to marry. Of equally unknown origin are the Koomants, chiefly distinguished by a peculiar religion in which Christian, Moslem and Jewish elements are com- bined. The actual European intermixture has been very small. Since the advance of Mohammedanism the European contact with the country has been only through occasional missionaries, diplomatic mis- sions and small bodies of soldiers. £ xox ox ‘The population includes about 350,000 Somali tribesmen —tall, broad - shoul- dered, narrow-nosed people who are basically of the same eastern Hamite stock with considerable negroid and some Arabian intermixture. Their leg- ends of Arabian descent are believed to date back to a series of Arabian im- migrations into East Africa between the thirteenth and fifteenth centuries. For the most part they are nomads, tending considerable herds of sheep and cattle. There are a few settled farmers and some so-called “outcastes”—the skilled workers in leather and iron. The Somali are a fighting race. All go armed with spear, shield, short sword and gun. Among some tribes there is a special distinction for having killed a man—signified by the wearing of an ostrich feather. They are quick-tem- pered, keenly sensitive and intelligent and make good soldiers. Scattered over Central Abyssinia are another Hamitic people, the Galla. They call themselves the Sons of Orma, a tribal culture hero. They are mostly nomad herdsmen, with brown skins, high foreheads and thin noses. The Galla are the great beekeepers. Honey is one of the staple foods; and a recognized cause for divorce among them is failure of & husband to supply plenty of it. They also have a long fighting tradition and the men go about armed with a lance, a two-edged knife and a shield of buffalo or hippopotamus hide. They worship the serpent as the creator of human race and sacrifice oxen and to their high gods. Over some there is a thin veneer of Abys- Christianity. ——i—atn— German Thrills. Prom the Cincinnati Times-Star. The Nazis have banned dime novels, evidently on the theory that life under Hitler is thrilling enough as it is. A Rhyme at Twilight By Gertrude Brooke Hamilton Dusk Dreams I may not know day dreams of you. Not till your hours of toil are thru And dusk releases your dear feet My own to meet, my own to meet; Not till the town has set you free And given all your heart to me Can I reveal in twilight's hue My love for you, my love for you. Should somé chill dusk give me no sight Of your loved face in early night, 1'd say good-by to dreams and you— Good-by 7” of you. ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS By Frederic ]. Haskin, A reader can get the answer to any question of fact by writing The Washing- ton Evening Star Information Bureau, Frederic J. Haskin, Director, Washing- ton, D.C. Please inclose stamp jor reply. Q. How does the number of words in & play compare with the number in a movie?—T. W. A. Five thousand words is the limit of a screen play, while an average play for the stage is about 20,000 words. Q. Who assists the Prince of Wales in preparing his speeches?—S. W. A. They are prepared with the as- sistance of advisers, chief of whom is Sir Godfrey Thomas, who has been his private secretary since 1921. Q. What language does the Emperor of Abyssinia speak?—G. T. A. He speaks Amharic, which is the Semitic language used by the ruling caste. Q. Did Sir Walter Raleigh ever come to this country?—J. A. H. A. He never came to North America. He made two journeys to South Amer- ica—one in 1595 and the other in 1617. Q. Did a woman attempt to assassi- nate Mussolini several years ago?—M. K. A. On April 7, 1926, as he was leaving the capitol, where he had inaugurated a surgical congress, an Irishwoman, the Hon. Violet Gibson, fired at him with a revolver, slightly wounding him in the nose. His assailant appeared to be de- mented. Q. What is meant by the word “crap- ulous"?—W. J. A. The word means inclined to be grossly intemperate in drinking or eat- ing or suffering from illness following such indulgence. Q. How is the money obtained to carry on Dr. Grenfell's mission at Labrador? A. The International Grenfell Asso- ciation has an annual budget of $200,- 000, about half of which is covered by endowment. Most of the work, however, is done by volunteers. Q. How many newspapers are there in Germany?—K. L. M. A. At the end of 1934 there were 2,623 newspapers registered, with a total paid circulation of 15,019,400, Q. Why is Oklahoma Sooner State?—L. G. called the A. Those settlers who entered on April 22, 1889, with the rush, found much of the best land taken up by those who had evaded the guards and entered the terri- tory in advance of the official opening. These persons who evaded the regula- tions and thus secured the best land were known as Sooners. Q. What are the call letters of the Eiffel Tower radip station?—R. T. “A. The call letters are FLE. The trans- missions are on two waves simultane- | ously—9,370 kilocycles (32 m.) and 4,000 kilocycles (75 m.). Q. Is work relief less damaging to the morale of the recipient than home re- lief>—T. M. A. Relief and Mental Health says: “All experienced workers agree that work re- lief is less damaging to the personality than home relief, especially for new ap- plicants. It forestalls a feeling of sur- render, which is hard to overcome. Work relief should, therefore, be given pref- erence where possible. When there is | resistance to work relief on the part of | clients it can usually be overcome by | reasonable practices and regulations. | Reinstatement for home relief should be | made simple, so that people will not be afraid to take jobs of uncertain dura- tion. The reapplication and new investi- | gation should be divested of needlessly humiliating procedures which undo the value of work relief. The client who has | been on work relief may have believed that he was well on the way to inde- pendence or had already arrived. The return to home relief may be trying.” Q. What prizes in England correspond to our Pulitzer Prizes?>—G. B. A. The James Tait Black Prize is for the best English novel of the year. The Hawthornden Prize is awarded annually to the best work of imaginative litera- ture by an English author under 41 years of age. Q. From what height did the six Rus- sian women leap from planes?—H. H. A. At Khimki, near Moscow, the sig girls, without oxygen apparatus, leaped from a height of 22,000 feet. Q. Who said “Let reverence of the law become the political religion of the Na- tion”?—B. A. M. A. It is attributed to Abraham Lin- coln. Q. Where was Verdi's “Il Trovatore” first produced?—E. M. A. This opera was first produced in Rome on January 19, 1853; in the United States, May 2, 1855. Q. Do any American newspapers use carrier pigeons for transporting news or photographs?—W. A. A. The New York Journal raised some pigeons on its premises and used them for’ the first time in carrying photo- graphs from the steamer Normandie when it arrived at quarantine in the New York Harbor. The birds delivered the negatives in about half the time required by other transportation facili- ties. It is said that the carrier pigeon can see for 150 miles in clear weather and a grown bird can fly 400 miles at top speed. Q. What is done with damaged china or discarded White House furniture?— T- NP A. They are considered Government property and when broken or found obsolete are surveyed and rendered unfit for use. Q. Why is the word pajamas some- times spelled pyjamas?—A. D. A. It is so spelled because this more nearly reproduces the sound of the Hin- dustani word from which the English word is derived. Q. Who is president of the National Tourist Lodge & Motor Court Trade Association?—K. L. A. J. C. Stevens of Jacksonville, Fla., is president of the organization. Q. Were many Columbian half-dol- lars made for the Chicago World's Fair? —T. T. D. A. About 4,000,000 were made. Q. In what year did Walt Whitman write “Out of the Cradle Endlessly Rocking”?—M. P. A. In the New York Saturday Press of December 24, 1859, this lyric poem ap- peared under the title of “A Child's Reminiscences.” The following year the title was changed to “A Word Out of the Sea.” Finally, the poem came to be known as “Out of the Cradle End=