Evening Star Newspaper, March 3, 1935, Page 33

D3 'ALEXANDER GRAHAM BELL WAS WIZARD OF SCIENCE Carpenter Tells of the Meteoric Rise to Fame of Washington’s Father of the Telephone. THE SUNDAY STAR, WASHINGTON, D. €, MARCH. 3, 1935—PART TWO. Who'll Be World Banker? British Lion Again Setting Out to Regain Old Share of World Trade—Money Capital May Change. 'RADICAL 1936 CANDIDATES MENACE NEW DEAL VOTE Observer Believes Strong Convictions to Run High—Democrats Mapping Strategy Against Third Party. This is the forty-fourth of a series of weekly articles on inter- esting persons and events in the National Capital durirg the 80s, | most intellectual men you will find in | public life. They are fond of so- | ciety 8s a young girl on her first ,‘ will come soon enough to bring po- BY MARK SULLIV. Nicariaat £ h | litical safety to him. Some of the OLITICS in the sense of looking | oiper Democratic leaders have begun to the next presidential elec- | tion is so complex that it is | posuible to discuss it only by | considering several different | facets of it, some of them very extraordinary indeed. If by Autumn of next year we should be well on the way back to normal, or even the clear promise of normal, demagogues and radicals will evaporate and become one with the similar spectacular figures that emerged in previous depressions— *“Sockless” Jerry Simpson, “Whiskers” Pefler, Mary Ellen Lease, who thought Kansas should “raise less corn and more hell,” and earnestly followed her own advice; the Gov. Waite of Colo- rado, who was accused, or credited, i ide in blood . “Pitchfork Ben"” Tillman of South Carolina—men who in their day shocked th> con- servatives and agitated the country, | but today live only in the yellowes files of old newspapers. (If descend- | ants of some of those I have named, or a few old friends of theirs still liv- ing, think I do injustice by grouping them with demagogues or with each other, my reply is that there is no space to make the distinctions that fairness calls for.) But if by 10 to 18 months from now ‘we are still as conscious of depression 8s now, in that event the stump- beaters will be formidable, let no one doubt it. Will Invade Convention. The demagogues will come to the next Democratic National Convention, now only 16 months away, holding in | their hands the delegates from States they control certainly, and quite likely whole or partial delegations from other States. Will Upton Sinclair have the delega- tion from California? Senator Burton Wheeler, now going strongly toward | the radical left, will have the dele- | gates from Montana and perhaps some delegates from other North- Western States. In the Democratic convention radi- cals and all the others combined will have little weight. President Roose- | velt and Postmaster General Farley will have carefully handpicked fully three-fourths and perhaps four-fifths of the delegates, and Mr. Roosevelt will be nominated overwhelmingly. Renomination of Mr. Roosevelt by the Democrats is one condition we can tie | to in a political situation which as a whole bubbles like Mount Etna about about to erupt. But in the convention how will | President Roosevelt and Mr. Farley treat the radicals? Will the adminis- tration Democrats throw them out of the convention? The radicals will be | intent on making trouble, and well they know how to. They will intro- duce resolutions and practice other strategy designed to put Mr. Roosevelt and Mr. Farley “on the spot” in the sense of making the administration take positions on resolutions and issues designed to alienate the discontented from Mr. Roosevelt and thereby build Up a case for a third party. “Third Parties” Next Year, ‘That Huey Long will have a third party next year seems convincingly likely, Will there be other “third parties” of the same type? Will Father Coughlin have a party of his own or will he join Huey Long? Can any two such egos be accommodated within one party? Will Senator Bur- ton Wheeler of Montana run for Vice President with Long, as he ran for | Vice President with senior Senator | La Follette in the latter’s third party | in 19242 This matter of “third parties”—the number of them and the aggregate | strength of them—will be important | next year. It may be decisive as be- | tween the Democrats and Republicans. ‘Will Upton Sinclair have a third party? How large a vote will the regular Socialist party have? Will 1936 be the year in which the Social- ist party, after being negligible in| half a score campaigns, never rolling ‘up more than 3 per cent of the vote— will 1936 be the year in which the Socialists at last become important? I doubt that. What will the La Follette brothers do? They are in politics as a career, Jjust as other men are in law or busi- ness or newspaper work. They now have a party of their own. So far, the La Follettes’ Progressive party has functioned only in their own State, Wisconsin. But if the La Follettes’ party is to be a going concern, with | hope for the future, they can hardly afford to let the coming presidential campaign go by without having a candidate in the field, presumably one of the La Follettes. Such a party might get many votes of the type now cafled Progressive Republican in the territory near by Wisconsin. May Join La Follette. And will that Farmer-Labor party. which during some years has been able to elect and re-elect a Senator and Governor in Minnesota—will it spread its wings with a presidential candidate next year? Probably not— probably the Farmer-Labor strength will unite with the La Follettes. All these possible third parties are of one general type. All are radical. All therefore will, speaking broadly, take their votes from the Democrats | and from Mr. Rocsevelt. From the | Republicans they will take practically | none. 1t is difficult to think of any | of the some 14 million Republicans, | who in the congressional elections last November voted Republican, ever turn- | ing to any of the potential third par- | ties I have named. But it would | be quite easy to imagine radical move- | ments taking as many as 5 to 8 million away from the some 17 mil- lion who in last Fall's congressicnal elections voted for the Democrats and the New Deal. If anything like that should happen—and it is more than & possibility—it would be menacing to Mr, Roosevelt and the Democrats. Radical third-party defections might readily be enough to let the Repub- licans slip in between Mr. Roosevelt leading a middle-of-the-road Demo- Quc party and the radicals on the t. | A Democratic Strategy. ‘Those close to President Roosevelt, and President Roosevelt himself think, know well the likelihood of | having a third party next year, and | perhaps other leaders with other third | parties. They know how tormndnble; the third-party movement may be. | They know the third party will take substantiaily all its votes from the Democrats, and they know how great the defection may be. | All this is on the assumption that hard times are still with us next year. Every possible menace to Mr. Roose- velt and the Democrats is dependent | on hard times continuing. If we are well back on the track to normal by election day next year, Mr. Roosevelt . will be President again infallibly. Mr. ‘Roosevelt personally, invincible opti- mist, almost reckiess tha «he s, seems to hope that better timeg to doubt whether business improve- ment will come soon enough. They are beginning to make tentative moves toward a strategy which does not assume the best. Democratic leaders know the men- ace to them of possible third parties next year, For overcoming it, they! are giving serious consideration to an extraordinary notion. They think they can cause many Republicans and con- servatives, now bitterly hostile to Pres- ident Roosevelt's policies, nevertheless to vote for Mr. Roosevelt next year— as the best defense against radical movements generally. I have heard a Democrat of very high standing and power seriously propose that there should be next year a repetition of that “era of good feeling” which once tided over another American political crisis. By an “era of good feeling” they mean all the conservatives and all the middle-of-the-road persons uniting behind Mr. Roosevelt for de- fense against the radicals. And I have heard one of the shrewdest and most experienced observers in America, himself a man of no party, tell one of the most conservative leaders of American thought that he, the con- servative, would next year support Mr, Roosevelt as the “better 'ole” for de- fense against something much more terrifying to conservatives than Mr. Roosevelt is. Doubt Rises. ‘That I doubt, utterly. Mr. Roose- velt would have to be extremely and congistently conservative for the next year and a half to allay the strong distrust that conservatives now fecl! toward him. I doubt if it is possible for Mr. Roosevelt to do it. It is as certain as the coming of election day itself that the Republicans will have a candidate of their own and that he will be a conservative who can com- mand all and more than those 14,- 000,000 votes that the Republicans cast in last November's congressional elections. Yet upon careful examination there is just this much possibility of a situ- ation in which some very scared con- servatives might vote for Mr. Roose- velt near year. From their own point of view they would be foolish to do 50, yet they might. Let us construct the hypothetical set-up that might cause some panicky conservatives to support Mr. Roose- velt next year: Suppose there are three candidates—a regular Repub- lican, Mr. Roosevelt on the Democratic ticket, of course, and & radical with a third party. Suppose the radical should be very formidable. At first, the Republicans and conservatives would welcome this, thinking, cor- rectly, that it would point toward Re- publican success. But presently would arise a novel state of mind, caused by a curious condition—we experieaced it in 1924 when La Follette was run- ning as a third candidate. Fear House Decision. Everybody next year would know that a radical could not win a ma- Jority of the electoral vote, nor any- thing near it. But there would arise an apprehension that any radical’s strength might be enough to cause the presidential election, as the phrase is, to be “thrown into the House.” Under the Constitution, unless one candi- date gets a majority of the electoral vote, the choice must be made by Congress. America seems to have a kind of morbid fear of an election be- ing “thrown into the House.” They fear the mere commotion of it, even though they know there is no possi- bility of Congress choosing the radical candidate. In 1924 wmany voters, moved by that fear, thought the way to avoid it was for the conservative voters not to split between two con- servative candidates, but to concen- trate on one of them. In 1924 this way of thinking ended in the conclu- slon it was best to vote for the Presi- dent in office, who at that time was Coolidge. But I doubt if that will happen next year, Next year will be a time of strong convictions and deep feel- ings, which will blow away such su- perficial fears as the dread of the election being “thrown into the House.” It’s a Big Task Getting Pet Cat Out of Russia MOSCOW, U. S. S. R.—An Ameri- can cat named Fluff has provided the latest example of how excruciatingly difficult the Russian bureaucracy can make the simplest of tasks and inci- dentally has cast some shadows on the reputation of Russian furs. When Fluff's mistress recently de- cided to return to the United States with her pet she was forced to submit the animal to a veterinary for exami- nation, to have the veterinary’s cer- tificate certified by a notary, to have the notary’s signature certified by the commissariat of foreign affairs and to purchase two visas for Germany and Poland, the German visa alone cost- ing 22 rubles. This was all very sim- ple. Then the Soviet customs stepped in to complicate matters. “The exportation of cats is forbid- den without special permission of the fur trust,” she was told. “They are fur-bearing animals and the export of fur is a state monopoly.” So once more Fluff’s mistress, the latter’s husband, their chauffeur and | their secretary went to work, and after 24 hours received a handsome certifi- cate entitling Fluff to leave the coun- try. Saved from the “red terror” against cats, she is now lapping cream on the high seas. (Copyright. 1935.) Soviet Bread Move Calls Bake Experts MOSCOW (#).—Soviet officials have sent out & hurry call for experienced bakers employed in other lines to re- turn to government bakeshops in an effort to supply superior bread in the commercial shops which have dis- placed special closed shops since the abolition of bread cards. One hundred and nineteen bread stores and kiosks in Moscow are sup- plying the public with bakery products and making a special effort to offer wares superior to those provided when bread was issued on cards at lower | prices to workers. Under the card system workers were permitted to buy a pound of black bread daily for each member of their family at a price about half the new commercial This was more bread than the average family used, but it was ordinarily bought because it was so cheap and could be traded to peasants for dairy products, vege- tables and meat, - Sy i BY ANDRE SIEGFRIED, Author of “England's Crisis.” Etc. NGLAND today foresees the possibility of again becoming the great universal lender of capital. This is one of her present reasons for optimism, and in fact no question is of rthore importance for her. The angle from which her financial center, the “city,” regards this problem under the pres- ent circumstances is very interesting. In the nineteenth century, and in fact right up to 1914, England played the role of the world’s chief financier. There were other countries able to| make outside investments—France, | for example; also Switzerland and Holland—but the British Isles, ‘with- | out dispute, were the principal source of the capital which kept the rest of the world at work. In the second part of the last cen- tury the economic development of other continents grew by leaps and bounds. Railroads were built, ports and international canals were con- structed. mines had to be equipped and more and more new industries appeared. For these things ever more and more capital was needed. Some- | times this activity was private and | sometimes the states themselves ex- | ecuted public works, which, of course, in the last analysis tended to bring | about the same results. Structure Ideally Balanced. 8o England was ahead of the other countries by at least one generation. She was rich before all the others and she possessed not only a surplus of available capital, but a financial and economic structure which made it possible for her to dispose of it under the most profitable circumstances. Her economic relations with the en- tire world gave her a valuable insight, and all over the world one could find Englishmen who were watching over and guarding England’s interests. A complete national policy of in- vestment grew up and continued to | expand, and finally it developed its own technique. England knew by ex- perience that when she loaned capital to a foreign country for improving the latter’s equipment in one field or an- other it usually meant indirectly, and often directly, an order for British in- dustry. Financing of a new railroad carried with it an order for rails, for | locomotives and cars—and these or- ders were always given to England, be- cause there was hardly any one else who could be depended on to deliver | the goods. The “city” had learned that if the world was to buy British products it had to have the means to do so. In supplying this means they would im- prove their own position at the same time. From the time of this realiza- tion a broad policy of huge exporta- tion has been inseparable. in the Brit- ish mind, from a broad policy of | large-scale investments in foreign | | funds to invest outside her own coun- | try: but she will not have them, at least in a healthy form, until she again becomes a creditor nation. This does not seem to be the case yet, but a re- vival of business would soon bring things into equilibrium. Henceforth the dominions, which had often turned toward the United States, will come back to the London market in quest of capital; this evi- dently will strengthen Britain's im- perial unity. It will be necessary for | the government to lift the embargo PANAMA GAINER BY GOLD RULING ON U. S. DEALINGS Back —Court’s {Canal Treaty Check for $250,000 Sent View Cited as Lifting “Obstacles.” BY GASTON NERVAL. OR the second consecutive time F the Republic of Panama has re- turned the United States Gov- ernment’s check for $250.000 intended to cover the annual obligation of this country to Panama under the terms of the canal treaty of 1903. The 1903 treaty stipulated that the United States would pay in perpetuity to Panama an annuity of $250,000 “in gold coin” in compensation for the sum from the railroad concession which was taken over by the United States, together with other granted by Panama, also in perpet- uity, for the construction, use. main- | tenance and protection of the inter- oceanic canal. When last year's payment became rights countries. | due, after the Government of the War Brought Change. | United States had decided to devaluate of Panama by reason of laws enacted by the Congress of the United States changing the gold content of the dol- lar to 15.3 grains of the same fineness. | The Congress of the United States might likewise, and with indisputable | right, as the Panamanian Minister says, enact some other law reducing the gold content of the dollar to 5 or to 1 grain, and, if dollars of such & weight could legitimately be used in discharge of the treaty annuity the compensation agreed upon in 1903 would be virtually wiped out. Money to Bondholders. It has been argued that Panama | should overlook the whole matter be- cause the canal annuity has been for years. and is still, aliocated to the service of the Panamanian bonds in the hands of United States investors, and that, therefore, as the money is not going out of the United States the This system, the functioning of j which had run perfectly for a cen- tury, began to break up as a result | of the World War. There were sev- eral reasons for this. Primarily, England, crushed by a debt of un- precedented proportions, no longer had the freedom of movement which she had formerly enjoyed; less rich and more burdened, she had less capital funds at her disposal for foreign investments. Even when she did place money in other countries, this frequently was done at the ex- pense of her monetary security. One of the causes of the sterling crisis in 1931 was that the “city” had re- investéd in long-term notes a part of the short-term deposits which in some uncertain manner had been attracted to London. Now, just at the moment when Eng- land found herself less able to con- tinue her role of international finan- cial leader, the United States appeared upon the scene, suddenly making a bid for England’s place. She was abun- dantly provided with capital funds for the purpose. The Americans did not have the experience of the English, their patience or their innate under- standing of international affairs, but the massive power of their wealth was such that nothing could resist them. It was not, as the saying goes, a pretty performance; they loaned everywhere haphazardly, much pre- occupied with signing many guaran- ties to interminable contracts—but the proper precautions were not taken to insure the security of these loans, as we have seen by the results. Money was often used as a stop gap, rather than for the purpose of creat- ing new wealth; in South America they made loans to pompous dictators, in Europe to poor but pretentious municipalties U. S. Exports Gained. However, no matter what is said, the system worked in America’s favor as it had worked with the English; American exports followed American money. When a South American country was equipping his tramways, its telephones, thanks to the success- ful financial competition of the United States, the orders for ma- terial went to the American manu- facturer and the recruiting of person- nel was largely done in America, Eng- land and the rest of Europe suffered from this competition, which seemed to have become irresistible. New York tended to become, in the very face of London, a competing marketing for capital, the influence of which ex- tended to the British dominions them- selves. In the presence of this challenge the English became very discouraged. They were duly conscious of their technical superiority in financial mat- ters, but they perceived that the world’s center of gravity was leaving Europe and themselves. But now, since the crisis, a new fact has ap- peared—the American prestige has paled and the Americans themselves, because they have lost so much money in badly considered in- vestments, appear, for the moment at the dollar, changing its gold content, and to make “lawful currency” legal tender in all sorts of obligations, de- claring no longer valid the old “gold clause” in contracts, the fiscal agent of Panama in New York refused to| accept the check forwarded from Washington. The Minister of Panama, after unsuccessful conferences with representatives of the State and Treasury Departments, presented a memorandum_containing 25 proposi- tions in support of the right claimed by Panama to receive the amount of the annuity stipulated in the Canal treaty in gold coin of the standard of value existing in 1903. Met “Legal Obstacles.” The memorandum has not been an- swered up to the present, but in the course of conversations regarding the matter the State Department held the view that the payment of the annuity could not be made in gold because of “legal obstacles.” These *“legal obstacles” were, apparently, those en- countered in the joint congressional resolution of June, 1933, declaring that “provisions requiring payment in gold or a particular kind of coin or currency” were “against public policy” and providing that “every obligation, heretofore or hereafter incurred” shall be discharged “upon payment dollar for dollar in any coin or currency which at the time of payment is legal tender for public or private debts.” These “legal obstacles,” contested from the beginning by Pan- ama on the ground that they could not apply to a contract with a foreign nation, have now been removed by the Supreme Court’s recent decision that the Government of the United States | must pay its gold obligations as con- tracted. Of course, in the case of in- | dividual bondholders, the court ruled | that they could not sue the Govern- ment in order to enforce that pay- | ment, but in reference to an interna- | tional agreement the implications of that decision are obvious. Barrier Now Removed. In the particular case of the an- nuity due to Panama, although, juri- dically speaking, the decision of the Supreme Court of the United States cannot affect the rights of Panama one way or the other, it may be inter- preted, however, as having removed even the domestic “legal obstacles” which Washington had claimed pre- vented the payment in gold. And these “legal obstacles” having been removed, the arguments pre- sented by the Minister of Panama in his memorandum of last year appear now incontestable. These arguments are in themselves too clear to need elaboration. Starting from the premise that the juridical relations of Panama with the United States arising out of the canal treaty are governed by international law, the government of Panama asserts that a contractual obligation such as the “gold annuity” cannot be changed, diminished or im- paired by the act of only one of the parties to the treaty. although government of Panama would not be benefited by the payment in gold. To this the Panamanians answer that the right of their country to re- ceive the gold coin stipulated in the | treaty is not dependent upon the use to which the money may be destined, or upon considerations of whether Panama will be benefited or not by such payment in gold. The existence of a right does not cease or vary, they say, by reason of the fact that the person vested with the right is or is not benefited by its exercise. It has also been said that if Pan- ama demands payment in gold of the which it has placed on foreign loans. It will do this with the greatest pru- dence: the policy of the government is to authorize only loans which gravi- tate about the pound sterling and par- ticularly when such loans are suscept- ible of carrying in their wake orders for British industry. These possibilities, one sees, are lim- ited; but the fact which dominates all is that the United States, which for- merly was to be feared and even quasi- irresistible, for the moment is entirely out of the running. From this fact England gets a satisfaction she does not pretend to hide. Perhaps she is exaggerating the American eclipse, | which without doubt will not last for- | ever. ! Be that as it may, the English | financial market senses its present op- | portunities and is planning to take ad- vantage of them. You have the dis- tinct impression that the English are again ready to undertake a policy of international activity. They are ready to forget the bad debts of yesterday, knowing that England's life blood is world trade and her greatest concern is to put the mechanism of world ex- change in movement. ' Soviet Papers Shower MOSCOW, U. §. S. R—When Com- rade Josef Stalin, the Soviet dictator read his morning papers he must have ! much the same sensation as a person | who, after eating a pound of choco- lates, is offered a plate of fudge. i Even a vain person would tire of the monotonous string of epithets which every Soviet newspaper and every Soviet orator prefixes to the name of the Russian strong man, particularly because his name must be mentioned in every utterance which deals in any way with Soviet political affeirs. Stalin finds himself described as “our own dear, great. beloved, saga- cious, genial. steel-like, friend, leader, pilot, captain, teacher and compan- ion in arms of Lenin.” while on occa- sion the poster painters stoop to sheer absurdity by referring to him as “the greatest friend of the physical cultur- ists.” adjectives are not applied to him at any one time, but are arranged in flattering combinations, the most com- mon being “our great and beloved Stalin,” “our beloved teacher and pilot Stalin,” and “our own beloved leader,” The word “rodnoy,” meaning “own,” is a comparatively recent innovation. The lesser lights of communism are generally referred to only as “Com- rade So-and-So,” but a few of the more | important have graduated from this | class. Thus the highly poplar “Klim" Vorshilov, commissar of defense and the most polished big bolshevik, rates the prefix “ironlike"—as contrasted with Stalin's “steel-like"—and Lazar | Kaganovitch, secretary of the Central Committee, is lauded as “leader of the Moscow bolsheviki.” These epithets might bring blushes of embarrassment to the hard-bitten cheeks of the big bolsheviks were it not for the fact that most of them are employed at the behest of the Commu- nist party, which in turn is run en- tirely by the comrades in question. They are about as significant as the splendid decorations with which the broad chests of certain dictators have been plastered since their advent to power. (Copyright. 1935.) canal annuity the American holders | of Panamanian bonds can also de- mand payment in gold and thus offset | any benefit which might accrue the | former. But here the fundamental | difference is again disregarded. While | the payment to the government of | Panama is ruled by international law, | the relations of Panama with the | bondholders of her foreign debt resid- | ing in the United States are governed by the internal laws of the United States. Who will dispute the right of | the Panamanian government to dis- | | charge its obligations in the United States in accordance with the laws of the United States? Debt Greatly Lightened. Still another objection to the Pana- manian demand seems to be that Pan- ama has already benefited by the re- duction in the value (not the amount) of her debt, produced automatically by the devaluation of the dollar, and that she should be satisfied with that. Aside from the fact that Panama has not been the only one, and that every debtor in the United States, whether ral or a juridical person, has been equally benefited, the Panamanians reiort that that has nothing to do with the discharge of an international obligation established by treaty. United States are larger than her credits, or vice versa, and whether Panama had no debt at all or no credit at all in the United States, these facts are immaterial, in the opinion of the diplomatic representative of Panama, with regard to the international obli- gation of the United States toward his country. Such obligation exists and is immutable.. It cannot be affected or varied. Except by agree- ment of the two parties, it remains and will remain exactly the same whether Panama happens to have con- tracted loans in the United States or [Mn case she had contracted the same loans in France and had now to buy francs at the rate of 6.56 for the serv- ice of the debt. The “case for Panama” ends by | quoting a clause from the loan inden- | Republic of Panama “will not at any | time, while any of the bonds issued hereunder are outstanding, enter into act or thing whereby the obligation of the United States of America to make the treaty payments shall or may be in any manner released, affected or .” And to acquiesce in the proposition that payment may be made now, not in the gold coin of 1903, but in a citizen or an alien, whether a natu- | ‘Whether the debts of Panama in the | | ture of 1928, which provides that the | agreement or understanding or do any | Boisterous Shanghai Censors Its Movies SHANGHAI (#)—Foreigners who subscribe to & popular impression that Shanghai is a port where “anything goes™ probably have not heard about the community's motion censorship. Famed for its boisterous night club and cabaret life. Shanghai, neverthe- less, guards jealously the respecta- bility of its motion picture houses. Every picture screened must first be “disinfected” by passing through sev- eral boards of censorship, including persons of half a dozen nationalities. Six per cent of the pictures ex- hibited here are of United States origin. As soon as the films arrive in China, after having passed American censorship regulations, they are taken to Nanking for approval by the cen- sors of the Chinese national govern- ment. These censors have sharp eyes for any scenes which might wound the sensibilities of the Chinese. If a film passes the test of the Chinese board it must still be inspected by another group of censors before it may be shown in the Shanghai International Settlement. This board is composed of persons of British, American, German, Japa- nese, Italian and Chinese nationality and all must be satisfied. Demand for Georgian Era Revives in London LONDON (#).—Fashions that flour- ished in the Georgian era are now having a sudden revival in Mayfair, with wig chambers and stately four- poster beds in great demand. Age-old Georgian houses, weather- beaten and in many instances de- generated into flats or dull offices, are | being reconverted into residences. Carpenters and decorators are work- ing overtime ‘“rejuvenating” the scarred old mansions so that they may take up once more their roles in the glittering social scene. Houses with wig chambers are par- ticularly sought. The tiny rooms, where grand London citizens of the stately past had their powdered wigs tended by the visiting barber, are now emerging from the gloom of forgetful- ness to shine in pastel-shaded paint and serve as “make-up” rcoms. ‘The four-poster bed, too, is enjoy- m-mpmuof ph bedspread generally in a shade of vermilion and the ©f fine old lace. . Stalin With Epithets | Naturally all of the above-mentioned | picture | with |ly, happy set of fellows they are! Their by Frank G. Carpenter, world- famous author and traveler. The next chapter in the series will be Published next Sunday in The Star. CHAPTER XLIV. BY FRANK G. CARPENTER. Bell telephone case, which now being tried before Sec- calls attention Alexander Graham Bell and the millions he has made out of the telephone. His career presents one of the most remarkable Monte Cristo romences of this coun- ! try of quick fortune making. A dozen | vears ago a teacher in a deaf and | dumb school, his coat well worn at the seams, and his soul thristing for | achievement, he came to this city worth little less than nothing Now his check is good for mil- lions. His clothes are of the finest ! quality and of the latest cut. His mansion on Scott Circle cost him a ! $100,000 and its furnishings surpass | those of the White House. His very barn s located on ground worth $3 a square foot and it is so con- structed that many a public man in Washington would be glad to own it for a residence. A dozen of years ago one of the poorest school teachers, Prof. Bell, jumped by one leap to the head of the scientists of the country. He is now considered the peer of any one in this city of great men. Then he taught the deaf and dumb for the pittance they paid him. Now a mil- lionaire philanthrcpist, he spends thousands in carrying out his pet theories in regard to deaf mutes and with all his generosity he finds it hard to use his income. His library contains the choicest of finely bound books and his workshop in the top of his palatial home takes in a view of all Wasnington with its thousands of telepnone wires grasping it like a network. Putting his ear tc his receiver he can hear the workings of his thought at New York, Baltimore and Pitts- burgh, and in imagination, he can see the wires which he originated running through all parts of the earth and bringing cities and country villages into the closest of family relation- ships. The world has grown larger and smaller through the telephone and thank for its wonderful organization and remarkably wide-reaching pro- | gress. “Telephone” Bell is of English ori- |gin and ne is an Englishman with | the complexion of a Latin. He is be- tween 40 and 50 years of age, tal' and | well rounded. His face is full, dark |and regular. It is covered with a full black beard, which is short and | curly. His head :s large and round: | his forehead high and broad: his eyes |8 soft and velvety black. He dresses usually n business clothes, is demo- cratic in his manner and courtly at all times. There is nothing of the snob about him and he bears his good fortune like a gentleman. His wife is one of the most interesting women of Washington. She is beautiful and Bell became acquainted with her while she was attending his deaf and dumb school as one of his pupils. 1In speaking of the origin of the tele- there was a romance connected with it, but he refused to tell me what this romance was. I have an idea that it came to him through his efforts to make his wife speak and that love moved the world in this as it has in all other great actions since Adam was a gardener. ! Secretary Lamar’s Son. | Secretary Lamar of the Interior De- | partment has his son as his private secretary. He is a bright young fel- low who has led the varying life of a traveling man in Texas and who has a vocabulary which at times is more emphatic than elegant. The other day a friend told him that his father Mississippi friends and that ex-Repre- sentative Money has too much influ- ence at the department for the Secre- tary's good. “That's a mistake,” said young La- mar, “Money has received no favors from this department and Pa has treated his Southern friends worse than outsiders. Why,” he continued growing excited, “Pa has more friends than any other fellow in the South and he does less for his friends than anybody in Washington.” Early Bobbed-Hair. The short-hair craze has struck Washington and Pennsylvania avenue of a bright afternoon is filled with the daughters of noted men who walk along the sidewalk dressed in sealskin coats, fine dresses and nobby hats under which the hair, cut like that of a boy, shows forth. Some look bet- ter for the change, others are made horrible by it. A pretty girl looks well with short hair and her plump, rosy cheeks; round, full, soft, white neck and jauntily poised head on a pair of good shoulders are brought into more striking contrast by the rakish cut of today. The thin, scrawny, scraggy-necked girl, however, looks thinner, scrawnier and scrag- gier than ever and the ugly daugh- ters of some of the Senators and Rej resentatives attracted much less tention and appeared to better advan- tage under the old style. Fashion rules Washington, however, and fore the season is over there will be a lot of natural hair switches for sale cheap. A new wrinkle for those ladies who still cling to their long locks is being shown in the stores here. It is a long piece of glove kid rolled into the shape of a very slender fishing cork and colored to match the hair. It is pliable and is used in place of curl papers or tins. It is said to look better than the tin or the paper and not to injure the A White House Reception. ‘The White House New Year recep- tion of yesterday brought forth some curious contrasts. Mr. Edgerton, the Roger de Coverly of the present ad- ministration talked with me in the east room about his last presidential New Year call. | “It was,” he said, “a generation ago. I was in Congress and Frank Pierce was President. I can't say that the scene has changed much. ! The same crowd is present today and did one not know the faces he might | think he beheld this same scene in the days of the 50s. Men may come and’ men may go, but receptions go on forever.” Among the best looking men at the President’s reception today were the Supreme Court judges. What a port- faces shine with the eff of $10,000 & year and no fear to trouble them y the we have Alexander Graham Bell to| phone, Mr. Bell once said to me that | was paying too much attention to his | coming out, and can pay compliments like a beau of 25. The Army as usual made a great show. Gen. Sheridan, the biggest man of the delegation in point of rank, was the smallest in stature and his fat little form is almost as broad as it is long. His face was as red as the rising sun and as he chatted and laughed with everybody he was by all odds the most democratic of all his gold-laced and brass-buttoned bridade. Though the reception was not on the whole as large as might have been expected, considering that this is the first grand reception of a new President on the advent of a new party to power, still it was no- tably democratic and free from red tape. The people enjoyed themselves, and the majority of them being | strangers, there was less of the petty jealousy and division into cliques that always spring up in long-established societies Orte curious figure at the reception was an old woman in a black veil who moved along with an ear trumpet about a yard long. This trumpet | was of shining white tin which | gleamed against her black veil as she held one end of it in her ear | and turned the other end up to the | mouth of the man she was addressing. | Another character was a man with {a warty nose, who was pushing his proboscis into every one’s business and | was never satisfied unless he was tramping on somebody’s toes. | The President wore today a double- | breasted Prince Albert coat, well but- toned. This costume is de rigeur on such an occasion. The ladies who came to call upon him were in street dresses, but those who received with hiz: were resplendent in diamonds anc silks. Of course, every one did no! eppear in proper costume. Many of the people who come to Washington: and these often include the wives ot | men of high rank—are ignorant o: | the ordinary usages of polite society and curious mistakes are always | happening. | One instance of the ignorance of | Congressmen’s wives about social us- | eges was told me today. It is the | custom here as elsewhere to appea: {in full dress at a great evening re- | ception, and it is also customary to | invite with a gentleman the ladies o! his family. A leading Senator, who had been spoken of as a presidentia candidate, gave a large reception las Winter to which he invited the Con- gressmen of his own State. All wer asked to bring the ladies of thei families, the hour was set for ¢ o'clock. One. Congressman wh states in the Congressional Director. that he lives end was raised on : farm, appeared at 7 o'clock, accom panied by his wife and his thre young daughters, aged from 7 to 17 The girls had long straight hair, wor high-necked dresses and ribbons abou their waists, and both the Congress- men's wife and his daughters wishec to keep their bonnets on. The Senator’s wife, a very kind hearted lady, dressed quickly, for it wa a full two hours before any one wa expected. She tried to get her guest to take off their bonnets, but the woman said that as her hair was no | combed, she would prefer to keep her on. Finally, however, the Senator': wife tactfully told her that she woulc look odd with her bonnet on whilc all the others were in full dress, anc at last she persuaded the countr: woman to allow her toilet to be re- made. The daughters also took of their hats, but of course they were th only children at the reception. This was an instance of a mistak by reason of ignorance. We hav here at Washington however, & clas of the nouveau rich, who sometime. err through knowing too much and not having gentle instincts to direct the use of their knowledge. One of these, the wife of a millionaire, whe lives in one of the finest mansions in the "Capual. sat not long ago at a great | dinner party beside one of the most noted generals of the late war. The general happened to make use of his knife in conveying his food to his mouth. As he did so, the rich lady nudged him. “I beg your pardon, General” she said in a stage whisper, “but when my husband makes a social error, he is always glad to have me correct him, I know your wife will thank me when I tell you you ought not to eat with | your knife. " People at Washington are very queer and they always eat with their forks." The general turned around and looked at the lady with withering astonishment. He said not a word to her, but turned away to talk to his neighbor on the other side, as though | nothing had been said. Few such | encounters, however, have taken place recently in Washington. The aver- age American is a gentleman or a lady and one with manly or womanly na- ture need have no fear of making his | way in Washington society. Berlin Seeks Tourists Via “Haunted House” | BERLIN (P.—Memories of the past, modeled in wax, together with ‘ure-sized images of present-day | crowned heads, dictators and other | internationally known figures are be- {ing counted on to help Berlin in its efforts to attract tourists. | Madame Tussaud's wax work cab- |inet in London will serve as model | for a similar exhibition to be opened |here in Summer. “But it will be larger, more comprehensive and full of thrills,” the Society for the Revival of Berlin's Inner City claims. No means are left untried by the society to halt the westward trend of Berlin's night life which, during the post-war years, materially changed the face of this busy commercial center. By reopening the “Haunted House,” as Berliners called their wax-work cabinet which closed its doors in 1922 after an existence of 50 years, the local tourist office hopes to provide |this part of the city with another attraction. In keeping with its nickname, the haunted house will really have a touch of a spooky atmosphere. Besides the exposition of world- famous personalities, a whole section of the “panoptikum,” as it will be named, is to be devoted to crime. An exhibition of medieval torture instru- ments, like thumb screws, the spiked “iron maiden” and a collection of axes which belonged to old-time ex- ecutors is planned. The opening of Berlin’s first “pan- optikum” in 1872, it is recalled, was a first-class social event which Em- peror William I, grandfather of ex- Kaiser Wilhelm II. and many other