Evening Star Newspaper, March 12, 1933, Page 63

1871- New EUROPEAN DIPLOMATIC HISTORY. 1932. By Raymond James Sontag. York: The Century Co. HE word diplomacy has come to have a sinister sound to many ears. The results of diplomacy are so often known . only after the war, when all the blue, orange, red and other tinted pamph- Jets are published. The first of Wood- row Wilton’s 14 points has not met with general acceplance, nor is it certain that it would be productive of universally bencfizial results if it were accepted. It is an idezl: “Open covenants of peace, cpenly arrived at, after which there shall be no private international understandings of any kind, but diplomacy shall procesd always frankly ani in the public view.” After the fact it is possible to know what has taken place in diplomacy, often with the benefit of interpre- tation by a student trained in hictory and in- ternational law. And if more study were given to the past and its obvious and implied lescons by the governing powers in all nations, perhaps there would be fewer mistakes in the present and future. “European Diplomatic History,” by Prof. Sontag of the department of history of Princeton University, is based on authoritative material, is, of course, very much up-to-date, ani is clearly and forcefully written, from the point of view of the historien, who is able to compare various events in the winding course of European diplomacy and to draw conclusions therefrom. The book is not only a valuable aid to students of modern European history; it is also a book for the intelligent general reader. Two diplomatic ideas are central in Prof. Sontag’s treatment of his subject: the problem of the status quo and the effort to preserve peace. He lucidly describes the existing rela- tions among the great nations of the world and explains the diplomatic background of those relations. His order is chronological and devel- opment may be easily followed. In 1871 the treaty of Frankfort was concluded between the new French Republic and the new German Empire. This date is taken as the beginning of a now era in diplomacy because from that time “three considerations modified the simplicity of the doctrine that war was the logical con- tinuation of diplomatic policy.” These three considerations were the change in the charac- ter of war due to modern science and industry, the alliance system, which made localizcd war impossible, and the influence of popular gov- ernment, conscription and the press, which mace it necessary that a war decision should be supported by public opinion. In the light of these considerations, it is interesting to fol- low the events of the period, grouped under im- portant general subjects, as Franco-Russian relations, the entrance of Great Britain into European alliances, with the result of the Triple Alliance and the Triple Entente, the World War and the Peace of Paris, and the recent “Hegemony of France.” One reflects, with sad jrony, that the new diplomacy, in spite of its three urgent considerations, was powerless to- avert the World War. * GRAY WOLF: MUSTAFA KEMAL. By H. C. Armstrong. New York: Minton, Balch & Co. MUSSOLINI, Lenin, Stalin, Hitler, Rivera, Kemal—the list of dictators is a-long one for this democratic age. They are all good sub- jects for biographies. They all have strong per- sonalities, though some of them try to conceal the fact. Mustafa Kemal is one of there. He, prefers to remain an enigma, with no intimates, few contacts with foreigners, and a dislike for_ publicity. He is a comparatively young man. He was born in Salonika in 1881, th2 year before Britich troops landed in Egypt. In 1903 and 1905, recpectively, he was at the Monastir Mili- tarv Schocl and the Staff Colleze, Constanti- nople. Soon he was on thz staff of th> 3d Army Corns at Salonika. His militarv career was well started. Then came the deposition of Ahdul Hamid, the two Balkan Wers, and the World War. Mustafa K>mal moved from one command to another. During the uncertainties for Turkey following the World War, when the 21li>3 were occunying Constantinenle and there was warfare with Gre>ce. he b>c~me more and more dominant. Had he a plan? Was it chicfly the result of chance which brought op- portunity? It is difficult to decide, even while ren~in~ the- account of his life. In August, 1921 Mustafa Kemal was made commander in chief of the army, with powers of dictator. Th~> title, “Gray Wolf,” refers back to the embl-m on th- rtendard of the firt Osmanli Turks who marched, as fierce hordes, out of th> plains of Central Asia and th> Desert of Gobi, in 1288. It was considered apprcpriate because Mustafa Kemal suggests grayness— gray eyes, gray complexion, and hair that seems gray—and because there is romcthing wolfich in his relentless cruelty and lack of, sentiment and oidinarily acczpted moral scnse. The biography is in the form of an interest- ing narrative, an Arabian Nights tale, which move; from the poverty-stricken house of Kemal's father, the Turkish clerk, Ali Riza, in a cobbled alley under the walls of the old fort of Selonika, to the government palace at Con- stantinople. Capt. Armstrong has spent many years in Turkey, during the war, as assistant military attache to the British embassy after the war, and later on the staff of the British Army of Occupation. H: saw thc death of the old Ottoman Empire and the birth of the new Turkey. GROPE CARRIES ON: BEING THE FURTHER AGVENTURES OF ALBERT GROPE. By F. O. Mann. New York: Harcourt, Brace & Co. T is two years .ince that “belated Victorian” youth, Albert Grope, began his fictional ex- istence in the novel called by his name. At the end of that narrative, of fine quality, he was in his middle 30s. At th: beginning of this cne, he t¢lls us in a prologue what has happened in the interim, since h> laid down his pen, for both of thsse biograrhizal novels SUNDAY STAR, WASHINGTON, D. C, MARCH T2, 1933 N~ BCON YW YW, A History of European Diplomacy—“The Gray Wolf of Turkey”—Early Spring Fiction and “Machine Age in the Hills.” are written in the first person, as were many of the great eighteenth century Engiish novels. Albert was a boy of the London slums, born in a wretchedly poor house in Strawberry place, in the front window of which hung s placard indi- cating his mother’s occupation—"“mangling done here.” By various steps, some most dis- agreeable to him, and by the practice of Vic- torian honesty, thrift and conservatism, he rose to success in business and reasonable content- ment in domestic life. At the end of the first volume he was the hcad of a publicity business, after having served an obnoxicus apprenticeship to a butcher and a more acceptable one to a dealer in seccnd-hand books. He was married to a French woman, Laurette, somewhat his senior. The World War brought to an end this first period of his life. “Grope Carries On” begins with the sentence: “It was August, 1916, when I was first induced to put my business experience and abilities at the disposal of King and country for the period of the great war.” Grope did not go to the front. He had just passed the age limit for the draft. He became a volunteer official in the department of minor equipment, and his “{urther adventures” were those not of fighting, but cf red tape and dodg- ing responsibility. Thi: opportunity for satire on the bureaucratic conduct of the war from the government offices in London is, of ccurse, deliberately created by Mr. Mann and is used almost too exhaustively. Grope’s “adventures” were not, however, entirely ficcal. He drifted away from the Victorian propriety of his earlier years and became infected with modernity. In spite of his wife's habit of employing only elderly and unprepossessing servants, his sus- ceptible nature led him astray, and, of course, occasions were not lacking. There were young secretaries in his office. In spite of some stings of conscience, Albert came through his ad- ventures still smug and “with thankfulness and a full heart” for all his bles ings. If we do not find him quite as appealing in his middle age as he was in his youth, that may be because his development is disappointing, but it is more likely to be because youth is youth. The style of naive self-revelation calls up memories of Smollett’s “Humphrey Clinker,” and some of the revelations of Albert Grope are not so very different from those of Matthew Bramble. ONE MORE SPRING. By Robert Nathan. New York: Alfred A. Knopf. ERE is a novel, or a fantasy, of people caught in a depression—any depres:ion— and of the way they mcke of it a period of freedom, of poetry, of frayed romance. Like Bret Harte's “Outcasts of Poker Flat,” Mr. Otkar, bankrupt dealer in antiques; Merris Rosenberg, uneniployed violinist; Elizabeth Cheney, woman of the streetr, and Mr. Sheridan, president of a savings bank and a fugitive from the bank examiners, are not wanted by good society. In Bret Harte's stcry it is the society of a law- less, pioneer, frentier town; in Robert Nathan's story it is the complex society of the modern business world. Through the courtesy of a benevolent and haspitable street cleaner, they are allowed to take up their reidence in a tool shed in the park. There Mr. Otkar is permit- ted to install his one remaining p-ssessicn after the auction of his antiques—a bed ornamented with eighteenth century flower scrolls and cupids, not the sort of thing to tempt bidders. “If one has a bed,” he thought, “then at least cne knows where one will slesp at night.” The commissary is al'o taken cver by Mr. Otkar, who discovers that the zoo barnyard has hitherto unexploited resources of eggs, chickens and young pigs. Mr. Ro enberg is able to supply small pack:ts of cugar and tea end an occasicnal bone, carrot or handful of beans for the soup kettle by means of the coins people throw into his open violin case when he plays in the streets. Mr. Nathan's satiric gift has ample play both in the main idea and in th: details of this extravaganza. Mr. Ro €nberg says sadly to Mr. Otkar: “Nobody gives me an opporiunity to play a concert, but when I practice my scales in the open air they pcur money into my violin case. I ask you, What is the sense of that?” Mr. Sheridan, the refugee banker, finds Mr. Rosenberg’s few coin: tucked under the mat- tress and removes them, because he believes that hoarding is wring and that even such a small amount should be put back in circula- tion. After the ctrain of the Winter, with its food uncerfainties, its family quarrels and the anxieties bf Mr. Sweeny, the street cleaner, and his good Catholic wife over the ethics of the situation among their to-1 shed proteges, all welcome the approach of Spring. “But the Winter is over, . . it i: Spring 2gain, and the tulips will flower in the gress, and on the trees the delicate green leaves. . . . Let there be cne more Spring.” In delicacy of style, and in its philosoph¥ of faith, hope and charity, this is a rather rare bock. THE RASH ACT. By Ford Madox Ford. New York: Ray Long & Richard R. Smith. ISGUSTED with his “griczled bozr” of a father, who has been enriched by *pisto- brittle”; with the art-infatuated Scandinavian Wanda, who demanded of him devotion to some form of self-expression as a condition of her favor; with his own impecunious condition, to which his father was utterly .indifferent, Henry Martin Aluin Smith, aged 35, had de- cided to commit “the rash act”—that is, suicide. He thought too long about it. If he had acted promptly he could have had it all over in a few moments, with the Mediterranean so con- veniently at hand. While he thought, Hugh Monckton Allard Smith strolled into his life. Henry Martin envied Hugh Monckton's non- chalance and found himself wishing that he could exchange identities with him. They looked rather alike. Hugh Monckton also wished to commit suicide, and he achieved it. By pre-arrangement, Henry Martin stepped into his place. Here the real story begins. In its theme and its subtle symbolism it recalls Osbert Sitwell’s romance of similarly hidden meaning, “The Man Who Lost Himself.” The significance of the life of Henry Martin after he became Hugh Monckton is not at all obvious and is therefore a subject for, inter- esting speculation. Did Henry Martin's ex- pericnces in the World War have anything to do with his distaste for his own identity? What of his heredity, from his blatant father, lead- ing industrialist of Springfield. Ohio, and his genteel but suppressed mother? Did the period of inflation he had lived through and the period of depression he was now living in matericlly influence his mental kaleidoscope and his physical performances? He himself said that “it was a mistake to have been.born in the nineteenth century when the whole of your life was to be passed in the twentieth.” Certainly Mr. Ford, a veteran writer of dis- tinction, meant to do more than write a clever melodrama. He has much to say, under cover of the story about the psychology of the war generation, which is rapidly becoming the middle-aged contingent of the present time. THE MIS-EDUCATION OF THE NEGRO. By Carter Godwin Woodson. Washington, D. C.: The Associated Publishers, Inc. Tfl! test which should wisely be applied to any method- of -education- is its power to equip people to meet the world satisfactorily, both in a material and a spiritual sense. This is the test which Dr. Woodson uses for m-thcds of Negro education. He is well qualified to speak on the subject, for his life has been spent in educational work, as teacher, author, editor, investigator. His own education was at the University of Chicago, Harvard and the Sorbonne, and his teaching experience has been in connection with many institutions, including Howard University. He is the author of & number of books on Negro education and prob- lems of life and is now the editor of the Journal of Negro History. His treatment of the “Mis- Education of the Negro” is comprehensive, and he offers many indictments. Some of the most vital of these are that the education offered the Negro, even in institutions under the di- rection of his own race, do not fit him to make a good living, to get along co-operatively either with members of his own race or with those of the white race, to be successful in the profes- sions, in business, or in politics, to be as public- spirited a citizen as he might be. In this last respect. at least, the indictment probably finds a weak spot in our whole educational system. Dr. Woodson says: “If the Negro could abandon the idea of leadership and instead stimulate a larger number cf the race to take up definite tacks and sacrifice their time and energy in doing these things efficiently the race might accomplish something. The race needs work- ers, not leaders.” The world in general needs many workers, and can get along with a few leaders. Of radical propaganda among Negroes he cays: “There is no movement in the world working especially for the Negro. He must learn to do this for himself or be exterminated.” The arrangement of chapters in the book (each in itself a clear and forcible essay) is admir- ably planned for developmental discussion, from the first. “The Seat of the Trouble,” to the last, “Higher Strivings in the Service of the Country.” ANNALS OF AMERICAN BOOKSELLING (1638-1850). By Henry Walcott Boynton. New York: John Wiley & Sons. OOKMAKING and bookselling began in the British American Colonies and has con- tinued ever since, with rapidly increasing mo- mentum. The Colonial and early nineteenth century bookseller was often an influential citi- zen and scmetimes a picturesque and original figure in his town. Mr. Boynton describes thie bock business in England of the seventeenth century as a background for the story of Colo- nial enterprise in the same field. The begin- nings in Massachusetts and the founding of the Cambridge Press come first in the history and we cre told that “the founder or begetter of Colonial printing and bookselling was a Non- comformist clergyman of the Church of Eng- land, Jesse Glover.” Chapters are devoted to bookselling in New York and Philadelphia, the printing business of the family of Benjamin Franklin, some small-town book pioneers, book- sellers of the Revolution, and the origin and growth of different publishing houses in the early nineteenth century. Mr. Boynton is & well known authr and criticc. He has pro- duced a book intere:ling to the general reader, not merely to book collectors and librarians, Some of the ijllustrations reproduce the title page of the “Bay Psalm Book” (1640), the first book printed in North America; the title page of Cooper’s novel, “The Spy” (1821), “the first great American novel,” and a painting of the Old Corner Book Store in Boston, about 1840. Books Received FICTION. PRINCESS MALAH. By John H. "ill. Washing- ington, D. C.: The Associated Publishers, Inc. THE IMMORTAL SINNER. By Mabel Wag- nalls. New York: FPunk & Wagnalls Co. GUN JUSTICE. By Jackson Oole. New York: G. Howard Watt. THE BRASS CANNON, By Charles Allen Smart. New York: W. W. Norton & Co. SIN-CHILD. Anonymous. New York: G Howard Watt. WHEN WORLDS COLLIDE. By Edwin Balmer and Philip Wylle. New York: Frederick DANGER. By Evans Wall. New York: The Macaulay Co. LOVERS SHOULD MARRY. By Nell Martin, New York: The Macaulay Co. 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