Evening Star Newspaper, November 29, 1931, Page 38

-10 many of his acMvities. Mexico’s New | (Continued Trom First Page. f bare news and commercial informa- tion. Outside of their reduced editorial rections, they are purely informative #nd anonymous. Of course, this is one of the characteristics of modern jour- nalism. Newspapers, in following this trend, are only adjusting themselves to the needs and circumstances of the times. But Senor Puig believes that there shouid also be a place, in every intellectual community, &f opinion, of interpretation and ialysis. There are several in this untry. and Senor Puig does not see why there should not be one in Mexico City. where some of the oldest univer- sitfes and intellnctual centers of the continent are. Eagerly interested in the success of his new idea, Senor Puig refuses to let his diplomatic tasks incerfere with it. m his desk at the Mexican embassy, goes on steering Resumen and giving rough the airmail. tional and newspaper activitles, . did not take up the entire time Fa'g. Safore e was appointed . the Mexican . Politics ha in his life. part in the overtarow of the old Li hip and was selected by Cbregon to be one of his political lieu- tenants, Senor Puig has been prominent in the shaping of the policies of the Na- tional Revolutionary Party, the chief ant sector in Mexican domestic Principles Have Subsisted. One of the leaders of this movement i refcrm n with the fall of Puig_is smong the lucion,” in the term is known in When a Mexican speaks of > revolution.” he is not referring 1o ny one of the several separate revolu- tioas which resulted in a series of vio- lent changes of government since the Lreakdown of the Diaz rule, but rather to the general change from a dictatorial Tegime to a popular democratic system with tendencies to the lefs, which has Leen in progress ever since, and which includes all those different cou) taking place in Mexico in the Jast twenty-one years. These coups, the Mexicans explain, precisely, es the re- sult of popular uprisings against go crnment officials who had deviated from the original principles of the 1910 revo- dution and, partly, elso, to personal ambitions of military chieftains, but 1ot s indicating a change in those principles, or as counter revolutions, like they were cften misinterpreted sbroad. The principles of the revolution have | subsisted. They have survived all those violent upsets and civil wars which were inevitable in a period of reorganiza- tion and in a people of the psychological | charecteristic of the Mexican. The t of the revolution, which implies 2 new Mexico, a more liberal, a more socially-minded, a more self-sustaining Mexico, is still marching on. The task the National Revolutionary party, is organized under the strictest iscipline and controls almost exclu- sively the administration, is to preserve | &nd carry out the id=als of this spirit. Ambassador Puig is most emphatic ‘when he discusses the political situation in Mexico. He has invariably been an advanced element of the Left, like all the leaders of the revolution, and scorns the charge made by political observers throughout the world that the Mexican government has recantly abandoned its radical tendencies—the prineiplas of the revolution—and swung back to the Right. Leaders Are Disciplined. “We have not gone to the Right,” he says. “We have only cut down the Tace of our march. We bave perhaps stopped, temporarily, because the force of circumstances demanded it. We re- | alize that certain physical conditions, among which the pres:nt world-wide economic depression ranks first, do not permit us to effect immediately radical changes and reforms which are still on our program. Ths stability of the gov- ernment, the preservation of order, do- mestic harmony, and the economic re- covery of the country are today our n}nln‘de‘nde:g:rs. Aut gt.eher problems should for the moment to these, which are vital tomm, ‘When the crisis has passed, we will re- gume the march toward our final goal.” In connection with this, the Ambas- sador stresscs the spirit of discipline with which all the leaders of the Na: | Can Science (Continued From Third Page.) manifest that in our civilization the mechanical forces have got ahead of the normal (and intellectual) forces. Man is mounted upon a bigger horse than he can ride. . . . The physical #ciences have evidently been develomd £0 far beyond the political (and social) forces as to constitute a menace to civilization. The modern man, like the Arabian fisherman, has liberated from the bottle genii that he does not know how to control. . . . Sclence has endowed man with the power of super- men, but his mind remains human, all human. He is like a pauper come into @ fortune. a laborer who has been put irto the position of boss of the shop, a private promoted to command a regi- ment, a slave made master of slaves. Man has had no traimng for such re- sponsibilities as have now been thrust upon him. This new command of time and space, this mastery of unknown forces, this apparition of new perils, this entrance into untried fields . . . all these are too much for the modern man.” One-Quarter Scientific. The point of this brilliant generali- zétion 1s that knowledge is at loose | ends, lacking the controls that would make it work together. It is as though | an_electrical power plant which de- | velops a gigantic voltage were to light ! an apartment house without the inter- | vention of transformers. The apart- | ment house and the tenants thereof | would go up in smoke. Well, there are | those who say that the world will be quite as badly off unless we can better adjust sclence to our needs What has happened must be plain to all. Today about a quarter of man's life is scientific; the rest is hit-or-miss. He surrounds himself with the latest machinery and he hasn’t the knowledge to make it work up to his expectations. He produces enough food to feed the world and is surprised that portions of the world are famished. He relieves ‘himself of drudgery and cannot under- stand why he is not happy. He builds @ car that will take him anywhore and then does not know where to go. By radio he can learn much and is content to be merely amused Toe situation has become still more compex. Even time and space, old, familic - friends, have lost thelr identity. For not time and space, out time-space is the new terminology. Chemistry and physics are merged to an extent that is bewildering to a student of 25 years ago. ‘The atom, we are told by Prof. Millikan and others, is not the simple unit we used to think it, but a vast universe in itself. Now comes Prof. Einsteln with talk of five dimensions, which to the man in the street is much like nymg that a human being has not five buf seven toes. It is all very confusing. Different Kind of Psychology. Poor man, despite such embarrass- ments, is all for making science the guide of his life. Unfortunately, he has adopted certain metnods of 'relence without understanding the spirit of sei- ence, and has been trying to apply them lth. a |}nu- 1al tendency, consider:ng what a large part is played in the world by industry. ‘The technolcgy of manufacture, I 1o mervelous achievements, has inspis the hope that a similar technology can or a perjodical | | strain. ! Envoy to U. 8. | | tional Revolutionary party have ac- cepted the facts. The latest expression of this sense of discipline was given, | | only a few weeks ago, When a new cab- | et had to be formed by President Or | tiz Rubio, and the members of the old | one facilitated the changz by accepting | subordinate posts. : This chang: was interpreted here as indicating political unrest in the neigh- boring republic, when it was only an | administrative measure to assure the Chief Executive greater liberty of action { to carry out his plan of economies and his nationalistic policies. In the old! cabinet were several men of great po litical volume, and Army leaders, whose ersonal political compromises’ might ave eventually fallen in conflict with | the economies of the administration. | To avoid this, a less political cabinet | was organized, with men more or les: | alien to politics. As it was necossary | however, to have some guaranty of sta- | bility, some element of strength in the | new cabinet—to check the ambitio; | politicians and to give the army | participation—Gen. Cilles, the | President, and the admitted ! man” of Mexico, was given a promi- | nent post in it. 'The presence of Gien. | Calles, leader of the National Revolu- ! | tionary party, in the cabinet is, besid, an assurance that th~ spirit of “iqui- erdismo™ still has a place in the heart of the men in charge of the Mexican government. The same misunderstanding of Mex- ican conditions which was patent when American newspapers attributed the latest cabinet shifting to internal un- |rest made itself felt regarding the monetary measures adopted by that | government, not long ago. to overcome ! {a serious financial situation. Ambas- sador Puig tells of the astonishment with which he read, back home, copies | of American newspapers which stated | | those measures meant that Mexico was | | going off the gold standard, that they | { were the forerunners of a tremendous | economic collapse in Mexico, that the would provoke a financial panic of in: describable consequences, Spoke as Statesman. Very few foreign correspondents took the pains to study the economic prob- lems of Mexico and to announce that the extraordinary measures making sil- ver a monetary means were only tem- porary remedies, emergency resources to facilitate domestic transactions and protect the gold reserves of the country; and that they would not, in any way, affect the external obligations of the republic. That the government was right in adopting them has been clearly shown by the immediate relief the: have caused to the finances of Mex: In comparison with other Latin Amer ican and European countries, Ambas- sador Puig affirms that Mexico is today much better off, financially and eco. nomically, than is generally believed In the short time of this interview I had heard the Mexican Ambassador speak as an educator, as a journalist, as a political leader and as an econ- omist. Just before I left his office I heard the statesman speak. Asked of 1117d opinion of Pan-Americanism, he said: “America, our America, without dis- tinction of race or language, that is, the American continent, should unite today more and more strongly. Without boast- ing ourselves. and with no intention to offend the pride of Europe, we must admit that the axis of civilization is moving, that it has already moved from where it was a quarter of a century 2go. It has crossed the Atlantic, and i now reposing in the American conti- nent, from North to South. We should, therefore, prepare ourselves to fulfill our task in this new chapter of civiii- zation and of social organization which will soon begin to be written. Mexico, with her marvelous cultural background, pre-Columbian snd colonial, with her artistic and creative faculties inferior to none, with her energy and vitality, can lay an important role in this I Jeft the embassy meditating about this. And adding to myself that the | Mexican revolution, that Mexican rev- olution which has been making of Mex- ico & new country in the last 21 years, that Mexican revolution which Am- | bassador Puig so brilllantly represents the soclal fleld, at least, preparing the | great Latin nation on 'the other side of the Rio Grande for the task of lead- ershin and co-operation which civiliza- tion has reserved for the American continent. . (Copyright, 1931.) Save World? found the key to success. They talked mhmacg day in and day out. Theirs was & erent sort of psychology from that which, under university auspices, | framed psychological tests during the war. Just recently American business | leaders have ap) to think that economics, braced up by statistics and | the “sclence” of organizaticn, would solve our problems. They have not| made great progress. Indeed, to judge| by their predictions during the last | two years as to the return of pros- | perity. they are very uncertain guides. | The experlence thrcugh which we| have been passing 1s wholesome in two| respects. First, it seems at least to| indicate a widespread belief in the power of truth to make us free. Sec- ondly, it is a clear revelation of the inadequacy of this, that or the other single branch of knowledge to accom- plish all things. When the effects of | the financial crash began to be se- verely felt many were cheered by the fact that in the office of Presitient was one who by his large experience during the war, and later in the Department of Commerce, was the world’s foremost economic engineer. He, if any cne, could be counted upon to relieve the | Yet, with due credit to his efforts, it is plain that too much was| expected of his specialty. Knowledge | is at locse ends. And, be it noted,| the danger of knowledge at loose ends ! increases in proportion to the amount | of knowledge that is liberated. Must Restore Balance. The time is ripe for a concerted ef- fort to restore the balance which has been so serfously disturbed. The labors of no one agency will suffice. There must be general participation. The subject is, naturally, too large for dis- cussion in this articie. It is instructive, however, to note certain forces that are working in the right direction. Uni- versities, for example, are forging ahead, not by slighting science, but by extending its domain. They have| developed from science a spirit which they are setting up as the presiding genius of all their activities. Priceed- ing from one ascertained fact to another ascertained fact and making sure that observations are correct and ! conclusions reasonable, seeking truth wherever it leads, and thereby pro- gressing from knowledge to wisdom and to an understanding of the actual world and of its possibilities—that is the spirit of science. To this spirit universities are at- tempting to make the work of their | several schools and c:lieges conform. A priori opinlons, traditional beliefs, impressionism are yielding to the newer impulse. A fact is not a fact unless it is established as such, it is recognized that certain intellectual and spiritual facts may be quite as eu-| thentic as physical facts. So-called | basic principles are undergoing fresh | examination. A striking fllustrati-n in | a non-scientific field is the concerted | effort of scholars to rewrite American | history. In the process all sorts of | prejudices, loose statements and sweep-| ing generalizaticns have had to be thrown into the scrap-heap. It is clear that what universities have done for science they are endeavoring, in so far as circumstances will permit, n‘&n ;or all humlhn. i k’l‘h!fi arc , first, upon sharpen! nowledge l‘n all its branches, and, secondl: ly, upon lorming new combinations of knowledge be developed for other fields. A groping 'fgr something as a was en, psyc 4 iument of stence, thought they had i3 sort | whereby the significance of all pertinent facts may be focused on any given sit- uation. ‘An.Institute of Human Rela- tions, recently inaugurated at Yale, with |trate more and more into human affairs. | the general principles upon which it is | sored by 20 of the leading department | banking and brol {utilities are aiso in the process of re- | the assumption that the best interests here, has already done its share — in | th | Breat numbers of persons in all ranks of | | cperaticn. ' The chemist, the physicist. d stantial progress will be made and also THE SUNDAY STAR, WASHINGTON, It Makes the World Go a strong leaning to science, is a massive example of the increasing rule of the scientific spirit. Although this institute has been in operation but two years, I am informed authoritatively that the results thus far are striking. All that concerns the conduct of mankind forms the subject of its inquiry. Science is made to pene- The doctor, the lawyer, the engineer, he banker, under the proposed regime. will not be permitted to become so en- grossed in their specialties as to forget the broad bearings of these on human kind In general, the progress of universities in this large feld has been slow, but not without significance. Their procedure has been to study conditions as they are and gradually to apply more and morc precise methods to them. At New York University a school of retailing was ! established about 10 years ago with these aims: to crystallize the best re- tailing practice, to state in simple terms based and to show how it can be applied to local conditions. The school is spon- store whos higher retailing ‘The methods of insurance, real estate, ‘age, accounting and in the metropolitan district heads now heartily agree that learning is a great boon to visicn by universities. Their first aim has been to win the confidence of those who are directing such activities and to show that our schools are equipped to kelp business in much the same way that agricultural schools have helped iarming. Economics, society and politics constitute the vast field of their labdts from the newer point of view. And although the soclal sciences have not yet attained to a scientific status in a strict sense, 1t Is clear that they have a real basis of science and that this basis aden with the years. It is also 3 considering how pervasively cience now affects the individual's be- ing—his manner of living, his profe: sfonal aspirations, his recreation. his en- Joyment of art and literature, even his religion—that science, if we can only ful y, understand it, is our main reliance. Case Was Incomplete. A tremendous step forward will be made when the truth of some great principle in the sphere of the social cciences can be demonstrated—some- thing comparable, for example, with the principle of magnetic induction, from which, in conjunction with certain re- lated principles. so many of our ex- {reordinary facilities of communication have been derived. Imagine the deriva- tives of the principle, if it could be cstablished, that war, under modern conditions, is a vain and futile thing! Fifteen vears ago Mr. Norman Angell championed this thesis on purely eco- nomic grounds. He had no great diffi- culty in showing that most predatory vars defeated their own purpose, be- cause national wealth depends in con- crable degree upon foreign markets and one or another of these is impaired by the destruction which is inevitably caused. The case he made out was respecta- ble but incomplete, because of a too narrow approach. He neglected the backgrounds and perspectives in several fields of endeavor which were pertinent to the subject—the moral field, for cne. hese are of the essence of the scientific spirit. The Great War “irnishes us With a body of experience .rom many points of view which, when it is pre- cisely studied and synthesized, may go far toward discrediting such means of settling disputes. Needless to say, a study of this kind would start with of mankind 2s a whole would be the deciding factor. But is it not true that sclence in all ways is seiting up an international outlook? Imagine that through the scientific spiri it could be demonstrated that riches do not bring happiness. Philoso- phers have preached this for centuries —but they were philosophers! There have. to be sure, been opportunities for years to observe desperate unhappiness in the homes of the very rich. But these scattered casss have failed to register in the minds of the public. The belief has persisted that most pco- plli'h could be happy if only they we: rich. By-Product of Science. However, there has recently come into being a situation which may have thrown some new light on the matter. 1 refer to the era of prosperity which was ours and the depression which has followed it. This was the first time in American history, or in the history of the world, for that matter, that such soclety had the anticipation of riches. | The situation was really a_by-product | of science. The mass production of lux- | uries, causing the necessity for an un- | precedented extension of credit facili- ties, put people to the test of happi- ness under luxurious conditions. The aftermath is painful, but there is evi- dence to show that not a few who were furiously active to advance their sta- | tions are row somewhat disillusioned, not only economically, but spiritually. Jn any case, a broad basis of experience hes been established which, If carefully studied, might prove to be highly salu- tory to the public at large. All this may seem highly fantastic as material for scientific study. But the history of science itself—the nat- ural sciences—furnishes interesting evi- dence of processes similar to those which are recommended for the social sciences. As is well known, knowl- cdge has been cut up into small bits by intensive specialization, in order that knowledge in the large might be made | effective by an elaborate system of co- the biologist have divided and sub- divided their respective subjects and in the process have discovered, herc and there, truths that would combine in surprising ways. So today chemistry is organized not | only for itself, but for medicine, in- dustry, public health, etc. What chem- istry and physics, working together, are doing for medicine holds the possi- bility of revolutionary discoveries, quite the equal. it is said, of those of the great Pasteur. The study of germ- bearing insects virtually wiped out yel- low fever and certain other diseases. Gradually psychology and sociology have been brought into work with science on problems of public health and mental diseases. It would be hard fo overstate the part played by these in combating tuberculosis. Slow, Arduous Task. ‘These are examples of the lead taken by natural sciences. The social sciences are following similar lines. By the aid of statistics, the range and effectiveness of which P~ been enormously in- creased in last 25 years—witness what statistics have done to develop end diversify insurance—these branches of knowledge are digging down into their specialtics with gratifving results. Various phases of city life are now under observation in ways which for- merly were thought hardly possible. Personnel and working conditions in stores and factories, recreational life of youth, crime committed during late adolescence, fo give but a sampling, are undergoing the most minute scrutiny. Now, this is a slow, arduous task, comparable with the labors of research workers in chemical or physical labora- tories. Yet as such work is divided among hundreds of scholars throughout the country and is animated by the spirit of science, there is the prospect that despite numerous blunders sub- that the process of combining knowl- edge as it is combined in the natural sciences will be seen in operation before very long. ‘When that time does come increas- ing inroads will be made into present values. Imagination ic piqued by the possi- bilities' which advances in the social seiences may hold forth. Many phases D. s eyes. . “Have yo cried. C., NOVEMBER 29, YOUNG man burst violently into my office. His face was some- what haggard, and his clothes disheveled, as though he had been up all night, which, in fact, he had. _ ut there was electricity in his walk, and sunshine in u heard the wonderful news,” he I told him I had not heard any wonderful zews since 1929. “‘Well, you're going to hear some now,” he exclaimed. J B’z pgunds, born at 5:30 this morning. Think of Yes, sir, 7} a boy. it . . . me .. .w&son “I have Whereupon he became almost inarticulate, waving his arms and emitting sounds that were half laughter and half tears. At length he gained sufficient self-control to impart the in- formation that the baby had blue eyes. He wouldn’t have heard me any- “When I looked cown at him the first time, the little rascal that all babies have blue eyes. way.) (¥ hadn’t the heart to say looked up and smiied. And he reached out and grabbed my finger, and, say . . felt him grip my finger, so trustin say, if I were worth five thousand worth ten thousand today.” . well, I don’t know how to express it, but when I and everything . . . well, rs to my boss yesterday, I'm fa dol. Did I treat his enthusiasm seriously? You bet I did. Any man who himself has passed through that experience and does not feel a reverent sympathy for a younger brother in the same situation has some serious lack in his soul. of our civilization may be greatly changed. There is the question of traf- fic, which is plaguing the cities of the whole Nation and the countryside as well. Clearly this 1S not merely an engineering problem, based on the prin- ciple that devices must be found to make room for more and more cars. A case in point was a proposal two or three years ago to th a elorious hillside in Van Cglandt Park in order to connect two thoroughfares. One night in 1856, Thomas alone in a quiet room awaiting Huxley, the great scientist, sat the birth of his first child. His spirit was on fire with great new resolves. o “In 1860 I may fairly look forward to 15 or 20 years,” he wrote in his dairy, “and with the comprehensive views my training will have given me, I think it will be possible in that time to give a new and healthier direction to all biological science. “To smite all humbugs, however big; to give a nobler tone to science; to set an example of abstinence from petty personal con- troversies, and of toleration for everything but lying; to be indif- ferent as to whether the work is recognized as mine or not, so long as it is done—are these my aims? 1860 will show. ‘Half past 10 at night. “Waliting for my child. I seem to fancy it the pledge that all these things shall be. “Born 5 minutes afier 12. Thank God.” Every night, somewhere in t he world, hundreds of thousands of men sit waiting for their children. Thoughts come into their young minds, which never were there before. earnestness. New purposes; new Not all of this impuilse is permanent, of course, but a part at least remains of the urge to do something and be something worthy of these children. It is a greater force than personal ambition. nd. world go rou ooy It makes the right, 1931.) Tt was passed by the Legislature, but fortunately was vetoed by the Governor. It seems likely that in the new dispen- sation the settling of traffic problems will depend upon the best intelligence not only of the engineer, but of the public health commissioner, the archi- tect, the psychologist, the philosopher and even the poet. Distribution_of products is in some respects the knottiest problem of the present time. Its scope is much wider than economics. It involves not only what people can be made to buy by high-pressure salesmanship, but also what will bring people some measure of happiness. old, old question, to which the social sciences, as they progress, may help to provide a reasonable answer. Today business leadership makes very large demands. As we have had ample occasion to observe in the last decade. the men who are called upon to lead in business, domestically as well as internationally, should not only be | economists but attentive students of | history and social philosophers as well. How much hardship might have been averted if they had measured up to these specifications! In their education of students for business careers, uni- versities can hardly fail to take this fact, into account. The tendency to mistake the relative importance of things and ideas presents still_another opportunity. In the eyes of Europe our civ:lization appears to be | going from one mechanism to another, and we are op>nly accused of being so infatuated with the virtuosity of this| machine age that we have little time | to give thought to virtue. To the ®x- tent that it does exist, this is a weak-| u ness from whicn even universities are not entirely free. They have built up a machinery of administration which And what is happiness? An | |often tyrannizes over the faculty. Yet | as the approach to all subjects becomes broader a better balance of values will be set up and this evil will diminish. | Ancther thing: Social consciousness is a term which is beginning to have | definite meaning. It answers to a need |of what Prof. Jjohn Dewey calls our | corporate civilization. An individual must now share the lives of great | masses of his fellow beings. What they | do is of immediace concern to him and vice versa, and likewise the nations of the whole world are now neighbors. In some manner an individual must find | his ideals and work out his own sal- | vation as a cosmopolite. He has re- sponsibilities to ~cciety and to govern- ! ment which the sudden changes during | ® quarter of a century have so altered as to make them seem entirely new responsibilities. How shall we meet | them? | More specifically, the individual is associated with » great variety of hu- | man types—capitalist, socialist, Com- | munist. bigot ana free thinker, poet and | literalist—engaged in all sorts of occu- | pations. Representatives of each, pre- sumably, are as sincere as he is, have as strong convictions and as high am- | bitions. “He cannot merely brush aside | those whom he does not like. Our cor- | porate civilization prevents that. He | may not criticize or condemn until he understands; nor can he compete ex- cept by undersianding. Only broad and accurate knowledge will avail to adjust the individual 4 his environment and help him to master it. Can the social sciences co with such complex questions? In the light of what is now taking place, it seems safe to predict that the scientific spirit, Wwhich depends the wise discussion | of such questions, will recruit a mighty | band of “devotess, especially from the | rising generation. Y. W. C. A. NEWS ‘The hour of music today will be held at 5 o'clock with a program by studerts of the Washington College of Music. Tea will be served at 4 o'clock with the members of the Park View Chapter as hostesses, assisted by Miss Elizabeth Hastings of the Y. W. C. A. stafl. ‘The World Fellowship Committee will unveil the memorial tablet to Mrs. John Nicolson in the world fellowship room Wednesday at 11:30 o'clock. The service will be conducted by Dr. Charles | ‘Wood. Huston ‘Thompson, former Federal Trade Commissioner, will _be the speaker at the joint World Fellowship and Public Affairs Committee luncheon Wednesday at 12:30 o'clock at the Y. W. C. A. His subject will be “The Disarmament Conference—Looking To- ward the Limitation of Armaments. Reservations for the luncheon should be in by Tuesday at 1 o'clock. Committee meetings for the week are: K Street House Committee, 11 o'clock, Tuesday; Hospitality Committee, 10 o'clock, and Public Affairs Commit- tee, 2:30 o'clock, Wednesday. The Kahlert last Summer will have a week end party at Kamp Kahlert on Saturday. Piney Branch Chapter will meet Monday at 2 o'clock with Mrs. Manuel K. Kline, 5622 Ninth street. Miss Vir- ginia Carter Wingfield will be the speaker on the Y. W. C. A. work in South America. Chevy Chase Chapter will meet with Mrs. H. D. Adams, 3931 Legation street. Tuesday at 2:30 o'clock, with Mrs. William Allen Wilbur as as- sisting hostess. May Day Chapter will hold a bazaar in the lobby Friday. The Tuesday groups will have a din- ner December 1. The prcgram will be a Christmas one presenting the German Christmas traditions. Miss Margaret Pfannschmidt of the German embassy will present the story and Miss Iise Bahnemann, Miss Marlene Brenner and Mhull'llfi’lflfml(mnoch also (’*rom clfli embassy, will give a program o music. Reservations should be by Monday at 5 o'clock. ‘The Blue Triangle Club will have a club supper followed by & business meeting and hobby groups. ‘The Silverelle Club will go n a group to & gymnasium demo: staff of ccunsellors at Kamp|p nstrat.ca . D ,at American University on Priday. | Several members of the group are par- | ticipating in the demonstration. | . The Junior High School Girl Reserve Council will meet in the club rooms | Mcnday at 4 o'clock. Officers will be | elected. The Adelphae Girl Rescrve Club at | Western High School will have a music “surprise” meeting in Room 117 at the school. The Senior High School Girl Reserve Council will meet for supper at 5:30 o'clock Friday, followed by a business meeting. The Bon Secour Girl Reserve Club at Central High School is planning a pi¢nic for 18 little children from the Gospel Mission on Saturday. All the other Girl Reserves will have business meetings during the week. ' The music hour at the downtown center will be held today at 4 o'clock under the direction of the Alpha Chris- tian Endeavor of the Ninth Street Christian Church. Tea will be served at 5 o'clock with Miss Ruth Critchfield, Miss Caroline Reese, Miss Virginia Sinclair and Miss Virginia Harvey as ostesses. ‘The Optimists’ Club will meet Mon- day to hear Miss Bessie Davidson, a member of the club, talk on her ex- periences ~while traveling through India. Miss Virginia Wrigley will be the hostess. 'fl:& club is made up of unemployed girls who are taking vantage of the free dictation classes at the downtown center. ‘The Rainbow Club, composed of girls at the Kreage store, will have a Christ- mas party at 614 E street, under the direction of Miss Alcada Nelson, recrea- tion secretary. Miss Florence Jones and Miss Mary Utz will be the hostesses. | . The children’s music hour will meet | Saturday from 11 to IZ o'clock under | the direction of Miss Martha Davenport | to plan for their Christmas program. sl Hurley as Spokesman. From the St. Louis Times. An inspired speech by Secretary Hur- ley admits that the President will face a tax increase openly, emphasizing the appropriateness of having an announce- ment come from the of the War 1931—PART TWO. Plan Dirigible Line To U. S. From Hawaii HONOLULU.—Dirigible service on a commercial basis and with a regular schedule is planned from the Pacific Coast to Hawail and return, but its { actual establishment depends upon additional Federal legislation. This is the information recently received by John R. Galt, a local director in_the Pacific Zeppelin Transport Co. Ltd.,| from J. C. Hunsaker, president and general manager of the company, which is a subsidiary of the Goodyear-Zeppelin ration. coég?ndl'. Hunsaker, a former naval officer, says that definite steps on the Hawailan schedule will await the action of Congress on the McNary-Parker bill extending Federal aid to American- owned commercial airships. It is in- dicated that the company hopes this legislation will be passed by Congress this Winter. PUBLIC LIBRARY Getting Ready for Christmas. 0ol and Sunday School teachers, cluslfham]i community workers, may find Christmas material at the Public Li- brary. The following titles are sugges- tive. All the material is at the central library, st Eighth and K_streets, but each neighborhood branch also has some Christmas books, pamphlets, clip- pings, etc. Legends, Customs, History. ‘And well our Christian sire of old Love “ehen the year its course had ! lled, And n;):':lfght blithe Christmas back again, : is hospiteble train.” M Sir Walter S:n:‘.t, | f Christmas, with an Intre- Thz\g‘z?:n,nbycli ‘W. Mable. CRF.B647. The Book of Christmas, by T. K. Her- vey. FP.H44. ) A Eegrlslmu Book, an_Anthology for Moderns, by D. Wyndham Lewis and G. C. Heseltine. CRF.L58. St. Nicholas, His Legend and His Role in the Christmas Celebration and other Fupullchb\ztao‘ma, by G. H. McKnight, CRF. s, Chnstmnr.‘ in Ritual and Tradition, Christian and Pagan, by C. A. Miles. CRF.M504. Christmas, its Origin and Celebration, by R. H. Schauffler. CRF.Sch128. Christmas in Legend and Story, a Book ! for Boys and Girls, compiled by E. S. Smith and A. I Hazeltine. CRF.Sm54. Yuletide Stories, by Benjamin Thorpe. L.T397y. Music, Carols, Hymns. May ‘10y come from God above, To all those who Christmas love. Refrain from m: earliest existing carol, thirteenth century. Christmas Carols New and -Old, edited by H. R. Bramley and Sir John Stainer. VYRC.B736. Christmas Carols and Hymns, by H. E. Dann, VYRC.D235. Story of the Carol, by Edmondstoune | Duncan. VVL.V.D91. Carols Old and New for use at Christ- mas, compiled by C. L. Hutchins. VYRC.H973c. Fifty Christmas Carols of All Nations, edited by Eduardo Marzo. VYRC.- 369. The Oxford Book of Carols. VYRC.Ox2. Carols; Their Origin, Music and_Connec~ tion with Mystery Plays. VYRC.P54. Noel, by H. A. V. Ransom. VYRC.R178. Ancient English Christmas Carols, by Edith Rickert. YP9R423. Christmas Poetry. “Empty we go, and ill be-dight, SAnKPND(‘l on a Winter'’s night: Give us to su) b{ldu;e wlrm“flrell(ht‘,‘ g all child Jesus smile on you. And the sm: Hullf:dll;llo& ! Christmas in Poetry, compi! y the I Carnegie Library ‘School Assoctation. YP.9C216, and YP.9C216a. Christmas in Art and Song. YP.9C464. Come Christmas, a Selection of Christ. mas Poetry, Song, Drama, and Prose. edited by Lesley Frost. CRF.F92. The Poets on Christmas, by W. A. Knight. YP.9K745p. Christmas Treasury of Song and Verse, compiled by Temple Scott. YP.- 9Sco88c. Yule Fire, by M. O. B. Wilkinson. YP.9W654y. Essays and Sermons. “Then be ye glad, good people, This night of all the year, And light ye up your candles, For His star it shineth clear.” Old English Carol. The Feast of St. Friend: A Christmas Book, by Arnold Bennett. Y.B436f. By the Christmas Fire, by 8. M. C. Crothers. Y.C886b. An Old English Christmas, by Wash-~ ington Irving. Y.Ir8460. The World's Christmas Tree, by C. E. Jefferson. Y.J357w. Christmas Today, by H. W. Mabie. CRF.M112. In the Yule-Log Glow, by H. 8. Morris. ¥.M832i. A Wonderful Night, an Interpretation of Christmas, by J. H. Snowden. CRF.Sn63w. A Christmas Sermon, by R. L. Steven- son. Y.Stds7er. The Spirit of Christmas, by Henry Van Dyke. CRF.V289s. Christmas Stories. “Tonight no animal sleeps, save the serpent. The cock crows at every hour, and certain animals—the ox and the ass—converse in human speech. That is why one must not enter a stable on Chrisimas Eve.” Charles Le Goffic. The Christmas Books, by Charles Dickens. Contains: = A ~ Christmas Carol, The Chimes, The Battle of Life, The Cricket on the Hearth, The Haunted Man. Christmas Stories, by Charles Dickens. Contains: The Christmas Tree, What | Christmas Is as We Grow Older, The Poor Relation’s Story, The School- boy's Story. Nobody's Story, etc. | Christmas Storles, by J. A, Riis. | Colonel Carter's Christmas, by F. H. Smith. The Christmas Wreck, by F. R. Stock- ton. Beasley'’s Christmas Party, by Booth Tarkington. Christmas Books, by W. M. Thackeray. Christmas _in Modern Story, ed. by Maude Van Buren and K. I. Bemis. The Birds' Christmas Carol; The Old Peabody Pew, by K. D. Wiggin. Christmas Plays. “Why, Gentlemen, do you know what you doe? Ha, would you have kept me out? Christmas, old Christmas, Christ- mas of London, and Captayn Christ-| imu." Ben Johnson. | Short Plays. | The Holly Tree Inn, by Mrs, Oscar Ber- | " ringer. VUP.B45Th. 1 act; 4 men, | 3 women. | A Christmas Carol, by Charles Dickens. 1" 'VUP.Sag8. 1 act; 4 men, 3 women, 2 children. | yuletide Revels in Merrie England, by M. A Lewis and E. M. Verini. VUP.L389y. 1 act; 39 main char- ters. rista by Seumas O'Brien. hristmas Eve, YD.9Sh28ap. 1 act; 4 men, 2 wom- by en, 1 child. The Enchanted Christmas Tree, Percival Wilde. ¥YD.9Sh28ap. 1 act; 3 men, 1 woman, 20 or more children. Longer Plays. he_Tidings Brought to Mary, by Paul & Claudel. ~ ¥39D.C578a.E. Prologue and 4 acts; 3 men, & women, extras. e Christmas Child Comes In, Katherine Kester. VUP.K488c. 2 acts; 11 men, 15 women, extras. Nicholas, by M. G. Parsons. Jn 8t. A ehs Pefore Christmas, by W. P Ty as, 3 TR avior, VUBT2IN 3 aetar 11 characters. The Other Wise Man, by Henry Van Dvke. Y.D.V2830. 4 acts; 10 -men, 1 woman. Japan’s Millions and Crisis (Continued From First Page.) important transformation and utiliiza- tion of a great region which has been practically’ under your infuence ever | since 1905" The Japanese with whom I discussed this question admitted to me that a great majority of the industrial enter- prises undertaken hitherto in Man- | churia under Japanese management | had failed and that those which still | survive are unimportant. | The explanations I received appeared | to me to be full of the true national | dignity that lies in acknowledging one's | own mistakes and in not underestimat- ing one’s neighbors. “We ought to have brought her,” they told me, “all the qualities in which the Chinese are lacking—that is to say, a perfect technical organization, no make- shifts, no easy business, such as the manufacture of soya oil, which was bound to fall into the hands of the | Chinese. The check to the industrial | enterprise of the Japanese in Manchu. ria is due, above all, to want of knowl- edge, study, effort and union on the part of our directors and capitalists. The Japanese have too often yiclded to their passion for trusting to luck or to their longing for immediate suc- cess. Thus they could nét struggle against the Chinese, who are so re- doubtable in spite of their slowness.” “Would you not rather say because of their slowness?” I asked. “If you like. Moreover, our people have refused to study the habits and customs of the country, thinking that they are in a ccaquered land. With a disdain for the Chinese, for which we have had to pay dearly, it was long thought that wny Japanese .first-comer | would prove to be better than they. For instance, no first-class 4echnical expert | ! has yet 'been to Manchuria. Factories installed by poor- engineers give little satisfaction, even when they work. Al this has caused the delay in develop- | { ment—a_develooment which is now a | crying necessity for us.” | Whét Marines (Continued From Third Page.) things lessened the force of the Monroe | Doctrine, with its clear implicatius that | foreign powers are mnot to establish themselves in this hemispiere. These | factors, whether or not one approves of them, forced on the United States thz | responsibility of seeing of order was preserves the Panama Canal. For the execution of this policy, the Marines have been the principal imple- | that a modicum in areas close to ‘Those who spoke to me were sincere. The legend of Japanese duplicity is one of the masterpicces of our European hypocrisy. As 1f we were—we—so sin- cere all the time! What is unfortunate is that for the wesent these Japanese seem to have no great influence on the decisions of the Tokio cabinet But I think one may optimistically believe that in spite of governmental fits of blindness, the majority of think- ing Japanese have learned that Japan must not try to eject the Chinese or treat them haishly, and that the Chi- nese must be iniluded in their calcu- lations, This, and only this, s & line of po- litical and economic penetration worthy of a great people. ‘The Japancse—the masses as well as the highest lcading personalilties of Japan—understaud it and admit that it is the only paying policy in China. The most liberal-minded among the Japanese even {link that Japan ought to go farther and displace the United | States as the “friend of China.” In that, prebably, they will never succeed: Neighbors, in inccrnational life, rarely fecl and act as “best friends”; the “best friends” are on.y the neighbors of the neighbors. But if Japan can find the strength and courage to discard the warlike urgings of the miltaristic and reaction- ary parties and appear disloyal—only to_superficial otservers—to the flerce old Samural spirit, a great era may be unfolding for her sons in Manchuria and in the whole of China. If. on ths contrary, a government afraid of the movement for Gemocracy 80 rapidly spreaaing in Japan is really going to try the old game and precipi- tate international complications in oredr to be able better to. suppress the dagerous seeds of liberty, 2t home, then—ch, then, momentary successes might perhaps he found for the ap- proval of nationalistic crowds. . . . But eventual failure would be sure—as it always has been with the dictatorial and autocratic interest of a caste or of a party. Mean to. U. S. Tt also required tact, judgmeni and good hmmor, which one is glad to find in a‘trained d:plomat and which, when wisplayed by @ young enlisted man, is a rare compliment to that American youth from which he is drawn. Fairness Acclaimed. The sccess oftthe election, the ac- clamatfon of its fairness by all Ni raguan factions and the well nigh uni- ersal satisfactlon with the conduct of tiese young schairmen” was not ment. They hav: gone into_countries| Ohly a vital factor in the development {policy which sent them there. by |who had had experience along these such as Santo Domingo and Haiti; and | by the mere act of keeping the peace have enabled the natives to divert their energies from banditry and bloodshed to more stable soclal order. If they had confined theinselves to police work their contribuvion would have been highly significant. Byl in Haitf, for example, Marine supervision has led tp the construction of -roads and schools, 1o the improvement of sanitation and of public finances ahd to reforms of | legal methods which had been unbe- lievably inefficient and antiquated. When President Hoover withdrew most of the Marines from Haiti last year, such hope as the Haitians had of developing into a full-fledged state was due to the work of the Marines. It is beside the point to say that certain Halitian elements did not wish to have these improvements made, for the Marines had rothing to do Wlthwktlh: a must be admitted is that the Marines executed that policy with the utmost efficiency and bonesty and that whether or not the natives wished it, they did the natives a vast service. Revolt Started Azain. The Marines, then, served in a co- lonial capacity. The most recent and stormiest of their exploits in this field was in Nicaragua. This unfortunate land had had its succession of petty and cruel tyran's who kept the country in a constant state of revolt. For about 12 years, however, there had been quiet, dueé to the fact that about 100 Marines were stationed ut the American lega- tion. When thesc Marines were with- drawn by President Coolidge in 1926, revolt started again, with a degree of hloog"amd which could scarcely be sur- 58 It then seemed plain that to keep Marines in country merely in suffi- to support a corrupt dic- y worth while. It was haps assistance could be given Nicaragua which would enable her to keep her own house in order so as to conform sufficiently closely to that international standard of conduct which the world requires. In order to become a full-findged state, Nicaragua needed primarily two things—a police force and roads whereby this force could be brought to bear on the cen- ters of revolt. These centers, far away in jungle fastnesses, could somectimes be reached only by two months’ travel— a period in which time any number of violences could be committed. But be- fore these things could be done, a rea- sonably stable zuvernment had to be created—and thc corner stone for such | a government lay in a fair and free election. This was something which Nicaragua had never had before, and it involved a duty which was very novel to most of the Marines. Prior to that time an election had been a sign for mass drunkenness, for frequent voting by every adherent of the dictatorship in power and terrorism for those who were contrary minded. Gen. Frank R. Mc- Coy, who was appointed by the Presi- dent to supervise the election, had, in spite of his military status, spent much of his life in colonial work—in Cuba, in the Philippines, in Mindanao. By rare tact he succeeded in getting the various factions in Nicaragua to agree to a fair election. He organized. the country into election districts, some 400 in number, and at each polling place was a committee of three, con- sisting of one member of the “ins” one member of the ‘“outs” and one | Marine, who was chairman. Had Difficult Task. ‘The Marine chairman had a difficult job. For many months in advance of the election he had to be at his post to sugrvlse the registration of voters and decide the many contentious questions which kept stirring the minds of the hot-blooded Nicaraguans, Every detail seemed to become an issue of momentous significance. The hour of voting, the method of registration and the distance which watchers must keep from the polls were all questions which brought forth the most eloquent argu- ments from the native lawyers, de- livered in rapid Spanish and embel- lished with references to every imagin- able book of law. These questions had to be decided In one way or another, and the losing side had a right of appeal—and the even more formidable privilege of stirring up dissatisfaction among the natives, and perhaps in the United States, which might have injured the success of the entire election. Not unnaturally the natives were looking for signs of bad faith and favoritism on the part of the United States, and in the hands of the natives lay the answer to the question of whether or not a fair election was to be held. This was strange work for a “leather- neck.” Strange work, too, for young Amerjcans, the overwhelming majority of whom were still in their twenties. These men had not been selected be- caus» of special aptitude for the work, for there were virtually no men at all lines. The primary basis of selection was a knogledge of the Spanish lan- of Nicaragua; it would have been a very disturbing fnfluence if it had not succeeded.. The Nicaraguan election was held a few days before the Hoover- Smith election in the United States. If there had been mishaps the Marines would have been called some very harsh names. It is a privilege as well as an act of common fairness to pay tribute to _their success. This sketch has sought to give an idea of where the Marines are and what it is they do. The list, however, is from complete. The writer has seen them in different places, and the sight has never failed to make him proud of his country. In the dust and dirt of tropical villages one may meet ihem—or on the busy streets of Shang- hal. Wherever one finds Marines one sees men of vne physique who are im- bued with an unfailing courtesy. Those two speak of the undesirability of hav- ing the United States represented by such men have evidently not taken the trouble o see for themselves. If they were to do so, they would be hard put to it to find any other group of men Wwho would give the United States a better reputation abroad. The decision to reduce the size of the Marine Corps from a strength of 18,000 to 16,000 is based on the assump- ticn that thereby our three billion dol- lar government will save $750,000. It would be interesting to see how such a saving is justified. The mere value of the property in the United States is so vast as to make such a saving seem positively puny. The cash value of tge enormous. The value of American and foreign lives abroad which are thus protected is beyond price. 1t is as impossible to give a cash estimate of the value of the Marine Corps as it is to give a cash estimate of any governmental activity, be it the value of he police force or that of the existence of the United States Govern- ment. We know them to be great, but we must also admit them to be im- ronderable. ‘Wisdom Is Doubted. The wisdom of reducing the corps still further at this particular time seems to call for still further explana- ion. In a period of depressicn, one is told, the Government should not lay off its own personnel or reduce the num- ber which it normally employes. In- deed, in these times an increase in the size of the corps would be more in keep- ing with approved economic theory. Moreover, when conditions are bad the currents of affairs at home and abroad become more turbulent, and the exist- ence of a force like the Marine Corps is even more to be prized. If any one of a dozen conceivable emergencies were to arise, the estimated saving of $750,- 000 would look quite trifiing when weighty ~American interests are in Jjeopardy. Further whittling would be well nigh foolhardy. During the last 115 years of our na- tional existence, when we were at all times more remote from world affairs than we are now, the armed forces of the United States have been landed on foreign soil more than a hundred times. Surely the extent of our interests today provides no indication that the need for carrying out our policies has decreased, Indeed, such considerations seem to in- dicate that Americans are justly proud of the Marine Corps and would with difficulty see the need of reducing it at any time. The justification for cutting i¢ strength a this rather critical period seems even harded to grasp. Leipzig U. to Finish Big New Observatory BERLIN, Germany.—The year will see the completion of a large observatory now being built for the geophysical institute of the University of Lelpzig. The build- ing, which will be surmounted by an 80-foot tower, is being erected on solid rock in a forest on the Colm at Oschatz, a suburb of Leipzig. Near by, ir 2 small quarry, an “‘earthquake cellar” will be cx2avated for the obsarvatory's scismo- graph, while two further buildings will be erected for the study of terrestrial magnetism. The main building will be chiefly devoted to the study of atmos- pheric electricity. Al investigations will be out along the lines of coming e carried international geophysical research. Capper Discusses Tax Problems of Congress . (Continued Frcex Third Page.) prices for farm products will be re- stored, increasing buying power and wiping out unemployment: that taxes Wwill be reduced and equalized: that business of all kinds will be restored to_ap even keel. This is a time when partisanship must be put aside. American initia- guage and a good character. For long VUP.P256r. '3 acts; 2 men, 1 wom- | yionths every one of these young men | tive genius, a week’s journey nearest outpost. “He was usually the onl{ white man. Every day he was making decisions which might arouse hostility. Itw¥took courage of no small zodes—vhich cne expscis of a Marine. in a small tropical village, bull cart from the tive, American pluck, American inven- licy, and the 1 Ami 'lmm lnlrl'é O real erican Ip:ult be backed up with true Ameri- can statesmanship and American lead- ership. I have the utmost confidence that we shall meet these great prob- lems in & way that befits Am and her gesting as a united poopie.