Evening Star Newspaper, May 18, 1935, Page 8

A—8 THE EVENING STAR With Sunday Morning Edition. WASHINGTON, D. C. SATURDAY......May 18, 1935 YHEODORE W. NOYES...Editor The Evening Star Newspaper Company ‘Business Office: 11th St and Pennsylvania Ave New York Office: 110 East 42nd 8t icago Office: Lake Michigan Bullding. opean Office; 14 Regent 8t. London. England. Rate by Carrier Within the City. Regular Edition. d e Evening Star_. ..._...45cper mont Sunday Star Cxhen” 4" Sunds; ‘.’!‘d" i 000 per month T hen o 85c per montn The Sunday Star .6 per copy Night Final Edition. d Sunday Star 70¢ per month RIght iaiBlar. 727 527 58 Der montn Collection ma at the end of each onth. _ Orders be sent by mail or Telebnone National 5000 Rate by Mail—Payable in Advance. Maryland and Virginia. Bally and Sunday .1 r. $10.00: 1 mo.. Ak il ly 1z on Tl $6,00 1 mo’. Alc Bunday “oniy 1y $4700: 1 mo. 40c All Other States and Canada. i1y and Sunday 1 yr., $12.00; 1 mo.. $1.00 &,}i‘{,‘m,““ 7.3 5 PsRiant 1 mo: © he Sunday only.. . !1yr. $500:1mo. 60 Member of the Associated Press. ‘The Associated Press is exclusively en- titled to the use for republication of all news dispatcles credited to it or not other. e paper an Tocul fiews published neremn. "All Fishts of Dublication of special dispatches herein are also reserved. — More German Navy. ‘There seems literally to be no limit to Germany's plans defiantly to re- arm itself on land, on sea and in the air, in violation of its obligations un- der the treaty of Versailles. Close upon the heels of the recent an- nouncement that the Reich has under | construction a fleet of 250 submarines, & class of naval craft specifically for- bidden to the Germans by the terms of peace, comes the revelation that the Nazis have secretly constructed 450 tiny, but swift and deadly, torpedo boats as revolutionary in type as the Germans’ celebrated 10,000-ton “vest- pocket” battleships. The midget ships, capable of speeding through the water | ection is distinctly illogical. For the oOccasion for their introduction 15 tion of every person who values such fARlouxiihe probably would rather be St sixty) kricka) manned by feelne | past several years Congress has been | Passed. For instance, some years ago 3 , : d: i and carrying four torpedoes, are de- UnWilling to appropriate all the rev- | On¢ o l:w.;e:)d srand ::ds o; gnh scribed by foreign naval experts at|enue produced by taxation of gaso- |Bressional business got through bot Berlin as giving the sea powers of the world as much food for thought as| from the tax have been allowed to | S{ter enactment was found to place on Hitler'’s recently disclosed submarine plans. The advantages claimed for the new German ‘“water bugs” are that their cost is trifling, their operation economical, their crew so small that |should the tax rate be boosted now | PAPer possible loss of life aboard them would be negligible, and that they can change direction so fast that they | would be extremely hard to hit. With any kind of luck, it is claimed, the four torpedoes carried by the “vest- pocket” speed-boats could do terrific damage to enemy ships and would in any case constitute a pestiferous de- fensive problem for an attacking or blockading fleet. American naval authorities say that the little ships can operate only in very calm seas and that other navies which have experimented with similar vessels have found them impracticable. Having observed that disclosure of Germany's submarine program evoked nothing more than astonishment and resentment abroad, even in Great Britain, which is chiefly interested in preventing recrudescence of German sea power, especially submarines, Hitler apparently figures that he can proceed without restraint to re-create the German navy. If he is allowed to build a fleet limited only by the Reich’s capacity to finance and man it, the certain effect will be the re- sumption of world-wide naval com- petition, ultimately affecting coun- tries as remote from the North Sea as the United States and Japan. The Germans are said to justify their latest naval plans on the ground that the Baltic countries “have at least fifty submarines.” But nations fike Great Britain, France and Italy are bound to envision future German operations at sea in other European waters than the Baltic and will pro- ceed to develop their own fleets in the light of this newest Nazi arma- ment threat. The eventual result will be an upsetting of the present balance of international sea power as fixed by treaty, with revision upward as the universal and inescapable aftermath. —_— A barn theater in Montgomery County proposes to do some old- fashioned thrillers. It need go no farther than the county court house in looking for & plot. —— e Great Gems. A big diamond is a great treasure, but it may be a white elephant on the hands of the owner. Such a diamond is the so-called Jonkers stone, rated 8s at present the largest uncut stone in the world. It weighs 726 carats, being about the size of a hen's egg. It was found in South Africa sixteen months ago by a native digger for Jacobus Jonkers, an elderly Boer prospector who had worked the field for eighteen years without appreciable success. He sold the stone to a cor- poration for £75,000. Now, after an unsuccessful effort to have it pur- chased by popular subscription as & silver jubilee present to the King and Queen of England, it has been bought at a price “in excess of $700,000,” by an American diamond merchant, who offers it for sale in this country, and declares that if it cannot be sold as s single stone it will be cut into several smaller ones and marketed. It will be remembered that the greatest stone ever found, known as the Cullinan, which weighed 3,106 metric carats in its original form, or sbout 2,903 carats of the former standard, could not be cut as a single gem and was divided into nine large stones and several brilliants, the greatest of the former being 516.5 old- measure carats. If the Jonkers stone can be cut singly it may outweigh that remarkable product of the lapidary’s art, known as the “Star of India.” These great gems are virtually “museum pieces,” veritable crown Jewels, wholly unsuitable for personal adornment. Possession of one of them entails a heavy responsibility, for although they are highly coveted they become to an individual owner ® virtual liability. It is likely, there- fore, that the Jonkers will not remain in its present state, a giant gem, but will be reduced to fragments of great beauty, but even collectively of far less theoretical value than the single stone as it was taken from the ground. The finding of a giant stone is al- ways the dream of every diamond digger, and many a large fortune has been made by a lucky seeker. Yet the moment such a stone has been unearthed it becomes a heavy re- sponsibility. The market for a gem of this character is limited. Only a government or a corporation of im- mense resources can afford to buy it. | In the olden times of the fabuiously rich Indian princes the competition for these tremendous crystals was such as to assure a purchaser. From | that 1and came most of the notable stones, which are now rated as among the most valuable in the world. Wars have been started for their posses- sion. Countless lives have been | sacrificed in their seeking and their defense. No known limit has been placed | by nature upon the formation of | these products of heat and pressure | within the crust of the earth. In recent years the record has been from time to time reached and passed, | but it may be that in ancient times, when great stones were found and applied to royal uses, no comparat:ve measurements were made and greater stones even than those brought to | light in late years were found and divided into comparatively small por- tions. Yet the development of dia- mond mining, with modern ma- | chinery, has penetrated to greater depths than were ever known before, | and here are found from time to time the successive “greatest” stones, with |a steady advance in the scale of discovery. . Illogical and Unjustifiable. There is no logical reason for any increase in the District gasoline tax | at this time. Any move in that di- line at the present rate. Revenues | accumulate as unexpended balances |in the Treasury, earmarked for street |and highway improvement by the | terms of the law, and therefore usable for nothing else. Why in the world | for the purpose of adding to the size | of these unexpended balances? Statistically, the local gasoline tax may be shown by comparison with the taxes in some of the States not to be | excessive, ' Actually, it is excessive. | For any tax that is levied in excess | | of the existing demands is an exces- | sive tax. Congress, having the exclu- sive right to judge the demands, has found that the demand for spending all the money raised through the gas tax does not exist. It would be the height of folly, under such condi- tions, to saddle a tax boost of a mil- |lion dollars or so on automobile | owners. | Discussion at the District Building of a boost in the local gas tax sug- | gests—for no other reason presents | itself—pressure from sources in Mary- |land and Virginia that have sought to raise the rate here to equalize it | with rates in those self-determining | States. The oil companies absorb the | difference in the tax now, enabling dealers within a specified area to sell gasoline “at D. C. prices.” The companies and the dealers have made no bones about their de- sire that unrepresented taxpayers in the District pay the differ- | ence in tax to relieve them of some |of the expenses incidental to keen competition in a crowded field. But, fortunately for the District, the bald unfairness of such a proposal has condemned it from the start. Most of the recent proposals for gasoline tax increase have been coupled with the compensatory fea- | ture of eliminating the personal prop- |erty tax on automobiles. Have the tax tamperers abandoned that plan? | Are they anxious only that taxes shall be heavier and heavier, in keeping with the tradition of gasoline and other taxation? ————————— As a former Secretary of the Treas- ury, Mr. Mellon may be able to devise a system for using oil paintings as a basis for currency credit. —— e President Roosevelt has a large vocabulary, including some words he has never before used in public. —— e Parking. As a measure of street clearance, to permit the greatest possible flow of traffic, the Commissioners have decreed that motor cars which are parked in definitely prohibited spaces shall be impounded and held until reclaimed by their owners with the payment of a fine. This new rule, just proclaimed, will go into effect in ten days after the necessary publica- tion as a police regulation. The spaces thus specified are: Between safety zones or loading platforms and curbs, entrances to alleys, roadways or gar- ages, on the public highways during prohibited hours, between eight and nine-thirty in the morning and four and six in the afternoon, and those areas which are marked “No Park- ing at Any Time.” These prohibitions are reasonable and in the interest of public safety. Yet they are persistently disregarded. The placing of tickets on windshields, in notice of summons to court to pay fines for violation of rules, has not been effective. The impounding method is therefore to be applied, and it may be that this more drastic meas- ure will result in ultimately giving effect to the rules. A motor owner who parks in a prohibited space and has to go to court and pay his fine before he can retrieve his car is likely to be more careful thereafter as to where he leaves his machine. A car parked between a loading plat- form or a safety zone and the curb is a menace to traffic and to those who are seeking to enter or leave a street car, especially on a narrow street. Many accidents have resulted from this cause of congestion. Simi- | THE EVENING larly, & car parked in front of a drive- ‘way or alley is an intolerable nuisance, This new regulation will not of itself solve the parking problem, which is admittedly a difficult one in Wash- ington. It will indeed to some extent add to the congestion in spaces where parking is permitted. It may lead ultimately to a definite undertaking to solve this problem, which is steadily becoming more complicated with the increase in the number of vehicles and the necessary establishment of prohibited zones. — c————— A Legislative Lapse. When the other day it was an- nounced that a bill passed by both Houses of Congress had been lost somewhere in the administrative melange there was considerable chortling on Capitol Hill. But now it develops that Congress itself is somewhat negligent of its legislative material and a rather embarrassing situation results. In 1927 Belgium invited the United States to send an | exhibit to an international exposi- | tion to be held at Brussels in 1935, | A bill was introduced making provi- | sions for acceptance of this invitation, was pigeonholed and forgotten. It seems to have been reintroduced in successive Congresses with the same lack of result. The other day some- body found it and, noting the date of the exposition, stepped on the gas | of the legislative machine and it was finally brought to the point of action. Just as a committee was about to {send it to the House of Representa- tives for adoption, to be followed by | concurrent action in the Senate, the fact was noted that the exposition at | Brussels had been opened two months | previously. So the measure goes into the limbo of literally unfinished busi- | ness and the United States has no show in Belgium. At every session numbers of these belated propositions turn up and sometimes they are ac- | tually put through the mill after the | | Houses, a private pension bill, which the pension rolls 8 man who had died | | ten years before, leaving no heirs. It | | would not be a bad plan to institute a | | thorough housecleaning after each | | session and purge the files of all waste —_— e The stock market is doing its part | | in showing that there are still reliable | values and money enough for invest- ment in them. ———————— Intensive suggestions go so far as| jto intimate that some of the drafted | | industrial experts might not be paid | | even as much as a dollar a year. ————— | There are scientific waves as well| |as crime waves. Never before have| | surgeons reported so many cases of misplaced stomachs, which, however, have not become as numerous as dis- appointed appetites. ———————_ The old-fashioned initials for “take | notice” are used, although at present |the White House employs “N. B.” to | stand for “No Bonus.” ———— “Riders” have been conspicuous in | legislation. The presidential veto faces | threats of an “over-rider.” BY PHILANDER JOHNSON. ‘The Magnificent Silence. A radio program was duly proclaimed Where Wisdom would show us the way. The greatest of mathematicians was named— But Einstein had nothing to say. Now Thomas and Richard and Henry recite, For learned professors are they, And their names we must mention in accents polte— But Einstein had nothing to say. A vast erudition a man may disclose, With silence complete holding sway, Though we're certain he really knows what he knows— And Einstein had nothing to say. Time to Discriminate. “Do you think we ought to be liberal-minded and give every new financial idea a trial?” “No,” answered Senator Sorghum. “We've got to discriminate a little. I am firmly opposed to this send-a- dime chain letter theory.” Jud Tunkins says “crime does not pay” is right. Anyhow, it does not pay its income taxes. Disconcerting. Important indeed are the forms of our speech And a vast disappointment we know In the things we are striving to learn or to teach ‘When a “yes man” forgets and says “no Delegated Authority. “Do you claim the right to do what you like with your own money?” “No,” answered Mr. Dustin Stax. “My lawyer takes charge and does what he likes.” Crucial Question. A plan is set forth some great problem to solve, ‘We wonder just how it will work. But obstacles grow as this plan we evolve, There’s a strong disposition to shirk. The greatest of questions with which ‘we contend Relating to gain or to loss Is reduced to no more than just this, in the end; Are you able to put it across? “Every time dey arrests a big gambler,” said Uncle Eben, “de tax- payer has to lose money whether he was sittin’ in de game or not.” — e Still Good. From the Toledo Blade. Comes & chemist to declare that spinach is overrated. As an edible, perhaps, but still good for an occa~ Wisecracks slonal ~ STAR, WASHINGTO THIS AND THAT BY CHARLES E. TRACEWELL. What! No Guppies in New Zea~- land? This is the word brought to Wash- ington by a resident of that coun- try, who saw the world’s most popular aquarium fish in the home of a local fancier for the first time in his life the other night. Those interested in these small animals will feel sorry for the New Zealanders. ‘Those not interested will congratu- late them. In the meantime the Gupples will go right ahead swimming in streams and tanks, ridding the former of mosquitoes and making the best of their restricted life in their glass homes. There is no gainsaying that the Antipodes have an awakening com- ing to them in regard to Gupplies, widely mispronounced as goobles and gooples. ‘These little creatures probably are there already, although the visitor was unaware of it. As catchers of noxious larvae they are unexcelled, consuming vast quantities. They are small, but mighty in many ways. * % ¥ % ‘They have been placed all over the world, mostly for purposes of mosquito control. ‘Wherever they have gone, they have prospered. This fact remains true, a bowl of water. It is this, indeed which makes them the fish they are, For it is not commonly kept in mind that no fish has any place in a home after all. If we keep them there at best it is humanity’s fault not theirs. ¥ A Every one should be interested in the Guppy, if no more than because it is one of the world's best examples of adaptibility to environment. Not even man, who makes the best |of the tropics and the Arctic Circle, | can do a better job of adaptation than | | this fishlet from Honduras. Therefore it should win the admira- even for a quality in a living creature. ‘The Guppy should hold the admira- tion of every one who believes in suc- cess. There is scarcely a more suc- | cessful creature in the world, every-| thing taken into consideration. * k¥ % ‘The widest distribution of this fish, | of course, is in the home aquarium the | world over. | It is kept in America, England, | Sweden, Germany, France, to name but a few nations whose peoples value the Guppy. It is used in the study of genetics, owing to the many generations in a | comparatively short time. In direct competition with larger | and more showy animals for the ad- | miration of fish fancier, the Guppy | manages to keep its place year after | year. This is all the more astonishing, | since it must face that greatest handi- | cap. a certain amount of scorn, owing to its numbers. Anything which becomes common, through numbers, runs the risk of of- | fending a certain number of persons who profess liking only for the rare. This is true in books, flowers, jewels, | automobiles, or whatnot. Certainly it is so of the Guppy. One | | to be so kept, as far back as 1868, | groups, notably the Bettas and the D. C, SATURDAY, 3 many of the oldest hobbyists, who have had hundreds of varieties, still keep a place of affection for this tiny * k% % Perhaps it is no wonder, then, that many citizens, not versed in the lure of small fishes in tanks, honestly cannot “see” what any one can see in Guppies. They are quite frank in their lack of enthusiasm for the Gups. How may they be converted? As far as the Guppies are con- cerned, there is no need for their conversion at all. If they had any say in the matter, they would leave the tanks overnight and go back to their original homes. So much is probably true of all aquarium fish. They are in captivity, whether the owner admits as much or not. Yet no one would advocate giving up fish keeping, any more than one would assert that zoos should be done away with. What is necessary is a better selec- tion of fishes to keep. Consider the Paradise fish, from the rice fields of China. This is an animal that never should have been put in a tank, since there it is no pleasure either to its so- called owner or to itself. It was the first of the “tropicals” but that is no reason why it con- tinues to be sold. Yet it is, each owner in turn find- ing out that it is troublesome to keep, and a vastly unhappy creature in an aquarium. When it first came Into fame, it | was the only “bubble nest” builder, but today there are several other Gouramis, which display this habit in the aquarium, and which are | much more satisfactory pets. * Kok * ‘The Guppy is a favorite, perhaps the favorite, simply because every one ‘who knows anything about fishkeep- ing realizes, although he may never have stopped to think of the matter, that it is really at home in a tank. in Central American pools, if he had any say-so, he makes the best of any place he finds himself, determined on getting the most out of his life. He is aided by the fact that in most cases he knows nothing other than a tank, having been born and bred in | one. He is worth knowing, by quite any- | body, largely because he is so well | contented. | Discontent is one of the reigning vices of the world today. Almost every one is discontented. Contemplation of the Guppy, how- MAY 18, 1935. THE LIBRARY TABLE BY SARAH G. BOWERMAN. Editor’s note: These reviews of new books were written by Mrs. Bowerman before the acci- dent which resulted in her death May 1. THE REPORTER AND THE NEWS. By Philip W. Porter and Norval Neil Luxon. New York: D. Apple- ton-Century Co. Newspaper reporting is an art, not just something to be picked up casual- ly by any one who can read and write and has a pleasant manner. This book, by the day city editor of the Cleveland Plain Desler and the assistant professor of journalism in the Ohio State University, is intended as a text book in courses in journal- ism, but will be helpful to many a young reporter and interesting to all readers of newspapers. The authors suggest that there are many things| the reporter needs to know before he | is competent to start off on the trail of news. They know, because they have been through it all themselves. Background information is important, as it is in everything from plumbing to college professorships. “A reporter whose knowledge is narrowly limited is a poor reporter.” The best way to develop background is by reading, and the authors give a list of helpful read- ings for this purpose. Another way is by research through clipping files of libraries and by keeping a personal clipping file. Other subjects discussed fully and in lively style are getting the news, writing the news, the police beat, general assignments, miscellane- ous beats, governmental offices, news photography, the courts, features, in- terviews, politics, out-of-town corre- spondence, sports, libel and publicity and press agents. * ok ok ok THE CASE FOR MANCHOUKUO. By George Bronson Rea. New York: D. Appleton-Century Co. ‘The claims of Manchoukuo to the recognition denied it by the nations of the world are presented by the | counselor to the ministry of foreign affairs of the government of Man- chukuo It is not to be expected that both or all sides of the question will be thoroughly scrutinized, with absolute impartiality, but most dis- cussions of the Far Eastern question, ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS BY FREDERIC ]. HASKIN. A reader can get the answer to any question of fact by writing The Evening Star Information Bureau, Frederic J, Haskin, Direc- tor, Washington, D. C. Please inclose stamp for reply. Q. Why did Omaha's owner choose that name for the horse?—H. G. A. Omaha comes from the Ormond line d his owner, Mr. William ‘Woodward, chose the name because it began with O. Q. How many prints are made of & motion picture?—M. P. P. A. It depends upon the anticipated demand. Distributors order in ac- cordance with the bookings which they have and the cnes they think it probable they will get. The num- ber of prints made varies between 50 and 250. Q. What does the title mahatma mean?—C. T. A. It means leader or teacher, Q. How many aids to ship naviga- tion are maintained by the United States Lighthouse Service?—L. McC. A. Today it maintains over 23,000 aids to marine navigation. The great- er number of these are lighthouses and buoys. There are, however, over 100 radio beacons, 35 lightship sta- tions and 1,500 fog signals. Q. How long has cremation of the dead been practiced>—C P. G. A. Cremation of the dead was a general practice of the ancient world with some exceptions. During the middle ages, cremation was discour- aged and in its modern form dates from the latter part of the nineteenth century. Q. What early publisher’s name is synonymous with the phrase “free- dom of the press"?—K. F. A. John Peter Zenger (1680-1746), an American publisher, born in Ger- many, came to New York about 1700. In 1733 he began the publication of | the New York Weekly Journal. In| 1734, because of his virulent criti- | cisms of the Government, he was ar- | rested and imprisoned. At his trial | the authorities used every means in their power to secure his conviction. | The verdict of not guilty created much enthusiasm and was regarded as a triumphant vindication of the Hitler's Germany, Soviet Russia, | Mussolini’s Italy, the British policy | in India, and the New Deal need an extra weight placed in one side of | the scale to balance the author’s bias. | Mr. Rea is convinced of the justice of the Japanese viewpoint and to| support it draws on international law | and history. Some of his arguments for Japanese “protection” of Man- choukuo are the chaotic condition of | China, the menace of Communist ever, helps. Then even the most discontented | person realizes that to make the bcst’ of things is not “hocum,” or “the | bunk,” or just a tiresome old !lble‘ foisted off on us by those bent on | keeping us in slavery, or one sort or‘ another, but rather a good attitude toward the plain evils of life. The point is that what strikes one person as an evil may not be so to another at all. Hence, part of the dislike and rancor is solely in the mind. Even if | this part alone can be wiped out, and | some measure of content substituted, one is far better off than before. Little though he js, and just a fish, the Guppy swims perpetual and will even hear some fish fancier dis- claim, “Oh, I can't understand what | any one can see in the Guppy,” when | all the time he knows quite well why | STARS, MEN Notebook of Science Progress in Field, Laboratory BY THOMAS There is a strange sort of death-in- life in which one exists devoid of emo- tions. It was one of the rarer forms of mental abnormality reported at the recent meeting Psychiatric Association in Washington. ‘There were reports on three cases by Dr. Hiram K. Johnson of the Kings Park State Hospital, New York. The victim of this weird condition is completely conscious and may go about the daily routine of activities the same as ever. There are no hal- lucinations and no disturbance of orientation with the world. But there is no feeling about anything. There is a complete incapability for joy, love, sorrow, dispair, anger or any other sort of emotion. The condition comes about suddenly and may disappear Just as suddenly. The picture of such & person, as given by Dr. Johnson, superficially is quite similar to that of a victim of profound depression, such as is en- countered by alienists in various psychoses such as the manic-depres- sive or the victim of involution mel- ancholia. The patient may sit for hours without speaking and with head bowed. Under the surface, however, the two conditions are very different. The subject of depression is afflicted with painful emotions such as exaggerated regret for the mistakes of the past, fear of eternal punishment for imag- ined sins, or complete despair of the future. These states are exaggera- tions of conditions common to every- body. They represent the nth degree of “the blues.” The other type ap- pears depressed because nothing in- terests the victim, either pleasantly or painfully. There is no “emotional tone” of any sort. Such a person in a mental hospital envies even the violently insane seen about him. It is better to feel pain than to feel nothing. A victim may refer to himself as “dead-alive.” “If I could only go crazy," is a frequent wish expressed to the doctors. The condition was summed up as “the feeling that there are no more feelings. The patients complain that they feel desolate, empty and dead. They cannot experience any more joy or pain or any more love for those near them.” Said one woman: “In everything, even the most tender caresses of my children, I find only bitterness. I cover them with kisses but there is |, something between their lips and mine. ’I%:h horrid something is be- tween me and all the enjoyments of . mPll’l—doxh:llly eneugh, such patients say that they “suffer terribly” through the intellectual realization that they are so isolated from the rest of the world. A hell of ever- lasting fire, they feel, would be better than a hell where the condemned would be denied any feelings at all. Something has dropped out of their psychic constitution which is common to the rest of humanity—sane and insane. ‘They constitute a class apart—living in the world but with- out feeling associations with it. * ok k x Dr. Johnson sought in vain for any explanation of the “death-in-life” phenomenon in the older psychol- ogies. He found one, however, in the new Gastalt psychology, which looks upon sensations as wholes, the com- of the American | Dot be the result alone of the colors | wholesome lesson every day. If any one says he has never seen this lesson in a Guppy, let him look longer, until he does see it. AND ATOMS and Study. R. HENRY. pleasant or unpleasant, would be a | highly complex association of pleas- ant and past experiences. For ex- ample, the emotional sensations aroused by a beautiful display of | flowers on a balmy May day would and odors of those flowers but of | these qualities plus past associations. | | It requires more than beauty to| arouse the sense of joy in beauty. The beauty alone would arouse no | emotional response, for example, in an individual suddenly appearing in the world with adult faculties but | no past. Essential to & mood, Dr. Johnson pointed out, are its “fringes,” the borders where the sensation of the immediate experience impinges on past experiences. The feelings aroused by the Spring flowers might be, for example, the immediate visual and odor sensations plus grandmother’s garden in Springtime, plus a walk with a girl on a May evening, plus the flowers at the funeral of a friend, plus a thousand other exper- lences. All these experiences of the past would not be realized consciously but they would enter into the result, with the consequence that one might have a strange bitter-sweet sensation. In one sense, the emotion might be compared to the concentric circle set up by a pebble dropped in water. The farther away from the center the feebles and feebler these grow until they disappear altogether. The im- mediate sensory impression iz like such a pebble dropped in the waters of memory, of total life experience. It is the “fringes” that provide the feeling. Now normally, as one grows older, these fringes associating the present with the distant past fade away al- together. There is a very pronounced {ringe between the experiences of this Spring and last Spring. There is a much weaker fringe associating them with the Spring of 1920. The asso- ciation with the Spring of 1910 is much weaker still. Finally, the asso- ciation with the first two or three years of life may be very weak, indeed, or even non-existent. That is one of the reasons advanced for the almost com- plete forgetfulness of the events of early infancy. As the years have passed one fringe after the other has weakened or dropped out altogether, and consequently the feeling asso- ciated with sensations arising from ex- perience has changed. But the process has been so slow that it has been imperceptible. In these cases, for some unknown reason, all the “fringes” have been blotted out at once, or submerged in some way so that they have no effect. The individual can make no feeling associations and consequently can have no emotions. One is lost in the present. A Relic. From the Bolse (Idaho) Statesman. The hardy pioneer who trudged five miles to & mill with corn, left a grandchild who accidentally brought home a loaf of unsliced bread the other night. « Philippine Independence. Prom the Cincinnati Times-Star. The trouble with Philippine inde- pendence is that so many dGifferent ponents of which are Under this kinds of it dif- anl;o-m 30 many Al | | states, with responsibilities, recognig- Russia, riyalries in Europe, Japan's| economic situation, and the best in- | terest of the United States. He out- | lines a policy which, if followed by | the United States, would, be believes, avert war and settle the problems of the Pacific. It includes dissolution of the four-power financial consortium, | an ultimatum to Chinese war lords from all the great powers, giving them six months to settle their differences | and establish a centralized govern- ment; if they fail to do this, splitting | the Chinese tribes into independent | ing Manchoukuo, stopping competition | in navy building, recognizing that “the natural path of American commerce | to the ports of the Asiatic mainland | | passes through the heart of Japan; | establishing a guarantee that Japan will never be attacked from the sea, | in exchange for a guarantee of the | freedom of world commerce in the | Orient. Some of these recommenda- tions sound like conversation at the Mad Hatter's tea party, especially the | six months’ ultimatum to China, but the last one would seem to a layman very sensfble. *E e SOVIET JOURNEY. By Louis Fischer. New York: Harrison Smith & Robert Ha: Because Russia is now changing so rapidly, books and articles about it are out of date almost as soon as they are printed. Louis Fischer writes of his own recent journey there and says | that his only aim is to make Russia concrete (there has been so much theorizing about it), to Make the reader “see, hear, feel and smell Rus- sia.” He continues: “I want him to travel with me on trains and boats, go with me into homes and factories, probe with me the private thoughts and private life of various kinds of | Soviet citizens.” That final probing would seem incapable of producing full and sincere results, if we are to judge by the reports of many who have had contacts with the G. P. U. In fact, Mr. Fischer does not make many revelations in connection with private thoughts and lives. He does write informatively of the fortunes of the old and the young under the Soviet government, aristocrats at work, propaganda and privilege, ma- chines and men, health, labor and rest, children, women and politics and culture, liberty so-called, “mailed fist in kid glove,” and everyday life in the cities and country. He finds the Russian people both bad and good material for a revolution to work with; bad “when culture, technique, skill and a high-minded relationship be- tween individuals are demanded”; good “when the situation requires it to live on a shoestring . . . requires it to lay sacrifices of comfort and free- dom on the altar of hope.” * k% ¥ ARGENTINA, BRAZIL AND CHILE SINCE INDEPENDENCE. Argen- tina by J. Fred Rippy. Brazil by Percy Alvin Martin. Chile by Isaac Joslin Cox. Edited by A. Curtis Wilgus. Washington, D. C.: 'll>r'he George Washington University 'ess, This is volume 3 of the “George Washington University Studies in His- panic American Affairs,” all edited by Dr. ‘Wilgus, who is director of the Center of Inter-American Studies. He writes the chapter in the introduc- tion to this volume on “Colonial Antecedents of the A. B. C. Coun- tries,” and another preliminary chap- ter, on “The Political Heritage of Spanish America,” is by N. Andrew N. Cleven of the University of Pittsburgh. Although the so-called A. B. C. countries are unified neither geographically nor politically, the resemblance of some of their problems in such that they may be studied together. Dr. Wilgus says: “Argentina and Brazil are federal re- publics while Chile has a unitary re- publican government. Their political history in the modern period has differed widely, each having passed along different paths which are marked by certain definite and in- dividualistic characteristics.” Argen- tina and Chile began independence as republics, but Brazil was first & mon- archy. In the nineteenth century Brazil had a slavery and secession problem similar to our own. Argen- tine political history has been marked by sectionalism, hostilities between Buenos Aires and the interior prov- inces. Chile has experienced anarchy and civil war. Both Argentina and Chile have had Indian problems simi- lar to ours, “in which the natives had first to be subdued and then reduced freedom of the press. Q. How long does twilight last? C. L ¥y Twilight ends when the sun is 18 degrees below the horizon. path is perpendicular to the horizon, the earth turns through this zone of twilight in about one and one-fourth hours. In the latitude of the United States the average length of twilight exceeds one and one-half hours, its duration being greatest in Midsummer, when it is more than two hours. Q. Why is common brick red?— R. G. A. Because there is iron in the clay from which it is made. Q. What department decides which boys are to be enrolled in the Civilian Conservation Corps?—C. B. E. A. The Department of Labor is re- sponsible for the selection of all ex- cept war veterans, who are chosen by | the Veterans' Administration. Q. Is & desert cool at night?—E. D. A. It is much cooler than in the daytime. Radiation in desert regions is very high, so the temperature falls when the sun is not shining. Q. Should people send out dime chain letters?—A. J. A. A. The Post Office Department an- nounces that the send-a-dime chain letter scheme which has been sweep- ing the country in recent weeks is & At | the equator, where the sun’s daily | violation of both the postal lottery and fraud statutes. The Post Office Department is of the opinion that the chain letter scheme will die of its own momentum in the near future. Q. Do the Gulf Stream and North Atlantic Drift form part of a whirl- pool in the ocean?—H. M. A. The general circulatory system of the North Atlantic consists of a great whirl or vortex turning clocx- wise. The Gulf Stream and the North Atlantic Drift form the north- western and northern portions of this vortex. Q. Is there & magazine published in the :;wrmt of crippled children? —M. P, A. The Crippled Child is published at Elyria, Ohio. Miss Vivian Hackett is the editor. g. Who is Herr Teufelsdrockh? —D. A, A. He is a character in Carlyle’s “Sartor Resartys.” The name means Mr. Devil's Dirt and he is professor | of things in general in the University I Know Not Where, Q. What is an’order in council? —J. B. | A.It is a royal order issued with | and by the advice of a privy council. Q. Can an American citizen enlist in the Mexican Army?—P. L. A. The' requirements to enter the Mexican Army are the applicant be a Mexican citizen by birth and son of | Mexican parents. People with those | qualifications must apply to the De- partment of War, which is supposed to decide whether or not the qualifi- ‘cnuam are enough in each case. Q. What does reddle mean?—L. T. H. A. Reddle is a variety of ocherous red iron ore, used for marking, es- pecially sheep. To reddle is to mark or stain with red ocher or reddle. Q. Which book was published first “The Man Without a Country” or “Alice in Wonderland?"—D. Y. A. “The Man Without ountry.” It was published in 1863; “Alice in ’Wonderllnd," in 1865. Q. When was whisky first bottled in bond under the supervision of the United States Government?—A. C. F. A. The “bottled in bond" act wa ‘pmd March 3, 1897. Q. When were the first jacks and jennets sent to Gen. George Wash- ington?—L. J. A. The Bureau of Animal Industry says that the earliest mule breeders in the United States were George Wash- |ington of Virginia, Henry Clay of Fayette County, Ky., and Young & Everett of Montgomery County, Ky | Prior to the importations made by | Gen. Washington, a few diminutive | Jacks had been imported from the West Indies, but these were found | undesirable for breeding purposes. In | the year 1787 the King of Spain pr | sented Gen. Washington with & ja. |and a jennet from the royal stud at Madrid. The jack was named the Royal Gift. At about the same time |the Marquis de Lafayette presented Gen. Washington with a Maltese jack Knight of Malta. The Spanish jack was of a gray color, 16 hands high heavily made and of a sluggish dis- | position. The Maltese jack had “the form of a stag and the ferocity of a tiger.” The latter was bred to the Catalonian jennet and the offspring known as Compound became a famous | breeding jack, uniting the Catalonian and Maltese breeds. Both of these importations mentioned reached Mount Vernon in the year 1788. Q. What does La Traviata mean? —M. R. A. It means the castaway. —_— Rail Pension Decision Casts Doubt on So Decision by the United States Su- preme Court that the railroad pension law is unconstitutional is accepted by the press as creating uncertainty as to social security legislation in general under the New Deal. Further court decrees are awaited. and there is interest in the possibility that Congress will be able to frame laws to meet the restrictions laid down by the court. Special attention is given to the fact that Justice Roberts, who wrote the majority opinion, has | been at times aligned with the liberals on the court, and to the vigor with | which Chief Justice Hughes assailed | the conclusions of the majority in | this 5-to-4 decision. ‘While voicing the opinion that “the Supreme Court has saved the railway pension question from its apparent destiny as a political foot ball.” the Chicago Tribune advises that “back- ward lines without a retirement sys- loyalty that is so paramount in the railroads’ fight to regain a measure | of their former proud standing.” The Tribune also states that “to those who are employed by one of the 84 railroads that had established volun- tary pension systems there will be a sentiment of relief.” It is pointed out by the New York Sun that “the Supreme Court holds that the pension plan is an attempt to serve social ends by imposing con- tractual obligations not in themselves essential to safe and economical transportation but desired as an in- strumentality for assuring employes against dependency in old age.” Studying the position of Chief Justice Hughes, who wrote the dis- senting opinion, the Buffalo Evening News observes that he challenges the stand of the majority of the court that the pension legislation deals with matters “which obviously lie out- side the orbit of congressional power.” The Chief Justice stated: “The funda- mental consideration which gupports this type of legislation is that in- dustry should take care of its human wastage, whether that is due to ac- cident or age. That view cannot be dismissed as arbitrary or capricious. It is a reasoned conviction based upon abundant experience. The expression of that experience in law is regulation. ‘When expressed in the government of interstate carriers, with respect to their employes likewise engaged in inter- state commerce, it is a regulation of that commerce.” The Evening News concludes: “The Hughes dictum, though contrary to the ruling as tablished by the majority of the Su- preme Court, expresses a viewpoint which cannot fail to make a definite impress upon the Nation.” “Why should not faithful employes in the railroad service have security in old age?” asks the Portland, Oreg., Journal, while the Rochester Times- Union seys: “The principle that ‘in- dustry shall take care of its human wastage’ and workers receive support in their old age is gaining ground. Ultimately that principle should tri- umph. Indeed, some of the railroads have already edopted voluntary pen- sion systems. If the people of the United States wish contributory old- to an uncertain semi-civilization.” For all three countries subjects discussed ‘é’:‘&“&‘&m l.n:pmdmm an. ice, an- archy, revolutions, economics and 4 trade, education, social reforms and cial Legislation age pensions embodied in law, they | have, in the end, the power so to | decree by constitutional amendment | if necessary.” Condemnation of the law as “crudely drawn” is indorsed by the South Bend (Ind.) Tribune, the Sche- nectady (N. Y.) Gazette and the Grand Rapids (Mich.) Herald. The | Cincinnati Times-Star argues against | the act: “It was sufficient to con- demn the act that it required rail- roads to contribute to the care of pensioners of rival lines. There is no reason why any industry—and every rallroad is one—should take care of any wastage except its own. There is plenty of argument for a system of pensions provided by an industry | for its own retired workers. Con- | 8ress blundered inexcusably when it | tried to go beyond that legitimate and | reasonable endeavor.” | “The decision is interpreted as cer- |tain to raise serious doubts of the | legality of much New Deal legislation | passed and pending,” states the New York Times, while the Charleston (S. |C) Evening Post concludes: *“The fact that it was so close a decision | caused business and financial observ- ers to hesitate to draw conclusions as to the court’s position in other cases involving New Deal legislation.” The Kansas City Star sees it as “a question of the complexion of the court itself,” and the Manchester (N. H.) Union declares: “In any event, 50 close a division on a constitutional question with such far-reaching im- plications does not give the degree of certainty that most people desire.” ‘The Syracuse (N. Y.) Herald com- ments: “It is fraught with grave in- terest and importance in a period when Congress has under considera- | tion legislation programs of excep- | tional magnitude having for their object the social and economic se- curity of workers.” r——— Wise Old Ben. From the Milwaukee Sentinel. Now they are saying Benjamin Franklin believed in lotteries. Wisely, they add that he sold the tickets. —_— The Gimmes. From the Buffalo Evening News. Political note: Hell hath no fury like a woman scorned, except the fel- low whose cry of “Gimme!” is,scorned. —— e A Rhyme at Twil;ght B y Gertrude Brooke Hamilton. May Dance lhyfimw. playtime, twilight in the wn. Mob and megnate leveled as the sun goes down. Grind of State forgotten, Pickax thrown away— The bishop and Jimmy O'Grady Are one in the dusk of May. Playtime, Maytime, little sickle moon. High and low are dancing all in rhythmic tune, Orchids, wine and music; Daffodils over the way— The bishop and Jimmy O'Grady Are one in the dusk of May.