Evening Star Newspaper, February 14, 1932, Page 30

(Continued From First Page) | this time—one must first restate, in a | synthetic formula, the course of the Manchurian tragi-comedy. The chron- icle deals with the recent past. Man- churia has been virtually swallowed up by Japan as a result of a skiliful cam- aign, half diploratic, half military, asting only a few weel And Man- churia is cne of the richest countries of Asia; her size covers more than the British Isles and Italy put together. A great success. then, for the imperialistic parties in Japan. And this success is | increased by the fact that, first, the European great powers, timidly, and after them the League of Nations, seemingly more vigorously, at least at the beginning, tried in vain to stop | Japan’s progress in Manchuria. Aided by Long Anarchy. ‘Thanks to the general anarchy pre- vailing in China since 1911, and thanks | to the lack of any moral and political | force in the central Chinese Govern- | ment in Nanking, and—last but not least—thanks to the ccmplacency shown by the European governments about the doings of the Japanese armies, the Nip- pon action in Manchuria has ended in & complete success for the Tokio di- plomacy. | If one looks only at the technicalities | of diplomacy one cannot help but ad- | nure Japan's Manchurian achievement. | It has been almost perfection: Japanese | cabinet ministers in Tokio and imperial | ambassadors abroad declared continu- | that Japan did not want Man- churia: no. not even as a gift would they accept what under the Manchu | dynasty was called the Three Oriental Provinces. It would be too costly for the resources of Japan—the worthy ambassadors went on explaining to the various foreign offices—to have to gar- rison and defend such a wide territor: Jepan's intention was only to protect the treaty rights: and are not treaty rights a sacred thing? And so on. Meanwhile, under cover of these phrases. Japanese military occupation spread from day to day, until it reached the very southernmost limits of Man- | At one time the spell seemed broken by the blunt intervention of the United | States, which—while France. Great | Britain and Italy were. for various rea- sons, keeping silent—dared to call Ja- pan to account and ask her to respect more seriously the various pledges she was at the moment engaged in vio- lating But, as could easily have been for goon, Japanese diplomacy, Strong as a result of the fait accompli, was not | found wanting in arguments to even Mr. Stimson's strong not. Tespect due to the nine-power treaty? 'se, of course: but “the present unsettled state of China was not con- templated by the high contracting par- ties”. the treaty remains just as bind- ing. but it “must necessarily be applied with reference to the existing facts.” | Holds U. S. Action Tardy. | In short, aside from the sudden, but, | 3 tarc interventions of the cd States, evervthing in the world | spired to establish the success of Japan in Manchuria. The League of Netions did everything in its power to help Japan by the covenant de- cently: and, strange to say. the British “national” government did everything in its power to help Japan break the nine-power treaty. For some time it refused even to follow America's diplo- matic action: a novel case in the policy which Britain has made her own for years, a fact probably to be explained by the slight resentment existing in England as a result of recent discus- ns about Teparations and war debts if Tesentment were admissible in foreign policy. I do not say among peoples, where it is a reality, but among cabinets! O all these successes, Geneva, everywhere, Mr. Yoshizawa. the present Japanese minister of foreign affairs, has been an almost con- tinuous eyewitness, since he was, until | a few weeks ago, the Japanese Ambas- sador in Paris. He must have gone back to Japan with one fixed idea in his mind. namely: that the League of Nations was an institution devoid of the least shadow of real power, and that the great powers of Europe were oo taken up with their difficulties and their present fears to be able to pay any attention to what was happening in Eastern Asia Furthermore. being himse'f the man selected by that military and naval caste which, at the present time. holds all the real power in Japan, it is all too natural that he should have be- lieved his country entitled to do any- thing it pleased—hence the Shanghai mistakes after the Manchurian success. Tokio has evidently forgotten tha the whole world could not help but Tecognize the almost exclusive magni- tude of the Japanese interest in Man- churia: and that the whole world, and the Chinese themselves. felt almost in- in Parls, In | Rood administration stinctively that the Manchuiian prov- inces had never constituted anything but a more or less loose parcel of the Chinese Emplire. The psychological error of Mr. Yo- shizawa and of his protectors and friends reminds me of an analogous case which I was fortunate enough to witness as a young man. The case was at the Toot of four years of European war; that is why I recall it. Points to Austria’s Case. Another diplomat, even as Mr. Yo- shizawa, was required to leave his em- bassy in the capital of a great Euro- pean power and called to the direction of the foreign affairs of his country; I am referring to Aehrenthal, who took over the leadership of Austro-Hun- garian foreign politics on leaving the Petersburg embassy. Aehrenthal left Russia deeply convinced that, despite its grandiose appearance, the Russian Empire showed but an empty front, and that he, Aehrenthal, was free to dare anything—just as Mr. Yoshizawa may have felt toward diplomatic Europe. A few months later came the annexation of Bosnia and Herzegovina to the Austrian monarchy. It was a success, and it seemed as if Vienna had come back to the days when Count Kalnoky shared with Bismarck the hegemony over Europe. But, as an inevitable counter stroke to this rash move by Austria, there came, three years later, the Italo- Turkish war, followed by the two Bal- kan wars—the whole thing being sim- ply the consequences of Aehrenthal's move, and, alas, the unconscious re- hearsal of the terrible four years of the World War. Then, after the four years of the World War, we saw Serbia, little and despised, which ten years eariier had stiently suffered the insult of Austro-Hunga annexation of Bosnia and Herze; come out cof struggle ndized and freec, s the powerful Austrian mon- archy had fallen to pieces. It is manifest that there is not the slightest question here of comparing Japan and Austria. Austria had a and a powerful army, but behind the military and ad- ministrative screen lived 50,000,000 men utterly divided by the hatreds of 10 different nationalities, all of them | bent under the yoke of the artificial supremacy of a few million Germans and Megyars. Japan, on the contrary, is one of the m~st admirably united nations in the w. '~ world, much from a national stanu,.. .t as from the standpoint of historical formation. See Mistaken Ideas. _The analogy I wanted to bring out lies in the two diplomatic methods— both of them stemped by the tre- mendous mistake, for which. in the long run. one always pays the price: Too great a contempt for a wevk neighe bor; too firm a conviction that the dis- tant neighbors will forever stand by passively. iy 1 have already told in an article which appearcd in The Sunday Star that the present aggressive poli of Japan toward China is essentially the policy of the militaristic and reaction- ary clans at the moment in power; and that many and important elements of industrial Japan sre not at all sure that such a policy is likely to serve the es- sential economic interest of the ever in- creasing Japanese people. The present Japanese policy is a policy with two ends in view: one of prestige abroad. to please the military tendencies of the clans in whose hands are the imperial army and navy; and another one, not so loudly admitted. which tries, by means of the old trick of patriotic adventures, to stem the tide | of the democratic revendications which in Japan are beginning to question even the authority of the Emperor and which smile at the old legends of his divine origin. Most of the Japanese and of the Chinese who have been killed in Man- churia and who perhaps will be killed in the valley of the Yangtse, did not suspect and will not suspect that one of the hidden reasons of their sacrifice was the necessity of keeping up the privileges of a few old aristocratic clans im Japan. I began this article by saying how dangerous it is to try to foretell about events In China. But this much may safely be advanced: that Japan or, to be more precise, the militaristic ele- ments in Japan, may succeed in secur- ing immediate results in China: that they may succeed in deceiving the masses in Japan as to the bearing of these results, but that cvery success and any success in China and against China means no more than the pressure of a finger on an India rubber ball. As soon 2s the finger is removed so soon does the ball dispel all traces of the pres- sure it endured o easily. Japan's policy in China will be a policy fecund of beneficent results only when the Japanere leaders understand this simple truth: It does not pay in the long run to bully China Slave Trade to End i A Result of League Membership|. (Continued Ffom First Page) | ducted across the Abyssinian frontler into the Sudan and Kenya Colony. An account of one raid is worth quoting “We penetrated into narrow toriurous lleys of the Arabougas villages.” says chronicler. (The Arebougas are | ;anch of the Gallas, one of the | bravest, proudest and most intelligent | of African native tribes, which, while nefther holding nor dealing in_slaves, ha: always been concerned with the trade since they shelter caravans and allow them to equip and provision be- fore setting forth into the desert.) r hand were dweliings with b! where no light entcred e igh the dzors We went thrcugh the dark pascages of some of these houses. into court- ¢ all seem>d to possess uards were on watch with . Erch court had a sort ccllar. These were covered with lanks. In one four women were sleep- | . in another three. Four men were in’a third 1 “‘In these’ explained Said, ‘my | flaves are sleeping. It is not neces- | £ary to chain them. they have come a | g way; have still & long wn}" to go The slaves must have been dead with fatigue.” says the writer, “for none of them moved an eyelash. The | caravan traveled only at night, Said | explained, and as he needed more glaves he was leaving it to join the | group farther along the route.” Describes Experiences. Invited to accompany the raiders, an {nvitation which was uickly accepted, iter describes graphically his ex- | nces. You scem to want to see every- thing,” Said observed, “so you fhall sec Selim hunt.” He gave a short cry | and a man appeared, almost naked. | Theugh tough and well built, his wrin- | kled face indicated age. With him came @ magnificent youth, with the | strength and suppleness of a wild baast. | It was he who was called Selim. All day the party marched through the Jungle, heavy with tropical vegetation | and almost trackless. The young slave | hunters glided ahead, like snakes, breaking the trail At sunset they came to a steep hill- side, overlooking a valley covered with a dense forest. Through an opening. cut in the underbrush by Selim, the | party looked into the countryside be- yond. On the opposite side of the val- iy were women and children, driving | goats towards a hidden village. The slave hunters slept that night at the edge of the forest, having been guided by Selim to the footpath along which the goat herds had passed. | “Then came the dawn. Upon awaken- ing we saw Selim lying on his stomach, fiattened out at the opening he had r.nd‘n the underbrush. As trrew‘ A« | had come the night before. n Ancient Land, light the tinkling of goats' bells could be heard. faintly at first, then drawing nearer. Some goats passed. And then, like the spring of a panther, Selim leaped. There was scarcely a sound “The little girl following the goats did not have time to cry out. Ei veloped and gagged by the calico cloth Selim carried, she was wound into a helpless bundle and thrown over the hunter’s shoulder. Before the rest of the party could take a step Selim was off in the direction from whence they For some time they could see him running. Later they rejoined him on the trail of the previous day." Bought for $150. The sequel to the story, according to the report, is that the little girl was purchased then and there by the Euro- pean guest of the hunters for $150. Seilm was instructed to return her to the spot where he had captured her. This he did with considerable grum- bling. The next day he returncd—with a small boy he had captured instead. The price the European had paid for the giri was low, for she was comely and well-shaped. But Said reasoned that the return march would be hard and that she might die. At worst it was money in hand. One thing that can be marked down to the everlasting credit of the British colonfal system is the Sudan Slavery Patrol. In recent years not a single slave which has escaped from Aby: sinja across the frontier (they come in twos and threes and sometimes in groups numbering as many as 150) has been handed back to the Rases. The modern “underground railway.” as | such routes were known in American Civil War days, leads to Kurmak, in the Fung province on the Abyssinian frontier, where an ex-slave community has been founded, at Gharb-el-Gash, near Kasalla. Here work and liberty are assured the native. Some even find husbands and wives and establish them- selves upon the land which is furnished to them. Slavery Their Business. Official repcrts by Lord Lugard and other investigators tell of powerful Abyssinian families which for genera- tions have made the slave trade their chicf business. Like Amer'can boot- lesgers, they have their agents, sples and paid hunters. Contacts are made with the Mussulman traders and with Ital- fan Eritrea end French Somaliland. The Shiek of Aussa, for example, still levies a fixed charge of 30 thalers per head on slaves transported through this territory. About 5.000 slaves are said to pass along this route yearly. Once slaves enter Arabia they are lost, s0 far as protection or interven- tlon by the civilized colonial powers are concerned. There is no way of checking up on them, either. Conserv- UNDAY 'ltlv' estimates place the number of slaves held in Arabia at 700,000—10 per cent of the total population. In both Afghanistan and the Hedjaz slavery is recogni: Efforts of Brit- ish steamship lines which transport Moslem pilgrims across the Red Sea to block the traffic have been futile. The Mussulman carries “servants” which he never brings back with him after he has reached Mecca. Some pilgrims | even “sell” their wives and daughters | to the sharpers who haunt the route from Jeddah to Mecca and Medina. Arabia consists of several millions of square miles of territory, ruled by the fanatical Wahabl Ib'n Sa'ud. Today it Is still a closed book. Until Western civilization, such as has penetrated Turkey, reaches into the desert, it will remain inaccessible, guarding its slaves and mysteries from European eyes. . g Latin Americans Laud Britain’s Tariff Wall (Conl »d From Third Page.) revenue purposes—but even so, when sales are cut in the two heretofore largest markets, reason indicates that the third one will be accorded greater consideration. ‘That is, with reduced sales in Can- 1ada, Great Britain and Europe in gen- eral, business leaders of the United States will be in a better mood to admit the contention, repeatedly expressed but until now not sufficiently seriously considered, that the real future of this country's export trade les with the 20 Latin republics of the Western Hemisphere. Indispensable to United States. ‘They will be better disposed to ac- cept the truth of what the advocates of Inter-American commercial inter- chahge have been repeating for years: That the Latin American nations, by geography and history, constitute the |logic economic complement of the United States; that, economically speak- ing. they are almost indispensable to the prosperity of this country, for it | has been proved that without an ade- guate outlet for its surplus products economic equilibrium cannot re- stored within its boundaries, and that of all forelgn markets, the Latin American is the most extensive, homo- geneous, and the one which holds more | promise for the future, because it com- prehends 20 countries of vast natural | resources, almost unexploited as yet, and all of them being in the wake of their industrial develcpment. Another announcement, which ap- peared in the press almost at the same time as that of the adoption of a cus- toms tariff by the British Parliament, will probably have a similar effect in focusing the attention of business men in the United States upon the poten- tialities of Latin America as an export market. This one came from Montreal, | Canada, and reported the appearance in that country of an enthusiastic teend for the entering of Canada into the international race for the conquest of | Latin American markets, a race in | which Great Britwn, the United Stater, | Germany, France and Italy have until now played outstanding roles. | Definite Impetus Seen. | The report added that a definite im- ' ! petus in this direction will be given by | | the establishment of an exporting cor- poration formed by the leading manu- { facturers and business men of the Dominion. In the event of the suc-| cess of this plan, the Canadian gov- | ernment has already promised to main- |tain_a direct steamship line to the| Pacific Coast of South America, touch- | ing ports of Panema, Colombia, Ecua- dor. Peru and Chile. One of the proponents of that cor- poration emphatically stated that “Can- | ada. especiallv at this time, is keen about the establishment of favorable trade with Latin America.” and that Canadian_exports to that part of the world could be made four times greater than imports, thus “giving & very fa- vorable balance in Canadi's favor.” ‘The appearance of & new rival. and the renewed eflorts which the Euro- pean nations are constantly exercising to gain larger markets in Latin Amer- | ic2, must necessarily have a beneflcial effect in arousing in the United States| a greater commercial interest in the, Latin republics of the continent. The more so, when Uncle Sam's largest customers outside of Latin America are building up protective tarifft walls in | the best American fashian. (Copyright, 1932 Suffrage Still Remote For Women of Quebec ! OTTAWA, Ont—The women of the | | province of ‘Quebec, who are predomi- | nantly French-Canadian, are a long wayv from getting the provincial fran- chise—and they, apparently, are not worrying. Only recently the members of the Quebec Legislature solemnly debated whether the franchise should be given to the women of the province and when the roll was called the proposal was defeated, there being 52 against the resolution, including Premier L. A. Taschereau and most of his cabinet. The principal speech against woman | suffrage was made by Arthur Belanger, liberal member for Levis. He argued that woman was queen of the home— it being her place and the children her | | first care, Men had their own role in |the world, and in Quebec at least the | role of woman was maternity. Women | might not vote, but neither could {judges or Indians. Intelligent women | exercised a profound influence on pub- lic affairs, but did it indirectly, he sald. Quebec is & most conservative prov- ince, devoted to her traditions. When the Legislature voted the galleries were filled with women, who displayed in- tense indignation, not so much at the decision, which they expected, but at the blunt remarks of the member for Levis, who stoutly stuck to his guns that woman's place is in the home, Kniglfilmod in Canada Is Dwindling Rapidly | ! OTTAWA. Ont.—A few decades more and Canada will be knightless. Tho death of Sir George E. Foster recently indicates that time is inevitably draw ing closer the ranks ef Canada's little band of knighted gentlemen. In the benches of the Scnate and the House of Commons titles used to be | common. Not any more. | Sir Allen Aylesworth is now the only one left to carry on the traditions of | knighthooa in the Senate, while in the | House of Commons there are only Sir George H. Perley and Sir Eugene Fiset and, of the two. only Sir George Perley 'is really active in the public life of the dominion. | Outcide Parliament. as well, the knights who were politicians are be- coming rare under Canada’s demo- cratic plan. Sir Thomas White is im- mersed in private affairs, Sir Henry Drayton runs the Ontario liquor con- trol board, Sir William Mulock, full of years and honors, does his day's work STAR | wonderful | day of Februar: on the Ontario bench, Sir Robert Bor- | den, the war-time prime minister, enjoys |the Autumn of his days in peace and privacy. Paper Gives Cluer To Bones of Pope . BERLIN, Germany.—A document so old that it can only be handled with the greatest care has been accidentally found in the archives of an Episcopal | church in Cologne, The find gives am- | ple reason to believe that a reliquary in the altar of the Church of St. Ana in Duren contains the bones of Clencent I Church authorities are examining the contents of the document. They have had the reliquary opened. 1t i thought that the investigation will throw further light on the subject. Pope Clement I was one of the first Popes who succeeded St. Peter. His accession is variously placed at from 68 to about 85 A.D. WASHINGTON, D, C ‘EBRUARY Life of Susan B. Anthony Likened To Career of Abraham Lincolni SUSAN B. ANTHONY, ___(Continued From Third Page.) burden of the presidency of the Na tional American Woman's Suffrage As- sociation on younger shoulders. Her vitality was weakened. At this time her determination that Roch- ester University should be opened o women met with success, although it required that she raise a deficit of $8000 by subscription, $2,000 of which was not adequately guaranteed, but she met the emergency by pledging her life insurance for $2,000. In contrast to the pictures of her early martyrdom was one more citend- ed trip to Portland, Oreg.. to attend the annusl suffrage convention, where, when she arose as chairman of the meeting, <he was literally deluged with floral tributes. She drolly said. “This |is rather different from the reccptions 1 used to get 50 years ago. They threw things at me then, but they were not roses.” On reaching her 80th year, there was no corner of the civilized world where her name was not known and loved by women. It required one of the largest theaters in the Nation’s Capital in which to pay suitable homage to her fame. She had laid down the presidency of the National American Woman's Suf- frage Association, now the National League of Women Voters. Day of Gratitude. The Victory Convention of the Na- tional American Woman's Suffrage As- sociation, held in Chicago in 1920 adopted the following resolution: Re- solved, That we recommend that American women set apart Susan B. An- thony's birthday the 15th y of thanks- giving and loving remembrance of and gratitude to her and all pioneers. We have many monuments erected to the memory of great men in all parts of our country but very few, thus far, to our noble women. It will honor our great men none the less if we exalt the great women more. In the eternal plan of human dest man and woman must go hand in hand. shoulder to shoulder, achieving the ideals of justice and truth. “Failure Is Impossible,” was the slogan adopted by that most wonderful and beautiful soul, Susan B. Anthony. May the life and works of this great woman awaken within womankind a realization of her high calling, to serve is to live abun- dant’y. We must continue to work There are still 1,000 discriminations against women in our laws today The work of Miss Anthony is not finished, for neither the men nor the | women are yet enfranchised in f{he Netion’s Capital, the only city in the world which wholly disenfranchises TOMORROW BY BRUCE BARTO! T 1is sometimes my sad fortune to have to de- liver an after- dinner speech. Few experiences are more depress- ing. One sits u; high table “ specimen at the z00. One walts with increasing discomfort while the toastmaster works slowly down the line, and tries to look apprecia- tive as the other speakers unfold their solutions of world problems with a sprinkling of stale jests. Only night, for ate sparingly, at a ke a righ their attitude toward tomorrow. _|its citizens. May this blot be effaced from the national escutcheon. It was the privilege of the writer to have known Susan B. Anthony per- sonally, and one of her last utterances was, “Whether in the body or out of the body. I shall never cease to work until women all over the world are enfranchised.” Influence for Fresfom. Therefore, were Miss Anthony living today. I am sure that she would b: willing to continue her efforts until the 509,000 citizens of the District of Columbia shared the same rights and privileges with other citizens of the United States. Susan B. Anthony was, and still is, an influencs for freedom, justice and equality in the sexes As svch, all great souls of history never die nor can they be reduced to mere personalities. They express the divinely human and the hume divine. Their great achievements’ still live here after their souls march onward in the higher and grander spheres of immortality. Shortly after the triumphs and tears of the last suffrage convention in Baltimore and the last birthday anni- versary celebration held in Washington D. C.. Miss Anthony passed into the great beyond on the morning of ch 13, 1906 As her body lay in state in the large Presbyterian church in Rochester, Y. it was estimated that 10000 people passed by her bic.. ‘There were more messages of con- dolence and m made upon her life than has ever been known. except at the time of the pass- ing of Victoria, England's greatest modern monarch. Likened to Napoleon. In the quiet church, surrounded by no twinkling tapers, no uniformed guards the body of a woman whose rare combination of feminine graces and masculine sirength made her to some a Moses. to others a Napoleon, & Gladstone, a Lincoin of her sex. { In the words of Frances E. Willard., Susan B. Anthony was ordained by God | to lead us on. destined to play a part | in ¢he great drama of civilization. ! Dr. Anna Howard Shaw, bound by, a spiritual tie that existed between her | and her general. as she called Miss Anthony, was with her friend during | the last hours of her earthly sojourn. | She was indeed grandly beautiful in death. As she lay in the Quaker gray casket | draped by the American flag. her form resting upcn a foundation of white silic and lace chiTon, she was regally beautiful. Her devoted friend. Dr. Shaw, hal- | i Painted Window: 14, 1932—PART lmmmmmby seditorial ccmments | 3 now and then there is a bit of compensation. The other instance, I found myself beside Strickland and when I remarked on it, he said: to feel well tomorrow. If you live today so that you will feel all t tomorrow you don’t get into much trouble.” | That made me think that you can estimate men according to illiland. He I always have | How many tomorrows can they see? How much are they will- to sacrifice for tomorrow? How much do they dare to trust? A day laborer can see only a half dozen tomorrows. He must be paid ever; lifetime in a new busines: will profit. y week. An enterpreneur may cheerfully invest half a s from which not he, but his children, Artists and writers have been known to disregard entirely the near tomorrows, pinning their faith on the fairer and more en- during verdict of posterity. The prophet, of course, looks farthest of all. Stephen, on his way to death, cried: world.” “Behold, I see the heavens opened.” about to be crucified, assured His disciples: Jesus, “I have overcome the It strikes me that what we need these days is the habit of taking a little longer look, envisaging a' few more tomorrows. Some of us act as if this present distress were the first test of the world’s endurance that has ever come. if 1t is not straightened out lmmedlateg It is not so much a test of the world, We are afraid that civilization will perish. or of civilization, as it is a test of us. It is like the war. Some of us lost courage, and said: “It will never end,” and took thought only of ourselves. Others can now look back with satisfaction on the record they made then. Today we are making another record on which we must look ba ck. Back from some future and better tomorrow, (Copyright, 1932.) WO. one of her most soul-stirring addresses, filled with lov- ing reminiscences of her life. Harriet Taylor Upton, Carrie Chapman Catt and others spoke through their tears. A waiting throng stood x‘xmde in the bitter cold and blinding snow. Slowly they filed past her bier, the people, the common people -whom Abraham Lin- coln and Susan B. Anthony loved with the love that was more divine than human. All Creeds There. Every creed, color, political party and position in life was represented there. All had had at some time re- ceived encouragement and inspiration from her life of gervice to humanity. One cannot pay a greater tribute to Susan B. Anthony than the one paid her by her friend and co-worker for more than 25 ‘years, Frances E. Wil- lard, who sald, “I look upon her as that figure full of courage, resource and dignity which will yet be enshrined in the admiration and affection of the whole Republic, as she is now in the minds of thoughtful men and women.” Others have done nobly and we count over their names with devout remem- brance and gratitude, but Susan B. Anthony, by reason of her herolc sacrifice, her lonely life, her changeless devotion, her disregard for position, her consecration of purpose and uni- versal good will has created for her- self a place on the highest pedestal in America, & pantheon of great women. PUBLIC LIBRARY Biography and Music Lenten Beason. This year, following its usual cus- tom, the Public Library will issue two lists of books for Lenten reading, one primarily for Catholic readers, pre- pared under the supervision of the Rev. John K. Cartwright, D. D, of St. Patrick’s Church; the other for Protestant readers, complled with sug- gestions from the librarian of the Col- lege of Preachers, These lists may be obtained free %t the central building of the Public Library at Eighth and K streets, or at any neighborhood branch. For those who wish to read some of the recent biographical writings in the fleld of religion and those interested in church music the library offers the following titles: “They Who Have Served.” 8t. Francls of Assisi, by G. K. Ches- terton. 1924 E.F846c. “He makes St. Francis living, and ardent, and gracious, and bubbling |over with joy—the joy that comes of | abnegation and a perfect love. To | read this fascinating little book is to see something newly appealing in St Francis—and in Gilbert Chesterton.” J. J. R. Martin Luther: A Destiny. by Lucien Febvre. 1929. ELS77feE “A bicgraphy in the modern style, toid with the verve of a scholar and the insight of a psychologist.” | t(the Churchman). Wolsey. by Hilaire E WB836b. “His biography is all that it should Ibe in the matter of historical back- {ground and illuminating detail It | may be read with especial pleasure by {those who read Hackett's Henry the | Eighth.” . B R ! . by J. D. Wade. for the Belloc. 1830. 1930. “His work is modern without being iconoclastic. readable and vivid with- out being ficticn, and full of human interest rather than theological con- troversy. It i& a human document | rether _than a history of the times.” |T. C. R The Life of Cardinal Newman, by G G. Atkins. 1931. E.N46at. “Dr. Atkins has not only done a | tcholarly plece of historical work. but has provided an interpretation which gives his bcok an importent place in | the field of current religious thought.” | W. E. Garrison. Life of Phillips Lawrence. 1930. EB792 la “It is amazing that in so brief a work the author can convey so success- fully the impression of the enormous physical stature, the magnetic and magnificent personal presence, the sionate and burning eloquence, and the | exalted spirit of one of the suoreme | religious leaders in American history. | J. H. Holmes. Life of Cardinal Gibbons. Archbishop | of Baltimore. by A. S. Wil 2 v. 1922. E.G358wi. “Dr. Will's biography is the story of great American as well #s & great churchman. told with many intimate touches born only of a close friendship. It is also & very interesting narrative of a phase of the devel t American political ideals it & permanent historical value.” J. E Murphy. Our American Cardinals, by J. J Walsh. 1926, E.SW 167ou. “The biographies * * ¢ aie clearly etched portraits, worthy of permanent preservation, 2nd they give a faithful picture of the lives, labors and char- acteristics of their subjects.” A. 8. Will. Brooks. by William a a Study in Religious Personality, by Harold Begble. 1922. E 9B394p. Studies of outstanding individuals in the world of religion whose vigorous personalities have brcught them inter- naticnal fame. Among those included are Dean Inge. Dr. L. P. Jacks, Maude Royden and Gen. Bramwell Booth. Some Living Masters of the Pulpit, Siudies in Religious Personalities, by J. F. Newton. 1923. E@N486s. Sketches which are “intended to show that the divine art of preaching is not lost.” Among the “examples” are Samuel McChord Crothers, 8. Parkes Cadman and Dean Inge. The Voices of Praise. Choral Music and Oratorio, by D. E. Berg. 1927. VV.F96. v.6. Contains a list of representative choral works and a bibliography. Chorsl Technique and Interpretation. v Henry Coward. 1914, VXVC.C838. “Written to assist choral conductors and choirmasters, though its scope is not jimited to these.” Choir and Chorus Conducting, a Trea- tise on the Organization, Manage- ment, L. L. R.| Training and Conducting Stumbling Blocks to Peace (Continued From Third Page) “by technical consideration of this par- ticular form of armament or that! And let us concentrate upon one form of re- duction of armaments! Let us demand a definite cut of 25 per cent in the total military expenditures of the powers represented at the conference. Each state should be bound to effect such a reduction in the expenses of its navy, army and air force.” This plan is, of course, very simple. But here also there are objections. There is, among others, the objection that, since the World War and since they became members of the League of Nations, all the nations have not in- creased their effectives or their military budget in the same proportion and to the same extent. One nation, for in- stance, might have increased | national defense budget by 100 per cent since 1913, whereas another country spends . approximately the same amount as'it did 19 years ago. If tomorrow both those countries re- duce their budget by 25 per cent it is an arithmetical fact that nevertheless the first country will spend 50 per cent more than in ¥913 and the second one 25 per cent less. The reduction is therefore greater for the first than for the second. On the other hand, budgetary ex- penditures are not always s fair cri- terion of the military or naval strength of a country. Some countries, the United States, for instance, have a higher standard of living than others and pay more to their officers and men. ! Some also produce their material and { their machinery at a higher cost. A nation may consequently spend more |for the same number of men under !arms and for the same number of guns manufactured at home than another natien. Is it fair to apply to both the same method of calculation and evalu- ation? J Here lies the second range of ob- stacles to the limitation of armaments. | But there are otner difficulties which might well be quite insuperable. Suppose that all nations agree to cut {down to a certain extent their arma- | ments: some one will have to control the execution of the agreement. It was proposed in the preparatory parlevs of the conferenca to intrust the control to the Geneva league. “The observance of the obligations contracted by the various states,” wrote Lord Cecil, “should be insured by & permanent dis- armament commission established &t the seat of the League of Nations and exercising its contro! equally over all nations.” Well and good. But is it a certitude that the United States, which JOHANNESBURG, South Africa— | If the South African government falls it will be due indirectly to Dr. Kem- merer ¢f Princeton and Dr. Vissering. | former chairman of the Netheriands |Bank. Tn 1924 these two economists { adduced reasons wi in their opinion, it was imperative for South Africa {to remain on the gold stindard irre- spective of Great Britain or any other nati-n with which South Africa might be linked in any way. Their principi reasons were, first, that as the leading | gold-producing country of the world it was to the interest of South Africa 10 do everything in its power to main- tain gold as the currency besis of the world, and, second. that go'd must al- be a much more stable stancdard sterling or any other managed currency. A few months before Britain returned to the gold standerd in 19 South Africa announced that whatcver course sterling might take South Africa would be established cn a gold basis. As it happened. the return of South Africa to the gold standard coincided with a similar action by Great Britain. so that the effect of the two countries be- ing on a different standard has never been experienced until this year. Trade With Britain Diminishes. South Africa chose to remain on the gold standard when cur principal cus- omer was off. That presented vast difficulties. When the British crash came South | STEAMSHIPS. JAPAN - Russia go Canada. Class. Lo: economy. 4 Duchess: 5 Cabi Compare 3 t0 5 s Choirs and Choral Societies. by F. W. Wodell. 1931. VXVC.W8l1. The Choirmaster's Guide: Lists of An- Cantatas, thems, Solos, Services, Classified and Tested, compiled by H. 'W. Thompson and others. VYRH.T37. Handbook for the Catholic Choir, com- piled and edited by Eduard Marzo. 1916. VYR.M369. “The text is liturgical in every detail and the varied contents cover the com- plete services of the mass, requiem mass, vespers and benediction.” | The Music of the Church. by D. E. Berg. 1927. VV.F96. An outline history of the use of mu- sic in the Christian church, with chap- ters on music in the Graeco-Russian church and Jewish temple and syna- gogue music. The Oxford Hymn Book. VYRH.Ox24. A carefully selected group of hymns with tunes. The Oxford Book of Carols, by Percy Dearmer, R. V. Williams and Mar- tin Shaw. 1928. VYRC.Ox2. Carols are usually thought of in con- nection with Christmas, but their suit- ability at other seasons is amply proven by this work which lists carols for An- nunciation, Lent, Passiontide, Easter- tide, Ascensiontide and other festivals and scasons. Both words and music are given. Sacred Music the Whole World Loves, arranged for use on the piano or organ, by A. ‘Wier, 1916 VYR.We33s. Oratorios, cantatas, sacred operas, symphonies, masses and services make up the 150 instrumental and vocal se- lections from both classic and modern 1908. 1924. Canad New Low its | connect wi | EUROPE ST. LAWRENCE SEAWAY Shortest mileage. Most direct, most scenic At- lantic crossing. A third less open ocean... days in sheltered waters. And Canadian Pa- cific’s fleet of 12 modern liners, each one dis- tinguished. You can choose luxury or luxurious thas constantly refused to have any- | thing to do with the League of Nations, will admit the control of the league over its Army and Navy? Is there any | chance that Russia,” which has shown herself a bitter opponent of the league, will admit t? Control Presents Problem. Moreover, how is the control to work? It is hardly conceivable that & perma- nent commission established in Geneva would be satisfied with the mere com- | munication by the various powers of | statistics and data. Will every state | allow a delegation of foreign experts to | investigate its arsenals, its dockyards, its warehouses, its ammunition plants, its account books? In ‘Germany there has been passed a law under which any German citizen giving information about war material, even if such jnfor- mation is inaccurate, commits a crime against the state and is sent before the High Court of Leipzig. Will this law be maintained? And what if other nations pass similar laws? What, also, about the control of aerial armaments? It is rather easy to agree that an army will not have more than 5o many airplanes in service, and it is even easy to control the egreement. But what about commercial aviation? Are we going to limit it and at the same time limit progress of trade and transportation? Or are we going to let every nation develop its aerial traffic at will> And how will we be able to guarantee that honest commercial air- planes will not in the space of two days be transformed into war engines. Finally, it might be asked huw the complex question of the physical train- ing of young people will be solved. Italy, for instance, has decided that her youth shall be compelied for a certain ber of days cach year to take a form of physical training which looks very much like military training. The young men learn shooting, campin climbing, marching and, driiling, vet they certainly not be accounted f sol- diers in the army. But who could deny that in a case of a conflict a nation having 200,000 young men trained to fight has a distinet superiority over another nation with the same army forces. but having no trained youth? It 15 without any maliciousnéss that I have drawn up this long list of querfes. They will be put at the con- ference, and they will have to be an- swered. They tend only to show how delicate and how extensive are the problems facing the parley. Heavenly ideals are never embar- rassed by stumbling blocks. but stum- bling blocks exist on earth, and the road along which disarmament parley is proceeding is on earth. w 'South Africa Despite Trade Reversal Clings to Gold as Money Basis Africa, in contrast with the rest of the world, was enjoying a period of prosperity almost approaching that of 1929. Gold, South Africa’s greatest export, was in greater demand than ever, d the American drought, coue pled with crop failures in the Argen- tine, had given can farmers a record r ritain. Au tralia, nearir was scarces is et a di y 80 per cent in_terms African money, and Britain g from the antip-des in erence to South Africa. In fact | British public simply cannot pa prices asked for South Afriran uce, and a great agricultural indust hes pra: been destroyed. | Farmers Cling to Steriing. Parmers have formed the entire na- tionalist party in the past, but despite their appeals to the governmen follow sterling N. C. Havenga, Minis cf Finance. has clung to tne opi of Dr. Kemmerer and Dr. Viss 2, and has been supported to the hilt by Premier Gen. Hertzcg Gen. Smuts. Scuth in the World Wer end |of President Wilson at have the opportunity career 1 ish a of South Africa | teht Africa’s leader ose assaciate Versaflles, may of his d Bri 1932) TEAMSHIPS. ORIENT CHINA - MANILA - HONOLULU New low fares Fastest time? Empress of Asia and Empress of Direct Express from Vancouver and Victoria to Yokohama in 10 days flat. They are the largest, fastest liners on this route. 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