Evening Star Newspaper, July 18, 1935, Page 1

(U. 8. Weather Bureau Forecast.) Generally fair and continued warm to- night and tomorrow; gentle south and southwest winds. ‘Temperatures—Highest, 88, at 4:30 p.m. yesterday; lowest, 72, at 5:30 a.m. today. Closing N. Y. Markets, Pages 17, 18, 19 No. 33,315. Entered as second class matter post office, Washington, D. C. € WASHINGTON, D. C, THURSDAY, KING CALLS ETHIOPIANS TO ARMS AGAINST ITALY; WILL LEAD OWN TROOPS Asks Nation to Small States Hold Italy Is Ready, Unite in Battle. VICTORY SURE, SELASSIE SAYS Blames Il Duce in| Appeal—Atroci- ties Denied. | By the Associated Press. ADDIS ABABA, Ethiopia, July 18— Emperor Haile Selassie called on all Ethiopians to follow him into battle today, declaring it was better to die free than to live without liberty. | The King of Kings and Lion of | Judah, addressed both his parliament and his soldiers. In impassioned tones he said the | military preparations by Italy now go- ing forward proved the intentions of tha} country to conquer Ethiopia. He called on all his subjects to unite and co-operate for the defense of the country, saying he would lead the troops into war. He appealed to all not to fear death. “Our ancestors,” he shouted, “pre- served their independence by sacri- ficing their lives. Follow their ex- ample! | “God will be our fortress and shield and the modern armament of aggres- sors cannot deter our duty, which is sacred for Ethiopian independence.” | Reviews Long Dispute. | Reviewing Ethiopia’s past relations with Italy and the events from the skirmish at Ualual last December until now, the Emperor described Ethiopia’s | efforts for a peaceful settlement of | the dispute and also similar efforts by | the British which, he said, Premier | Mussolini of Italy had “brutally ie- Jected.” | He said the fact that Italian mili- tary preparations were continning | proved Italy’s intention to conquer | Ethiopia forcibly and said the danger | of war was evident despite the fact that Ethiopia was profoundly imbued with respect for promises and the ! sanctity of treaties. | He said Ethiopia did not wish wlr,} but would defend herself to the last | man if attacked. | He said Ethiopia did not desire a | hegemony and did not menace her | neighbors, but was mistress of her ' \Leaguels Guardian Of Ethiopia Rights Integrity of Nation Must Be Preserved, Group to Insist. By the Associated Press. GENEVA, July 18.—League of Na- tions circles said today that smaller States would demand that the Council, to deal with the Italo-Ethiopian crisis, protect the integrity of Ethiopia—to which Italy, England and France are committed by the treaty of 1906. These sources said the League, facing its sternest test since Japan's withdrawal, in bringing the East African controversy “out into the hostilities. The League Council must meet automatically about July 25 unless arbitration of the dispute is resumed | or the conciliation commission asks | for more time. Council members al ¢ | ready have been asked to stand by for:l a call to Geneva. Since Italy accepted the May reso- lution providing for conciliation, its ! representatives were expected to at- tend the projected session. POWERS INFORMED OF .. PEAC A Moral Support for League’s Efforts Seen in Phillips’ Statement. By the Associated Press. Emphasizing the American Govern- | | ment’s desire for a peaceful settlement | confirmed today the official Italian of the Italo-Ethiopian crisis, Willam Phillips, acting Secretary of State, re- vealed today that all American envoys abroad have been authorized to in- | form other powers of the United States’ attitude. Phillips’ statement, coinciding with announcement in Geneva that the League of Nations would convene next week in an attempt to achieve a peace- fui settlement of the African dispute, was interpreted by some observers as lending moral support to the League's own country and would fight to the effos bitter end defending her integrity, independence and sovereignty. | The Emperor declared that Italian intentions to use modern scientific weapons of warfare would meet with the resistance of all his subjects. { Haile Selassie declared: “Soldiers, | ‘wken on the battlefield you learn the death of your beloved and respected | chief, who has fallen in the defense | of liberty, do not weep and do not | despair but think of those who die| for the fatherland as happy mortals! Appeals to All Groups. “Soldiers, traders, peasants, young and old men and women unite and | co-operate for the defense of the eountry. | “As in the past, women will hero- fcally participate in the defense of the country, encouraging the soldiers and treating the wounded. | “Regardless of faiths, all will face the invader in common unity, thwart- ing the efforts of Italy to create discord between Christians and Mo- ans. “Your sovereign, now speaking, will be among you unhesitatingly to spill all his blood for independence!” He repeatedly stressed that Ethiopia does not want war and is desirous of following the ways of peace mentioned in the Kellogg-Briand pact. He said his appeal to.the United States under that pact and the initiation of final ateps by the League of Nations Coun- cil was proof of this desire. L “If our repeated efforts for good will' fail, our conscience is clear and | the Ethiopian people, united, can con- fidently stretch their hands to God, ‘who will defend the just cause of our country, the heroic courage. of our soldiers in a battle for inde- pendence.” Brings Tears and Applause. Many in the audience burst into| tears when the Emperor made his ref- erence to his possible death on the battlefield. The rest of his flery ad- dress was met with enthusiasm, ap- plause and shouting. At the close of the speech, the Somali chief of Ogaden Province rose up and spoke in Arabic, translated into Amharic, Ethiopia’s state lan- + guage, pledging his loyalty and the loyalty of his people to Haile Selassie, and promising in the name of all E g ¢ This country will not be represent- ed by an observer at the League ses- sion, Phillips said, because the Italo- Ethiopian controversy is considered of chief concern to European nations. Envoys Are informed. American Ambassadors and Min- isters in European countries, however, have been advised of this Nation's stand, he added, and are keeping in close touch with the governments to which they are accredited concerning all developments. Phillips said Secretary Hull had in- vited the Italian, Britisn and French Ambassadors to the State Department to obtain their views of the situation and to clarify their Government's position. Phillips revealed for the first time, officially, that Hull had diplomatically notified Agisto Rosso, the Italian en- voy, that thé United States would view hostilities in Africa with deep concern and sincerely heped that a peaceful settlement would be achieved without recourse to arms. Observance of War Planned. If and when war drums sound in Africa, United States Army officers will ' be close students of equipment, tactics and any new developments in the "art of warfare. However, War Department officials declined any comment today on what plans the United States might have for observing hostilities in the event Italy and Ethiopia go to war. Until after a formal declaration of war, they have no “official cognizance” of threatening hostilities. May Be Asked to Watch. Col. Jeromie G. Pillow, Cavalry, is military attache at Rome, and Lieut. Thomas White, Air Corps, is assistant attache for air. Their normal duties include the gathering of all legitimate information concerning the Italian Army. In the event of actual fighting they might be invited to observe ac- tion from the Italiaz lines. ‘The United States has no military attache at Addis Ababa, but officers now attached to American embassies in Paris, London or some other Eu- ropean power might be assigned as observers with Emperor Haile Selas- sie’s mountain fighters. Boy Drowns ih "% |After Falling Off Spring Board was Hhat, ava- Mussolini Asserts. PATH OF ARMY i NOW CLEARED Atrocities Charged to Ethiopians in Report. \ .B! the Associated Press. ROME, July 18—Premier Musso- {1ini informed his nation today that | open,” will concentrate its strength in | Jialy's military preparations in her | | an effort to prevent an outbreak of | colony of Eritrea, east of Ethiopia, | are in excellent shape. This announcement was contained |in a telegram he sen: Gen. Debono, | high commissioner of Eritrea. After receiving reports from De- bono, Mussolini telegraphed: “I wish to inform the country the | works of the high commissioner have been developed in all fields with in- tense and ceaseless rhythm so as to put Eritrae in a position to face pres- ent and future tasks. Everything in Readiness. “All that is necessary for the life of a population 10 times increased and of the metropelitan and native army ; —roads, water, foodstuffs. barracks, | communications, hospiials. | have been provided for despite th ’ difficulties which, for various reasons, principally that of great aistance, have | been immense. “The congestion at the port of Mas- | | saua, which gave us Lively anxiety, is | has bent the oppasition. “In regard to military services, much remains to do, but I believe the most difficult period has passed.” Ambassador Sugimura of Japan version of representations he made to | Mussolini that Japan has no political | interests in Ethiopia. | He said this assurance was in accord | with general instructions he received |at the time he came to Rome last Atrocities Charged. Italy charged Ethiopian tribesmen today with “mutilating numerous children” in a mass attack on de- fenseless natives of Eritrean Dancall. Widespread indignation was aroused | as the full details of the alleged raid | on the Italian colony May 31, charged in a propaganda ministry com- | munique, were published for the first time today. Mussolinl's own newspaper, Popolo | D'Italia, reviewing the Italo-Ethiopian {crisis in an article believed to have | been written or at least inspired by | Tl Duce himself, asserted: | “A.duel opened with arms cannot | be resolved except by arms.” | A government spokesman gave as- surance that Italy watched develop- ments toward Ethiopian mobilization |and a special session of the League | of Nations Council, confident of its | own preparedness and the justifica- | tion of its cause. He said that Italy was keenly aware of Ethiopian military preparations, in- dicating it would not be caught nap- ping by an imminent Ethiopian decla- ration of general mobilization. He insisted that Italy was sure (See ITALY, Page 5.) A ALCOHOL TAX UNIT LETS OUT 385 MEN Personnel Numbers 4,150, Slight- ly Higher Than Before Forced Examinations. Final figures on c.cmissals in the alcohol tax unit of the Internal Rev- enue, because of “overmanning,” show 385 men wcie et out, effective this week. This leaves the enforcement per- sonnel at 4,150, which is ulightly higher than it was before the much- discussed McKellar rider forced ex- aminations, as a cesuit oi which many men were eliminated from the service. ‘When the examinatirns depleted the force below strength, more men were added; then th: Treasury Secretary determined some of those let out by virtue of the examinations wer= done an injustice, and taey, were taken back. This double increasc, Treasury offi- cials explained, built up the outfit until it was overmanted. Swimming Pool and an| | infinite number of othcr necessities— | | about to cease. Fascist faith and will | BORAH OPENS GUINS ONU.S. EFFORTT0 Senator Denounces Steps to Close Courts to Proc- essing Tax Recovery. GOVERNMENT REFUSES TO STAND BY OPINION Cummings Declares He Will Not Recognize “Correctness” of De- cision Rendered in Boston. While Attorney General Cummings today announced the Department of Justice will carry the legal battle over the constitutionality of the A. A. A. to the Supreme Court “as soon as possible,” Senator Borah, Repub- lican, of Idaho, was denouncing ad- ministration steps to close the courts to processing tax recovery suits. Borah opened the debate on this | controversial section of the A. A. A. amendments in the Senate with the claim this recovery denial would bene- fit big companies which have passed the tax on to consumers but injure small companies which have been unable to do so. Taxes to Be Collected. Cummings meanwhile was telling reporters the adverse decision of the First Circuit Court of Appeals in Bos- ton on the Hoosac Mills A. A"A. case did not prevent future collection of processing taxes under the adjustment program except in that particular case. He added: “The Government does not acquiesce in the correctness of the court attack- ing constitutionality of the A. A. A" “Where there has been & wrong perpetrated, and property taken,” Borah asserted on the Senate floor, “I do not believe you can deny a man the right to go into court. “It is true that some of the taxes have been passed on to the consumer by the large processing companies, but the small companies have been unable in.many instances to do so and by reason of that have suffered. “Thus we have a bill benefitting the companies who cgn pass the tax on, but denying the small companies the right to recovery.” He declared denial of the “right to sue the sovereign” has “been em- bodied tn the law cver the objection of some of the ablest members of our court.” g “It is my contention,” he dec] “that the right to sue should never be denied except in the rarest cases.” Borah attacked what he termed the “fiction” that “you cant sue the sovereign.” p Senator Robinson, the Democratic leader, interrupted to defend the administration proposal. “Why does the Senator refer to this fundamental principle as & fic- tion?” Robinson asked. “Does he not recognize that from the beginning of the Government that principle has been adhered to?” “It originated in the past with the theory that ‘the King can do no wrong,'” Borah retorted. “England never had any law supporting it. It rests upon what I claim is a pure fic- tion that the King can do no wrong. Not Supperted By Constitution. “There is not in the Constitution a | line or letter indicating exemption of the Government from suits by citi- zens.” “Do you mean there is no limit at all to suits against the Government?” Robinson asked. “If T had my way that is what I would contend,” Borah replied. “But I realize I am closed to that. I cannot conceive why when a citizen is wronged under a free government he shouldn’t have a right to be heard. It is a fiction, a falsehood, a libel upon free government.” Meanwhile, in a statement support- ing his proposal to repeal the recipro- cal tariff law by a rider to the A. A. A. legislation, Senator McCarran, Demo- crat of Nevada, said that the new trade agreement with Soviet Russia “cannot do other than discourage in- dustry in this country.” “It is inconceivable,” McCarran said, “that while the energy of the American public and Congress is bent toward the upbuilding of commercial life'and industrial life in this country the State Department should enter into a reciprocal trade agreement to bring commodities and products from Russia, with all its attendant deplor- able labor conditions, into competition with American industry and American products.” Suits to Be Qpposed. levied to stabilize agricultural prices and to afford relief for farmers. “These injunction cases,” Cum- g H JULY . 18, 1935 0T RULIG oK BY PNER BOARD [May Cut $3,700,000 Off, Alabama Company’s Claims on Dam. BY J. A. FOX. In a case viewed as having vital bearing on the administration of the | water power act, the Federal Power | Commission today won the opening | skirmish in a long fight to knock off | more than $3,700,000 from the original | costs claimed by the Alabama Power { Co. for the huge Mitchell Dam hydro- | electric project’ Justice Jennings Bailey in District | | Supreme Court, who handed down the | decision, said: “The pisintiff volun- | tarily accepted a license from the Government and is bound by its con- ditions.” ‘The Alabama company had chal- lenged the right of the commission to | fix costs and the amount set in this determination. ‘The importance of ihe original costs on a hydroelectric project lies in the fact that on it must be based rates, issuance of securitics and recapture— cost to Government or State if the right to take over the project » exer- cised at the termination of the 50- year leasehold. A ihc commission it was said that rn: same question de- cided by Justice Ba.lcy is tied up in| | projects totaling some $750,000.000 Supreme Court Ruling Cited." In his decision Justice Bailey based action on the Suprewme Court ruling on the celebrated case of the Clarion | River Power Co. o tor of a proj- | | ect on Clarion River, Pa. This prop- | erty is one belonging tn the Associated Gas & Electric Co, row figuring in the utilities lobbyias inquiry, and | on the issues invclved the court held the Power Commissicn has the right to determine the c:iginal costs. Co- incidentally . the Alabuma Power Co. is one of the properiies of Common- wealth Southern, one of the opponents of the Tennessee Valley development. Deciding the Alabama case, Justice Bailey said: “Section 4F of the Federal water power act empowers the commission to prescribe rules and regulations for the establishment of a system of ac- counts and for the maintenance thereof by licenses thereunder. “Following the reasoning of the Supreme Court in construing similar provisions applying to the Interstate Commerce Commission, I think that the defendant commission has the power to require the amount found by is as the cost of the plaintiff’s proj- ect to be carried as that cost on the latter’s books of accounts. Action Held Not Arbitrary. “The only question that remains is whether the order of the commission has been arbitrary is ‘contrary to the undisputed character of the evidence— afid wholly without support in such evidence.’ The plaintiff was occorded a full hearing by the commission, and while the court might not agree in toto with its findings, I do not think that it follows that the action of the commission was arbitrary. I find that there was substantial evidence to sup- port these findings and thaf conse- quently it is not for the court to set them aside. Apparently the only loss to the defendant that may result from ‘William Duke, Tobacco Salesman, Killed Near Osage, Iowa. D. C. MAN.DIES IN CRASH ¢ o Sfar —~FIFTY-TWO PAGES. The only evening paper in Washington with the Associated Press News and Wirephoto Services. %% THE BLOCKADE RUNNERS. 950 to Share Bonus Of $25,000 as Mill Prosperity Revives By the Associated Press. ROSSVILLE, Ga., July 18—A bonus of $25,000 to $30,000 will be distributed this week end to 950 employes of Peerless Woolen Mills, one of the oldest plants of its kind in Georgia. Suspended during the depres- sion, the bonus payment previ- ously had been paid for many years. An official of the mill was asked today if the payment wes indicative of improved business in woolen generally. He replied: “I don't know about that, but it might be indicative of better business with us.” CONFERES SEE SECURTY ACCORD House and Senate Remain Firm on Private Pen- sion Plans. BY J. A. O’'LEARY. House and Senate conferees will lock horns again within a day or two on the one remaining issue in the adminis- tration’s social security program—the question of whether industries will be allowed to remain out of the Govern- ment old-age insurance system if they operate private retirement plans equal to or more beneficial than the pro- posed Federal plan. After agreeing yesterday to all other differences in the security program, bagh branches of Congress insisted on their disagreement over the private pension amendment, which was spon- sored in the Senate by Senator Clark, Democrat, of Missouri, .and adopted there by a decisive vote. The House took two votes on the question yesterday. It first went on record, 268 to 78, against accepting the Senate amendment, and then voted 269 to 65 to instruct the House con- ferees not to accept ity Senate Takes Similar Action. Later in the afternoon the Senate also voted, without a roll call, to insist on the Clark amendment, asked a further conference and appointed the same conferees. The Senate’s request was laid before the House today, where conferees were reappointed in prepara- tion for an early meeting. It is_possible compromise proposals will be suggested when the confer- ences are resumed. If that proves im- possible, one Lranch or the other will have to yleld before the social security | ing. bill can be completed and sent to the President. Whatever decision the conferees reach will have to go before the House ana Senate again for final action. p ‘The Clark amendment was approved in the Senate originally by & vote of 51 to 35, and its supporters there are expected to make a fight against sur- render. 15,000 Red Cross Aid Stations To Enter Safety Campaign The American Red Cross is laying Plans for a country-wide drive against WAR ON POLITICAL CATHOLICS OPENED | Goering Warns They Must| Give Way to Positive Nazi Beliefs. By the Associated Press. BERLIN, July 18—Gen. Hermann | Wilhelm Goering, minister of avia- | tion and commander of Germany's | secret police, today issued an order to criminal prosecution authorities to enforce strictly the existing decrees against “political catholicism.” Goering said this catholicism “must | be overcome by positive national so- | cialism.” Foreshadowing the Catholic stressed the important task which the Hitler youth movement faces in the | present clash between the philosophies of life. Cultural Fight Rejected. Today's decree said: “The minister emphatically de- mands that all authorities promote the Hitler youth organization.” It continued with a claim that Goering, now as before, rejects the idea of a cultural fight against the Roman Catholic Church, but said, “All means will be invoked against those Catholic priests who misuse their religious au- | thority.” | The order follows shortly after s bitter protest by the Catholic Church | against the sterilization law, the re- striction of Catholic youth arganiza- | tions, and the use of Rosenberg's paganistic book, “The Mystery of the Twentieth Century,” as often causing | & violation of the concordat with the Vatican. | Catholic priests who are religious teachers will be tolerated: in the future, under the terms of the order, caly if they change into Nazi propa- gandists. Must Support Nriis. “It must be demanded,” said the decree, “that Catholic priests refrain from expressing a negative attitude toward national socialism, but express their unlimited support of Nazi ideas.” At another point the decree stated: “If the Catholic movements do not fundamentally change their attitude, they will be regarded as political or- ganizations and will be forbidden.” ‘Today, just as suddenly as the Nazi storm troopers were ordered, after Monday’s anti-Jewish riots in the Kurfuerstendamm, to wear their uni- forms, local storm troop command- ers rescinded that order. “Storm troop, men,” sald the an- nouncement, “you proved fully that you are ready to do your bit. * * * The dark figures of wirepullers are known to you. They will ever find us ready. The storm troops are watch- | end of all| The propaganda ministry interpret- ed the rescinding order as positive proof that normal conditions had been re-established and that no recurrence of anti-Jewish riots need be feared. Nevertheless, anti-Semitic propa- ganda continued and automobiles of officials of the labor recreation organ- ization known as “Power Through (See NAZI, Page 4. way have been asked to co-operate carrying ) Means Associated Press. Yesterday’s Circalation, 121,727 Some Returns Not Yet Recetved. TWO CENTS. DESTROYING LOBBY RECORDS S PANED ONAG. £ FCAL Witness Informs Senators U. E. Beach Ordered Papers Thrown Away. TOLD TO CLEAR FILES TO FORESTALL PROBE Spending of Money for Telegrams to Infiuence Legislative Opinion Is Related. By the Associated Press. Testimony that an official of the Associated Gas & Electric Co., soon after the lobby investigation was or- dered, instructed his subordinates to get rid of all records in connection with tneir campaign against the utili- ties bill was received today by the Senate Lobby Committee. E. W. O'Brien, Erie, Pa., Associated official, said he had been directed by .| U. E. Beach, manager of the securi- ties department of Associated at Ithaca, N. Y. to dispose of his rec- ords. He said he placed them in a waste basket. Immediately, O'Brien added. he told all his branch offices to get rid of their records. . “Did Beach say to you that the company was going to destroy every record it had everywhere in the United | States in connection with the Wheeler | bill?”" asked Chairman Black. 1 don’t remember,” was the reply. Explains Reasen. O'Brien said Beach told him “we had no longer use of our legislative records—that we were through with utility legislation work.” R. P. Herron, Warren, Pa. bond salesman, who sent several hundred telegrams opposing the legislation to members of Congress, sald he had “burned” his records sfter O'Brien had told him there was to be an in- vestigation and he should clear out his files. O’'Brien said the original campaign against the Wheeler-Rayburn dissolu- tion bill was arranged at a conference of his company’s security managers from 26 States at Ithaca. In March, he said, the managers were ordered by telephone to pay for the telegram drive in cash. “Why not by check?” asked Senatar Schwellenbach, Democrat, of Wash- youth -organizations, he | ington. “We were going around in a more or less quiet way,” O'Brien said. He later said he didn't want any record of the checks. “Didn’t they want to conceal from Senators and Representatives the fact that these messages were not bona fide?” The witness sparred with his ques- tioner, but finally said that “might have been” the motive. Recess Taken. The hearing recessed until 10 am. tomorrow after T. B. Kingsbury, | Washington manager of the Western Union, said a complete check showed 97.265 utility bill telegrams, costing $58,359, had been received by Repre- sentatives during the week preceding the House vote on the utilities bill. In addition, he said 30,000, costing around $18,000, had been reecived for Senators the eight days previous. Switching to telegrams against the holding company bill, Chairman Black developed from O'Brien that $4,800 had been spent by the A. G. E. for messages, the money for them being paid by his personal checks. He said $5,100 had been paid to him from the Ithaca office for the drive against the bill, and he had $300 left. Herron said he had sent more than 1,000 telegrams from Warren to mem- bers of Congress and “took it for granted” that persons whose names he had'obtained from the telephone directory had authorized their use as signatures before the messages had been sent. He explained Iat Western Union was to obtain the aut rizatipns. Type of Records Destroyed. Herron, employed by the Utilities Investment Corp., A. G. E. agents, said the records destroyed were “un- signed telegrams, coples of news items and editorials, not of an incriminating nature.” . __Testimony had been received earlier (See LOBBY, Page 3.) —— FARLEY SEES PRESIDENT BEFORE LEAVING ON TRIP Departs on Vacation Journey to Hawaii—Goes to Coast Via National Parks. By the Associated Press. Bostmaster General Farley, the Democratic national chairman, left here today on a vacation trip to Ha- wali after a last-minute talk with President Roosevelt. Farley called at the White House to go over recommendations for sev- eral important posts in the Federal Government before taking leave. He is going to the West Coast by by | way of National Parks and emphasized Ing | that his trip was a vacation one—the last in prospect before the forthcom- ing national campaign. Readers’ Guide | Page. veres.B-18 i§§§<gie §ii &