Evening Star Newspaper, July 17, 1935, Page 8

THE EVENING STAR ‘With Sunday Morning Edition. WASHINGTON, D. C. July 17, 1935 THEODORE W. NOYES...........Editor The Evening Star Newspaper Company. 11th st hkd Pennivivania Ave 1 t. an nnsylva) A ce: Lake : European Office: 14 Regent st., London, England. Rate by Carrier Within the City. Regular Editio The Evening Si The Eveaing an (when per month The Sunday Star_ e per copy f Night ght Final and Sunday Star. ight Final Star. 5¢ per month Collection made ai the end of each month. be sent by mail or telephone Na- 0c per month Orders_may tional 5000. Rate by Mal—Payable in Advance. Maryland and Virginia, Sunday .. $10.00: $6.00 $4.00 1 mo., 88¢ 1 mo. 50c 1 mo. 40¢ Daily and Daily only. Sunday only_ All Other States and Can: Daily and Sunday__1 yr. $12.00; Daily only $R.00: 1 Bunday only $5.00; 1 mo. Member of the Associated Press. The Associated Press is exclusively entitled to the use for republication of all news dispatches credited to it or not otherwise credited in this paper and also the local news published herein. All rights of publication of special dispatches herein are also reserved. e S 50c Shadows of Coming Events. While more than sixscore cases in- volving the validity of the A. A. A. are now pending in the courts, the case brought by former Senator William M. Butler, one of the receivers of the Hoosac Mills Corporation, was one of the earliest attempts to overthrow the processing tax and and all its works. The Gov- ernment counted on it—involving, as it did, most of the important features of the agricultural adjustment experi- ment—for the test of constitutionality before the United States Supreme Court. And the fact that the Government was upheld in the district court gave added incentive to the Department of Justice to expedite the appeal toward a final decision. But the lower court’s decision was made prior to the Schechter decision ending the N. R. A. And this latter de- cision plainly “forecast the fate of A.A.A. That forecast has now received added force by reason of the decision yesterday. While the Government in- tends to press for a final answer next Fall, the Government attorneys must suffer an overpowering sense of futility. For the decision yesterday in the Fed- eral Circuit Court of Appeals at Boston, while covering three main points, strikes at the very heart of the processing tax— crop control principle—leaving very little to build on. Such legal objections as the delega- tion of power to the executive branch of the Government might be overcome by proper amendment of the A. A. A. statute. The A. A. A. amendments now approaching a vote in the Senate have been defended by their proponents partly on that ground; that they seek & more explicit and legislatively defined delegation of power. But the doom of A. A. A. seems logic- ally to have been sealed by the appellate | court’s emphasis on inherent limitations of the extension of Federal power in new fields, the court basing much of its opinion on the findings in the Schechter case: “The power of Congress to regulate iInterstate commerce does not authorize it to do so by taking products, either of agriculture or industry, before they enter interstate commerce, or otherwise to control their production merely be- cause their production may indirectly affect interstate commerce. * * * It is clear, .we think, that under the recent decision of the Supreme Couft * * * that Congress at the outset has attempted to invade a fleld over.which it has no control, since its obvious purpose, viz., to control or regulate the production of agricultural products in the several States by the methods adopted in this act, is beyond the power of Con- gress. * * * The issue is not, as the Government contends, whether Congress can appropriate funds raised for any purpose deemed by Congress in further- ance of the ‘general welfare,” but whether Congress has any power to control or regulate matters left to the States and lay a special tax for that purpose.” If it is now the purpose of the Presi- dent to make an issue of constitutional amendment for the purpose of accom- plishing what otherwise is impossible under the Constitution, the opinion yes- terday constitutes a further step in clari- fication of that issue. As David Law- rence suggests elsewhere in today's Star, the A. A. A. decision covers ground which should end all doubt as to the validity of the Guffey coal bill, which the President wants enacted. It may even place further doubt on the consti- tutionality of fundamental principles of the pending social security legislation. The fact that this second major test of New Dealism has been brought by William Butler, former Republican na- tional chairman, is not without some political significance and political in- terest. Inviting Confusion. The chief issue which now divides ‘House and Senate on the social security legislation is the Clark amendment, added in the Senate, which exempts from the provisions of the Government old-age insurance plan those private companies which have set up retire- ment-pension plans of their own of an equal or higher standard than the Gov- ernment plan. And it is difficult to understand why this reasonable amendment, based on practical, common sense, should become the issue. For the chief arguments against it are based on the generalized supposition that the majority of private employers are at heart rascals who would seek %o evade- self-assumed re- sponsibilities, under private pension plans, by firing their older and more experienced employes and that the Gov- ernment’s pension plan would be thrown out of actuarial balance by competition with private plans. . The fact of the matter is that a great [ THE E\}ENING STAR, WASHINGTON, D. many private employers have pioneered in the field of retirement-pensions; they have plans of their own of far higher standard than the Government require- ments. Why, if they have done volun- tarily what the Government is seeking to accomplish by legislative coercion, are they to be charged in advance with seek- ing loopholes by which they may evade their own requirements? If not ex- empted, on the other hand, the tendency will be to pull down the structure of private pensions to the lower level of the compulsory Government plan. There is the practical suggestion, voiced by some of the best lawyers in the Senate, that the section of the old- age security legislation most apt to fall before the attacks in the courts is the Federal old-age insurance scheme. If private pension plans are to be pulled down by a law which may later be declared unconstitutional, the unneces- sary confusion thus caused is obvious. The Senate should insist on the Clark amendment. ) Mussolini and Peace. Peace in Africa, according to Premier Mussolini, is “still possible.” He has “not said” that he is determined on war with Ethiopia “no matter what happens.” Statements to this effect were made by 11 Duce on Tuesday in an interview with Hans V. Kaltenborn, American editor and radio commentator, who was per= mitted to propound questions on the Italo-Abyssinian controversy and quote the Fascist chief’s replies. Perhaps Mussolini’s most important observation was his admission that Italy’s “East African case” has been “rather badly presented to the world,” and in consequence “not been thoroughly un- derstood.” Tt is regrettable that he did American interviewer cannot have failed to offer him to elucidate Italy’s “case.” The premier confined himself to nega- tives—for example, his asserticn that establishment of a joint Italo-Franco- British protectorate in Abyssinia is “im- possible because multilateral protectorates are no good.” Mussolini thus inferen- tially discloses that nothing but Italian domination of the Ethiopian realm will satisfy him. Intentionally or otherwise, he leaves it to be concluded that Italy is embarking upon a deliberate campaign of conquest. Mussolini assured - Mr. withdraw from the League of Nations, and that she “might have got on with Ethiopia if certain European nations had not worked against us.” The premier in- | dicated that with Italo-French friend- ship established, no more international pressure to thwart Italian purposes is his path to victory and glory unob- structed. * Despite Mussolini’'s declaration that | is discussing war as “inevitable.” Diplo- wholly ineffectual to halt hostilities. Military activities proceed intensively. Plans are now announced to overwhelm the Ethiopians with an air force of six hundred planes. Abyssinia on her part is preparing to face the Italians in such strength as she can muster. There are said to be 800,- 000 potential warriors in the country, but general mobilization will be ordered only as a last resort. Haile Selassie’s difficulty is munitions, rather than men, with increasing unlikelihood of his abil- ity to obtain supplies on any large scale. It is a sad commentary on twentieth century civilization that the world stands by as helplessly as it did in July, 1914, while another war of utterly immeas- urable consequences makes ready to burst upon chagrined mankind. A study in infinitude worthy of Prof. Einstein is presented by an implied de- mand for some authority that would in effect be a super Supreme Court. R Friendship. There is not enough friendship in the world, and Dr. J. L. Moreno, a sociologist working in New York City, has set him- self the task of trying to discover why that should be so. The first fruits of his inquiry were announced yesterday; further reports will be forthcoming as his investigation proceeds. Few persons, it is indicated, ever have any friends, and a still smaller number retain such friendships as they make. Only thirty per cent of children at- tending public schools meet companions there with whom they can share their minds and hearts, while but twenty-five per cent of adults are destined to ex- perience the mutual regard, respect and affection which are the basic phenomena of friendship in the accurate meaning of the word. Dr. Moreno, therefore, es- timates that approximately sixty-five million Americans are going through life isolated from the joys of intimate and lasting communion with their fellows. The difficulty appears to be one of adjustment. A satisfying and durable relation between two different individu- als requires a balance of give and take so delicate as to be easily destroyed. The philosopher Ralph ,w:ldo Emerson sought to summarize the principle of the bond in the epigram: “The only way to have a friend is to be one.” But the thought is not quite deep enough. In effect, it leaves unanswered the ques- tion: How? No man, it seems, can be a friend simply by wishing. Instead, an art of partnership is involved—a friend- ship, like a bargain, must be co-opera- tively built; it cannot be the -achieve- ment of a single participant alone. The blind poet Homer guessed at the truth when he spoke of two friends as being “two bodies with one soul inspir'd.” Yet that, too, is a shallow conception, failing to take into account the sober fact that souls are individualistic. Hope, however, may be detected in the influence which environment and society have upon people. Labor at an identic job, for example, certainly brings the laborers into a kind of harmony of purpose. - Residence together likewise on occasion promotes tolerance and » not seize the opportunity which his | Kaltenborn that Italy does not wish to, | sister. to be expected. With Great Britain thus | foiled in the attempt to restrain him | through Geneva, I1 Duce apparently sees | peace is “still possible,” the Italian press | matic efforts to avert it are assailed as | | vives any chill charity, Granted that similarity of opinion or taste now and again creates & hostile reaction, Sydney Smith was responding normally when he said to Lady Holland: “Madam, I have been looking for a person who disliked gravy all my life, Let us swear eternal friend- ship!” . ———————— e Fraudulent Lobbying A charge that lobbying by wire against the utilities legislation now pending in Congress h2s been carried on fraudulent- 1y, through the use of names taken from directories and appended to telegraph messages without the knowledge or con= seht of the individuals, adds consider- ably to the public interest in the inquiry now in progress before the Senate in- vestigating committee. According to a statement by a former telegraph company employe, quantities of telegrams thus signed were sent to members of Congress from Warren, Pa. Suspicion was raised in the mind of a member as to one of these wires and a query brought a denial that such a message had been sent. Such a practice is, of course, wholly wrong. It is, furthermore, altogether foolish. For it reacts unfavorably against the interest prompting the fraudulent manifestation. Fuller investigation will perhaps disclose the source of this scheme to flood Congress with messages. Who- ever started it blundered badly in think- ing that a lobby so contrived could pos- sibly be of service to the cause he rep= resented. And there is, furthermore, the possibility of prosécution for fraud and technical fgrgery in the unauthorized use of names taken at random from a directory and written in on quantity- production messages of protest and per- suasion. ‘The right of the people to petition Congress is guaranteed by the Constitu- tion. The abuse of that right by fraud through the unauthorized use of genuine names or the use of fictitious names is an offense against the public interest as well as against those whose names are used without warrant. If the transmit- ting agency participated in this fraud by tolerance of the use of names taken from directories it is equally guilty of fraud. If it was imposed upon by the unscrupulous agent of utility interests it is entitled to its remedy of correction. ——— v The profession of law is frankly em- | barrassed by practitioners who are | dazzled by the spotlight of publicity and bewildered by the siren song of the sob The law is essentially dignified in its severity and should be kept as far as possible from the domain of popular entertainment. R Unnecessary holding companies are to be defined. Even those deemed neces- sary will be observed in order to prevent the assumption that necessity knows no | law. —_— The Blue Eagle is becoming so sedate that he may suggest as an understudy the penguin, whose quaint gravity sur- Plans to soak the rich have resulted so far in presenting to view a long clothes line full of old financial linen. . Shooting Stars, BY PHILANDER JOHNSON. Altogether Different. They bid us laugh at trouble and to chase dull care away, nurse it day by day. But I couldn't laugh at trouble and I couldn't banish care When fate turned out a grievance as my own especial share. I've smiled at the material for cus- tomary glee; The cook who burned the biscuit seemed a mirthful sprite to me. The small boy with the stomach ache —how he has made me grin; How I've chuckled at the teacher who sat down upon a pin. But when the biscuit that was burned at breakfast met my gaze My feelings sought expression in a dozen different ways. The small boy with the pain, when once I met him face to face, Evoked my sympathy and left of laughter not a trace. Of joy the situation showed a most convincing lack When I sustained a puncture by & pin or by a tack. That smiles will banish sorrow all philosophy has shown; But it's hard to laugh at trouble if the trouble is your own. The Art of Oratory. “Did your speech change anybody’s mind?” “I wasn't hoping to change anybody's mind,” answered Senator Sorghum. “I've tried to find our what the majority of the voters thought and then convince them that I was with them.” A Disadvantage. “fruth,” sald the ready-made philos- opher, “is stranger than fiction.” ““Yes,” replied the cynic; “but it suf- fers under the disadvantage of seldom being so well expressed.” Miscalculation. How oft, alas, he comes to view To terrorize the scene— The crank who thinks that he is due To run the whole machine! Unsympathetig. “Ever since I bought dat mule f'um you all's pa,” said Mr. Erastus Pinkley, “he’s been tryin’ to kick me.” “Well,” replied Miss Miami Brown, “pa allus did say dat mule were a power=- ful good jedge o’ human nature.” Indestructible Interest. ‘Though mighty is the Nation’s task, - Aud tumult gathers far away, No real fan forgets to ask, “Where does our ball club stand teday?” “A man kin git de reputation of bein’ foolish,” said Uncle Eben, “by sayin' nothin’ an’ ', and of bein’ wise by sayin’ nothin' an’ lookin’ solemn.” 3 A '3 ,NEW BOOKS AT RANDOM Margaret Germond. AN EASTERN ODYSSEY. By Georges Le Fevre. Boston: Little, Brown & Co. ‘The unparalleled achievement of a modern Marco Polo who traveled seven thousand miles across Asia at the head of a caravan of motor vehicles is now recorded in a volume dedicated to the memory of Geoerges-Marie Haardt, who died only a few days after his goal had been reached. In two previous expedi- tions undertaken by Haardt and Louis Audouin-Dubreuil the possibilities of motor vehicles as a means of explora- tion were amply demonstrated. Out of the success of these journeys was born the inspiration for the third and, unfor- tunately, the last under the leadership of M. Haardt. It will be remembered that the first expedition, in 1922, consisting of five track cars and ten explorers, journeyed from Touggourt to Timbuctoo, blazing the trail between the African colonies and opening the way for improved com- munication between Algeria and West Africa. The second expedition, which has become known as the “Black Jour- ney,” crossed Central Africa and resulted in the inauguration.of all varieties of rapid communication across the Dark Continent. Much scientific material was gathered and pictorial records made, but neither of these adventures on wheels into unexplored regions had been planned on so comprehensive a scale as experience dictated for the third. ‘The possibility of crossing Asia with track cars offered a tremendous oppor- tunity to rediscover traces of the trail followed in ‘the seventh century by Hiuan-Tsang and in the thirteenth cen- tury by Marco Polo, t¢ enlarge the world of science, art, economics, and perhaps also to aid in bringing more closely together the masses of humanity sepa- rated through the agés by the deserts and other hitherto unsurmountable ob- stacles of nature. More than three years of preparation went into the task of making ready for the journey across Asia. The building of specially constructed tractor cars and trailers, negotiations with foreign gov- ernments for permission to pass through countries in whith strange visitors are not warmly welcomed, stocking with sup- plies and equipment, selecting leaders for | the various scientific and other types.of researches to be made, changing routes and plans as some countries granted the request for passage and then withdrew their approval, and the-tremendous task of organizing the whole required months of patient labor. When the expedition finally set out in the Spring of ™31 every contingency had been provided for and every position competently filled, including cooks, me- chanics, physicians and the historian, whose work now presented in book form. Day by day the chtonicler recorded the adventures and the progress of the jour- ney. Simultaneously the two sections of the expedition began the hazardous trek, one from Beirut and the other from Peking, both headed for Central Asia. Radio made possible a fairly satisfactory means of communication. Lectures and motion pictures have al- ready given to a limited public a part of the dramatic story of the ten months’ Journey through Syria, Persia, Turkestan, Afghanistan and over the Pamir Range into China, and from Urumchi, where the two groups met, on to Peking to- gether. But only in this written history of the journey over the roof of the world can the full import of that superb ad- venture be truly appreciated. It is a tale of thrilling triumphs, bitter | hardships and courageous deternination | to conquer the unknown wilderness of the oldest continent in the world. Some of the hoped-for results are even now in the making. The chrenicle has been translated and adapted by Maj. Gen. Sir E. D. Swin- contains also a preface by Andre Cit- | roen, who made possible all three of the For trouble will grow greater if you | Haardt-Audouin-Dubreuil expeditions, and an introduction by Louis Audouin- Dubreuil, partner and friend of the hero | of the epic adventures. It contains many illustrations from photographs, and its inside covers are decorated with maps defining the routes of the two divisions. * ¥ x % ALBERT AND THE BELGIANS. By Charles d'Ydewalle. New York: Wil- liam Morrow & Co. A newspaper man writes his memories of the King who held the love of all the civilized peoples of the earth. The book does not pretend to be a history or a biography of Albert, King ot the Belgians, but merely presents the man as a journalist and an intimate friend of the family knew him. His first acquaint- ance with the King was when the royal family visited his uncle, the Baron van Caloen, shortly before the close of the Great War. At that time he was but a youth and played with Albert’s children, later becoming a frequent visitor at the palace and on one occasion accompanys- ing the King on an expedition to Africa. These reminiscences are therefore the genuine impressions of a friend and ad- mirer of the King in his many activities unrelated to the business of being a ruler, as well as in some of the graver responsibilities which fell so heavily upon his shoulders. As scientist, natu-~ | ralist, aviator, sportsman and as King, Albert is presented in word sketches that bring back to memory the well-known and highly esteemed ability, gallantry and human understanding that won the sympathy and love of mankind. Resedrch into the feverish ectivities of war days has yielded someé material that is here published for the first time, including a most interesting chapter on the events leading up to the King's visit to Germany in 1913 and the secret meet- ing with Kaiser Wilhelm that proved to be the motive camouflaged behind a courteous invitation to review the regi- ment of Luneberg Dragoons, of which Baron Beyens, Minister from Belgium, was the honorary colonel. ‘The book necessarily deals largely with the activities of post-war days, when the valiant little nation that suffered most in the nightmare of 1914-19]8 was strug- gling through the painful period of re- construction under the leadership of the man to whom his people came first in all things. The story ends with an account of all of the collected informa- tion relating to the tragic accident thdt The life of Albert, as here recorded, is not a brilliant piece of work, but it has the merit of being a sincere tribute, undertaken as a labor of love. It has been translated from the French by Phyllis Megroz. No Celestial Movies. From the Grand Island (Nebr.) Independent. view of a clergyman that there The are, no pictures in Heaven does C., WEDNESDAY, JULY 17, 1935. THIS AND THAT BY CHARLES E. TRACEWELL. It is the fashion out our way never to admit it is hot. No matter how much the folks swelter in the city, we sleep under 50 we say. This is a fiction that does no one any harm and pleases most of us vastly. The joke of it is that often-enough it is precisely as we say. Homes open on all sides, under great trees, wide open spaces, lack of crowding—— These are some of the factors that contribute to much lower thermometer readings the year around. 5 We can count on 4 to 6 degrees differ- ence, Winter and Summer. During the cold months it doesn’t make much dif- ference, one way or another, but when sultry Summer weather is over the land a few degrees make a vast difference, indeed. * * k% Hence it comes about that the story about blankets is not all story. Some of it is blankets. It is not generally realized, perhaps, that there is an even greater suscepti- bility to cold in sleeping on the part of many persons than in the everyday up-and-moving life. The inertness of sleep permits the exposed skin surfaces to cool off rapidly. It seems that some natures stand this better than others. ‘Those who are tender in this respect invariably pull up covers under the half wakeful impression that they are freezing to death, as they say. Actually it is merely a surface im- pression. Those who sleep in what used to be called “the raw,” or totally with- out clothing, know something of the cooling effect, even on a hot night. It is mildly absurd to think of people wearing even the lightest pajamas or other sleeping garments when nights are sultry. Surely the darkness is enough for all the purposes of even a Victorian modesty. * ¥ % x "The best ways of ventilating a home in very hot weather will always be a matter for dispute. Some have found that closing the downstairs up tightly after the outside temperature goes higher than that inside is the best way. There is nothing to be gained from the | outside any more, much to be lost by permitting the grecious coolness of the interior to be warmed up by it. As to the upstairs, that is another matter. Many believe that nothing at all is to be gained by closing the win- dows here. There is plain gain if there is an Attic with windows to keep these open as well as the door to the attic. If this can be combined with open windows and doors in the basement, the householder has one of Nature's own inventions—the draft. The staircases set up as a sort of chimney, drawing in air from the bottom and taking the heated air away at the top. $E S In the evening as soon as the sun has gone down it is best to open up the entire house. Whether the upstairs windows are best open at top and bottom is a matter for study. There are always people who insist on full-length screens for the sleeping quarters and others of equal perspicacity who declare that it makes no difference whether the air space is all in one section, at the bottom, or in two parts, one each at top and bottom. Some who have tried both ways claim that it makes not the slightest bit of difference, The amount of air space is the same jn either case. Casement windows, which swing like doors, offer the most air, theoretically, but actually have the entire pane acting as a sort of shield to cut off air from at least one direction. It may be believed that there is much imagination used in regard to all the features of warmth and heat. As long as human beings have imaginations, they will confinue to use them in regard to the hundred and one affairs of the daily life. Just let some one get into his head the idea that windows lowered from the top make a room cooler, he will swear they do, no matter if you prove to him that there is not a degree’s difference. * ok ko He is cooler in his mind; that is what counts. Every one has heard the famous story, as originally told by a professor of psy- chology to his classes, of the man who went to a hotel, but could not raise the windows. After he had retired he began to be breathless. If only he could get that window up! He must have air, but recalled that he could not budge the stubborn window. Reaching over the side of his bed he seized a shoe and heaved it in the general direction of the pane. A satisfying tinkle of glass met his ears. “Ah!” he said, breathing easier at once. Then he went to sleep and slept the famous sleep of the just. The next morning he discovered that he had struck the wash basin and broken it to pieces. The pane was intact, the window as tightly shut as ever. ¥ *x ®x Most of us out our way will never admit to anything more than a slight _uncomfortableness on just a few nights. | Perhaps once a year maybe a night becomes a little warm. Oh, it is not at all hot, mind you, but | just, ah, sticky—you know how it is. Then we lie awake listening to the | chiming of the thrushes. We pify all those brickbound city folk who have not heard the thrushes chime. | Chime—not sing. Singing is what they do all day long | in their inimitable way. What they do at dawn is chime and here is how they do it: The first touches of Aurora are filter- ing through the great trees, making faint shadows on the grass. Far in the distance sounds a gurgle, then the first faint triad of the lovely music. Surely it is Nature singing. Closer, right outside the window, an- | other thrush awakes to the day. He answers. So, back and forth the strains chime; such is the effect upon a sensitive ear. If the two songs were simultaneous, not | answering, they would harmonize. Slowly they grow louder and louder, | until at last they assume the full pro- portions of the music of these incom- parable singers. Cool on their boughs they sing at | dawn, hailing the day, no matter how | warm. WASHINGTON OBSERVATIONS BY FREDERIC WILLIAM WILE. That member of the House or Senate with drag enough to induce President Roosevelt to instigate or sanction early | adjournment will have an ironclad claim ton, K. B. E, C. B, D. 8. O, and it | on the Congressional Medal of Honor | or, at least, to the undying gratitude of hundreds of frazzled legislators. How rampant adjournment sentiment is in the House was evidenced by the vocif- erous ovation given to Representative Deen, Democrat, of Georgia when he demanded this week that Congress stack arms. There is widespread Senate desire for adjournment, too, but the gentle- men’s agreement between Finance Chair- man Pat Harrison and Bob La Follette is the stumbling block. The compact calls for wealith-tax legislation at the present session, come what may. Even if Mr. Roosevelt were to signal his ap- proval of a recess, the Progressives prob= ably would insist upon keeping the con= gressional nose mercilessly to the grind- stone.: They cannot be unaware of the unpopularity of that program, with hun- dreds of weary colleagues craving for the repose of home, but there’s little sign of any readiness to yield to the clamor. *x % x Representative Braswell Drue Deen, the Georgia Democrat, who has made the front pages with his single-handed battle for adjournment, is in the midst of his second term in Congress. He is a man of varied background, having begun life as a teacher. He left his home -county superintendency of schools to enlist for Y. M. C. A. service in the World War. Later he became president of the South Georgia Junior College, a farmer and real estate man, editor and proprietor of a weekly newspaper and president of a bank. If by some miracle Congress does quit sooner than hitherto expected, there’ll be an inclination on Capitol Hill to look upon Deen as the hero of the adjournment campaign. * ® X X Although Russia stands in the Treas- ury’s books as a debt defaulter debarred from access to the American money market, New York offices of the “Soviet- American Securities Corporation” are offering for sale Soviet Union 7 per céent gold bonds. In an announcement addressed to “instituticnal investors” it is stated that the bonds have “market- ability equivalent to that of & demand note.” The offer explains that the present parity of the gold ruble is 8713 cents and that “obviously any further increase in the price of gold in terms of the dollar would cause these bonds to aj iate in value.” Princi- pal and interest payments are said to be based upon a fixed quantity of gold and payable in American currency at the prevailing rate of exchange. * kK X After -a considerable radio silence, Senator Huey Long will be back on the air next Friday evening, July 19, when, over a coast-to-coast network he will hold forth on the announced subject of “The Need of Sincerity and Truth in Mr. Roosevelt’s Promises.” The King- fish will speak from Washington and presumably deal with pending wealth- tax proposals, the general idea of which, was once our envoy to Chile. While on duty at Constantinople in 1912-13 Mr. Philip received the Red Cross Balkan War Medal for humanitarian services rendered during the Turco-Balkan cam- paign. * ok x % There's anything but enthusiasm in official Washington over plans to set up enlistment bureaus for the Ethi- | opian Army in the United States. Were such activities to reach any extensive proportions they would almost inevitably lead to protest and diplomatic compli- cations. Samuel Daniels, founder and president of the “Pan-African Recon- struction Association,” is quoted as hav- ing said in New York the other day that while it would be illegal officially to recruit soldiers here, “an Ethiopian | representative in Washington” had con- vinced Daniels that Harlemites and others who care to “organize volun- tarily” would be “welcome and accepted.” It was also indicated that transporta- tion would be “guaranteed.” * X ¥ ¥ Miss Mary Evelyn Bendelari, ener- getic young Ohioan, hopes for enact- ment before adjournment of Congress of the Vandenberg amendment to the Duffy copyright revision bill, for which she has been active in Washington on behalf of the National Council on Design. Miss Bendelari, who is famed throughout the international world of footwear, has a lively professional in- terest, based on personal experience, in legislation to safeguard the property right in designs. For several years she | operated a factory in France, producing | a unique sandal shoe of her own con- ception that obtained world-wide popu- larity. Finally her business was wiped out by ruthless copying, especially in the United States. Thenceforth she determined to devote herself to the problem of making such industrial grand larceny impossible. So she went to work to interest Congress in passing a protective law which would prevent the products of designers from being imi- tated in sweatshops and enable men and women to reap the legitimate rewards of creative ability. The Vandenberg amendment would put design copyright in the Library of Congress. * ¥ X x In honor of the late Meyer London, lation looking to national social security, including unemployment insurance. (Copyright, ll)?fi.) Bath Tubs. 1l (Mass.) Evening Leader. statistics to show that 25 the American people are vided with bath tubs. But since repeal it has been possible to get open market. In Russia. the Detroit News. death sentences are passed Russia, a right flelder who in this new Moscow as well keep on ] 53y i i Geographical Definition. the .pmhle. (N. C) :ou?:l. U. where some- probed, but where abou a : L gL t the results a g i i ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS By Frederic J. Haskin, A reader can get the answer to any question of fact by writing The Washing- ton Evening Star Information Bureau, Frederic J., Haskin, Director, Washing- ton, D.C. Please inclose stamp for reply. Q. Do most deaths from drowning occur in Midsummer?—E. B. A. Twe-thirds of all drownings occur in May, June, July and August. Drown- ing claims about 7,700 lives each year. . Q Can postal savings accounts be opened at every post office?—W. D. A. Postal savings accounts may be opened only at post offices which have been designated as postal savings de- vositories. Q. When did mahogany come into general use?—E. F. A. While mahogany was used in late Elizabethan days and the periods of William and Mary and Queen Anne, it was not until after 1715 that it came fully into its own. Prior to this time the bulk of furniture in Europe was made of native species as the cost of a cargo of mahogany made it an expensive luxury. H. Avery Tripping in his tome, “English Homes of the Early Georgian,” in speaking of the use of mahogany as early as 1671 states, “While in the reign of Queen Anne, it gradually sup- | plemented walnut in the cabinetmaker's esteem.” - Q. What is the derivation of the word academy?—H. D. S. A. The word is derived from the olive grove of Academe, Plato’s re- | tirement. Q. Where was the first school for the deaf in the United States?—G. G. A. The first permanent school for | the deaf in the United States was establisied in Hartford, Conn,, in 1816, Q. What is the source of the expres- | sion “passing the buck”?—E. B. A. The phrase “pass the buck” is de- | rived from the game of cards. In such | games, the counter or other object is placed on the table before the dealer | and passed by him to the next dealer to prevent mistakes as to the position | of the deal. In poker, a marker is put into a jack pot, another jack pot being in order when the deal passes to him who holds the buck. Q. What is zymurgy?—E. M. A. This is a branch of technological chemistry treating of processes in which | fermentation is the principal feature, as brewing, making of yeast, and wine- | making. Q. Was Mary J. Holmes, the novelist, married?—W. H. A. She was married to Daniel Holmes, | a lawyer of Brockport, N. Y. Q. Who invented the streamlined train?>—C. C. S. A. A patent for a streamlined train, | forerunner of those of today, was granted by the United States Patent Office to Samuel R. Calthrop of Rox- bury, Mass,, in 1865. Q. Please give a brief history of Blackbeard, the pirate—W. T. B. A. Blackbeard was the nickname given to Edward Teach. He was born in Bristol. The date is not recorded. He probably started out as a common sailor | and took to piracy in 1716. He was called Blackbeard from the length and thickness of his beard. He was killed by an expedition sent out under Lieut. Robert Maynard. Q. When was Ray Chapman killed by a base ball>—L. H. J. A. Ray Chapman, shortstop of the | Cleveland team, died August 13, 1920, | after having his skull fractured by a base ball. Q. Is it true that the Sargasso Sea is particularly clear?—R. McC. A. The Sargasso Sea is distinguished by exceptionally high salinity, high | temperature, an unusually blue color, and great transparency. The sea is surrounded by the great current sys- tems of the Atlantic and its waters are comparatively motionless. Sediment brought down by rivers does not reach this sea. Another reason for its trans- parency is the lack of plankton, & minute organism which is found to & greater or less degree in practically all the oceans. Q. Why was the strip of desert known as the Gadsden Purchase acquired?— PN A. The Guadalupe-Hidalgo treaty qf 1848 concluded the Mexican War. Seri- ous disagreement as to the exact extent of the newly gained region in what is now Southern Arizona and Southwest New Mexico developed. This was cleared up in 1853 by the Gadsden Purchase of the area in dispute. The settlement of the boundary dispute was considered in this country to be of greater moment than the acquisition of the land, which was thought to be of little or no value for cultivation, and it was in the minds of enterprising Americans that through | this region the Southern Pacifie Rail- | road, already projected, might find an advantageous route, as in fact it did. Q. Is the donor of the Mellon Cathe- dral still living?—C. G. A. The $4,000,000 Presbyterian church in Pittsburgh was a gift of Richard B. Mellon and his wife. Richard B. Mellon died on December 1, 1933. Mrs. Mellon is living and was presen. at the dedi- cation. s A Rhyme at Twilight By i Gertrude Brooke Hamilton World Wanderer Books in childhood failed to hold him. And on any Summer day He was flat upon a hillside in the wind's unhampered sway. College lay like chains upon him. And he sought the open sea, Left detaining hands behind him, roved from port to port set free. Yet as youth’s hot blood cooled in him there was born a latent shame That his kindred should turn icy at the mention of his name. In the spots of ancient culture, and in many a mellowed clime, To the quest of truth and science he began to give his time; Till a city steeped in wisdom stayed him for ambition’s strife. And by slow ascent he ftraveled to a pinnacle in life, Then one day the hidden yearning of the exile took him home. Though the kindred he had dreamed of in traversing alien foam Made him feel no disenchantment—on & windy Summer day ‘With & seasoned laugh he left them for the world’s untrammeled way! ' !