Evening Star Newspaper, November 29, 1931, Page 4

A4 THE SUNDAY STAR, WASHINGTON, D. C., NOVEMBER 29. 1931—PART ONE. ] | Shallow-draft boats may ascend a tidal { #uch a state of anarchy for the last 20 years that many people contest its right | [ JANCHURIAN PEA HELD NOW I SIGHT Strong U. S. Notes and Stand of Dawes at Paris Take Effect in Japan.. BY PAU PARIS. Prance and fruitful settl churian crisis to the skill and ¥ city of Chatles G. Dawes, American Ambassador to London, and Fr Foreign Minister Aristice Bri- and, is now in sight ‘he issues are momentous. Peace in ir East, the balance of power in he Pacific queen and the status of the world’s new peace machinery are all at stake. ‘The whole world is anxiously watching the outcome. The solution envisaged can still be blocked, cven wrecked. It is still at the doubtful mercy of a Japanese of- inst Chinchow, or a refu Japan or China to accept i nced terms, or of a too-drastic revision at the hands of the League of Nation' Council's Drafting Committec. Nevertheless thé hopes of a unani- mous_acceptance are today quickening The League a United States are d private agreement. es them now risks uni- OTT MOWRER. ent of the Man- is said, over its League notes to Tokio. seconded by Dawes' strong private statements to Tsuneo Matsudaira and Ken- kichi Yoshizawa, respectively Japanese ‘Ambassador to London and Japanese delegate to the Council, seem to have begun to ta effect tant, but un- China is reluc doubtedly is mously impressed by r of the United States The Nanking govern- es the League settle- ev here agreed, which it is utterly from power .ment, mus it either fight Jap ungble to do. or by Chinese Com: ke all gov- crnments, it na wants to stay in power, hence final acceptance is almost ineviteble, As for the Leaguc's Drafting Com- mittee, although it is composed pre- cisely of men who in private ressions have been most concerned to safeguard the League's principles, namely, Lord Cecil, Salvador de Madariagn and Erik Colban, nobody seriously imagines that thefr revision of the draft will be 5o drastic as to make it impossible for China, Japan or the United States to acoept : Tokio Differs With World. The case under consideration is about Bs complex as possible. Although every- an, r be else considers Manchuria as inte- | gral part of China, Japan ccnsiders it ®s & sort of Japanese protectorate, ov- | ing to the fact that Japan has fought two wars there and holds under treaty the South Manchurian Railroad, along whose right of way Japan has invested Tge sums. China, on the other hand, has been in 10 pose as a sovereign state at all, while the expressed intention of the National- ist government to effect unilateral revi- ‘siofi of the extraterritoriality treaties in the near future has filled the foreign | ciplomats with considerable dismay and | Tesentment. The Far Eastern interests of France and Great Britain are such that they tend Japan than with China, and also China's anarchy and attitude toward all foreigners has ogoled even the tra- ditjonal friendship Of the United States. Nevertheless, resent instance. the cause of péace”| justice appears almost wholly on China’s side. Attack Seems, Premeditated. Japan, whatever the fntrinsic merits of its case c‘gmnt China, put itself ‘Thopelessly in ‘wrong by contemptu- ously flouting the League covenant, the XKellogg pact #nd the nine-power China dreaty and taking the law, so to speak, into its own hands, with apparently on of the three Chinese provinces fanchuria. Throughout the Japanese military behaved as if notes of protest from Geneva and_Washington were utterly megligible. Pledges of Japanese diplo- mats were coolly broken. The Japa- nese attaczed and smashed the Chinese Torces wherever they could find them, even while the Council was solemnly eliberating. The original Japanese position was but police op- ed Japan and China alone; no outside interference, ‘whether from the United States, the Zeague or the Soviet Union would be #olerated, and rather than submit to such interference Japan, if need be, Would fight the whole world. The Chinese position was that Japan fdeliberately had broken the peace pacts End had committed flagrant aggression Iand that the other signatories of the pacts were bound to intervene in China's favor to obtain an immediate Withdrawal of Japanese troor Japan Picks Time to Strike. _Japan appeared to have chosen the time well. ~All the powers were ag- ed with China over the extrater- lity issue. The United States indeed, the whole world were stodgily through an unprece- n.. The Soviet Union yzed by the exigencies of the r ‘plan. _China was paralyzed Py cataclysmic floods and political an- mrghy. As not one of the great powers fwas ready or willing to fight Japan even in a general war to preserve the pwarld's peace machinery, tie only pos- had been to negotiate a settle- gnént” that would be unanimously ac- iceptable. Chis now has been d as follows: Neutral observers try to forestall a new clash at CHinchow. Japan agrees to Withdraw dts troops as soon as security has been Terestablished, China agrees to re- establish security as soon as the troops @ré withdrawn. The League and the United States will send an inquiry ommission to investigate the whole pituation on the spot. Withdrawal Made Indefinite. The unexpected hope is that the icommission’s findings will lead, first, to fthe withdrawal of the Japanese troops, and, second, to a general conference on the whole China question, wherein Japan’s special claims will be swamped in the general claims and the whole issue of China’s velations with the other powers will be clarified and re- mdjusted. The aim of this solution is triple. irst, to halt the War; second, to save ihe world’s peace principles, and third, to deal constructively with the Far East- ern question. It involves important concessions from both China and Japan. mnl fails to get a definite date of withdrawal and tacitly consents to in- ternational negotiation on the China guestion. Japan admits that the Man- churian question is international and s to stop fighting, agrees to the neutral observers and an inquiry com- mission on the spot, abandons its claim for immediate and direct negotiations with China and solemnly premises to withdraw its troops ‘when pecurity is re-established. 3 Peace Without Sanctions Seen. A ohe chief criticism of this plan is ithst it contains no reassurance that Japan et it the troops can c settlement ovember 28.—A new | to be more sympathetic toward | JAPANESE ATTACK ON STIMSON DUE TO PRESS TANGLE _(Continued From Pirst Page.) tions between United States Ambassa- dor Forbes and Baron Shidehara as well as between Ambassador Debuchi and Mr. Stimson was received with mingled surprise as well as regret. Grave Results May Develop. “In press dispatches (we have heard nothing official) Mr. Stimson was re- ported to have said that he was unable {o understand why Jepanese troops were approaching Chinchow, as State Dep: t dispatches threw no light on ject. On what basis, there- fore, did Mr. Stimson see fit to fly into_fulminations?" While reading his prepared statement | the foreign office spokesmen empha- sized he was assuming the press dis- patches gave a cotrect version of the | Stimson statements. He continued | " “If a man in Mr. Stimson’ | loses his head at such a cri ment in the affairs of Japan very grave | results may develop. { “The statement is not only- unfortu- !'nate in the manner in which it is e | pressed but more 50 in the matter, as |1t contains most serious accusations against Japan’s motives | “The government if time expects to | make a public statement refuting cer- | tain accusations after referring the | statement to Ambassador Debuchi for | confirmation, but momentarily several 1of Mr. Stimson's outstanding assertions | call for immediate denial. | ;. Stimson said Japan expressed | regret ‘and gave assurances such things | would not happen again each time there was a fresh military advance in Manchuria Never Expressed Regret. is ‘misleading.’ Japan never expressed regret to any one for action jin Manchuria which has bcen forced !upon her by sheer necessity and sel | preservation. | or can she ever promise that she | will not act again in self-defense. Mr. “Th; ISTIMSON CLEARS | R WITH APAN Explains Statement Regard-| ing Manchuria in Talk With Debuchi. (Continued From Pirst Page.) incorrectly attributed to him, he said “All I have to say about that is that you gentlergen have the record of what I said_at fy press confercence yester- | day. From the record you can see for | yourself that the (Japanese) foreign |office has been entirely misinformed of | something I not onl. terday, but never said Authorizes Quotation. He authorized direct quotation of Friday's announcement from a steno- graphic transcript of what he said then, including the assertion that it was “difficult for me to understand the press report about the advance of Gen. Honjo's army." The authorized quotation follows: “On the twenty-third of November I asked our Ambassador in Tokio to tell Baron Shidehara, the foreign minister of Japan, that I had seen with great| apprehension press reports giving the impression that the army commanders of Japan were planning military ex- peditions against the forces of China in the neighborhood of Chinchow and | that I sincerely trusted there was no basis for that report “The following day, November 24. I} was assured by Baron Shidchara, the | foreign minister of Japan, through Am- | bassador Forbes, that he and the sec- | retary of, war and the chief of staff f were all “of them agreed that there | should be no hostile operations toward | Chinchow and that military orders to that effect had been issued. id not say yes- | Stimson says the Japanese army in Manchurla ran amuck. This is con- sidered a very bold statement indeed, {and 1t is to be wondered if Mr. Stim- on considered the definition of the word before its use.” | The Secretary of State, the spokes- {man said, accused Japan of intending {to occupy Manchuria completely, but failed t> quote his authority. “Mr. Stimson should have given the besis of his reasons for this belief, the spokesman continued. “In view of the lengths to which Mr. Stimson has gone, it is to be wondered if Mr. Stimson has studied Article I, clause 4. of the nine-power treaty, particular] deaiing with the question of counte- nancing action inimical to the security of friendly states. Might Indicate Aid to China. e Japanese government consid- ers the action of Chang Hsueh-Liang, which brought about the Manchurian outbreak September 18, applies in this casc. By untimely intervention Mr. Stim- | son’s action might be taken as an indi- cation of helping China unduly in | violation of the nine-power pact. | “If America takes such a stand as might be deduced from Mr. Stimson’ assertions, then it might easily be i terpreted that Washington countenan- ces the action of Chang Hsueh-Liang. “Mr. Stirson’s statement as we view { it ;way result in China stiffening her at- | titude regarding withdrawal from the | Chinchow region, as it may encourage | Chang’s adamant stand. If the dis- closures are intended.to pacify the Chinese, it may have the opposite ef- fect and indiractly, should the Chinese | refuse to withdraw within the Great Wall, be instrumental in leading to an actual Sino-Japanese clash at Chin- chow.” . Might Have Changed Program. After reading this prepared state- ment the spokesman added that if the Stimson charges had come yesterday they might have resulted in an entirc change of the army program. “If the arny had heard of this it surely would have fesented it and. to indicate that resentment, continued to Chinchow, disregarding any efforts of Tokio to stop it.” he said. “We hope Mr. Stimson realizes his statement was based upon alarming rumors and trust that by this this time he_regrets it. The war office spokesman declared that Col. Stimson's remarks, if correctly }rmmltufl. were “indiscreet to say the east.” ‘Taking Mr. Stimson to task for his reported inference that the military was not under complete control of the gov- ernment, the war office spokesman said, “this allegation is false and such that it cannot be overlooked.” ' The war office spokesman expressed surprise that Mr. Stimson should risk criticizing Japanese operations such as the drive on Chinchow on the basis of rumors and incorrect information, The provisional government at Chin- chow, the spokesman said, has been dis- turbing peace and order not only in the region west of the Liao River, but also at various points on the South Man- churia Railway by instigating bandits and lawless elements. Japanese troops have been kept.ex- tremely busy in that area dispersing these “paid agents of the Chinchow government,” the spokesman declared, adding that Mr. Stimson evidently was not aware of this fact, and so little xfaflmd the seriousness of Japan's posi- tion. . ‘The following was given out at the American embassy: “In the absence of exact information the embassy is unable to make any statement on the alleged interview with the Secretary of State. It is hoped that that situation will be viewed calmlv by the public until the receipt of official reports which, it is hoped, will clear up any misunderstandizg.” LEAGUE DELAYS ACTION. PARIS. November 28 (#).—Somewhat heartened by news that the Japanese were not likely to attack the Chinchow, the 12 members of the League of Na- tions -Council in private session today again tried to stretch their resolution for a commission of inquiry far enough to satisfy China’s demand for evacu- ation of Manchuria without alienating | American and Japanese support. They reached no decision, but set a meeting of the Drafting Committee for tomorrow morning. In the afternoon the 12 members—excluding the Chinese | and Japanese delegates—will return to their deliberations. The impression prevailed in League quarters that the diplomatic si(uaiion‘ was fairly clear, with all parties agree- ing upon the general lines for a Far Eastern inquiry. Further time was needed. however, to make sure the advance of the Japanese army had been halted and to reach agreement on details of the proposed scttlement. Consider Commissioner’s Task. It was Teported the council was con- sidering making the first task of the inquiry commission the work of ex- pediting troop withdrawal by supes vising security guarantees and by re- drawn. The general feeling here is, however, that once Japan has admitted that the problem is internati even- tual Japanese withdrawal is inevitable. 'The plan's advantages, on the other hand, can be enumerated thus: It halts the war without resort to sanctions, which, in turn, might lead to a general war. It safeguards the essential princi- ples of the world’s peace machinery. It promises to turn evil to gcod by bring- ing about within a short time a con- structive solution of the whole China question. It consecrates co-operation in time of crisis between the League and the United States, thereby har- monzing the Kellogg pact and the League covepant, implementing the Kellogg pact and laying some basis, however frail, for a feeling of security, which, in turn, can lead to a measure of ever consider security so real disarmament. (Copyright, 1981) e Difficult to Understand Reports. “In view of that it is difficult for me to understand the press reports about the advance of Gen. Honjo's army.” In making the stenographic copy, the Secretary changed the word “under- stand” in the last sentence to “credit.” Newspapermen _objected that this would change the sense, and he said “credit” was what he had meant to say Friday, but that since the word “understand” was in his original state- ment he would allow it to stand. It was not revealed whether Japa- nese criticism of the Secretary for this disclosure entered imfo his conference with Ambassador Debuchi. The Am- bassador, who went to the State De- partment on his o.m initiative, ap- peared satisfied =fterward, however, that matter in the dispatch had been unauthorized. He told newspapermen, as he had told the Secretary, that Japanese troops not only were with- drawing from Tsitsihar but would not, in_his opinion, attack Chinchow. It is hoped here that if these troops stay out of Chinchow an armistice and the basis for a final settlement can be achieved soon in” the negotiations at Paris, REPORT TSITSHAR FIGHT RENEWED; TAHUSHAN BOMBED (Continued_From First Page) trains were required to transport them. Headquarters announced that all Japanese troops would be withdrawn to, a point 30 miles southwest of Mukden | and east of the Liao River. Bombing Reports Denied. Press reports that the planes accom- gtnymg the troop trains had bombed: hinchow were denied at headquarter: It was indicated that plans for read justing the entire Japanese garrison in Manchuria to place almost all the troops within the South Manchuria Railway zore had been fairly definitely outlined An army spokesman said the Korean brigade, which has participated in the conflict’ since the beginning. world be sent home as soon as possible “because they are needed in Korea and are su- perfluous in Manchuria.” A Teplace- ment brigade already has arrived here, ‘The Japanese authorities said that when the Korean brigade has gone their troops in Manchuria will be below 16,600, which, Japan claims, is the limit allowed by treaty in the South Manchuria raflway zone. o It was saild Chuliuho would be the farthest outpost southwest of Mukden, that the Tsitsihar garrison would short- ly be reduced to less than one regiment and that Kirin and either Cheng-Chia- tun or Taonan would continue to be occupled, but with the smallest possible detachments. porting to the council when retirement in specific places is justified. League leaders expressed hope the neutral observers would be able to mark out a no man's land between the Japanese and Chinchow and to inter- pose effective international pressure to prevent further hostilities. ‘When Dr. Alfred Sze, Chinese spokes- man, entered the Foreign Office today, to confer with the Drafting Committee, he had with him two American advisers, W. W. Willoughby of Baltimore, and Robert Olds, former Assistant Secretary of State. Aristide Briand, chairman of the council, was understood to have told his colleagues that Secrgtary of State Stim- son had authorized ghe co-opetation by an American observer with otner neu- trals at Chinchow. NANKING MAKES APPEAL. NANKING, November 28 (#).—The Nanking government again today called on the League of Nations for “effective measures” to bring peace to Manchuria. Meanwhile, Chinese students increas- ed their agitation against Japan and their condemnation of the ‘“weak- kneed” policies of China. The new appeal to the league was in reply to a telegram from Aristide Briand, chairman of the League Coun- cil, warning both China and Japan to refrain from any initiative which might again cause conflict, and directing at- tention to the critical situation at Chinchow. “Nothing short of the most effective measures by the league will stop Japan's continuous military aggressions,” the Chinese government said in response.” “China appeals to you and your col- leagues to take immediate action to stop the continuance of Japanese aggression nd_further bloodshed. 1, onte and Copper. hite, o Oriental 12-One-vear The Week in - China Southern Manchurian City, Chinchow, Replaces Tsitsihar in North as Focal Point of Anxiety for Peace BY SMITH REAVIS, Associated Press Foreign News Editor. The scene of battle between Chinese and Japanese troops in Manchuria shifted during the week from the north to the south and the walled southern city of Chinchow replaced the northern capital of Tsitsihar as the focal point | of anxiety for those sceking to halt the conflict. In Washington the situation created by Japanese threat against the city was viewed with the most profound con- cern and Secretary of State Stimson re- vealed that on Monday last he had warned Japan of the danger of a march on Chinchow. On Tuesday Japan re- plied that no such move was in pros- ect. PAs days wore on and signs pointed to a violation of that promise’ the anxiety of the American Government increased. Anothcr American protest was forecast and the possibility of withdrawal of American diplomatic representation at Tokio was suggested. Disorders in Tientsin Renewed. Toward the end of the week new dis- | orders flared out in Tientsin and the | danger that troops of other nations might be involved became more acute. Reports to Mukden yesterday indicated that Europeans and possibily Amer! cans had been killed in the two- fighting between Japanese troops and Chinese irregulars. In Paris the Council of the League of Nations worked tirelessly to evolve & new formula of peace which, wh°n finally drafted, was accorded, even by Council drafted, was accorded, even by suczess. Chinchow, on the main line of the Peiping-Mukden Railway and temporary capital of the Manchurian province of Fengtien, was admittedly the point where a spark might set off the ex- plosion of real war between Japan and China. In it and in the surrounding district of Shankaiwan, stretching scuthward to | the Great Wall that separates China proper from Manchuria, were concen trated thousands of the troops of Gen. Chang Hsueh-Liang, deposed Manchu- rian war lord. Advance on Chinchow Halted. Forty miles to the northward st Yagkuantaitze were the soldiers of the Japanese ccmmander, Gen. Shigeru Honjo, who sent them southward from Mukden yesterday with the avowed pur- pose of clearing the Peiping-Mukden Railway as far as the Great Wall. Toko announced that the advance had been halted last night and assured both the League of Nations Council and the American Government that no offensive against Chinchow was planned. From Mukden, however, came alarming Teports that the Japanese planned to take Chinchow, last stronghold of Man- churia to remain in Chinese hands. Trouble in_the south began early in the week. Clashes between Japancse and Chinese troops north of Ghinchow | were reported Tuesday, when & skirmish at Hsinmintun resulted in the rout of the Chinese defenders and the capture of the city by the Japanese. Hsinmin- tun is about 40 miles southwest of Mukden. At the same time Gen. Honjo's sol- diers began a general operation against irregulars and bandits, which the Nipponese declared infested the country near Mukden and menaced Japanese lines of communication. On Thursday heavy fighting occurred within 10 miles of Mukden itself. The Japanese general announced that ban- dits had attacked his outposts. Neutral Zone Plan Advanced. The League Council, sensing the se- | rious turn that the Chinchow move- ment was taking, urged both China and Japan to Tefrain from hostilities in that section. China offered to establish a neutral zone stretching from the Great Wall to Chinchow and Tokio accepted with the reservation that if Japanese troops were endangered in China proper forces might be moved through the neutral area to their support. The League deadlock continued. On Monday a subcommittee began drafting a new resolution providing for the ces- sation of hostilities and investigation by a neutral commission. When it was finally completed and submitted to the 12 neutral members of the Council yes- terday they withheld acceptance pend- ing Chinese approval of its provision: Dr. Alfred Sze, the Chinese delegate, still held cut for evacuation of Japa- Agencies. nese troops by a definite date, to be | set by the Couneil. There seemed little | chance that such a provision would be included, or that it would be nccepled‘ | by_the Japan if it were. | with the declaration of Gen. Yung Chen, commander at Chinchow, that he would hold the city to the last ring- ing in its ears, the Council sought anew today to avert the overt act that might ' plunge China and Japan into a dis- astrous general war. 'STUDENTS IN CHINA ' AGITATING WARFARE | Condemn Officials for “Weak-Kneed | Policy” as Protests Are Made All Over Country. | By the Associated Press. NANKING, China, November 28. —Anti-Japanese agitation by Chinese students, in which Chinese officials were condemned for their “weak-kneed” pol- icies toward Japan increased today and caused officials here to view the situa- tion with concern The students have demanded that China undertake active warfare against | Japan Dispatches from various parts of the country indicated that thousands of students were protesting. President Chiang Kai-Shek yesterday addressed 10,000 rain-soaked college | students and told them the government | was mindful of the possible dangers | facing the country. | " Additional hundreds _continued to pour into Nanking today from dis- tant parts of the country, parading [1n the streets and shouting against the Japanese, demanding “war with Japan.” The government has begun to bring | pressure on p! vincial towns, officials sald, to prevent further trips of stu- dents here and also to end the demon- strations in the provinces. Reports from Canton said demonstra- | tions also were going on there by large groups of students, both men and women, and that they were collecting funds for the support of Gen. Mah Chan-Shan in his efforts to oppose the Japanese in Northern Manchuria. OCEAN HOP IS SURPRISE Hinkler's Wife Says She Didn't Know He Planned Flight. LONDON, November 28 (#)--Mrs. Bert Hinkler, wife of the man who made the first eastward flight across the South Atlantic from Brazil to Africa, sald today she had not even known her husband intended to make the flight. “The other day,” she said, “he cabled me from Natal, Brazil, saying ‘Here's hoping/ He might have been starting for Patagonia for all I knew and all I could do was wait. Of course I'm thrilled. He has done wonderfully—but then he's a wonderful husband,” American Radiator Heat | Standard Plumbing Fixtures Amflerican Radliator Time-Payment Pla A. F. SENGSTACK 1229 Pa. Ave. S.E. AT. 4621 Hot Alr Furnaces and Latrobes Repaired. 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Treasury 1408 H Street Northwest CHINCHOWFU HOLDS STRATEGIC GROUND Temporary “Capital” Is| China’s Only “Front Door” to Manchuria. Chinchowfu, chief city of the “pan-| handle” region of Southwestern Man- churia, 146 miles southwest of Mukden, has been made temporary “capital” of the territory and & concentrating point of Chinese troops under Marshal Chang Hsueh-liang. Situated on the narrow strip of coastline and on the only railroad which links China and Manchuria, Chinchowfu is one of the most strategi- cally located citles in the Far East, according to & bulletin from the headquarters here ef the National Geographic Soclety. “For the Chinese it is the only open ‘front door’ to Manchuria,” the bul- letin sald. “If the Chinese choose to check any further advances of Japanese forces in Southern Manchuria at Chin- chowful they will be standing almost literally with ‘their backs to the wall.’ “Chinchowfu is the first important Manchurian_city beyond Shanhatkwan, where.the Great Wall of China comes down to the sea—or, to_be more exact, to the Gulf of Chihli. North and west of Chinchowfu rise the mountains and desert plateaus of Inner Mongolia. South of the city stretch the tidal flats of a branch of the Gulf of Chihli, the Gulf of Lisotung. Any one passing along the narrow coastcl plain, there- fore, would have to deal with walled | Chinchowfu, astride the mizdle of it. Has 80,000 Population, “Chinchowfu itself is a metropolis of about 80,000 population. Much of its| newer part spreads beyond the ancient | walled city, especially northward in ihe | vicinity of the railroad terminal. As Chinchowfu is also a junction point for a branch line into Inner Mongolia its extensive railroad yards include lo- comotive sheds, railway division head- quarters, a hospital and storage ware- houses. Between the station and the walled city are big military barracks. The provincial government office is temporarily located in the University of Communications, north of the tracks. “In addition to its importance as a rallway and militery center Chinchowfu also i8 a shipping point for the greatest frult and cotton raising reglon of Man- churia—the near-by Liao River Valley. | New, 1932 Stewart-Warner Short Wave Converter 3 2 Can Easily Be Attached Re' Price to Any AC Radio in a Minute! $23.95 Tune a single dial for short-wave stations throughout the world. This attractive little set | will enhance the appear- ance of your radio, and ' will give you many addi- tional hdurs of enjoyment. NNEDY The Royally (X of Kuddio 11-Tube Short and Long Wave i river to its wharves to receive fruit brought by train and carts, but most of its water-borne commerce is carried on through the new harbor at Hulutao, with which Chinchowfu is connected by a spur railway line. Chinese authori- tles In Manchuria hope to make this | port a rival of Dairen, in the Japanese concession of Kwantung. “The growing of cotton centers main- ly An Liaoyang, but the district ex-| terlds westward to Chinchowfu, and| most of the Chinese development of cotton raising is near the latter city. American upland cotton has been grown successfully, and, although the reglon is no rival of the Nile or Dixie, it produces enough of the fiber to meet local deinands. = Chinchowfu_itself is in about the same latitude as New York City, and, while its Winters are colder than New York, the thermometer leaps | to the other extreme in Summer. In Great Fruit Belt. “South Manchurian fruits, however, eclipse all other products of the dis- trict. ‘This part of Manchuria is a great fruit belt of the Far East—ex- tending from Chinchowfu on the west to Liaovang on the east, and up the Liao Rivc® Valley beyond Mukden. Fruit frc:. Southern Manchuria has both & 1 aroma and flaver, because of fav “.ble atmospheric conditions during jhe growing and ripening sea- sons. Manchurian pears and grapes ::a especlally prized in Chinese mar- ‘The district along the coast south of Chinchowfu is the best grape-grow- ing section. Products of this region have an advantage in export trade be- cause they have thick skins £nd remain fresh longer. Several varieties of Man- churian grapes have strange, but eu= honious names—such as Dragon Eyes, ink Chicken Hearts, etc. In addition to grapes and pears the district is also Tamous for apples and peaches, most of which are exported to Japan. “Chinchowfu is often spelled merely ‘Chinchow’ and thus is confused with the Chinchow in the Japanese conces- sion of Kwantung. The latter, known to the Chinese as Chinchowting, was the scene of several hard-fought.battles in the Russo-Japanese war and is also @ place of strategic importance. Sev- eral other citles in the interior of China | al led Chinchow. . Chinchowfu is not exactly a new name to American newspaper readers and students of world affairs. In 1909 it. was mentioned in connection with Secretary Knox's ‘neutralization plan of Manchurian railways’ American and British bankers then had a_concession for building a railway from Chinchowfu forth to Algn, ¢n the Amur River, but | nothing came of the concession when the ‘neutralization plan’ fell through.” N Frog skin and pheasant feathers are NANKING LEADERS being used in-making smart shoes for London women. Original List Price $135.00 Model 76 High Boy This famous ASSAILED BY CHEN Canton Official Demands Civil Administration in Manchuria. By the Associated Press. CANTON, China, November 28.—Eu- gene Chen, foreign minister of the Canton government, issued a statemens today charging Nanking authorities with failure to resist Japan's activities in Manchuria and with unwillinguess to fix responsibility for events there on Chang Hsueh-Liang, deposed gov em;:', and other Manchurian military leads He demanded the establishment of a vilian administration in Manchuria to replace the existing military re- gime which has misruled the province as a semi-independent principality, de- fying the central government s:xd con- vulsing the nation.” 'The Canton faction, he said, does not appecve of the Nanking government's "blind reliance on the League of Na- tions.” . “To commit China to & virtual guar- dianship under the League,” he said “as Nanking has done, is inconsistert with the dignity and self-respect of a nation that refuses to be ranked as a petty state.” ‘The solution of the Manchurian prob- lem, he added, may be difficult, “but it is not beyond the range and compass of a government composed of men Who can be trusted and who are resolved on formulating & national enforcement policy, concerned alone with the con- summation of the nation’s vital inter- ests and uninfluenced by the personal interests of those who have hitherto used Manchuria for ends wholly vary- ing with the security and weifare of the Chinese people.” “The solution the Canton government demands,” he sald, “on behalf of the Chinese peog]‘e is one that.forbids res- toration of*the power and authority of militarists and officials who are respon. sible for the present state of affairs in Manchuria and for the humiliation heaped upon China. 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