Evening Star Newspaper, June 25, 1933, Page 22

THE EVENING STAR been pretty well examined. m]'fll wish to join in the endeavor to With Sunday Morning Edition. WASHINGTON, D. C BUNDAY... ..June 25, 1833 THEODORE W. NOYES....Editor Pennsylvania Ave. New York Office: 110 East 42nd st. hicago Office: Lake Michigan Bullding. ropean Office: 14 Regent 8t. London. e T s mont miThen ¢ Gunds e Evening an: (when 5 Sundi The Sunday Star Collection made Orders may be sen NAtional 5000. Rate by Mail—Payable in Advance. gl’aryhnd and Vlrzinll. 7 1yr. 3100 1 o s 1 mo. Daily only . Bunday only All Other States and Canada. Daily and Sunday...1yr.$12.00; 1 mo., u.ig ily only 1yr, $8.00; 1mo. Bunday onl 1yr. $5.00; 1mo. ember of the Associated Press. 'n,: ‘Associated Press is exclusively entitied o the use for republication of il news fll;- patches credited to it or not otherwise cred- ited in this :I.D"Al.lnrfll ;l:%%”:uémm‘,‘; rein. peci h'&“?;-mhu herein are also reserved. e mo.. $0¢ 15" The Great Employer. The Federal Government is fast pre- paring to do its share toward bringing employment to the unemployed. The plans for the operation of the public works program, for Which Congress has appropriated $3,300,000,000, are taking shape and already there has been an gllotment of $400,000,000 to be used in highway development throughout the States, in the District of Columbia and in the Territories. In addition $135,000,000 has been allocated to be used for con- struction work at Army posts. Ru.ltll have been adopted relating to employ- ment on highway construction. In the regulations provision is made for & thirty-hour work week, for 8 minimum wage, and for the use of human labor in place of machines “where consistent with sound economy.” Preference must be given to former service men with dependents, to bona fide residents of the districts in which the work is car- ried on and to residents of the States where the work is located, in the order named. The plan is designed to give the maximum employment at wages that are fair and capable of providing a living, and at the same time the problem of a national highway system is not overlooked. The funds for the roed work will become available July 1. The administration offices of the pub- lic works program have received scores Feb! of requests for allotment of funds for many different kinds of projects in the several States and Territories. These proposals are not to be passed upon formally, however, until the directors for the individual States have been appointed. According to present plins, these appointments wiil be delayed until after President Roosevelt returns from his vacation. In the meantime, with the aid of the Senators and Rep- resentatives from the various States, the public works administration is as- sembling, if it has not completed the task already, lists of men available for appointment as State directors. After the State directors or administrators have been appointed, the requests for allotments of money for projects within their States will be turned over to them and it is expected that the State administrators will have the deciding wvoice. The Government’s public works pro- gram represents the contribution of the American people through their Govern- ment to the solution of the unemploy- ment problem. It is a contribution by the public because the bills for these public works, including both labor and material, must come out of the pockets of the people. There has been much over the chart are the route lines of about s hundred different expeditions. ‘The slumni of each have breught back data carefully gathered, and the as- sembling of this material, it would seem, has rendered the once prob- lematical polar territory almost as completely and accurately known as any more congenial section of the globe. But Bartlett is qualified to judge. If he declares there is an unexplored ares in the North, it must be true. The public, taking his word for it, perforce must await his return for further in- formation. Bartlett, it is worth mentloning, is a | modernist explorer. He is skilled in the knowledge of the kind of data science wants. His eyes are trained for the things that really are important. ‘When he comes back from & voyage he brings not merely a fascinating story of adventure, but a treasury of facts of the type definitely desired. Ocean- ographie and meteorological records, specimens of flora and fauna, archeo- logical items for museums—these are his stock-in-trade. He is not content merely to take soundings or measure land, keep colorful literary records and accumulate photographs. On the con- trary, he belongs to the new order of Arctic searchers. Thus, each of his voyages contributes to “organised com- mon sense,” as Huxley defined scientific culture. A crew of old-timers goes with Capt. Bob. Thelr progress will be watched with authentic interast. A multitude wishes them well. Their destination may be unknown, but it does not lie | beyond the reach of the good will of | their friends. e A Break for the Farmer. ‘The rise in wholesale prices at this time is encouraging to everybody as indicating an upturn in business, but for she farmer it is spreading happiness and joy. For every time the wholesale price level rises the level of agricul- tural prices rises much faster, while the prices paid by farmers for com- modities which enter their cost of living lag behind. Thus, a gain in agricul- tural prices is a gain in more ways than one for the farmer. ‘What has happened this year can be understood by the following compari- sons in price indexes: v Prices Paid by Farmers Prices for of Commod- Farm Wholesale _ ities Products. Prices. Bought., 1 61 1:; 1 100 As it is seen, since the beginning of the year the prices recelved by the farmers for the commodities they sell have gained eleven points, wholesale prices have gained almost two points, while the farmer’s costs have fallen by four points. In other words, he is re- celving more money for his products, but what he buys is cheaper. That is clear gain for him in the purchasing power of his dollars. Today wholesale prices have risen since the end of May to 64.5, and the rise in agricultural prices has been even greater. The process of what happened to the farmer when wholesale and agri- cultural prices began their fearful slump | in 1925 is being reversed today. From | 1925 until the end of 1932 the prices received by the farmers for the com- modities they sold decreased by 90 points, while the prices paid by the farmers decreased by only 59 points. One of the reasons that many farm- ers are whooping it up for inflation is that during a process of inflation farm prices scoot higher than anything else, including the prices paid by the farm- ers for commodities they buy. But if there is resort to direct inflation or cur- argument regarding the efficacy of this attempted cure of unemployment. The time for argument has passed. The experiment is under way. The elected representatives of the people have de- | creed that a huge sum of money is to | be expended for public works. Thlt; the experiment will be beneficial is| mecessarily the hope of the people. Fortunately, President Roosevelt in- #isted that the public works bill should provide additional taxes to finance the program, demanding an additional $220,000,000 a year for that purpose. To undertake such a vast expenditure leaving the American people to pay at | some future date, and pay through the | mose in all probability, would have been disastrous. It may be that as the other attack upon unemployment through the stimulation of private industry gets| more and more under way the Gov- | ernment will not feel called upon to expend the total $3,300,000,000 now | appropriated for public works. Certain- | Jy if jcbs can be provided in private industry an immediate halt should be | called upon Government expendnuteli for public works initiated primarily to give employment. The pressure, how- ever, for continuance of such spending will persist from the various political divisions, for public works expenditures rency debasement in behalf of the farmer he will not want it to stop at the level of 1926, for instance, which has been considered by some as the desirable level. He will want it to| proceed to the level of 1918, when farm prices were represented by the index number 200, as compared with the point | attained by the prices paid by the| farmer, which was 178. It is interesting to speculate now on the question whether farmers, should they be led to anticipate direct inflation, and encouraged already by rapidly ris- ing prices, are going to reduce acreage even in expectation of a Government bonus for doing s0. Unless the specu- lative element in human nature can be eliminated by act of Congress—whiéh may be possible in the day of the new era, who knows?—the farmer will con- sider whether it will pay him more to raise everything he can plant or rely on the sure thing that may come his way by reducing his acreage. —_— Tt has been asserted that Franklin D. Roosevelt would reassert the spirit of Woodrow Wilson. It cannot be sus- pected that as a magazine publisher | Alfred E. Smith is a reincarnation of George Harvey. | — have long been considered as plums.| President Roosevelt has the direction within his hands, however. He can call ® halt If it becomes necessary. — Chile will ship beer to the U. 5. A.; s a little like carrying coals Destination Unknown. Capt. Bob Bartlett is off again. In- curable wanderer of the Arctic seas, he simply cannot stay at home. The North keeps beckoriing him. Just as the Pole Star lures the necdle in the compass box, 50 the mystery of the frozen zone furnishes a magnet for the soul of the veteran mariner. The exploring fever is in his blcod, and he must obey its commands Usually Capt. Bob announces a defi- nate goal when he sets sail north- ward. This year, however, his ultimate destination is & secret. “All we can ®all you,” he says, “is that we hope to penetrate an area about which virtually | 0 destroy the quota of weeds on his A small matter of |OWn land. Both devices have been tried fifteen thousand miles is the distance | OUt in other communities. Both are indicated for the voyage, and the Effie Worthy of further consideration. Bartlett's schooner, has| e been thoroughly overhauled for the| torture at the season when the rag- | divillle trip, “because we get reports that ice Weed dust is in the air. nothing is known.” M. Morrissey On July 8 John D. Rockefeller will | attain his 94th birthdsy anniversary. | His remarkable age may be taken as a | measure of the tremendous vitality | which enabled him to accomplish tre- | mendous things. —_— | Kill the Ragweed! | Each year, with the beginning of | | Summer, thousands of unfortunates | cursed with a tendency toward hay | fever go through the sgony of seeing |their enemy, the ubiquitous ragweed, | growing up in the fields and along the. roadways to plague them with its irri- | tating pollen. Of course, co-operation is neccssary if any effort to combat the pest is to succeed. Single individuals, | | working alone, cannot accomplish any- | thing notable in the circumstances, A | general campaign is called for. One suggestion is that & few bat- "uuons of the army of the unemployed | be recruited for the purpose. Another | is that each property owner undertake The hay-fever victim suffers genuine He may re- THE SUNDAY stamp out the source of so much pain and discomfort. Ragweed is a nuisance; it serves no useful purpose of any kind. It should be exterminated wherever found. Those who labor toward that end will have the gratitude of a multitude of their fellow creatures. e The Optimistic Mr. Davis. Mr. Norman H. Davis, President | Roosevelt’s roving European Ambas- | sador at large, is back home, brimming | with optimism about the prospects of disarmament at Geneva, the subject with which he has latterly been chiefly concerned. He says “peace Is a cold- blooded proposition and there is a growing realization in Europe that an agreement on armaments must be | reached.” | It would be exceedingly useful, many { Americans think, if in this country there were a more lively readiness to face the disarmament problem in a spirit of “cold-blooded” realism. That view has just been trenchantly ex- pressed by Mr. Frank H. Simonds, whose distinguished comments on for- | eign affairs are regular features of The | Sunday Star. In a letter to the editor | of the New York Herald Tribune Mr. | Simonds rather caustically calls for orders which will keep Mr. Davis at home, instead of returning him to the scene of futility at Geneva, and then Mr. Simonds polnts out why armed Europe will not disarm as long as she remains “a powder magazine” until, without mincing words, the United | States gives the disarming countries something to take the place of security armaments, viz, either by alllance or guaranty of American aid in an emer- gency. “America won't guarantee: Europe won't disarm,” declares Mr. Simonds, and he adds: ‘Why not face the facts and cease to perpetuate the illusion that a man who has fallen in the water will aban- don his life preserver on the advice of a bystander on the shore who has no | intention of risking his own skin in the flood? For that, after all, is the fashion in which European peoples see that American program which Mr. Davis has promoted so long and ear- nestly and with such uniform insuc- cess. No one who really understands pres- ent-hour Eurcpean politics can dispute the accuracy of this picture, discon- certing as it is to contemplate it. —— No feature of the income tax has proved more “paternalistic” than the revelation of fatherly solicitude shown by Lawyer Max Steuer toward Mr. Mitchell. ———— ‘The' world is engaged in a study of credit, with ineidental efforts to find dignified names for documents whk:h‘ in smaller transactions would be desig- | nated as “rubber check: B Mahatma Gandhi contributed a mel- ancholy suggestion in the present eco- nomic situation in showing that a man may manage to go without food and raiment and still survive. e Bince Congress adjourned there is a disposition to wonder whether it would not be well for the London conference to speed up and do the same even in the face of unfinished business. ———. Gifts to Harvard have decreased by | several millions in the passing year. Even the knowledge market apparently | participated in the recent slump. -~ Hitler, not of German birth, is dainz[ his best to register in historic attention as a carpetbagger who made good. ——o—s SHOOTING STARS. BY PHILANDER JOHNSON. The Universal Explanation. It's a comfort to know Just what troubles us so When life isn't all that it should be. The ills that we meet Lose their mystery complete And all is as lucid as could be. For now we find out Beyond question or doubt ‘We should all have enough and to spare if We could but arrange For the right “Presto, change!” In that magical thing called the tariff. ‘When your money runs short Or you're summoned to court Or your motor car’s aged ar lacking; When the cash you invest Shows a reckless unrest And your hopes of great gain are sent packing; ‘When your breakfast is poor And your drink is impure There is much less occasion to care if Hard luck’s evil train You can fully explain And lay the whole blame on the tariff. Studied Superficialities. “There were some things in your speecH{ that I didn't quite understand.” | “Probably,” replied Senator Sorghum. | “Those were probably the topics I re- | ferred to in a confident, offhand way, 50 as to avoid disclosing that I don't understand 'em efther.” Amenities. | “The way they talked about you was | most violent and depreciative,” said the | sympathetic fan. “Yes,” replied the umpire; “ycu might | almost have thought I was & candidate | for office in & hot campaign.” Transmutation. Oh, gold is something of a bluff That won't content the soul Till you get out and trade the stuff For pork and beans and coal. - | Learning. i “Is your daughter learning to sing “That isn't what's bothering me What remains to be seen is whether I can leern (o listen to her without start- | ing a family row.” | | | | The Difference. A pessimist is sad, indeed, Because his garden went to seed. The optimist. with courage true, Just plants the seed and hopes anew. | | | “Nature,” said Uncle Eben, “doan’| | nebber bestow all her gif's cn one in- | De lightnin’ bug ain’ got no | | stinger, an’ de skeeter ain’ got no lamp.” | o STAR, WASHINGTOXN, D. C, JUNE 25 LIVING AT THE CENTER BY THE RIGHT REV. JAMES E. Bishop of There are two ways of seeing life, the one from the center, the other from the periphery. The first is from witbin, looking out, seeing life in the large and over broad areas; the second is seeing life from its outward edge, looking within; it is the restricted, narrow view. Our outlook is not necessarily deter- mined by the size of the place in which we live. It is generally conceded that the provincial outlook or point of view is largely determined by the limitations of our place of occupation. A distin- guished American novelist wrote of the sordid life of a small western town and he made all his characters small-town people. They were on the periphery; they were ever looking within their small community. The world was no big- ger than the place of their immediate environment. They fed their starved souls on the petty details of their com- munity life. It was an exaggerated picture, but it has ample demonstration, not only in some small provincial town, but even in the streets of a great city. Over against this we set the lives of others who have made major contribu- tions to art and literature. While they had their habitat in some small, pro- vincial town, in imagination they roamed the world and saw life in its larger and finer proportions. Robert Burns, the music of whose poetry has fascinated the world, even from the re- stricted area of a Scotch village caught visions of a human brotherhood that was all-embracing in its . Charles Kingsley, in the little Engl village of Eversley, lived so large a life that he was enabed to interpret to those who lived in the great metropolis their responsibility to the less fortunate and the less favored. These men lived at the center and not on the periphery. They had the comprehensive vision. not the narrow and provincial. Within the compass of their thinking they comprehended the la the larger issues of life. rrr meaning and | i FREEMAN, D, D, LL.D.D. C. L, Washington. Our professional and occupational life has a tendency to restrict our vision and to limit us to a small area of serv- ice. Yale University, taking ince of this, is undertaking a mighty effort through its School of Human Relations to break down the barriers that segre- gate and divide men in_their profes- sional and occupational living, and so to establish a finer co-operation and a more harmonious service. The muiti- plying mechanisms of modern life are likewise compelling us to the larger and more comprehensive vision. We canno longer live our compartmented lives, who practice it. Applied to religion, how imperative the need is for the broader and finer outlook. or sects, and with them we adorn the riphery of life, thinking the while hat in so doing we are contributing to the enrichment of the whole. Jesus stands at the center of life, the world’s supreme exemplar of the comprehensive thinker who in His grasp and reach of vision surveys all life, ap- praises it and gives Himself for its complete redemption. Once a disciple came to Him, saying with flne zeal, “Master, we saw one casting out devils in Thy e and he followeth not us, and we forbade him,” to which Jesus replied: “Forbid him not, for there is no man which shall do s miracle in that can lightly speak evil In this word He recognized the vir- tue of one whose credentials He had not seen. The whole scheme of life, as He interpreted it, was comprehensive and inclusive. © No other religious teacher ever saw and appraised life as did He. It is by reason of this that He fits into every age and every race. He lived at the center and knew life in its every ; because of this, He is the | S8avior and Redeemer of mankind. Bird’s-Eye View of Journalistic Activity At the London Economic Conference BY WILLIAM HARD. LONDON, June 24 —Scene—The New Museum of Practical Geology. Occa- sion—The International Monetary and Economic Conference. Character—The Meditative Reporter. Quite nice lounge, or perhaps I should say lobby. But no, this is England. Lounge. Very nice of them to provide a lounge just for the correspondents. It's in the basement, of course. But that’s good enough for correspondents. Plenty of tables. Lots of chairs. And | 3a%. what do I see? it. A little bar. “Why, hello, Charles.” “Hello, Jimmie. Haven't seen you since the International Pork Exchange Conference at Budapest. What do you know?” “The French are just all wrong. They’re inconsistent.” “Really?"” “Absolutely. They want the re- sumption of the old gold standard sys- tem. They want free trade between nations in gold. They are all for put- ting the United States and Great t- ain back on the gold standard. They want the free, uninterrupted flow of gold from country to country. That's one side of it. But think of the other side. On the other side they want to retain all their present impediments to the free flow of commodities from country to country. They want to re- tain their tariff duties. They want to retain their import quotas. They want to say just how much of this and how much of that can be brought in to France from each country in the world. They want a free gold system and a controlled commodity system. You can see for yourself how impossible it is.” “That’s right, Jimmie. Thank you awfully.” A bar. No doubt of * K kK Wonderful how many correspondents there are here. Quite a few from Bom- bay. They know lots about should India be federated or should it be sep- arate grovinces. Wish I could see some of them. Must be wonderful fellows. What language do you suppose those correspondents at that table over there are talking? They're going out to the telephone booth room. Think Il fol- low them. What a room! Five desks of five dme‘rve;t cablbg k;x;:i radio wx;:mptniu for receiving cal ms and lograms. Fifty-five booths for telephone messages by correspondents to their papers back home somewhere in Europe. And all the booths—pretty nearly all—occupied right now. Very busy scene. Makes | me feel tired. I wonder how many languages they | are speaking in those telephone booths. “Hello, Charles.” “Hello, Prank. since the International Radio Wave Allocation Conference in Stockholm. What do you know?” “The Germans are just all wrong. ‘They're inconsistent.” “Really?” “Certainly. They're all out to get this International Monetary and Eco- nomic Conference to take up political questions. Did you hear tgelr chief delegate just now? He said that po- litical questions had to be settied be- fore economic questions could be solved. In other words, you can't have the international gold standard as long as the Poles have the Polish Corridor. What do you think of that? Perhaps the Poles won't consent to carry gold across the Corridor. Absolutely incon- sistent for this conference.” “I see your point, Frank. you awfully.” * ok ok % Amazing system they've got here for the distribution of information. Think Tll look at the bulletin board. Yes. There it is. That Bulgarian is just starting to speak in the main conference room. There's his name on the board. And there's the red light | Thank heaven | that shows he's begun. I don’t have to listen to him. & book-stall. Very interesting books. Lots of lications of I see ub- the League of Nations. Prightful amount of knowledge. I like | §; the looks of that report there. Six- pence? Thank you. Better go back now to the bulletin board. Ah! Yes! The speech of the Bulgarian is already getting posted up. Shall I read the English sheets of it or shall I read the French sheets? Guess I'll practice on the French. Excellent speech. Too bad that some of the delegates of the big countries can't make good speeches. But isn't it fortunate that I don't have to bother to go into the conference room? Wish they did things this way in America. Just stay in the press gal- lery and have it all brought to you. Marvelous! ko xok Think I ought to go to see Arthur eetser and the rest of the League Nations information fellows. But no. ‘Hello, Charles.” “Hello, Francols. Haven't seen you since the International Tin Distribu- tion Conference at Lisbon. What do you know?" “The Americans are just _simply wholly absurd. On the one hand, they are perfectly determined to cheay their dollar. On the other hand, they are perfectly determined to tell us in this conference that we ought to re- duce our tariff barriers. How can we reduce our tariff barriers if the dollar is going to get cheaper and cheaper? It can't be done. It's ridiculous. The United States has gone crazy.” “I get your idea, Francois. Thank you a lot. | | | | an office bullding. Very businesslike. Perhaps geology's a business nowaday: | Same insincerities here as in a busi | Stone front to the build- ing. Cheap brick sides. Nothing really very lovely. But everything really very efficient. Staircases of some composite concrete material. Very mod- ernistic. ness place. * k% % ‘Third floor. What? Another lounge. More tables. More chairs. Another bar. What a bar! Longest I ever ‘‘Hello, Charles.” “How do you do, your excellency.” “Vodka?” “No, thank you.” “Aquavit?” “No, Thafik you.” “Umbrianoso spumante?” and we are learning that an excess Of | nationalism is a menace to the people | ‘We set up our little groups| Haven't seen you | ‘Thank | “No, thank you.” “Pllsener?” “No, thank you. Haven't seen you | since the International Wages Stand- | ardization Conference at Lugano. What have you heard?” “The English are crazy. They want to have an artificial raising of prices. They want to manipulate gold and credit, so that prices will go up. They jwnm. to put arbitrary levers under everything and push everything sky- ward. At the same time they say they want to restore the international monetary gold standard? But what is the genus of the international mone- tary gold standard? It abso- luf the absence of artificiality. It is absolutely the leaving of prices to the free play of the uncoerced inter- national movements of gold. The Eng- lish want natural gold exchanges and artificlal prices. They've lost their minds.” | . _“I perceive your notion, your excel- lency. I'm obliged to you extremely. I must hurry to write a plece to my paper.” * o % But perhaps I'd better drop into the | main conference room first. I really ought to do it every day. Who's g? Oh, yes. Sir Jeejeebhoy Chatterjee of India. He represents the international labor office of the League of Nations at Geneva. What's he saying? Labor should re- ceive high compensation all over the world. He's very strong for labor. Splendid. Got to write my plece. Back to the basement. Large room with innumerable desks. Several hun- dred journalists writing at typewriters and by hand. Never was in this room before. Didn’t know we had it. Must start writing: “General opinion here all nations | off their heads. Not a bad thing to | find out. Sooner we discover that ;V:ri?ody is 1;: wild ub:s are and e a8 wild as every) else is, the better. One mark-up mry muml‘. tional conferences. (Copyright. 1933.) ————s Co-operative Plans Under Industrial Recovery Act BY HARDEN COLFAX, Few pleces of national legislation in- volving 50 much for the welfare of the American people have found business Inncl government so well prepared to co- | operate in carrying it out as has the natlonal industrial recovery act. President Roosevelt's “‘partnership between government and business” has already elicited the “co-operating zeal” of more than 400 national trade 2550~ clations which have already taken ac- tion to organize for activity under the provisions of the new act. Pully 300 more are expected to do 0 in the near | future. Nearly as many individual associations have either formulated policles, drawn up programs or taken e leral Government propos deal with any coherent plnwg:r:g ve definite programs. the larger groups are al- Tganized, attention is being given to the five major industries, employing about 70 per cent of the country’s labor—steel, coal, oil, textiles and automotives. Organized labor has also signified its approvel. Representa- tives of textile, iron and steel, automo- bile, coal, clothing, electrical equipment and other key industries have been in touch directly with Gen. Hugh Johnson ’I:Ké ‘hll dl:Afl o{)vm-o;‘dm-wn in the ew days. Over the coun meetings are going ahead. sl * x x % The Chamber of Commerce of the United States, the National Associatipn of Manufacturers and ‘a number of other org&nxnuom with a broad gen- eral fleld for their activities are Sup- | Plying _information and assistance to | the various trade associations, including samples of model codes of “fair com- can industry into trade associations is regarded by keen observers in Wash- ington, tbm«h l"r;"e and outto( the Gov- ernment, as greatest opportunit; which has come to any ecopng‘l’nlc or’-’ ganizations to serve busineas since the days of the medieval trade gullds. Moreover, it is said in administration circles that the establishment of a “consumers’ advisory board”—to rep- resent the great mass of the buying public, which is usually inarticulate— will be recognized as one of the most ential parts of the set-up of the new | Preparations for such a ‘“‘coun- petition.” This mobilization of Ameri-| 1933—PART TWO. 5 —_— e Capital Sidelights BY WILL P. KENNEDY. Most_people think that, now Con- | gress has ed “sinedie,” the House and Senate are off on a long six months’ vacation—on junkets, fishing | trips, basking at the seashore or climb- ing mountains. As a matter of fact,, nearly half the membership is still in town and working on one of the most | vexatious problems of their entire legis- lative careers—trying to get jobs. The two House office bulidings and the Senate Office Building are thronged daily by the job hunters in person, and their number is only a fraction of the | insistent demands that come from con- stituents in every mail. Secretaries and other office employes who normally have a relatively easy time during the Tecess periods are at their wits’ ends to reply to these letters and to talk with the desperately eager ones who come to the offices of the members daily en- deavoring to get placed. Members of Congress are wearing out their shoe leather and spending more than many of them can afford on taxi- cabs, going from Federal department to department and bureau to bureau on a tiresome quest for jobs for needy con- stituents—and mostly in vain. Veteran members frankly admit that this has been the toughest job of their entire political life. They are putting their hearts into it—and that is the one beau- tiful thing about the situation. It has developed a wonderful spirit of human sympathy for those in desperate situ- ation on account of unemployment, N We have just had a series of mem: days in Congress, when selected un&z have told their colleagues eloquently of lflfe(;il d;ys gxr' yore, with a moral poin or e 'nt depression situation. s e | Up rose that big-bodied, melodious- { voiced, flu nt-dlnuuged son of Texas, | Representative Martin Dies, whose father { before him made the welkin ring with his rugged oratory, and memorialized Snnnh%inu day. He said: “No Texan can take a d dent view of the future who conllmhow our ploneers braved the dangers of the trackless wilderness, laid deep and strong the institutions of freedom, and bequeathed to their children the price- less boon of liberty. The glory of ad- venture was in their eyes and the glory of hope in their souls. They had the hearts of Vikings and the simple faith of a child. “When Santa Ana sought to extend his despotic sway over Texas, these pioneers rallied to the battle cry of the | Republic, and plunged fearlessly into the mad whirlpool of blood. To save Texas from the sumptuary sway of ! Mexican imperialism, which, having en. | thralled the moral, political and intel- | lectual life of Mexico, sought to fix its greedy talons upon the fair domain of Texas, these pioneers fought and died | and dedicated their lives upon the altar | of their country. “By reason of their undaunted cour- age, rugged faith and heroic valor, they left us a great empire——" Now go on and read how the flower of the Mex- ican army was wiped out in 18 minutes ot Qesperate battle at San Jacipto, to the battle cry of “Remember the Alamo; remember Goliad.” * k x x Then, again, that earnest Swede, Representative Emest Lundeen of Min- nesota, reminded his colleagues that failure of France to_pay America in- stallments due on-World War and post-war debts recalls‘the stern suc- cessful measures taken by “Old Hick- ory” (Andrew) Jackson. After reviewing that vigorous chapter in American history, Representative Lundeen commends a study of Jack- son’s career to Americans, yol and old. He says: “Serving in the ti- nental Army under George Washing- ton, Andrew Jackson, American soldier lad at 14, flung back the taunts and insults of British officers whose boots he refused to clean and suffered wounds at their hands. “This American soldier, famous gen- eral and statesman supreme, drove the last of British armles from American soil in a decisive and brilliant victory at New Orleans, and they never re- turned from that day to this, except as propagandists to propagandize us into the quarrels of Europe. “I commend the state papers of An- drew Jackson as real American litera- ture, virile, living today as they were throbbing with life in his time. The greatness of Jackson -resulted very largely from his virile Americanism and his following the precepts and advice of the founders of the Republic. “Jackson was a follower of Jefferson, as Lincoln was a follower of Jefferson, and Jefferson, Jackson and Lincoln were all followers of the foreign policy of the revered George Washington.” L Scarcely any of the thousands who hurry through the Capitol each day, including the high school parties being rushed along by the guides so that they will not miss a trip to Mount Vernon, know that in the basement of that great -tabernacle where the Federal Lzmlltureu?ulrds the rights of the people—to life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness—there is & tomb—prepared first { | | for the mortal remains of the President, Gen. George Washington. After the tomb .was all ready and an aperture made so that the visitors passing through the rotunda toward the Supreme Court and the Senate could look down for patriotic inspiration upon the tomb of “the Father of His Coun: try,” it was found that Gen. Wi ton in his will had asked that he buried at his old home, Mount Vernon. Within the iron-fenced inclosure where Washington's dust was to have been laid, there is a bier upon which have rested the bodies of Presidents Lincoln, Garfield and McKinley; Sen- ators Bacon and Hanna, and Admiral Dewey—and other distinguished dead when they lay in state in the Capitol. [ On Flag day, June 14, one of the new members, Representative Jennings Randolph of West Virginia, who is al- ready an outstanding leader of young men, having dcvoted himself especially to bringing-them to a realization of their duties as well as rights as Ameri- can citizens, briefly addressed his col- leagues s follows: “In connection with the observance of this day I would like to call to the serious consideration of the members of this House the fact that there is in America at this very hour an organiza- tion known as ‘The Young Pioneers of America,’ sponsored by the Communist party of Red Russia, and each morning little boys, the size of this youngster who sits beside me, place their hands to their foreheads and pledge allegiance to the red flag, not to the American flag. “I believe it is worthy of the atten- tion of the members of this House to- day to say to all America and to the world that there are lying tongues abroad in this land; that there are false prophets walking up and down Amer- ica, telling us that the interests of the home, the church and the school, which we have fostered and which we believe to have made this country great, are not right. As one member of the House speaking to the others, I want to see that American flag continue to wave from every public building in the I with not a stripe erased nor a star obscured.” undertaken by organized business in anticipation of the operation of the recovery act, as well as to supply in- formation and extend aid to lustries and trades wnich may be useful as background. The department will also furnish inquirers with full information concerning the trade practice confer- ences of the Federal Trade Commission, which may serve as a guide for similar agreements now necessary or desir-h's. All of the trade associations, in plans, frankly accept the provisior restrictions of the new law and r. its offer of a “code of fair competition™ Eliminating the World’s Slums BY FREDERI There is » possibility that the great task which will lift the whole world out of the slough of depression will be found {in the elimination of the slums of the great cities. It has been remarked that | every previous depression has ended only when people applied themselves to some new line of development. This has been true in the Uni States and the general theory can be identified in world movements. For example, the whole burgeoning of the renaissance raised all Europe to & higher plane than it had ever known before and ended the Dark Ages which had endured practically since the Introduction of Christianity. Slum districts of cities have been the thinly veiled ulcers of civilization since men first began to congregate in large numbers. In all ages every considerable city has had fts mean streets. Such sections formerly were regarded as a matter of course, & necessary growth along with the healthier, more vigorous developments. Only in the last century have citizens become especially self- conscious about the slums of their cities. That there now is a great deal of self-consciousness concerning them is beyond question. Organizations have been formed for slum betterment or elimination. Philanthropists have tried their hands at reform and city councils have put forth efforts. It will be re- membered by some that the first Mrs. Woodrow Wilson had no sooner settled her residence at the White House than she began a campaign for the elimin: tion of the slums of Washington, tak- ing the position that an example should be set by the National Capital which other American cities might well follow. In the Willow Tree alley area her ef- forts resulted in improvement, but ‘Washingtoh still has slums, although not s0 extensive nor so squalid as those of many other cities no larger. A remarkable movement was made in New York City at the close of the last century. Muck-raking journalists start- ed it by revealing that some of the worst-kept tenements of New York's Lower East Side were owned by the famous and fabulously rich Trinity Church. The pressure of publicity was %0 strong that many old roach-ridden structures were razed and new model dwellings erected in their places. Periodic Improvement Campaigns. It was a favorite jibe of those who ogpoaed the idea of providing comfort- able living quarters for the poor that C J. HASKIN. I ness and fesidential brilliance, White- chapel, Limehouse, the Minories are at the other pole. Dickens knew | London slums, but his Victorian sudi- ences were 100 nice to be told the full details of their squalor, Thomas Burke | bas described them for modern readers, but no words can fully depict the depths to which life sinks back of St. Kath- | erine’s Docks. There have been periodic campa! | to_improve the slums of Lond 'lhe task has been so huge that much progress never has been made. Now, | however, another effort is beng made by the British government. Since the war exchequer subsidies have been granted !for the erectich of workmen's cottages in various places, largely rural com- munities, in England. A new policy has turned all these expenditures to cleaning up the slums. London is the big task, but the campaign is directed toward the slums of all cities of both England and Wales. A new exchequer subsidy is to be granted to assist the private owners of slum tenements to improve the housing conditions. The imperial government will allow a grant of about $10 for every inmate of a slum dwelling cleared out and given a better place to live. On top of that the local authorities— | in the case of London, presumably, the | London county council—will allow an | additional grant of about $15 for each |person removed. It is not at all un- | usual to find 10 persons living in three |or four rooms in the London slums. | This would mean a government grant | of some $250 for the improvement of the building. ‘World-Wide Movement. In most cases, it is hoped, the old | structures wili be pulled down. In any |event it is planned is renovate them completely, install better plumbing and, in general, better the premises. To be sure, a new building cannot be erected | for $250, but that subsidy will go & long way toward encouraging improve- | ments, especially if on top of the grant | stringent sanitary and building_ inspec- | tion regulations “are introduced mak- | ing it difcult for owners to refuse to improve. Berlin and other German cities also | are moving toward slum clearance, and the cities of Austria and Czechoslovakia | have similar programs. Paris, next to | London, is probably the most famous slum city of Europe. There, attenuated 3 it such quarters were unappreciated. The | mortals huddle in abject poverty, breed- people preferred to live in squalor, it |ing disease and crime. Paris has spent was asserted, and examples were found many millions in widening avenues, ex- of families, provided at low rent with |tending parks and generally beautify- clean modern quarters, who used the |ing the city, but the slums have per- bathtubs to store coal. Doubtless there | sisted throughout the ages, there being were such cases and, certainly, a bath- | little improvement in some sections tub makes an excellent and handy coal | since Francois Villon dwelt and sang bin, Nevertheless, the movement for |in them. It is possible that France the elimination of llun’\‘; has grown | wlllujoin the crusade for city slum elm- and, at the same time, the slums have | ination. grown along with the tremendous in-| In the United States there s & un; cresse of the great centers of popula- paign in progress for the renovation tion. | dwelling houses, but chief attention ‘There are no more famous slums than | has been bent on middle-class houses, those of London. The vast city of | largely of the suburban villa type. With seven millions, for so long the largest | the new relief measure and the national city in the world and still a leader, has harbored a miscellaneous ula- tion time out of mind and, while its West End is the last word in exclusive- | | industrial recovery measure NOW | force, it is not out of the question thal an American campaign of slum elimina- tion may follow. Fifty Years Ago In The Star “The tempest in a teapot,” says The Star of June 21, 1883, “stirred up by . the report No Knickerbockers that an of- For Letter Carriers. ficial order had been or was soon to be issued requiring the Government letter carriers to wear knickerbockers, instead of the present style of trousers, seems to have been without adequate cause. No such or- der has ever been contemplated, ac- cording to competent guthority. Our swift-footed messengers of good and bad news may therefore rest in peace with the consoling reflection that the size and shape of their calves are not to be matters for public criticism. This, it is to be inferred, must have been t! chief ground for i ation, if any existed, flncleuuc.rtl style of uni- form has al ly been prescribed for them, the advantages of which are obvious. “A little sensitiveness on the point referred to, if really entertained, is perhaps natural enough; but, all things considered, it ought not to have any weight in considering the matter. Such objections as are usually urged against the proposed change in a general way seem to be based mainly on a vague idea that short breeches and long stockings are somewhat effeminate and adapted rather for dudes and esthetes than earnest and muscular men. This notion is undoubtedly largely due to the fact that they were so unfortunate as to be affected by that apostle of . Nothing, how- view of the case. So far from being, either in appearance or adaptability, a suitable garment for the weak-mind- ed and weak-jointed portion of the human family, the knickerbocker is the best style of man’s dress for walking .nd ordinary working ever conceived. And if the letter carriers should once give it a fair trial it is quite safe to say that they would not only thank the person who suggested it, but they would stoutly resist any movement in- tended to prevent them from contin- uing to wéar it. “To this tenor is the uniform testi- mony of pedestrians, wheelmen, gun- ners, anglers and indeed of everybody who has ever enjoyed its advantages in outdoor exercise or even in ordi- nary indoor use. With a thin stocking it is cooler in Summer, and with a thick woolen stocking and a cloth or leather gaiter it is warmer in Winter than the present style of trousers. It is at all times more comfortable, more cleanly and more convenient than they, with the added advant that it is far more economical and more dura- ble, costing less in the beginning, keep- ing in better order during service and wearing. longer in the end. But for all this, it is likely that the talked-of change will never be made. If not, however, it may be set down to the fact that the human family is often more sensitive to shafts of ridicule than courageous in adopting the sen- sible and economical improvement on an article or custom sanctioned by long . * % According to most of the reports of the ceremonies of the Czar's corona- | George Augustus Sala :.’e':’,, °l.¢5u°‘ On Czar's Coronation. it was one| of the most resplendent spectacles the world had ever witnessed. The follow- | * modern | d | ing in The Star of June 21, 1883, how- ever, indicates that the magnificence was somewhat shoddy: “After looking at the fine parade made over the event by the English and French pictorial papers, and read- | ing the gorgeous descriptions furnished by correspondents present, it is a little disappointing to hear so experienced and cool-headed an authority as George Augustus Sala pronounce the Czar's coronation ceremonies and display a disgust! sham. The jewels were paste, he declares, or at least most | of them; the apparent gold was lac- | quered brass; the embroidered blazonry | nothing but the thinnest of tinsel, and the showy robes were cotton velvet of 1| the cheapest sort. The greater part of His personal presti this is doubtless true, and it is natural | enough. The greatest humbugs on |Indian Reform Bill to Test Baldwin’s Prestige BY A. G. GARDINER. LONDON, June 24—Never was the | world so full of alarms and excursions. | While Adolf Hitler’s latest thunderbolt s reverberating through Europe, while Chancellor Dollfuss’ struggle to save Austria from Nazi conquest is in the | balance, and while the World Economic | Conference awaits the arrival from | America of Raymond Moley to learn whether it is alive or dead, & new cloud has risen on the British horizon that involves the fate of the government and the fate of India. | Next Wednesday Stanley Baldwin | faces a Conservative party caucus to defend the government scheme of cen- tralized self-government in India. If the vote of the caucus goes sgainst him, the probability is that he will re- sign his leadership of the Conservative party and retire from the government. His retirement would involve the resig- nation of Prime Minister Ramsay Mac- | Donald, the break-up of the national | government and the reconstitution of | the cabinet, with the Conservative die- i hards in unchallenged control. i o~ { This would mean abandonment of | the Indian . policy -which the govern- ment, after prolonged sessions of the round-table conference, had adopted and which is now being embodied in a bill for presentation in Parliament at the next session. The policy goes far in_the direction of establishment of self-government in India, with reser- vations in renl:;d to finance, defense and external policy. Ever since the publication of the ‘White paper foreshadowing this plan for India, strong opposition has de- veloped in the ranks of the Conserva- tive party. Winston Churchill, whose exclusion from the national government has made him an embittered critic of its activities, has carried on a ceaseless crusade against its Indian policy and he has gathered around him the die- hard section of the Conservative party, which is prepared to go to all lengths to defeat the Indian measure. If this were all, the danger would | not be serious; but behind the active opposition there is a large element of honest doubt in the Conservative party as to the wisdom of so vast an e - ment in self-government. This | has taken the shape of hostile reso- lutions at representative gatherings of the party in all parts of the country. The Indian Defense League has been formed to oppose the scheme, and one of the leading members of the league is Rudyard Kipling, who is a cousin of Mr. Baldwin. The Conservative press is divided—the London Morning Post and the Beaverbrook Press voicing the- die-hard opposition, while the London ‘Times and London Daily Telegraph are supporting the policy of the govern- ment. ke Mr. Baldwin himself has nailed his colors to the mast in a most uncompro- mising fashion and so far has kept his parliamentary following, with ex- | ception of the Churchillites, ol t but unenthusiastic. His Conservative col- leagues in the government are also loyal. But the pressure of the outside opposition upon the parliamentary party grows increasingly menacing, and Wednesday's meeting of the Conserva- tive caucus brings the issue to a crisis. The gravity of the position is shown by the fact that the party organizers wish to avoid a straight vote for or against the Indian scheme and take refuge- in a resolution which, while ex- pressing no approval of a responsible government for India, consents to par- liamentary consideration of the White paper proposals. The die-hards, how- eve;,tare determined to force the issue and to propose a motfon rejecting Indian policy. i the If this motion is carried Mr. is not _compelled to resign. He might take the view that the guestion rests with Parliament. not outside or- ganizations. But it is im; that Mr. Baldwin will take this view, He has committed himself so ‘uncompro- misingly to Indian reform that he is unlikely to retain leadership of a party which publicly repudiates his policy. ige is so high that ements in the . the responsible el servative conditions are preity bad up there this| ceive little personal sympathy at the Yyear.” hands of those of his neighbors who A glance at the map prompts curi- | are immune to the afiction. But he | sel” have been under way for months. Feel I've seen enough of this press | i Fe | gallery in this basement. More jour-| The Government itself is Tendering | nalists and more facilities than I ever | yeoman service to business in carrying as the salvation of industry, if industry is to bring into line what Charles Schwab, chairman of the Bethlehem ! party wiil probably suve him | earth are its crowned heads, and their | from defeat and thep X\Bt!ol"l’ll l‘gvourn- coronaticn ceremonies are nonsense ment from dissolution. It iz cxperied pure and simple. Why should the dec- | that the die- Triumph of Science. Prom the Chicago Daily News. osity as to where in the Arctic Cap Bob may find “an area sbout which| lation and it follows that he is entitled virtually nothing is known.” The tire Northern Hemisphere seems to have at least a few men and women who better than did his Tepresents a large portion of the popu- Victory for science over parental pride is represented by the Indlana Univer- sity professor’s frank admission that a to social assistance. Surely there must be baby chimpanzee responded to training own infant son. knew existed. Think Il wander up out the new deal. In the Department toward the higher parts of this beau- of Commerce a co-ordinating unit of tiful building. the Bureau of Forelign and Domestic But it'’s not so beautiful. I mean, Commerce has been assigned to eollect 1t's not so esthetic. It's more just like | information concerning the activities Steel Corporation, has referred to as “those selfish interests which persist in unfair practices that are contrary to sound public policy and are ruinous to business.” (Copyright, 1033.) hard attack - orations be the genuine thing where | pulsed. but the formidable c:x‘ll“:‘ezr:‘ the central event itself is a hollow | the Conservative opposition bodes il sham? Does Mr. Sala expect to gather | for the prospects of the Indian reform figs from thorn dushes and grapes m)ml bill when it comes before Parliam brambles?”™ (Copyright. .1933.)