Evening Star Newspaper, March 23, 1933, Page 11

CEE NS FAVE ND TRBAL GHEFS Northern Canadian Groups Live Without Any’Form of Government. A people who have no government were described to the Anthropological Soclety of Washington last night by Rev. Dr. John M. Cooper, professor of anthropology at Catholic University. These are the Cree and other North- ern Algonquin Indian groups who in- habit the area around James Bay in Northern Canada, among whom/ Dr. Cooper has spent several Summers. They have no chiefs, he said. Some individuals designated as “chief” only act as liaison officers between the In- dians and the fur-trading stations, but they have no authority. The social unit among these people, Dr. Cooper said, is the family. Each family has a designated area for a hunting ground which is respected by all the others. The nearest approach to “government” is when the heads of & few families get together for some special reason and decide on some group policy, but they have no authority for enforcing their decisions, Preserved Animals. ‘This anarchistic society succeeds ad- mirably, Dr. Cooper said. and it is only in the southern part of the territory where the pressure of the fur-trading companies is bringing about a more | communistic arrangement that the morale of the Indians is breaking down. The ‘‘communism,” he said, consists merely in breaking down the family hunting ground system and allowing in- dividuals to hunt as they please through the whole territory. Under the old system, he said, the Indians kept close track of the haunts and numbers of fur-bearing animals. If they found one vari getting scarce, they would not kill it for a period until it had a chance to become re-estah-|=— lished. The families themselves de- clared and kept off-seasons and prac- ticed what was tantamount to a rota- tion of crops. It was to each family’s advantage, he pointed out, to keep up the game supply on its own area. Under the communistic system no- body will spare a fur animal, because he knows that the next hunter who comes along will kill it. The economic salvation of the people, Father Cooper belleves, depends largely on checking this new communistic tendency. Practices of Magic. ‘With no government, he pointed out, | there is no patriotism. Each family looks out only for its own humting ground. Inheritance rights to these tracts are rigidly respected, he sald, and one of them remains in a single family for generations. There are even in- stances of widows owning and operating alone large hunting areas without any interference. Colorful magical practices of these ! Indians were described by Father Cooper. | Among these are the various ceremonies used to “call the north wind” late in the Winter when it is desirable to have President Uses ‘Chit’ Office Pads For Communicating Economy in Practice and Newspaper Men Get View of How It Works, By the Associated Press. President Roosevelt uses the “chit” extensively for communicating with his cabinet members, “Chit” is a British term for memo- randum. Mr. Roosev it yesterday at his had in his desk \wer 8 series of pads, each with a cabinet member’s name at the top. On informal matters the Chief Executive scrawls a few words on the pad and sends a mes- senger with the AUR. Mr. Roosevelt laughed as he ob- served it was an inexpensive system of communication. He added that he had used it in calling Attorney General Cummings’ attention to a newspaper article which speculated on the possibility of release ;r ngeul prisoners sentenced for seil- ng_beer. e President sald he had merely asked the Attorney Genergj to look into the matter. INSURANCE RATE RAISED Increases Announced by Three Con- necticut Companies. HARTFORD, Conn., March 23 (#).— Increases of from 2 to 5 per cent in the rates of ordinary lfe insurance were announced yesterday by three Connecticut stock life companies—the Travelers, the Aetna and the Con- necticut General. The new rates will become effective April 1. Frazar B. Wilde, vice president of the Connecticut General, said the changes affect only the guaranteed cost or non-participating rates and are principally confined to the middle age brackets. & heavy crust on the snow. One way 1s to strip a small child naked and have it run around in the snow as an invi- tation to the wind spirit. 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