Evening Star Newspaper, June 25, 1933, Page 21

EDITORIAL SECTION he Sunday Star, — Part 2—10 Pages WASHIN NGTON, D. SUNDAY MORNING, JUNE 25, 19 SETBACK FOR CONFERENCE LAID TO AMERICAN POLICY British Economist Sees Steadied Ex- change, if Not Pegged Dollar, Essen- tial to Economic Program. proposals. For while it is certain that | if prices generally throughout the world are to be raised equally, currency sta- | bilization would be no impediment and | in many respects a help to American | recovery, it is elso true that if there is to be no general rise or a very unequal | one, a fixing of exchange rates m!gh!.‘ hamper America in raising its own| price level | The particular mixture of publicity and secrecy which aitended the central | bankers’ conversations increased the ef- | fect on the markets and on conference | psychology. For secrecy as to the sub- stance of their proposals, whether neces- sary or not, at once magnified the pub- licity given them and exaggerated the rumors as to their character. A more modest proposal, such as was incicated | above—an agreed mechanism to reduce | exchange fluctuations—might have re- | ceived acceptance and the clear an- | nouncement of its nature would then | Have calmed opinion. It may still not | be too late to return to such a course. But one thing is clear. It seems use- less to make any further attempt to| choose the rate for stsbilization until the position of the different countries as to monetary policy is cleared up. Identical Policy Unnecessary. The situation is cifficult but not im- possible. It is not essential that the policy should be identical for each country, but cnly that it should be known ‘and accepted. Supposing, for ex- ample, we had statements from the three key countries to the following effect: From President Roosevelt: “I am determined to use every method to raise American prices to the point which re- moves the present disparity between | costs and prices. In view of the extent to which adjustments of costs have been made and new contracts con-| cluded since 1928, this does not mean | an increase to the level of 1928, but. | for instance, to a level abcut half way between the present level and that one. | I do not intend to depreciate or devalue | the dollar exccpt if, and so far as, it is | necessary to do such for that objective. | And I am equally determined by every method to prevent inflation proceeding beyond that point.” From Mr. Chamberlain a statement to the effect that in agreement with the Bank of England he is aiming at| the same objective, or, failing that, a | different but declared level. And from the French delegation, | sufficiency, their belief that our meth- As France Sees It . Noted Economist Blames Debts for Poisoning the Franco-American Atmosphere. BY ANDRE SIEGFRIED, Author of “England's Crisis.” “America Comes of Age.”” Etc. | COMPLETE uncertainty reigns | over the relations between| France and the United States. The debts, disarmament, se- curity, not to mention the dol- lar, the London conference on tariffs— these are problems whose solution we must honestly admit we do not mow see, mor can we even imagne what may be the ultimate outcome. What is the real French opinion on all these matters? At the outset let me site an encour- | aging note: As far as we are con- cerned, we feel no ill will toward America. In 1926, when our franc seemed to be melting away and when the Americans invaded Paris peace- fully yith a dollar which could buy up everything in sight, we were slightly annoyed by these joyous conquerors who were utterly unconscious of the | bitterness they were causing. But times have changed and the shoe is on thz| other foot. At about this same time, when the “professors of prosperity” from New York and Chicago demonstrated to us ex cathedra, with an unbelievable self: ods of work did not count for any- |way of looking at the root of English, who did make this gesture, discouraged us. It thus would be more difficult to obtain from the Chamber of Deputies today this gesture which | they refused to make last December. The truth is that France has only one this whole controversy. The Hoover mor- atorium, launched without consultation with us on a plan for concerted action, had the effect of stopping for all time the payment of German reparations. We, therefore, do not consider our- selves debtors any longer. President Hoover killed the reparations. Why does American opinion not appreciate that the interallied debts were killed at the same time? French opinion today would accept without doubt a reduction of the payments, correspond- ing to what was decided at Lausanne, this reduction theoretically to be charged up to Germany. But any other solution would seem unjust and unac- | eptable to a Frenchman. to make from the righteousness of our general attitude. There is not the least sign, as I write, which would lead us to suppose | that there has been any change in this position. President Roosevelt, who has shown himself to be very broadminded, hoped to secure full authority to nego- tiate with us, but this he has not at- tained, so that the House of Represen- tatives and the Senate still have the last word We know what that means, and it would be imprudent for us to harbor any illuslons, despite the evident good will of the White House. Linking of Issues Deplored. The fact that the American thesis links together the questions of debts and disarmament has done nothing but complicate the discussion even more than before. international compacts negotiated by him are not valid. This we have learned at last after | several sad experiences—but it has been | learned too late, and many of our FATE OF TRADE CONTROL POLICY IN PUBLIC’S HANDS Drastic Change in Revokable at W | American Methods ill of Congress or President. BY MARK SULLIVAN. | | HE regime upon which American business entered last Monday can be looked upon in either of two yays. It can be con- sidered a temporary adaptation to an emergency, to be ended when the emergency is over—or it can be regard- ed as a permanent entrance of gov- ernment upon regulation of business. For support of the first point of view, there is proof (and comfort for those suspicious of the innovation) in | the fact that the industrial control bill, by a provision written into it at the beginning, comes to an end on June 15, 1935, two years from the date of its enactment. This time limitation is shortened and accentuated by a further provision written into the bill while in the Senate. The most drastic detail President or his agents to require a business to take out a license and em- powers the President to revoke the license—which means, of course, power | of business life or death. In the Sen- ate, the time limit of this particular provision was reduced to one year, and this stands in the measure as finally cnacted. Time Limitation Important. This time limitation is important. of the bill is that which authorizes the | | cease to exist, at the end of two years after the date of enactment of this act, or sooner if the President shall by proclamation, or the Congress shall by Joint resolution declare, that the emer- gency * * * has ended.” Contrel Can Be Abolished. The President. it will be observed, has power to abolish the control of industry even before two years are up, by proclamation that the emergency (which is business depression) has ended. Now let us speculate about the President’s state of mind two years from now or before. Two years from the date of enactment of this bill, June 15, 1935, will be sufficiently close to the presidential year 1936 to cause that condition to be in the minds both of the President and of the other Demo- cratic party leaders. Or we may omit | the nearness of a presidential year, and speculate on what would naturally be | the President’s state of mind at any | time during the coming two years Which of two alternatives would he most enjoy? One would be to say, in effect, “The business depression is still upon us. and for that reason and others I ask Congress to renew the control | of industry law.” Or would he prefer, | some time during the coming two years, | political men have not yet been per-| The licensing feature comes to an end to say in effect. partly in words and suaded that this is so. | in one year, and the whole of the ma- partly in the spirit of the words: “The In the last analysis, every treaty is|chinery for industrial control in two | depression from which the country has made by the Senate with the approva’ of American public opinion. But this does not tell the whole story, for in- cluded in the Senate are, above all, a large number of reactionaries, whc | are controlled by the public opinion of | the Middle West and the West. { The second reason has played a de- cisive role ever since the war. Popular American opinion 1s hostile toward any compromising with European poli- tics. We first became aware of this during the discussion of the question of adherence to the League of N: tions, and the same reluctance was shown over joining the Court of Inter- national Justice. A certain elite few hoped that America would prontise to remain neutral toward an aggressor nation, especially after the signing of the Kellogg pact. But we also see the restrictions with which a Norman | | Davis surrounds the aspirations of | present state of mind of the admin- | | these proposals. To us disarmament and security are inseparable, disarmament being only possible as the result of security. What | Future Help Doubted. ‘Wisdom prompts us not to envisage years. The end comes by automatic limitation. If the President wishes the system continued he must ask Con- gress to re-emact it. The Congress which will pass upon the request will be not the present one but a new one—the whole of the House and one- third of the Senate, 32, will be chosen in congressional elections next year, 934 | Whether the President or any one | else will wish renewal of the bill in | June, 1935, and whether Congress will be willing to renew it, depends on how the country feels at that time. Two years will have brought changes that no one can guess. _Presumably the country should be well into a new up- ward spiral of business. If this is true, | and if it is thought the Tevival is ir | part due to operation of this law, there may be disposition to renew it. istrators of the bill is suggested by a rematk one of them made to the writer of this article: “I don't know— it is just possible we may learn some- The | suffered greatly is now over; the im- plication of my campaign song is ful- | filled, ‘Happy Days Are Here Again,’ | I therefore proclaim, in accordance with the control of industry law, that the emergency for which that law was en- acted is now at an end; and that the |law, and all the agencies set up under it, shall forthwith cease to exist.” Permanent Change Doubted. It would be revolutionary indeed if the American spirit should really desire | that the control of industry, put in effect last week, should be a permanent | thing. As a measure for war against | depression it has the merit and com- mands the loyalty of any well-designed | war-time innovation. But as a per- | manent feature of the American social |system, it would reflect not the old American spirit but something so dif- ferent that “revolutionary” would be & tame word for it. One can illustrate by beginning with 8 quotation from a man once gre: esteemed in America, a philosophcr | can we reasonably expect from the as at all probable any help from | thing from the operation of this bill United States in this regard? Direct- | America, even if the greatest right which the country may want to keep, ly following the war the United States was on our side. A century old tra- but I don't know. What we want the | did not sign either the security pact|dition is at work, not against us, but | bill for now is recovery.” proposed by Clemenceau, or the treaty |against any appeal that the old con- Varled Niows of Patics. that it would be happy to see a gen. | ting. we could not hide our impatience.| Sees Ameriza Holding Back. 3 : . eral rise in world pric ;| The deprescion has answered these “pro= |, '\ : B Nt directing monetars’ peticy tongry | {essors” in a rather peremptory fashion | At this point we must not delude our an increase of French prices. | and they are not talked about any more, | sclves. American opinion makes no | but we did retain from them certan move to meet us half way. From the named Ralph Waldo Emerson. ‘“Let man,” said Emerson—I quote 3 memory—*“devise a better mouse tro- than any other, and the world w m: " of Versailles, or the pact forming the ake a path to his door. BY SIR ARTHUR SALTER. Economic Conference this week has suffered a serious setback principal cause was outside the confer- ence itself and arose out of America’s velt was still strongly supporting the conference. The first memorandum tions among the heads of the central banks were at first understood to give memorandum has been withdrawn and replaced after a statement by Senator the bankers' proposals and indicated that in its view even temporary stabili- a slump in Wall Street, and each fall by bull speculation. These movements in depreciated and perhaps continuing to depreciate for a long period. much talk of adjournment. For tariff negotiations, resumption of foreign Vvalues. The bankers’ conversations were in ties could co-operate in reducing un-| necessary exchange fluciuations and | authorities on each side of the Atlantic | could be in daily contact and secret mitted to any specific rate. Action of | this kind would have had a ca'ming Tates, however, presented great diffi- | culties because the right rates must be Tatio between any two exchanges de- | pends in the last resort upon relative | estimated v2tl it is known approxi- matcly how far present market prices yrm‘br' f British Economic Advisory Coun- equal in importance to the en- position and policy. regarding tariffs, circulated at the re- good prospects of an agreement tending Pittman _disclosing serious differences Eation of exchanges is untimely now. the securities markets seemed to reflect Conversations Unfortunate. lending and the whole question, of pri- some Tespects unfortunate. It was counteracting the impact of purely consultation, and do much to iron out effect on the exchanges and the muod; dependent upon future monetary policy price leyels in the two tountries, and | will be raiced in America and Great Could Turn to Other Topics. The immediate result of such state- ments would be that the exchange rates | on the market would begin to get closer | to the true values of currencies, the | experts would have elements upon | Wwhich they could calculate more closely | the true rates and the way would grad- | ually be cleared for a provisional stabi- | lization which would not jmpede any | g;flantry‘sldefl‘;);ts rorl internal recovery | ‘woul mense! - ration of world trade. e If this is impossible, stabilization in | the near future is also impossible; it | lessons which they long since have dis- - ] carded and we find ourselves defending MOment that America decided that the |debts and reparations were not de- rs against themselves! e prl e |pendent on each other our process’ of Discuss Issue Without Anger. | reasoning could mnot appeal to her. little | New York, which looks at the matter ve:fn;m{f. h&s!bere;“ifl);: eb':::,te:n ]u,c‘ rom the point of view of intelligent United States andf France, it can be | Self-interest, would like to wipe the truly said that on our side it has beea |Slate clean, but the great mass of | entirely eliminated. We can discuss America looks upon our attitude as a matters without anger; we can talk not | dishonorable default. Let us add that only with a superficial courtesy, but in |8 large number of very subtle moralists all *friendliness. But, unhappily, in | Claim that if the French pay America spite of this no good seems to resul:. the Prench will no longer have the flair of the debts, if the French money to arm themselves to the teeth L e bt t and thus to become a menace to the | no doubt, to a very deeply ingrained | tinent might make to the new—and a League of Nations. America rebelled | veto from some obscure Senator, in against these proposals which expressed | the event of an even division of the the community of interests of the two | members of the Senate, would suffice to continents. This attitude was due, iput a stop to any such projects. | _If this discussion is swept bare of its | illusions, what remains—and upon this |fact I cannot insist too strongly—is | that since the war the question of the feeling against entangling alliances, which I understand perfectly. We have been told that the coming | into power of the Democrats will bring | debts and that question alone has of “Recovery—A Second Attempt.” LO couraging forward impetus it re- The war debt negotiations were taken quest of Secretary of State Hull, pointed to reduce fluctuation of exchange. within the American delegation; and At first each rise or prospect of sta- the belief in America that America ro- The prospects of the conference were vate international indebtedness’ all de- right they should agree upon the mech- | temporary and speculative factors. the more violent fluctuations, feeling of the conference. in regard to raising prics, on which the the future rate between the dol- | L will have to wait until the actual course | NDON, June 24—The World ceived last week. In both cases the as an indication that President Roose- in the same direction. The conversa- But since then the original tariff the American Government has rejected bilization of the dollar was attended by covery must depend on the dollar being adversely affected and there was even pend on known and stable currency anism by which the currency authori- | ‘With such a mechanism the currency their way as they went and not com- An attempt to fix and peg the actual | discuscions have only begun. The right | jar and pound cannot, therefore, be The present market rates represent Of future prices in the different coun- not present prices, but an anticipation | tries will be known—that is, for many that the American price level will be | months. | raised much more than the British. The| In that case the world conference | fact is, when these two governments| Would be confined to discussing ques- say in almost identical terms that they | tions which are not dependent on sta- intend to pursue a policy of controlled ' bilization or to attempting to reach reflation—that is, increase prices by de- | agreements which must be conditioned liberate monetary and economic meas- | upon or be adapted to later rates of ures until the disparity between prices | stabilization. That would greatly re- | and costs is removed—the public be- | strict its work. But even in that case | lieves America will do much more than | there is much that can usefully be it says and that Great Britain will do | done. Even in this, the worst, alternative | much less. an :g‘eemex;t ought 'L,o be renchfid upon | 2 | conditions for a return to the gold See Higher Level As Aim. | standard and the reforms which will b The public believes President Roose- | necessary to make that standard work velt is aiming at a higher level than | Neville Chamberlain, British chancellor | of the exchequer, and that he may not be able to stop even when he| wants to stop. It believes that Mr. Chamberlain not only has a lower level in mind, but that he may not attach to even that level, the Bank of Eng- | land being suspected of having & more | tinguish between the better and worse.| PIying liquor to sm | forms of tariffs and upon changes in’| Swedish and Finnish coasts. deflationist outlook. It is this uncertainty regarding mon- etary policy which explains the main events of this week, the fall in the dol- lar corresponding to movements in Wall | Street and the President’s reaction to satisfactorily. The present progress of the discus- ment in this sphere. As regards tariffs, no actual new rates can be negotiated | without currency stabilization, but the | way for future reform can be prepared | by agreeing upon the criteria to dis- the use of the most-favored-nation clause. which will tend to help a down- | ward movement in tariffs. | (Copyright, 1933. by North American News- | P | | British Aim to Save Working Hours By Cutting Down Daily Tea Time LONDON. — While many business houses here are trying to cut down the daily tea-time interval in the interests of efficiency, the nation’s lawmakers favor teas more than any other meal when Parliament is in session. Accord- ing to a return made by the Kitchen Committee of the House of Commons the number of teas served during the 144 days Parllament was in session in 1932 was 83,943, compared with 41,009 ners, 21.517 lunches, 946 suppers and als at the bars on the premises. ge. an affair of cookies and a small of the refreshing beverage. It has been found that many members of the House of Lords regale themselves with bread and jam and liberal slicss of and a large number of Labor bers of the House of Commons who dinners every day make itute. th of England the jhlgh y a supper meal. Cockneys | describe such a repast as a tea” or & “knife and fork tea.’ consist of botled, poached or scrambled | eggs, sausages, cold meat or fish. It was due to pressure from Labor mem- bers that “high teas” were made pos- sible in the parliamentary precincts. “Bar meals” at Westminster generally consist of sandwiches, cold sausages or hard-boiled eggs and beer. For the equivalent of 25 cents it is possible to obtain a substantial “feed” and a glass of ale. One of the bars is only a few vards away from the entrance to the lobby of the House. In the business world efforts are being made to circumscribe the length of the customary afternoon tea inter- val because many employes also have acquired the habit of taking a cup of | tea between 10 and 11 in the morning. | Besides an hour for lunch, thousands of clerks and stenographers have been pre-empting another 20 or 30 minutes of the working day for coffee and tea. (Copyright. 1933.) tea fany Americans Eligible to Joi n “(hevaliers de Hastings” Order exclusive Chevaliers de a few months a short time ild be held in of the depres- 1ght protests from French membe o pointed out that an English group of descendants of William the Conqui ‘s knights was ready to go ahead and might seize con- trol of the society In order to claim active membership an applicant must be able to furnish documentary proof of direct descent from one of the knights who fought under the Conqueror at Hastings. Descendants are scattered all over the world and belong to all nationalities, Americans figuring among the number to the extent of about 25 per cent, it 15 estimated One great difficulty the organizers have had to face is that of drawing up an accurate roster of the Conqueror’s knights. The so-called “Battle Abbey” roll. different versions of which have been preserved, appears to have con- an a definite basis w ¢ had been C #go that the sche until the entitled to figure in it. the assumption being that tie monks who compiled the roll were induc:d for a consideration to interpolate the names of later arri- vals who desired to associate themselves with the aristocracy of the conquest. 1t was at the 900th anniversary cele- bration of William'’s birth at Falaise, in 1927, that the decision was reached to found a society. A committee of dis- tinguished genealogists set about com- piling a roster of the Congueror's knights, and succeeded in establishing | government had only begun to negotiaie sooner they might have secured a ma- jority in the Chamber of Deputies to| back the proposal to pay the December | 15 installment in cash; but in doing this they would have considered it sim- | ply as a courteous gesture destined u precede any negotiation for liquidation. ‘The obstinate attitude' shown in the American Government's response to the peace of the worldi—ang this feeling is strong enough to ordain the continu- ance of this inexorable attitude by America. This last argument is the one I eard most often in the United States and the one which, I must say, wounded me personally more than any other. It seemed like an inadmissible deduction a change in this attitude. There is perhaps manifest a greater desire tc understand and to co-operate than there was under the Coolidge and Hoover regimes; and there is certainly | a sincere wish among a large con- tingent to do their duty internationally. Nevertheless, and principally because I have read the speeches of Mn Nor- man Davis at Geneva, I remain skep- tical—for two gflnclpnl reasons. The first is that the Constitution of the United States, drafted 150 years ago for a country which desired no foreign policy, does not give any real diplomatic powers to the Executive. so that any ‘pgiwned the PFranco-American atmos- | phere. If these debts should be liquidated— either masterfully, capably or badly— the venom would be absorbed, and cur relationships would again . become serene, friendly and expansive. For outside of this thorny quarrel nothing should ever separate us. Thinking of an ultimate denouement, I cannot | help recalling the pathetic appeal, though an appeal full of political wis- dom, of Gambetta, when, in speaking on the pardon of the prisoners of the commune, he said: “Let us get rid of 1this old nag of a Civil War.” Claim Rum Vessels Corry B T8 IN POLISH CORRIDOR ROW STOCKHOLM, Sweden—The Swed- | sions indicates a fair prospect of agree- ish and Finnish customs authorities have failed to receive satisfactory re- plies to thelr protests against what they charge to be an_indiscriminate | use of the British flag by vessels sup- lers along the The Baltic countries whose flags formerly were used by rum row ships have agreed to allow customs represent- atives to board and search vessels fly- ing their flags beyond territorial limits | when it can be shown that those ves- sels were engaging in illicit traffic. | ‘The British government stanchly re- | | fuses to grant any such privileges to | the Finnish and Swedish customs de- | partments. with the result that, a num- ber of rum-laden boats lying in_ the | Gulf of Finland have changed their colors. | At this moment three ships in the Finnish rum row. Merina, Atlantica and | St. Peter, are flying the British flag, while another, Anna V, in the Guif of | Bothnia, and a German ship, Gebrueder Brake. which at present is reported on the way to the rum row, also show the Union Jack. The_total_cargoes under the protec- | tion of the British flag are estimated at approximately 100,000 gallons of alcohol. (Copyright, 1933.) Planes in Hawaii Prove | question realistically. Loyalty to Reich by Predominant Ger- man Population and Polish Sentiment Keep Troubles Alive for All Europe. l attention forcibly to one detail | siruct their own harbor of Gdynia, 10 in the mnotorious Corridor set-|mjles west of Danzig and on their own tlement of the Paris Peace Conference |soil, At the same time, with French vhich clearly requires revision, once “'.h(‘]p. they constructed a railway from is possible to discuss the Polo-German | the upper Silesian coal regions straight /. At this point it to the sea, traversing the actual cor- is plain that the basic conception of the | ridor—and materially shorter than the treaty of Versailles has broken down|old line to Danzig. and as a consequence a situation in-| With the completion of this railway, tolerable in itself and a permanent which is now in the process of double- menace to peace as well has resulted. tracking, and with the opening of the When the treaty of Versailles was harbor of Gdynia, the Poles at last ac- made the Danzig decision was founded | quired a port of their own, today one of upon the thirteenth of Wilson's 14 | the best equipped upon the Baltic. points—the one which assured Poland | Concomitantly they established a city BY FRANK H. SIMONDS. most succeeded in preventing the ship- sig, | MENt Of arms to the hard-pressed Poles HE recent election in Danzig | ang delayed the delivery of munitions | marked as it was by stll|yhich were sorely needed. As a conse- another “Nazi” triumph, calls| guence the Poles set to work to con- | access to the sea. At that moment there was no other means for Poland | to communicate by water with the ! outside world except through the port | | of Danzig, the historic seagate of the whole Vistula region. For three cen- of 40,000 inhabitants where a decade ago there was only a tiny fishing ham- let of a few hundred inhabitants. And with the creation of Gdynia the last reason for any Polish control over Danzig vanished. DANZIG REAL DANGER POINT! Canada Shows Increase ! In Electric Energy Used OTTAWA, Ontario—The amount of electric energy used in Canada, includ- ing all line losses, increased from 15.- 103,831,000 kilowatt-hours in 1931 to 15,347,318,000 kilowatt-hours in 1932, or by 343,387,000 kilowatt-hours, or 1.6 per cenf ‘The siguificance of this improvement is more lpfi:rent when comparisons are made of the coal consumption during 1931 and 1932. The hituminous and lig- nite coal available for consumption in 1931 was 22,237,000 tons and in 1932 19,973,000 tons, which was a decrease in 1932 of 2,264,000 tons, or 10.2 per cent. Of course, all this coal was not used for | power purposes, but it is quite probable | that the coal used for heating buildings | showed a smaller rate of decrease than the coal used for power. It is also probable that, aside from | the increased use of electricity for do- | mestic purposes, there was an increased | switch from steam to electric drive and also an increased use of surplus power “for producing steam. In 1931 electric boilers in the pulp and paper industry, having « total rated capacity of 883,450 | kilowatts, used 2.032,283.000 kilowatt- hours purchased from central electric stations, (Copyright, 1933.) Hawaii Seeks Lawu To Jail Sto One Would say, as a summary of the state of mind of those most impor- tantly associated - with the measure, that they conceive it wholly as an emergency device for recovery. It should be added that some associated with authorship of the bill have the other “slant.” They believe in either the cartel form of organization of industry familiar in some European countries, or they believe in one de- gree or another of state collectivism, |and they wish this present American | experiment might become permanent. If the new regime be regarded as temporary, there is analogy to it (and again, comfort for the uneasy and sus- picious) in the control which the Gov- ernment exercised over industry dur- ing the war. The present control bill was in part modeled after the wartime one (though the present one is less drastic). The chief administrator of the present bill, Gen. Hugh S. John- son (an Army officer with business ex- perience), was one of the principal administrators of the wartime control of industry. During the war, the dras- tic power to require individual business to conform was exercised only twice. | At the close of the- war the whole | mechanism of control was ended and | scrapped. Probably it is the safest | assumption that the same step will be | taken at the end of the present war against depression. New Theory for America. A complete record of current thought must add that there are some who feel that something new and revolu- tionary has come into the world with this depression; that a new social order, or at least a modified one, is on the way; that this Government control of industry is a part of it; and that it, or some of it, or even an am- plification of it, will remain after the statutory limitation June 15, 1935. As to this we can only wait and see. It is .a fact that the administrators of this or any other mechanism can so manage it as to promote either end- ing of it in two years or permanent retention of it. So far as Gen. John- son is concerned, one would infer from everything about him that he would direct the mechanism with thought only for the emergency. The preponderant evidence about the | government control of industry which began last week, and the shrewdest judgment from all the circumstances, is that it is meant to be emergency only; that it is meant to come to an end, and will end, at the time of the Now let us consider what would h pen to this mouse-trap Edison, or mouse-trap Henry Ford, if the contrc - of-industry bill were a permanent fer- ture of American Government and tk American social system. In stating t: hypothesis, one runs some risk of ur fairness, for the characteristic of the bill is that enormous powers are grant- ed, while it is impossible to say to what extent the powers would be exer- cised in respect to any particular in- dustry. But let us suppose a man in a New England village devises a better mouse trap (or a better hairpin or a better | steam_engine, or a' better lead pencil,” or a better electric dynamo). He as. sembles some workmen and he pa; the neighborhood rate of wages; since. the demand (so Emerson assures us) will be great. he works his factory more hours than 40 a week; and he sells .the new mouse trap at a lower price than makers of older and mor cumbersome ones can afford to sell at. Promptly, we will assume—since Emer- sognbnssurex us it is so—the world comes uy. Discipline Is Provided. Under some of the powers conferred by the control-of-industry bill, this benefactor of mankind ' (as Emerson assures us he is) may encounter the disciplinary attention of the Federal Government in any of several ways. He may be required to raise his wages to .hose paid by his competitors in large cities; he may be required to Teduce his hours of labor, or, he may be told he must not sell his mouse trap at a lower price than others. Or, most conspicuous of all, he may be told that the National Association of Mouse Trap Manufacturers has adopted a code, and that the Govern- ment has approved the code. In this code the mouse trap manufacturers have decreed that all the current orders for mouse traps must be pro-rated equitably among all those engaged in | the business. And if the Emersonian | benefactor of the world declines to | abidc by any of these various regula- | tions the Government is empowered to ‘tue;ll him he must close down his fac- Ty. One wonders what American public | opinion would do about that? Or an | American jury in a lawsuit? As an | emergency measure in a war against depression. they might sustain it. As a permanent measure in normal times, hardly. And presumably, if Emerson is right, | the people, the world making a path | to the mouse-trap maker’s door, would take a good deal of interest in the ;}o\grnment‘s suppression of the bene= actor. statutory limitation set out in the bill, | June 15, . Indeed it may end earlier, for the time limitation reads: “Shall cease to be in effect, and any agencies established hereunder shall (Copyright, 1933.) | turies before the second partition of | The inhabitants of Danzig, as was | | an | of the planes made the outward flight, | | Poland, too, Danzig, while a purely | natural, bitterly opposing the creation | German town, had been included | of Gdynia, appealed to the League to | | within Polish frontiers and had been :grcr;‘?:llvt]he Poles to use thelr own clty | | contented and prosperous, possessing its ely. ey saw correctly that, Ho;lm;gug._ Jlalau;}il:’ahfi‘ng:r:;ré own municipal autonomy. although in the immediate post-war record made by 30 naval airplanes and | 1, et ‘ag late as 1815, when Poland | Period the commerce of Danzig.—meas- S enen Teimate. Shoals. 500 | Was finally extinguished with the de-|Ured by tonnage of ships using the R i is regarded as | Struction “of the short-lived grand | Port—had enormously increased, the m e.:n?;;{;ni:n evr:r:mn thf Setonss | duchy of Warsaw, the people of Danzig | town was henceforth at the mercy of Value of Frigate Shoals HONOLULU, Hawaii—Beset by a plague of stowaways which is adding a | new and sinister element to the scores | of men “on the beach” in Honolulu, Hawali plans to enact a law which will permit the arrest and detention of such persons when they arrive in Hono- lulu. “On the beach,” is the widespread South Sea term for unemployed sailors | and water fronters. Ordinarily there are | : oy or ey in Prussia | the Poles, who could use Gdynia and structure of the Hawatlan Islands. ~All | Bictestes, against inclusion in Prussa, | o pring "p0ut e Y Ot arai land, then transferred to Russia as the | SO far this has not taken place, but in | socalied Cougrems state. B wae & | TO0S6i Sews, while ihe foorage of sumed in 1919, therefore, that Danzig | Danzig has remained stationary, that of | would once more reconcile itself easily | Gd¥nia has grown by leaps and bounds. | to Polish assoclation, as it had in the | Demands Favor Germany. | with landing, the mooring and the re- turn flight in fast time and returned in first-class condition. Hawali, which is regarded as the “de- only a few of these in Honolulu, But | during the last few months large num- bers have come from the mainland, some working their way here, others arriving as stowaways. There are no laws in Hawail now Three Years Without Work Threaten To Doom Picturesque Canal Bargemen For the third straight year the vet- trucks have {aken away a good part eran captains of river barges moored in | Of Tt:ei; b:lstlgeism o | e fact a ere has been no ac- the slip at the New York State Canal| jive movement of grain between Canada Terminal, Pier 6, East River, have seen | and New York in the last three years Spring come and go without any offers | has hurt the barge captains. but when of cargo for transportation to or from the | ¢ORditions improve in the future it is North and Northwest. Unless conditions | it grain ever. o ‘g i O NE fense outpost of the Pacific coast,” now has its own outpost for airplanes far outside the immediate island waters. The northwest shoals, American _terri- tory, can now be regarded as an advance post for the Hawaiian coasts The flight was under the command of Comdr. E. W. Todd, naval air chief | here. and the round trip required ap- proximately 15 hours in the air. (Copyright, 19:1:5.) Complainant in Theft Seized With Umbrella | a list of 315, whose names are now on | a bronze tablet in the Falaise chateau. More names may be added if sufficient proofs can be found, but at present the active membership of the society will be restricted to those who can prove descent from one of these 315 knights. (Copyright. 1933.) A Grade Crossing Dilemma. From the Lincoln State Journal That new 90 miles an hour train will present a new problem to 70 miles an hour motor car drivers. How will they be able to meet it at tite crossing un- many names which were not.less they start earlier! ROME, Italy—Maria Luigia Carne- | | vale of Cassino was so_eloquent in a court hearing there in her defense of | property rights and her attack on crimes | | against” property. that the charge she | had brought against a neighbor, Elisz | de Pastena. of stealing a sheet, was sus- | tained by the court and Elisa was sen- tenced to six months' imprisonment But when Elisa’s attorney looked for his umbrella on his way out of the court room he couldn't find it, and it was only when he was on his way home that he | happened to see it—under the arm of the eloquent Maria. She is being held ‘pendms trial (Copyright, 1983.) past. | This assumption, however, totally ig- noged the progress of the sentiment of nationality in the hundred years fol- lowing the Congress of Vienna. From the new start the people of Danzig bitterly resented separation from Prus- sia. Nor did the fact that the city and its environs were erected into a free state, administered by a high commis- sioner appointed by the League and governed by a local Senate, lessen the opposition. For Danzig felt itself a German city, its population was almost wholly Teutonic, and quite justly saw its right of self-determination violated. | Paris Plan Works Badly. For 15 years, therefore, the Paris lan has worked badly. To insure the oles against any domestic interfer- ence the railways were placed in their hands. Portions of the harbor, includ- ing the Westeplatte, between the Baltic and the curving stream leadng to the city wharves, were placed under Polish control. As a consequence consider- able numbers of Poles were necessarily brought into the town, and friction and | even violent collision’ have been con- | stant, producing repeated appeal to| Geneva. i In 1920, when the bolshevists in-| vaded Poland, the people of Danzig al- ! | German rule. Today the people of Danzig demand not merely that they shall be reunited with the Reich, but also that the whole Corridor shall similarly be returned to This, they believe, would insure the immediate abandonment of Gdynia and the restoration of Danzig as the sole outlet of Poland on the sea. Obviously while such demands continue no settlement is conceivable, because the Poles will not abandon the Corridor save after war and they have sunk many miilions in the harbor and railway con- structions necessary to establish Gdynia. On the other hand, it is plain that no valid reason longer exists for the per- | petuation of the Danzig Free State and none for the present inclusion of that area within Polish customs limits. By simply moving the present railway bridge at Tchew five miles down the river, Danzig could be joined di- rectly with East Prussia and restoration of German rule would not deprive Po- land of a foot of its national soil. Some 350,000 Germans would thus recover their German nationality and an open sore would be abolished. Concomitantly certain injustices in the drawing of the frontier, notably that hich bestowed upon the Poles the dikes n_the Prussian bank istula_be " (Continued on that can hold arriving stowaways in jail or compel them to return. The terri- torial Legislature now in session has in process of passage a law that will allow the local police to send stowaways to jail, and the steamship companies have agreed to take them back to the coast without charge. Scme of these stow- 2ways have long jail records and many others are professional hoboes, (Copyright Only 7,949 Foreiéners Are Residents of Rome 3.) ROME, Italy.—There are only 7,949 foreigners living in Rome cut of & total population of 1,053,284, or seven-tenths of 1 per cent, according to figures pub- lished here. "Of these, 439 are Ameri- cans, who constitute 552 per cent of the foreigners resident in the city. The large numbers of foreign stu- dents, both lay and religious, are re- | flected in the information that 5,779, or | 72 per cent of the foreign residents, are | single. The 4,145 women compose 52. | per cent of the total compared with 3,804 r'zenL constituting 47.8 per cent of the (Ml‘ right, 1933.) 2 | money they have saved to buy necessi- change quickly for the better, officials of shipping companies here are of the | opinion that the canal boats, a romantic phase of New York life, will shortly dis- | appear, a victim of shifting economic conditions. New Yorkers have long been familiar | with the barges, carrying commodities between here and Canada. the Great , the Finger Lakes, Lake Cham- | plain and Onieda Lake. | These old-time sailors have often been | pointed out as one of the most pic- turesque groups in the metropolis. Prior to 1929, their last active year, | they passed their Winters, from Novem- | ber to March, moored at the Pier 6 ter- | minal and traveled during the warmer months up and down the Hudson River and State canals, as business required. In November, 1929, more than 25 | barges tied up at Pler 6. The Spring of 1930 offered them few cargoes. Since | that time not more than 10 of the boats have moved from the pier at South street, foot of Coenties Slip. Standing | idle for more than three years, most of | the captains, who are independent barge owners, have already spent the little | ties for their families. | , Shipping officials give many reasons | | for the inactivity of these individual barge owners, motor these men. Newer and bigger 3 capable of carrying 20,000 tons, and manned by a crew of modern-day sail- ors, are also standing idle and are ready to compete with the old barges, which have a capacity of 8,000 tons. In the eyes of New Yorkers, most glamorous items in the lives of the old barge men, besides the fact that they live with their families in neat homes uilt inside the hatches of their vessels, are that they are hard-working, harde swearing and hard-drinking river meng that their children have special passes from the Governor’s office in Albany allowing them to attend school at any city or town where their father’s barge happens to be tied up, and that they lead a vagabond's life. Before the Bowling Green Neighbor- hood Association, at 107 Washington street, closed this year due to lack of funds, officials there knew the barge people well. Several times each year the association held “socials” for the barge families. But they were never able really to make friends with them. They could not break down their reti- cence. The majority of the barge cap=~ tains and their wives are French Can: dians. Some are American citizens, They were always clannish and to this day they Jesent help from outsideza.