Evening Star Newspaper, October 14, 1931, Page 8

THE EVENING STAR With Sunday Morning Edition. 2 WASHINGTON, D. C. WEDNESDAY . ..October 14, 1931 . Editor THEODORE W. NOYES.. The Evening Star Newspaper Company yr Yok Sieel TR el Rate by Carrier Within the City. e Evening Star 45¢ per month Evening and Sunday Star (vnen 4 Bundass) *'80c per month ndays) . 5c per month Sta \.,.5c per copy T oifertion made st the eid 6f ‘each month Orders may be sent in by mall or telephone NAtional 5000. Rate by Mail—Payable in Advance. Maryland and Virginia. Daily and Sund 1yr.310.00:'1 mo. Y, 1yr, ,$6.00; 1 mo. e b1t A 35 '34.00; 1 mo.. doc el All Other States and Canada. v an 1yr.$12.00: 1 mo.. §1 Bally onfy Sundar. 135 *1880: 1me.. ¥y flunday only A .00; 1 mo., 5 $ 0c Member of the Associated Press. The Associated Press is exclusively entitled to the use for republication of all LeWS ais- atches credited to it or not otherwise cred- ted in this paper and aiso the local news published herein. Al rights of pulicatioz of special dispatches n_are_nlso_rese: America’s Russian Policy. Few foreign policies adopted by the United States in modern times have been more . consistently maintained than the program of non-recognition | of Soviet Russia. Four Presidents and | all their respective Secretaries of State | have successively and uncompromis ingly adhered to it. The willingness of other governments to establish official intercourse with the Communist autoc- racy has signally failed to deflect the United States from its determination not to sanction the things that bol- shevism stands for. American public opinion overwhelmingly sustains that attitude. The State Department has just pub- lished the first of three volumes of diplo- matic documents covering American rela- tions with Russia in 1917 and 1918. The United States had been the first country to recognize the revolutionary pro- visional government in Russia. This was prior to its entrance into the war, | In his famous address to Congress on April 2, 1917, recommending the dec- laration of a state of war, President Wilson referred to free Russia as “a fit partner for a league of honor.” On | April 14 the President suggssted to the Kerensky government the sending of an American commission “to consult with the Russian government as to the best means of co-operation and to convey a message of good will from the United States.” The Root special mission Yol- lowed in due course, and the State De- partment volume contains the previously unpublished report of its accomplish- ments. Trte Root mission went out in May and returned in August. The educa- tional and other activities intended to keep up Russia’s enthusiasm for the war and the allied cause, with which Amer- ica was now identified, were inaugu- rated at the end of October, 1917. By | this time events in Russia were moving | irresistibly toward the November revo- lution in which the bolsheviks threw the Kerensky provisional government out of power. From that point on- ward, American policy underwent & change. American sympathies with the broad masses of the Russian people and | their aspirations for freedom remained | unalloyed. But the treachery of Brest- Litovsk, when Lenin, Trotsky and their | co-conspirators sold out the allied cause to Germany, naturally cooled the ardor | of the people of the United States, even though as late as May 8, 1918, Secretary Lansing asserted that “the | friendly purpose of the United States | toward Russia * * * will Temain un-| altered so long as Russia does not will- | ingly accept the autocratic dcmination | of the central powers.” On the same | day came Ambassador Francis' telegram from Petrograd, urging allied interven- tion as the only means of preventing German domination of Eussia. Thence=| forward American diplomatic and con- | sular officers all over the world were | ordered to desist from any sort of re- | Jations with Soviet representatives. This valuable contribution to the his- torical record of America's great ad- | Anally ended when you are directed to Orleans to Baton Rouge to take per- sonal command of his armed forces. Thereupon Dr. Cyr telegraphed from Shreveport an order to the adjutant general of the State Militia to disband the troops and thww the question into the courts for seftlement, signing his order as Governgg and commander in chief. Informeg of this move, Gov. Long carried the war into the enemy's camp, issuing & statement dismissing Dr. Cyr as lieutenant governor on the ground that taking the oath as CGov- ernor ended his official status as Meu- tenant governcr. “He is now nothing, sald Gov. Long. “He isn't the Gov- ernor by a long shot. By his action he puts himself out. So far as his taking the oath of office as Governor is con- cerned, that is not sericus enough to be even funny " Surely this situation requires prompt adjudication. The State cannot have two Governors at the same time. There cannot be two commanders in chief of the State Militia. And, furthermore, the question persists—can a Governor of a State be at the same time a Sena- tor of the United States, even though he has not taken the oath of the latter office? If Dr. Cyr has in fact the fight- ing blood that his recent action indi- cates, this question may lead to a com- | plexity that will require the wisdom of | the highest tribunal of law for a settle- ment. — o What Would You Do? If your child is stricken suddenly with ! some terrifying form of mvsterious ill ness, or if your child is the victim of | an accident, you must remember. dear parent, that there are certa’n rules and ! regulations laid down for the conduct | of hospitals which must not be \'iollucL’ Instead, therefore, of placing your child in an automobile and rushing to thP‘ nearest hospital you must first deter- mine whether your child is afflicted | with & contaglous disease; whether you | can afford to enter your child as & “pay patient,” and, if not, whether you have first made suitable arrangements with the Board of Public Welfare for obtaining a permit, or a blank form of some sort properly filled out, that will assure the child’s reception. Is that an unfair, or harsh, conclu- slon? Is it not true that any hospital | will provide, promptly and efciently, necessary first-aid treatment and tender care for a sick or injured child? Three cases of children who were sent from hospital to hospital and re- fused admittance, on one ground or another, have been described in the newspapers. In two of the cases Lh(‘. children died and it cannot be assumed | that it would have been possible, under any conditions, to save their lives. In each case there may have been excel- lent reasons for the actions taken by the hospital authorities. But the ex- planations remain merely explanations. There is no excuse for the existence of conditions that these three cases have presented. Place yourself in the position of the frantic parents who rushed to the near- est hospital, Sibley, with a child of five, badly burned. There, after the ad- ministration of first aid, you are told that as the child, on your own assere tion, has been suffering from whoop- ing cough, the child must be removed to another institution, where a conta- glous ward is maintained. You stand counting the minutes while arrange- ments are made through the Health | Department for transfer of the child in | a Health Department ambulance. In desperation you finally take the child in your own car to Garfield. In your ignorance you go to the wrong entrance. One department of the hospital has been notified of your case, but the other has not. And the great dilemma is take the child to Children’s Hospital. Or take the case of the child with! symptoms that the lay parents recog- nized as lockjaw. Emergency Hospital, administering a hypodermic, sends the child to Children's; Children's sends the patlent to Gallinger. At Gallinger, an hour or so later, anti-tetanus is ad- ministered. Or take the case of the child rushed by his parents to Children’s. No per- mit from the Board of Public Welfare and the child must be rushed to Gal- venture in Old World affairs denotes,| with documentary evidence in support, | that the United States’ policy of refus- ing to deal with Communist Russia| sprang from early and penetrating | realization of what Sovietlsm meant.| Charles Evans Hughes, early in his| career as Secretary of State, reaffirmed | that the doctrine of non-recognition,; among other grounds, rested on thej Soviet government's “progressive im-! poverishment” of the Russian people. That process continues. to this day. George Bernard Shaw's impudent and superficial assurances to the contrary notwithstanding. Because the Soviet, would extend Its destructive system to| other countries, including the United States, is cne of the reasons why the American people want and will hav none of it. Russiz2 finds that ccmmunistic theories cannot change human nature to the extent of eliminating the desire ' of every individual to be a little better ©off than his neighbors. B Who Is Governor of Louisiana? The League of Nations Council at! Geneva, ncw wrestling with the Sino- Japanese embroglio, will probably not be called upon to avert civil war in Louisiana, but the situation in that State involves questions that are almost as difficult as those that have developed | in Eastern Asia. Huey Long. Governor of the State, was elected to the United States Senate in 1930, entitled t> take his seat in that body whenever the 72d Congress should meet in 1931, Dr. Paul Cyr was chesen Lieutenant Governor. Between Gov. Long and Dr. Cyr & politicel feud exists. Gov. Long has refused to relinquish the State office to take his senatorship because that would /automatically promote Dr. Cyr to the governorship. Yesterday Dr. Cyr at- tempted & coup d'etat. He went before a deputy court clerk at Shreveport and took the oath of office as Governor, contending that Long's election to the Senate last November automatically retired him from that post. Upon learning of this move Gov. Long ordered a unit of the National Guard to occupy the executive mansicn and ! executive offices and the Capitol to pre- vent Dr. Cyr from seizing them and personally made o swift dash from New linger. At Galiinger the physician de- cides that the case is Dot an emergency case, therefore as the rules provide that when a case is not an emergency case | the patient cannot te admitted without | properly filled out blank forms. The parents return home. The child, hap- pily, recovers. There may be reasonable explana- tions for all this. But there is no con- vincing excuse. Can the Health De- partment, or the Board of Public Wel- fare, or the hospitals inform parents, what to do in an emergency; how w! avoid this cruel rushing from one hos-I pital to another in the future? vt | If Lady Astor really likes the ccnwri of the stage as much as many believe | she does, she will never again take a professional comedian with her when“ she makes a trip to Mescow. e Another Progressive. ! The first Wisconsin congressional district has elected a La Follette Pro- gressive Republican to fill the vacancy in the House caused by the death of the late Representative Henry Allen Cooper. The nomination of Amlie, the Republican Progressive, ten days ago virtually settled the election, however, and the balloting yesterday was light. The conservative branch of the Repub- lican party in this district made its fight for the nomination against Amlie and was defeated by & narrow margin. Apparently the conservatives did not bother to cast their votes in the elec- tion yesterday, for the total vote for Amlie appears to be little larger than the vote he received in the primary. Despite the very considerable Con- servative Republican vote in the dis- trict, the late Henry Allen Cooper had no difficulty in ecarrying it year after year, so popular was he. His attitude in opposition to the entry of the United States into the World War brought a defeat in 1918, but he was renominated and elected in 1820, after the glos eof the war. Mr. Cooper was a follower of the elder La Follctte, a Progressive of progressives in Wis- consin. F ‘The Democratic candidate for the Cooper seat in the House received only a negligible vote. The opposition to Amlie really expressed itself in the sup- port given to the Socialist candidate, A. J. Bouma, who polled upward of i i i I stead of gasoline may persuade a few A-8 ; THE EVENING STAR, B .. A e W e e e 7,000 votes, the largest vote ever given & Soclalist in that district. ‘The political lesson to be learned from the electicn in the first Wisconsin district is that discontent with the csablished order has increased. There seems to be no desire to turn to the Democratic party for relief. The dis- gruntled have merely gone further along the road to State soclalism. In the eyes of Corservative Republicans the Progressives and the Socialists differ very little in Wisconsin, although the Progressives insist upon retaining the Republican label. The newly elected member of the House will be listed as a Republican when he comes to Washington. He will join the Republican Progressive group, which holds the balance of power in that body, provided the Republicans are able to maintain their majority of one until and after Congress meets. Should the Republicans lose this majority to the Democrats in other elections to fill House vacancies, the Progressive grcup becomes merely a minority of a minority party. In some quarters it has been suggested that the Progressive Repub- licans in the House would join with the Democrais to give that party control of the House organization. But how the Progressives would gain by such a stroke is so uncertain as to make the suggestion that they will hop the fence all the way and go Democratic appear unlikely. - - Rumors that Albert Fall is being treated with consideraticn are not like- | ly to arouse popular resentment. It vecd not be assumed that he is for- given. The public has merely lost in- terest. = pe— Although elways an able disciplin- | arlan, Hindenburg may be wondering whether German politics is not develop- ing more bright young men than tra- ditional authority can manage. e———— ‘The inventor who claims he can run automobiles with compressed air in- oil wells to ¢!>~~ down without waiting | for orders from the Oklahoma governor. ———— e ‘The theory that like is cured by like is finding favor in economics. When one great corperation gets into difficul- ty, another corporation still greater is formed to relieve it. ——— et — A Capone' guardsman resented having his gun taken from him. For a gang- | ster the absence of a gun simply spoils the argument. ) China m:y be entertalning hopes that the League of Nations can prolong the discussion so as to postpone the fight indefinitely. } - Childhood days are not so happy as: popularly supposed when little ones | have difficulty in getting into schools or | even into hospitals, r—oe— " SHOOTING STARS. BY PHILANDER JOHNSON. The Boss. The tasks that others undertake Seem easier than mine, And Envy will contrive to make It hard to stay in line. My pulse is often beating fast | With an ambitious throb. I sigh with self-importance vast, | “Oh, let me boss the job.” | To boss the job at last I tried. I toiled with gladsome zest. Anxieties on every side | Drew near to banish rest. | At last I turn with troubled mind To hours bereft of glee. I do not boss the job. I find The job is bossing me. I read of men who long ago ‘With splendid deeds drew near, Yet were compelled at last to know Injustice and a sneer. So, as the world employs the great In wisdom and nerve, T'll be with those who stand and wait. We, too, may also serve. Playing Safe. “You speak with much admiration of | count | presented news account JASHINGTON, TH WEDNESDAY, IS AND THAT BY CHARLES E. TRACEWELL. Next to explaining a personal prefer- ence to another, the most difficult feat is to explain it to one’s self. A liking for a certain novelist, for instance. Many of his novels were first pub- lished 50, 60 years ago. A reader still finds them the very quintessence of the modern. Here in this book, published half a century before Russla took the turn it launched out on in 1917, the very fea- tures of government which many re- gard as so novel were voiced in full. In this old novel the reader finds large-scale farming, manned by the en- tire peasantry, as a unit, discussed with a tinge of mode‘rnl‘nm‘wt’\lch 1s amazing. ‘The essential modernism, in style and thought, of this author, however, is not sufficient in itself to explain the grip which his narratives have upon the reader. Cheracter study? * Yes, surely there is good character study here, even for an age which was just beginning to delve into the inner things of the human mind and soul. Psychology was but a name when the author under discussion made a mo- mentous resolve. It was nothing more nor less than to partray a set of human beings as the products of their time and place in the world. Other men had attempted the same thing, and to many first-rate critical minds had achieved more distinction and more world-wide popularity. To the reacer in question, however, none of them could touch, for sheer | interest in the reading, the works of this great favorite awhor of his. ok ox % Character study alone could not ac- for the preference for this author. Naturalism, so-called? Other authcrs have been devoted to the natural way of telling a tale with- out fascinating the reader in this case. Many of them have gone far beyond the bounds of this author. Many an American writer of the present age has put things upon paper | which would have made the stories of this old continental blush with shame. | Surely his stories are naturalistic, as it i1s called, but they fall far short of the work of some of our moderns, as we delight in calling them (as if time alone will not make them far from modern tomcrrow). Why, this man had a novel, writ- ten half a century ago. whose title might have been properly translated “Red Hot.” * x x It is not naturalism. then, which can be held by the reacer as account- ing alone for the great which these books have for him. Can it be a certain style of writing which has been called journalistic? These storles begin and flow on in much the same manner that a properly of a great event takes the reader along with it There is a cerlain breathlessness in | the telling which avoids any conscious striving for cffect. Usually when newspaper writers strain hard for effect they secure only the mawkish. That happens because time presses, and time is a hard master. * o owox Let us sum up the characteristics which we have so far: 1. Modernism. WASHIN i BY f'REl)Ek;;I All Federal financial officials con- cerned with the $500.000,000 banking | Pool for the rediscounting of frozen as- | sets are walting to see how much of it 1s actually going to be used. They will be surprised if it is extensively drawn upon. The effect of the project devised by President Hoover and the banks was intended to be mainly psy- chological. That the plan has already nad that precise repercussion is un- doubted. As a distinguished Treasury personage puts it to this observer: “Un- certainty has all of & sudden been suc- ceeded by certainty. That is every- thing.” Amplifying this statement, the official explained that what the aver- age bank with “slow paper” needs is the assurance that in case of necessity it can go to a Federal Reserve Bank and realize on it. It wants to know, in other words, that the money is there, if and when required. In the early days of the war the Treasury estab- lished a $135,000,000 cotton loan fund. Only about one loan, and that was un- der $20,000, was ever called for. The Treasury about .the same time created a $100,000.000 gold fund for use by allied Europe. Just one transaction, $10,000,- 000, took place, and even that amount didn't get very far afield, as Great Brit- ain had the money sent to Canada. * K * fascination | GTON OBSERVATIONS | Einstein.” 5 y Two-thirds of all the banks that have “I admire him so much,” answered| fajled in the United Sietes since Jan- Senator Sorghum, “that I have tried to, usry 1, 1930 were small-caliber insti- copy him. When I tell an sudience that, Lutions. A very large number consisted ith the minimum T have solved an important problem, I Of SRO0H babks itk the minimum impress them as far as possible with cf 1900. Under such conditions as have the iden that T am such a deep thinker | existed since the Fall of 1920 it became 2. Character study. 3. Naturalism. 4. Journalistic. Still the secret eludes us, for these things have been part and parcel of many good novels, and still are, but they are not sufficient in themseives to explain the hold this writer has on the reader under survey. He has reached the point, with this, his author, that he finds himself will- ing and taqer to accept anything he wrote, knowing in advance that he will be_well pleased. That is what is known as reader happiness. o Cz:nnder reader happiness for & mo- ment. ‘There are many sorts of happinesses in the world, despite the fact that we do not know exactly why we are here or where we are going. Though a certain pessimism is at the root of life, there are happinesses for most human beings, God willing, which it 1ll behooves any man to cry down. ‘The happiness of the hearer of good music is one. The happiness of the advocate of open-air sports is another. The happiness of congenial work is another, The happiness of the home s another. The happiness of a good book is an- other; when a reader is in the midst of & book which suits him, then he | knows reader happiness. * % ox ¥ | 1t is this particular sort of happiness | which he finds difficult to explain to | himself, because it transcends the effort { to_catch it in a net of words. | It is not one or more of the sepa- | rate good qualities which the writer may have, nor is it the result of the blend of them. The reader asks himself at last: “Can it be because the writer and I are alike?” This is an idea, undoubtedly, .one which every reader of good books must ask himself, in regard to all the writers he prefers, and especially those he likes best. It is pleasant to dabble with the idea that two souls are born, the world apart, to have certain qualities in com- mon, ‘so that when they meet at last, belween the pages of a book, they clasp hands in true fraternity. o * Life is at bottom lonely, especially for the person who thinks. Be gregarious as much as you please, if you muse over the people you meet, | their words and actions, you know at| last that few men have anything in | common, and that the amazing thing is, not that they fight, but that they get along as well as they do, since they are forever strangers to each other, no matter how many butlons they wear in_common. It is a real happiness, then, to meet, even in the pages of bool some author | whose thought processes, whose likes | and dislikes, reveal him as better than a blood brother to the reader. The latter knows that if he had met the man in person he might not have liked him at all; but meeting him here only in words, the best parts of both writer and reader see each other as they are. This writer, this reader, see eye to| eye, and their hearts beat as one over | | the gap of the years. 1t is a miracle; let the reader make the most of it, | | | | | { WILLIAM WL ! | It was the late Senator Dolliver, the ' original Republicen Progressive, of lowa, who dubbed the late Senator Warren of Wyoming “the greatest shepherd | since Abraham.” Comes Henry Breck- | inridge. one-time Assistant Secretary of War and now New York lawyer (he is Col. Lindbergh's personal counsel among other things). and coins a name for former Gov. Harry F. Byrd of Vir-| ginia. He calls the Oid Dominions | Democratic candidate for the presidency | “the greatest orchardist since Eve."} Byrd grows apples commercially on a vast scale in the Shenandoah Valley. ok o % Marshal Petain. who heads the dis- tinguished delegation of Frenchmen ar- | Tiung jor the Yorktown celebrations, ' is the republic’s greatest living soldier. | Born in 1856, he has been in the army | continuously since entering_the French ! West Point, Ecole de St. Cyr, in 1874. | His countrymen venerate Petain as the | hero of Verdun. It was he who rallied the army's broken moral: after the great German offensive of 1917 and, clevated to the rank of commander in chief of all the forces in the field, pro- cceded to organize victory. Petain was | made a marshal of Prance at the end | of the war and appointed vice president | of the Supreme War Council. Early | ar the marshal was named in- | general of the French air forces, | |a position he now holds. Petain and Pershing became fast friends in France. | The American staff found Petain a stern, brusque soldier who knew his own mind and always spoke it. Another of | Pctain’s honors is his membership in the Acadenffe Francaise, conferred in 1929 as a tribute to his scholarship in | the science of arms. ¥ ® Wk | mer. | foniers, tables, chairs and bedsteads in | with the inside turn, that they mustn't be disappointed if they don't understand me.” | “There’s no kind of socialism that'll secure equal division,” said Jud Tun- kins. “Some men will always have most of the money, same as some boys al- ways have most of the marbles.” | Racketeer Rivalry. “I wish,” remarked the racketeer, “That the old days again were here, | When pals I had to trust would not | Conspire to put me on the spot. | “Politeness insufficient seems When partners in nefarious schemes Feel righteous, if they condescend To buy me flowers, at the end.” More Study. “You ought to study political econ- omy.” “I s'pose I might as well” agreed Farmer Corntossel. “As things have been goin’, I've had to study every other kind.” Musical Indeed. “Are Americans musical?" | “I should say we are. We are getting 50 we don't want to buy anything un- less somebody has put a song over ahowl . it on the radio.” b “A battle, whether won or lost,” said Hi Ho, the sage of Chinatown, “brings sorrowing to future generations. A war cloud never has a silver li‘nin‘." Lingering Summer. Good-by, Summer. Weeks ago ‘The program closed your act. My old thermometer is slow To ascertain the fact. | “Don't be too sure you's right,” said nufléorALs Uncle Eben, “because you is attractin’ :nlunficn. A loud voice singin’ off de beria in 19: | key makes folks stop an’ listen, whether gh’.’.’.}l'fo' dey likes it or not.” -— B Gandhi Offered Chicago Pol From the Janesville Gazette. l Gandhi wants prohit: I>n for India. We will be glad to t:n oter to him a ce to enlurce it i | physically impossible for concerns with such slender resources to weather the storm. The ineviteble result was thaot they went to the wall in dozens. The American banking structure that re- mains is immeasurably sounder for the disappearance of most of the banks that had to clse their doors. Once withdrawal of deposits by nervous mem- bers of the public has ccased and hoard- | ing come to an end, the banks of the United States will be in position to stand any strein they're likely to face. The 400 cléaring h-use associations of the country, with more than $47,500.- 000.000 of deposits. are back of the great Credit Corporation just organized. Back of those _billions—if stend the Federal Finance Corporation which President H:over may ask Con: gress to authorize. These are the p chological factors which have restored banking confidence during the past week as if by magic. R One of the most eloquent addresses heard in Washingion in many a day was delivered by M. Dantes Bellegarde, | Haitian Minister to the United States, at the Carnegie Peace Endowment luncheon for the Pan-American com- mercial delegates. M. Bellegarde spoke in what orle of his hearers called “Sorbonne Parisian” French. the sonorous diction, fire of a Briand. Apologizing for not talking English, the Haitian said that, *r all, “French is only English badly - nounced.” One of M. Bellegarde's statements which had news value to most of his audience was that the French troops who fought at Yorktown in 1781 came almdst entirely from Haiti, the island at that time being & French colony. M. Bellegarde is the diplomat who had a run-in with Smedley Butler last Spring in connection with the Haitian fort capture which brought the Jate Marine general one of his con- gressional meda’s of honor. * ok ok K Secretary Stimson's release of _the hitherto unpublished report of the Root Mission to Russia in 1917 synchronizes with the appearance of & book entitled “America’s Siberian Adventure.” The Maj. Gen. Willlam 8. Graves, retired, who commanded the Army that was sent to Si- 19. ‘Through the volume, for er Secretary of War Newton . Ba writes a foreword, runs the suggestion that our armed intervention in Siberia would have been a far less inglorious episode if the State Depart- ment had kept its hands ofi purely military affairs. Gen. Graves, frank and detailed account of the ex- pedition, exposes the ruthlessness of the Japanese in pursuing their own aims prar.lnu agreement with the i American necessary—will | in al One of Washington's journslistic wits mints & name for bankers with “slow assets.” He says they are “God's frozen seople.! . g Premier Laval of France is to be ac- ccmpanied to Washington this month by a considerable entourage of cele- brated Parisian journalists. They'll be ' headed by M. Andre Geraud, the famed “Peretina: of the Echo de Paris. Pertinax wields as much power in France as a cabinet minister. He at- ‘ended the Washinglon armament con- ference in 1921 and was back here last | year to adliress the Society of American | Newspaper Editors. It was on the lat- | ter occasion that M. Geraud took the liberty of lecturing the dnited States for its hands-off policy toward Europe, | with President Hoover seated at his | right hand. { (Copyright, 1931.) - .- Shorter Working Hours To Give Employment ‘To the Editor of T: e Star* Si Numberless committees and commissions are daily wrestling with | elaborate methods of curing that dire disease of the body politic known as “‘unemployment.” One might suppose that & new and insoluble problem had been presented to the human race in all countries of the globe save Russia. But to use common sense seems to | point to a quite simple cure which | needs no delay, and will brook no de- | ley. in being put into universal opera- {tion. Memory takes me back to my | early experience as a worker, a clerk, |in the banking business. | At that time our regular working hours for ministering to the meeds of | the great public were from 9 am. to !4 p.m., and thereafter from a half hour to three hours were employed, as need fwas, in closing and balancing books. | Moreover, there was no half-holiday ion Saturdays, for I remember being | present at the first meeting held to | agitate for that great boon to workers. |But lo! Bank business hours have | now suffered a daily reduction of two, | but banking still goes on as usual, | though with larger clerical staffs. So far as I last heard there has been no | banker who has complained of the | change, or become bankrupt because | thereof. Nor was any worker's pay re- duced! Apply this reduction of hours to all | other workers. If one-fourth are un- | employed, while those employed arc working elght hours a day, the dimin- | ishing of those working howa by ane- “fourth would autgmat y give em- | | OCTOBER 14, 1931 Tablet Evokes Smoke Nuisance Reflections To the Editor of The Star: In the little brick chapel bullt over the foundations of the original church erected at Jamestown, Va., by the Eng- lish colonists in the seventeenth cen- tury there is a tablet stating that the memorial was presented by an associ- ation of tobacco manufacturers to com- memorate the introduction and culti- vation of the weed in Americs at that time by the late Thomas Rolfe. ‘The tablet is as startling and as in- appropriate as would be a memorial plac in a noted Milwaukee or St. Louis church by the brewers to com- memorate the “fame” attained by those cities: because of the beer industry. A memorial placed in a Kentucky meet- ing house to commemorate the first “moonshine” still could not be more ludicrous than the tobacco manufac- turer's bronze and brazen advertise- ment placed in the historic Jamestown edifice. Desecration of a place of worship by careless tobacco users was observed during the Knickerbocker Theater dis- aster in Washington about a decade ago. Auxiliary relief agencies which, during the war a few years previous, had bscome accustomed to freely fur- nishing cigarettes to service men, ap- parently forgot they were in a church and handed out tobacco indiscriminate- 1y to the rescue workers bringing in the dead and wounded from the neighbor- ing_theater ruins. The edifice reeked with tobacco fumes | and the atmcsphere was akin to that of an old-time bar room, the smoke permeating the air during the Sunday service that day. Recently after a church service a stranger was observed to remove a cigarette from a pack and place it in his mouth preparatory to lighting up as the congregation moved along the aisle on its way out of the edifice. ‘The incident serves to illustrate how far the careless smoker forgets where | he is. committing those thoughtless acts | which result in property damage some times involving the loss of human life. It is nlleged that cigarettes have caused many of the disastrous forest fires that | burned over 50,000,000 acres last Sum- News items occasionally tell of mattresses and upholstered furniture being ignited because the smoker had fallen asleep with a lighted cigarette be- tween his fingers. Touring the Eastern United States the traveler certainly has enough reminders of the introduction and cultivation of | tobaoco in America. The finish of chif- hotel rooms is sometimes seared and damaged by cigarette ends left burning on such pieces of furniture. Even the | linen shows burned holes. Unless a | servant makes frequent rounds to empty the smoking stands placed at the ends | of lounges and chairs in public rooms, the guest is likely to find stalc-smelling and dirty ash trays at his elbow. A recent Associated Press dispatch | stated that as an economy measure a rubber floor covering is to be placed in the National House of Representatives because each year it is necessary to re- place the carpet bscause of tobacco stains, cigarette and cigar burns. convention - of chefs assembled at At- lantic City a few years ago deplored and disapproved smoking in public eat. ing places for the reason that the cus. tom destroyed the flavor of the cookery. ‘Who has not been in a restaurant wher the draft of strong tobacco fumes ha destroyed the flavor of a delicious dish' Is it not time that an effort wer made to educate the thoughtless smoker | to be considerate of the rights and privileges of others? LEWIS L. YOUNG. | Why Have Turning Iiule For Autos? W er Asks To the Editor of The Star With further reference to this left- | turn situation I have no desire to par- ticipate in a *’ls-and-‘tain't” fight, nor do I detect in Mr. Coe's corre- spondence evidence of any such desire. However, experiences and opinions are of some littlo moment, as Alice might have remarked to the Red Queen, and I did not by any means express myself fully in my last letter. I had no as- bestos paper. The opinion at which I have arrived is not that ideas regarding left-turn methods are different ways at looking at thirgs, but the result of varying ex- periences. The radial boulevards that have control, with moderate cross traf- fic and at most intersections a mini mum number of left turns, and in gen- eral with certain cross streets bringing in a large number of left-turners, can- not help being improved in traffic conditions by any method that gets such traffic out of the intersection with the least possible delay. However, practically all controlled | corners are in a block of territory hu- morously called the business section even during times like these. Driving through this section for 16 to 18 blocks, | all controlled intersections. with nu merous left turns being made at every cross street, is definitely a harder job what with dou- ble-parked cars, electric bread trucks ' and pedestrians walking blindly out | from between parked cars. all blocking traflic in the left-hand channel, and left-turning vehicles blocked by reverse traffic holding up things on the right. Rush-liour driving under thoss condi- tions is just one step after—-long after —another. Add to this the crazycab drivers—about a quarter of the taxis is my guess—who are above all regu- latien, and 1 stick to my claim that thines are in a mess fog fair. It is hard to accept the theory that any set rule for turning can be best, or even good, for all intersections. The widths of streets vary; so do the angles of intersections, the amount of traffic, the percentage of turning cars and, above all, the temperaments of drivers. Holes are dug in the streets, and other obstructions are met. ing a right-and-left turn, as about the Carnegie Library. The driver who is on the spot can size up the situation very well. He knows the turn that will expe- dite, not only his own turning, but which will avoid blocking others. So why have a left-turn regulation? If cutting cor- ners is “O. K.” instead of the heinous offense it used to be, certainly no dam- age whatever is done to traffic move- ment if other methods of turning are permitted. But, “for the luvva Mike" give the through traffic the right 6f way over reverse leit-turning cars! During seven or eight years under the rotary turn Washington drivers and ' pedestrians disciplined themselves into a smoothly working, correlated whole, where everybody had a chance and could affoyd to give the other fellow his. , It can't be done now. What you don't take out of consideration for the troubles of a second party, a third does. Some grab the right of way at all hazards when making a left turn, and the hazards are not light ones at all inter- sections. And so on, Mr. Editor, for seven , more columns, My objection to the inside left turn is not based alone on the loss of time, | as T rather imagine I have made clear, ' but my trip time has been increased by 50 per cent, of which practically all can be blamed on the turn. That time may be very well saved some one else, but (1) I doubt it, and (2) it is my ox that shed blood this time. LAWRENCE BATSON. ployment to all the unemployed with a °° six-hour day for all. If somewhat less than the six-hour day is the measure of the business need for bankers, why not arrange the same measure for workers in all other occu- pations? The measure of leisure en- Jjoyed at present by one or two classes of workers could then be equally en- Jjoyed by all. Whatever this shortening of hours might add to the cost of pro- duction would be at least somewhat compensated by the greater demand for the goods produced because of the greater number of employed wage earners able to purchase the products. Moreover, it would conserve the work- er's self-respeci! Something must be done, why not try this? EDWARD BERWICE. | cut vellow A driver is mak- D: ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS BY FREDERIC ]. HASKIN. ‘Washington is the wor]d's greatest storehouse of all kinds of knowledge. You can draw on it free of charge through our bureau there. Any ques- tion of fact you may ask will be answered promptly in a personal letter to you. Be careful to write clearly, give your full name and address, and inclose 2-cent stamp for reply postage. Send your inquiry to The Evening Star Information Bureau, Frederic J. kin, director, Washington, D. C. Q. How many base ball players in the major leagues made 10 or more home runs this year in the regular season?—C. T. A. In the American League there were 14—Ruth and Gehrig tying for the lead with 46 home runs aplece. In the National Leagus 16 players made lo‘thol’zqmol’e home runms, Ott leading wi 5 Q. What, if any, is the connection tween the A. F. L. and the I. W. W.. and where is the headquarters of each?—E. L. 8. A. There is no connection whatever between the American Federation of Labor and the Industrial Workers of the World. The A. F. of L. headquar- ters is A. F. of L. Building, Washington, D. C., and the headquarters of the I. gbw is 9) East Tenth street, New York Y. Q. Have half the homes in the United States radio sets?—M. R. be- w. A. Tt is estimated that about 10,000, | 000 homes are equipped for radio recep- tion and that about 19,000,000 are not. Q. How many people visit the Smith- sonian Institution in a year?—T. C. A. For the fiscal year ended June 30, 1931, the number was 1.669,140. They are divided as follows: Natural history exhibits, 631498 arts and industries, 731.186; Smithsonian Building, 258,616; aireraft, 47,840. . Q. Ts there such a coin as a penny in American coinage?—D. H. A. Properly there is not. What many persons refer to as a penny should be called a cent. The word penny is an inheritance from England, which still uses the penny coin. It is worth 2 cents in United States currency. The Ameri- can coin is a cent because it is one one- | hundredth of the unit $1 would be two such fractions. Q. Why are an officer's boots hung over the saddle of his horse heels for- ward in the funeral procession?—J. F. N. A. It indicates that it is the office! last march and that the end of his earthly journey has been reached. A penny Q. Were the men who offered them- selves for experimentation in stamping ever in Cuba in 1900 ever rewarded by the United States Gov- ernment?—W, C. C. Gold medals lately have been awarded them and the survivors are to receive a monthly pension of $125. One of the ipients of the medal and pen- sion s7ys thot he was pald $100 by the Cuban government when he volunteered and that he received $100 more when he recovered from the disease. Q. What is the meaning of the cam- paign slogan “sixteen to one”?—A. H. D. It was the rallying cry of the Democratic party in 1896. It alluded to its advocacy of free end unlimited oinage of silver at a legalized value of 16 units of weight of silver to i unit of weight of gold. This ratio was arrived at because at that time the world’s supply of silver was 16 times as great as its supply of gold. Q. Which will give better light over a reet, three 100-watt lamps evenly cistributed or one 300-wate lamp in the center of the street>—A. S. A Better distribution and greater uniformity of light are obtained by using the three lamps ;Regulation of Short Se"irng Q. How many aliens are admitted # - the United States outside the quota in a year?—S. S. A. For the fiscal year ended June 30, 1931, only 45,999 non-quota immigra- ton visas were issued. This was a marked falling off from the previous year, when 107,469 similar visas were issued. Q. Why is yew planted in such abun- dance around the Folger Shakespeare Library at Washington, D. C.?—E. M. A. Like many other features of the library, it is in conformity to Eliza- bethan convention, when the yew was burned in theaters to counteract any | offensive odors. Q. Do more fires occur in business establishments in the daytime or at night?>—S. N, A. Many more occur after closing hours. This is attributed largely to | negligence in leaving fires in dangerous condition. Q. Is the air heavier on a foggy day?—R. V. H. A. The Weather Bureau says that it is lighter. Damp air weighs less than dry air, as the dampness is due to the | vapor of water in the air, and vapor of | water is lighter than most of the other gases of the atmosphere, | Q. Do more men or more women | have simple goiter?—E. R. T. A. The Public Health Service says that simple goiter is more prevalent among women. ! Q. What do the four M's stand for in 4-H Clubs?—W. S A. The 4-H Clubs were organized by the Department of Agriculture in 1909. They were made up of groups of farm children, who prior to 1909 were under the supervision of agriculture agents. The Government fosters their activities, The four M's stand for the following: ‘The first H is to train the head to think, to reason; the second H, to train the heart to sympathize and feel, the | third H, to train the hand to execute | the thoughts of the head; the fourth H, | health to resist disease. Q. Why is the Cross of Lorraine used for tuberculosis welfare work?—H. R. A. It was at a meeting of the Intere national Conference on Tuberculosis held in Berlin in 1902 that Dr. Sersiron of Paris proposed that the ancient Lor- raine Cross be made the emblem of the fight against the white plague. The suggestion was received enthusiastically, for the Lorraine Cross was eminently suited for such a purpose. It dated back to the ninth century, when it was made the emblem of the eastern branch of the Christian Church. To this day it remains tte emblem of the Greek or Orthodox Catholic Church. From the eleventh to the fourtcenth centuries the crusaders, th contact with the Eastern chur ized Europe with it. Godfrey, Duke of Lorraine, a leader of one of the first crusades, saw the cross in Jerusalem and adopted it as his standard when he was elected Christian ruler of the holy city in 1099. It is generally believed that after his return to France it be- i came the emblem of the house of Lor- _raine. It is still known in France as the Lorraine cross and differs from the Eastern church cross in one respect only—the lower bar is nearer the base. 1In 1906 the National Tuberculosis As- sociation, by special resolution, adopted the double-barred cross as its emblem, | but it was not until 1912 that a defi- nite effort was made to stan e it for the erculosis movement United States. The standard sis emblem now has two horizon | of equal length, the part above trc arms being shorter and the lower part longer than the cross-arms. The ends of both arms are pointed. Believed Duty of Exchanges Suggestions that efforts be made to! curb short selling on the Stock Ex- | change find an echo in public com- ments, but there is reluctance to in- dorse 'the _idea of legislation on the ubject. It is felt that persons fa- miliar with the details of stock trad- ing should give attention to the mat- ter, because of t! familiarity with the needs of the situation. The prob- lem is put in the classification of highly technical things which should be han- dled by experts. “It_is unquestionably true,” thinks the Baltimore Sun, “that there is a considerable popular fury against short selling.” That paper recognizes that there are probably times when use of this mechanism can be generally dan- gerous, just as there are times, as they were toward the peak of the bull mar- ket in 1929, when failure to use it can be equally dangerous.” The Sun, how- ever, concludes: “Regardless of the faults and virtues of short selling, on which no blanket judgment is offered here, far greater public understanding of what is involved than prevails at present is essential to any intelligent scheme of public control. Steps to promote this enlightenment are far more to the point at this time than tips on how to placate the storm against | short selling that is sald to be brewing in Congress by speedy voluntiry ac- tion.” It is recalled by the Dayton Daily News that “the Stock Exchange forbade bear operations for a while in the Brit- | ish crisis, again, action hanging ever his head.” aily News adds: “The 1931 bear, ma- nipulating stock prices downward, de- lays recovery from the depression. The 1929 bulls, manipulating the market upward, precipitated the depression. Why pick on the bears?” The Roches- ter Times-Union comments: “It looks as though drastic regulation may be expected from Congress unless those who operate upon the stock market but now the bear is loose with a threat of congressional The take upon themselves the business of | correcting any evils which may exist. It would be much better for them to do so than to continue to defy the light- ning of official investigation and regu- lation.” An investigation might be clarify ing,” thinks the Louisville Courier- Journal, “but rigid governmental regu- lation is to be applied with caution. Its very regidity frequently defeats its own object. It is so in the system of jus- tice, where it is insisted that Legisla- tures should allow the courts more lat- | ftude in adanting codes of practice to conditions. The law of custom cannot be ignored safely in any.form of barter and trade. Any reform proposed should be initiated by Stock Exchanges, sub- ject to revision in detail according to the dictates of experience.” “Congress may in due course pass laws prohibiting short selling,” says the Sioux Falls Argus-Leader, “but the only result will be another impediment to the free trading that should char- acterize a securities market.” That pa- per holds that “elimination cf short selling will not change the trend.” and advises that “expericnce with the grain exchanges is sufficient to show intelli- nt men the futility of the schemes _rgrupond}‘ # e e threat of Federal legislation.’ according to the Houston Chronicle, “is likely to take concrete form unless the exchanges themselves curb the prac- tice.” Noting, however, that “the ex- changes are indispensable adjuncts to ccrporate development in this country,” | the Chronicle voices the warning: “Tc change the condition by eliminating ex- change transactions would radically alter the basis country. The volume doubtless woud be curtailed, and the fluldity of support for different industries would be de- stroved. Because there is wid>spread | misunderstanding of these facts among the people generally, there is a great deal of misdirected oppositicn to the exchanges as such, their legitimate as well as their illegitimate functions. .appears now not only as for all investment in the | an illegitimate function, but as a very dangerous one. * * * Legislation in such a situition is likely to be bunglesome and harmful in unsuspected ways. Members of the various exchanges can better climinate the obvious evils of their system. If they do not. however, the mcst conservative of m V] to Federal action.” “It is past time for som done about the stock m the Ann Arbor Dail i | that “both exe legislative branches of the Federal Government are interested in the activities cer- tain professional raiders.” The Duluth Herald holds that * elling in_a depression must bs stopped, and if the Stoz! then the Vheeling Intelligencer re all st>ck transac- ns required to be outright sals. the whole country would be better off.” The Harrisburg Telegraph suggests that the “New York Stock Exchange suspend short selling for a pericd of six months, with the understanding that if the need for resumption appeared the rule c-uld be abrogated at will.” “Leaders of th> Chamber of Com- merce of the United States,” remarks the South Bend Tribune, “favor tem- porary regulation of short sales on ccn- ditions that may be regarded as pro- hibitive by p-tential short seilers. The | permanency or semi-permanency legislation would make its use unwise in the short-selling emerge: Commenting on Senator Watson's idea of “full publicity of transactions on margin: a Daily Capital comments speaks f-r itself. Pool operations are facilitatad by se- crecy. which may be necessary to them. ‘The stock market tape is always full of rumors as to certain gambling outfits that are conducting pools in this or that stock or group of stocks. Publicity will be rosisted by 211 professional stock gamblers. According to the Senate I22ders, the stock market will be inves- tigated ‘in its entirety.’ but short selling in particular. At this time stock mar- ket bear raids are a brake on all efforts looking toward business recovery. They tend to destroy every purpose of the | Government and the President.” - | Children Hurt Sc;ui:rels By Collecting Acorns To the Editor of The Star: The cold weather will soon be }‘“‘Y! and the poor squirrels will suffer for food if their acorns are taken away by school children. Returning from school, they rush into the streets with large paper bags, filling them with acorns, no use whatever to them. Last Winter | the squirrels deserted the streets west of Sixteenth street and above Colum- bia road. Hcpe their mothers will ex- plain this to the children. | MRS. IRENE McNIER. | ————— { Butler Won't Rest Long. Prom the Philadelphia Evening Bulletin. | Maj. Gen. Smedley Butler, retired, {is now his own commanding officer, land he will not be long in getting his orders for further activity e Quite Convenient, Though. From the Fort Wayne News-Sentinel. Says a Kentucky paper: “It would be nice if a man could only date his checks as far ahead as the publishers |do their magazines.” Yeah, but it mightn't be so safe —on—s What Is Cotton’s Future? m the Fort Wayne News-Sentinel. Whit do they mean by “cotton fus tures”? To hear Huey Long talk, cotton has no future. e Canada Pressed to Revisit. From the Cleveland News. | . Canadian cars to the number of 164.- ' 809 left Quebec fcr the United States in a year. Still, Canadians must have & lot more visits to repay.