Evening Star Newspaper, July 5, 1931, Page 36

BY JOSEPH S. EADERS of the aviation industry are finding that it is not an eco- romical proposition to deliver L cut flowers in & 10-ton truck. They hsve come to realize most forcefully that it isn't good business to carry engers in airplanes which hr'e& 0 horsepower per passenger Wi can be carried just as well at 50 passenger or less. have begun to find that the faws of economics apply with a heavy hand to this new aviation business just a8 they do to railroading, and that just because passengers are being carried through thin air without the need of rails or roadbed the laws of economics are not to be flouted or ignored. As a result of this dawning realiza- tion the aviation industry, in the opin- | jon of Clarence M. Young, Assistant Secretary of Commerce for Aeronautics, is climbing out of the bog in which it has been wallowiig since the dizzy plunge from the heights of 1929 and Tow is sitting up on solid ground, shak- ing itself and feeling to see whether there are any broken bones or missing gm. Presently, he feels, it will rise sunlight of prosperity, av and mosh certanly sttempting avold the pitfalls. The number of passengers using scheduled airlines is increasing at a rate which indicates that 1,000,000 American citizens will pay to travel by air during the current year on ‘he time-tabled Mll‘llnem Izdh ‘i'.l; passenger volume, accompan! m.d;“lencmu in the amount of air- mail and air express flown, Mr. Young is convinced, is proof that aviation is on the firmer ground, where it can once more find its feet. “Manufacturers and rators have realized,” Mr. You sald in reviewing the state of the industry at the dawn of the new fiscal year, “that their busi- mess is no exception to the age-old laws of economics, and they are going about fts development in employing the same | ticed in other fields of deavor. This calls for sl pen- eils and lots of hard work, and, though they have not adjusted all their eco- nomic phases yet, this is being done.” Need Economical Planes. One of the points that has been most. firmly driven home in the minds of operators and manufacturers as a re- sult of the growth of air transporta- tion is that there is an imperative need for more economical transport planes. The really efficient transport airplane, tn the opinion of Frank T. Courtney, ocean flyer who has made a world-wide tation as an air transport engineer, is “a plane which, for given horsepower and speeds, carries the greatest loads.” Speed, Courtney told the American Bociety of Mechanical Engineers at its recent aeronauticsl meeting, is too Hghtly considered by the average American airplane manufacturer and operator. In all forms of tran tion, he pointed out, speed is an ex- . “no short and simple: way around this fact. There seems to be a growing impression that, and higher speeds. From many recent d ions one gathers that retractable landing gears, motors inside the and elimination of struts and wires, are all going to be gifts from the gods which are going to save the tor constructor from the 1 of elaborately weighing up load. One hears people g cheerfully of cruising speeds one who is getting something for noth- . Speed costs money, loads bring in money. Therefore if operation is at & speed above what calculations show to | the optimum speed for the particu- , too little load is being car- and the plane is commercially in- | icient. The speed must be fixed and surplus efficiency should go to either bigger loads or lower horse- Courtney expresses the belief that the biplane soon must be recognized ss most efficient type for commercial purposes. The externally braced mono- Pplane, he believes, has many advantages over the cantilever type, but neither, in his opinion, meets the requirements air transportation as well as the ‘The close of the five-year aircraft building program for the Army Air , now in its fifth year, will bring into existence permanent aerial com- bat units which have not existed, ex- cept on paper, in the history of peace- time military aviation. ‘Though the largest Air Corps units functioning today are groups, composed erally of four squadrons, under new bles of organization made possible by the building program, there are to be brought into existence three regular wings, composed of two groups each, end two composite wings, for defense of territorial possessions. ‘There also will be established for the first time | since the close of the World War a| Erml.hent air brigade headquarters, located at Langley Field, Hampton, General plans for completion of the , issued by the Office of the m& General, call for the creation of many new-squadrons and groups. These will bear the numbers of squad- rons and [rml:p:n w:ich ?‘V;‘r not’ ex- since ting days in France. "% tocommflxodnu the hundreds of new planes acquired under the program the Army is establishing great aerial centers | where the larger units will be located. | Beveral magnificent new airdromes are | now being constructed and probably will be ready for occupation next year. | New Airdromes Listed. One of the important new airdromes will be Alameda, Calif, replacing the F‘Il Air Corps base at Rockwell Field, orth Island, near San Diego. Nort Island, originally an Army fleld, was opened to the Navy, which gradually has expanded its activities there until | it became expedient for the Army to! move out entirely, Alameda being the | result. A great Army fleld also is be- ing established in Marin County, Calif., as a part of the program. Another important new tactical field is Barks- dale Field, Shreveport, La., which is to become the home of the new 3d Attack Wing, to be created by combination of the 3d Attack Group, now at Fort Crockett, Galveston, Tex., with the yet- to-be created 16th Pursuit Group, only one squadron of which now is in ex- dstence. ‘The greatest of the new Air Corps airdromes is Randolph Field, the fu- ture “West Point of the Air” now be- ing carved out of raw country near San Anwnio,d'rax.b Here, in an Avl;tllg:l city, surrounded by t flying fields, will be located the ',rml center which will produce the Army's future fiying officers. Albrook Field, Canal Zone, is to be- come the center for the aerial defense of the Canal and will be the home of A new com- te group will be established in the ppines. Langley Field, Hampton, Va, 110 miles from the dome of the Capitol as the airplane flies, is to be one of the country’s most important military avi- ation flelds. A large amount of per- there and the Air Corps Tac is bei moved from Langley Field to Maxwell Field, Montgomery, Ala., to make way for the expansion scheduled t:d ‘uke place at the great Virginia To Create Air Brigade. Langley will be the home of the 1st Air Brigade headquarters, scheduled to be created about rch 15, next. This will be the first time even a skeleton has been set in American peace- ‘The 2d have its home at langl lé:dqusmn have been half the wing, is in existence. ~ The Eghun as now constituted includes the d 96th rdment creation Headquarters for this group have been established at Langley. Two lfl\lldl’olu‘, non-existent since the World War, wil be reconstituted March 15, 1932, as the 334 and 35th Pursult S8quadrons. The 85th Pursuit Squadron, now active at Mather Fleld, Sa next. be created next March to round out cn March 1 for duty until its perma- nent quarters are available Hawaiian Islands. the home of the 19th Airship Company EDGERTON. Bombardment WI_‘ll.'l‘geil to ey. established at fleld, so far only the 2d %D. which will form . 49th ane ‘Bomba! it Squadrens, the 59th Service Squadron | and the 2d Photo Section. The wing will be completed by the of the 8th Pursult Group. cramento, Calif., will Another pursuit squadron, also at in the Langley Fleld will continue to be and of Plight A, 16th Observation Squadron, which serves as the detach- ment for the Coast Artillery School. mgq also is and will continue to bs the homy of the Langley Memorial Laboratories of the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics, one of the largest aeronautical research establish- ments in the world. Brooks Gets Group. Brooks Field, Tex., will become the home of the 12th Observation Orou;. to be formed by transfer of group head- quarters from Dodd Field, the 12th Observation Squadron from Dodd Field, 22d Observation Squadron from Max- well Field, 88th Observation Squadron from Post Field, Fort Sill, Okla. and the 1st Photo Section from Dodd Field. The 62d Service Squadron, now at rooks, will be attached to the group. ‘The great composite wing which will defend the Hawallan Islands will formed by creation of three squadrons and the moving of others. The head- quarters of the organization, which will ‘be known as the 18th Composite Wing, have been created and now are active. A wing band will be organized. groups will form the wing, two of which now are active. One is the 5th Com- posite Gr-up, composed of the 4th and 50th Obs rvation Squadrons, now at Luke Fleld, the 26th Attack Squadron, now at Whesler Field; the 65th Service Squadron, at Luke, and the 11th Photo Section, at Luke. The 18th Pursuit Group will be composed of the 6th and 19th Pursult Squadrons, now at Wheeler | 0! Pield: the 36th Pursuit Squadron, now at, Selfridge Field, Mich.; the 77th Pur- sult Squadron, now at Mather Fleld, and the 75th Bervice S8quadron, now at Wheeler Field. The third group, to be created, will be the 19th Bombard- be | York does not do this, and so there is WASHINGTON, D, C. JULY. 5, '1931—PART FOUR. 2 THE SUNDAY STAR, ' - AVIATION ORE than a century and a half has passed. From ground along the Monongahela river where Washington fought as a youth to French and Indian invasion of British territory, smoke ascends from the fires of industry. Man- ufa@ure and commerce have long since blotted out the ill-fated a&ion at Fort Duquesne. iy [4)) repel Here, by the roadside, four days “my general” he wrote, chaplain who had shown cow: AS tflere ever a young man upon whom responsibil- ities fell with such singular weight and significance? after the battle, young Washington read the burial service over his general rather than have it read by ardice in retreat. Correet 81 By CALVIN FADER BRADDOCK: PLAN COLOR SCHEME FOR BUS AND TAXI Common Carriers Not to Be Lack- ing in Attractive Sum- mer Hues. Motor busses and taxicabs are two kinds of vehicles where subdued color is never of advant ‘They need to be seen, and seen plainly. The motor bus that travels along interurban roads 1s usually brightly lacquered, and in re- finishing it, even though the color scheme is slightly changed, it is well to keep the brightness, which makes for visibility. New York has thousands of taxis, and, broadly, they fall under seven dif- ferent groupings as to colors. Phila- dlephia, Boston, Chicago, Detroit and many other big dun,:;:n;fl- sort of a yri vilege to the individual 'fl’ companies. New some duplication among the rival com- | panies. But here are the colors now used by the principal taxi fleets in New York, and they seem to offer a rather wide field of choice: One company has upper and lower body areas in cellini n, & very bright yellowish hue of green. Belt | moldings around window reveals and | wheels are of cinderella gold, an in- tense bright yellow. Stripe moldings | are in cellini green. Another, having 1,000 cabs, uses colo- | nial blue, a dark stately hue, for the | uj part with moldings and wheels | ‘mountain ash scarlet. The fenders | are black and a colonial blue stripe is | used on the moldings, the remainder | of the body area being in bright pema- | quid blue. | Hundreds of cabs of various sorts | STEADY PROGRESS SEEN TOWARD UNIFORMITY Five States Have Recently Adopt- ed One or More Acts of Municipal Code. Substantial ogress toward uni- Mrs. K’s Toll House Tavern Colesville Pike. SILVER SPRING, MD. Route 27, out 16th St. ‘This old Toll House with its charm- ing furnisnings and Tertaced ardens marks u delight- ful Country Dinner Place. LUNCHEON Served 12 to § Dinner 12 to 8:30 P.M. Afternocon Tea 2 to § Dinner 12 te Telephone Silver Spring § are colored with part of the upper| . structure, ment_Group, to be composed of the 23d Bombardment Squadron, now at Luke Feld; the 30th and 32d Bom- bardment Squadrons, to be created; the 72d Bombardment Squadron, now_active at Luke Feld, and the 80th Service Squadron, now at Mather Field. 17th Group at Mather. March Fleld, Calif., this month will become the home of the new 17th Pur- suit Group, headquarters of which will be established July 15. Two new squadrons, the 34th and 73d Pursuit Squadrons, are being created this month and will be joined by the famous 95th Pursuit Squadron from Rockwell Pleld, the 64th Service dron, now at March, and the 23d to Section, also at March, to form the new group. ‘The 17th Pursuit Group, at March Pield, and the 7th Bombardment Gr now active at Rockwell and March Pields, but to be consolidated at the new Marin County Field, will constitute the new 1st Bombardment " iibrool k Field, Canal Zone, will be the base for the 19th Composite Wing, to be com d of the 20th Pursuit Group, which now has its headquar- ters at Mather Field, Calif, and the 6th Composite Group, composed of bservation, Bombardment, Service and Photo Squadrons, now active at France Field, Canal zone. In the Philippines there will be the 4th Composite Group, to be composed of Observation, Bombardment, Service, Pl'cgw and Pursult Squadrons, all now active. ‘The remainder of the Air Corps or- ganization, except for less important changes, will remain virtually undis- turbed during the remainder of the five-year program. Passing of the RS-1. The RS-1, largest semi-rigid airshi in the world, has gone to the Valhalla of obsolete flying equipment, the junk yard. The ship, the largest owned by the Army Air Corps, was dismantled in the Fall of 1928 and the parts stored awaiting reassembly. The time never came, due to lack of funds for support of the lighter-than-air branch of the corps, and the remains have been sold to a St. Louis junk dealer by the sal- to | vage officer at Scott Fleld, Belleville, Tll. ‘The RS-1 was bullt for the Army by the Goodyear Tire & Rubber Co., Akron, Ohio, for experimental purposes. After three years of flylng it was ordered dismantled because the bag had become too porus for further use. On its last flight, in the Fall of 1928, with Maj. W. E. Kepner in command, the big semi-rigid weathered a terrific series of thunder and wind storms over Arkansas and Tennessee. The winds were so severe that the nose cone of the big bag was stove in. The design of the RS-1 was new in that a V-shaped keel was used, in the inverted position, as the stiffening for the bag, which otherwise was non-rigid. Pilots Are Warned. If any exhibition parachute jumper th | gets into trouble in the future the pilot of the plane from which he jumps is g;na to have some explaining to do to Department of Commerce. Warn- ing has been issued to all licensed pilots that they are responsible for making certain that proper safety precautions are taken when exhibition jumps are made from their planes. The pilct of the plane from which the jumper steps off into space is warned that he must make certain be- yond any question of doubt that the jumper is experienced and has ability to make the jump with reasonable chance for a safe landing. The pilot who takes up a jumper without having satisfled himself that his charge knows enough to jump properly is have to answer to the department. Not only must the pilot look into the qualifications of the jumper; he also must see to it that the jumper wears two parachutes which have been in- spected and approved by the Depart- ment of Commerce and must see that the jumper conforms to all regulations of the department governing aerial acrobatics. Exhibition jumping is prohibited over the congested area of any city; over any open-air assembly of persons; over any established civil airway, and over any established airport or landing fleld | sald and the jump must be made at suf- cient altitude so that the parachute will be fully open before a minimum altitude of 1,500 feet is reached. In the case of officially sanctioned air meets and aerial shows waivers may be granted in certain of these muu{m British Fighters Fast. Rumors concerning the speed of British fighting planes of various types tly are to be heard. Many of them are exaggerated, but it is general- ly agreed that they are much faster than American planes of similar types, though not so sturdy or mmenvmfi:. Official on the latest Hawker single-seater fighter, comparable with the Un‘hwh Army pursuit and the fighter, show p | “Regular inspection by competent serv- banderlog brown, a deep golden hus of moldings and fenders in | || brown. The lower body areas and | || wheels are in premet tan dark, | tremely yellowish shade. Cream stripes | are used on_the moldings. | A rich effulgent blue boy blue on upper structures and fenders, with areas, window reveals and wheels | in patrol green is another lively color combination used. ‘There are some 400 cabs done in a very smart and distinctive way adapted in part from a successful passenger | ex- | On Rockville Pike 4 Miles Above Bethesda | Country Ham and Maryland |l Fried Chicken Dinners car color scheme. The upper structure | || is finished in black, body and fenders | in turenne gray, a pewter-like color, | a part of wood and wheels in light blueish. Virgilius gray and moldings | in vermillion. | Courier cream is used by one fleet on body and wheels with fenders and in black. And the shade of the ie w used on the yellow cabs is swamp ollow orange set off with black. Plenty of chromium is being used and | the general tendency, in addition to | the design to make the cab of almost gala appearance, is to suggest richness and luxury. PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE | REAL ECONOMY SOURCE Definite savings are lable in the | cost of automobile ownership over and | above the general reduction in list prices | of new cars, according to E. T. Satchell, | president of the Motor and Equipment | Association, who points out that pre- | ventive maintenance is a real source of | economy in the cost of operating a car. | “Preventive maintenance makes pos- | sible a reduction in the cost of upkeep | which will parallel the reduction in | original cost of a new car,” he said. ijce men using modern equipment will catch trouble before it happens and thus eliminate unnecessary delays or expensive accidents. Such inspection and the resultant servicing will cut down needless depreciation also so that the car will retain maximum trade-in value when & new car is considered. “Beyond tke actual reduction in the final cost of ownership,” he added, “preventive maintenance means greater all times. Statistics owners only between 50 and 75 per cent of their real operating efficiency. Regu- lar inspection will help owners get the full ‘;l)ue built into the car by the manu excess of 200 miles per hour at alti- tudes up to nearly four miles. ‘The figures, as reported in the Air- plane, on the standard Hawker Fury, latest’ addition to the British fighter uadrons, show a speed at an altitude o1'10,000 feet of 207 miles per hour, at 13,000 feet of 214 miles per hour and at 20,000 feet of 207 miles per hour, This plane is credited with a climb to 20,000 teeAtn in 9 m““i.llw uw:‘d!lh ca experiment standa: propeller showed .;:fi of 212 miles per hour at 6,500 feet, 214 miles per hour at 10,000 feet and 209 miles per hour at 13,000 feet, according to the report. In_the bombardment class, however, the British Royal Air Force is able to show even better relative performance. The most recent of the ulton and Paul Sidestrand twin - engined day bombers, the equivalent of the stand- ard Army Air Corps Ke; e B-3 type, is rted to have clocked a maximum sper:tfool 167 miles per hour at 11,000 feet—nearly 50 miles per hour faster than the Am types. ‘The Sidestrand is powered with two Bristol Jupiter X.F. mfirchlrled en- es developing & maximum output of 60 horsepower e‘ficl;e;& 1"1.8:0 fee h'll;l:; engines are equip) com| Townend rings and exhaust collector rings and are faired into the lower wings. The performance is said to be arkably , the rate of climb in- creasing with altitude up to 11,000 feet, where the climb with rate is said to be at the rate of 1,400 feet per min- ute. The speed also increases with altitude from 150 miles per hour at sea level to near] at 13,000 feet. above 160 miles up to 18,000 feet. to be able to climb to 18,000 feet, loaded, in 15 minutes. It is said to be able to climb with full load on one Ine. a result of work with the Side- ising range ; ‘The new Sidestrand, ted to be the fastest bomber the world has seen, is a biplane with a n of 72 feet .and a length of 41 feet. The weight, empty, ! 'hw'm Also a Special Steak Dinner Open Every Day Luncheon and Dinner 12 M. to 8:30 P.M. Where to Find That Dining in Comfort Is Not Expensive 13% miles delow Ales. on U.S. 1 COLLEGE INN Opposite Western Maryla: Westminster, Maryls Pl SPECIAL CHICKEN AND STEAK DINNERS, $1.00 “Beautiful Grounds,” Restful and Cool We Invite You preghest Foods fiom the Fu Deiclousty ™ Abpetizin Pr = i gpared—Appetizingly i il —Di Downey Other Locations OLNEY FARM-OLNEY, MD. THE PATTY KITCH-INN Masonic Temple 7061 Old Georgetown Road, Bethesds, Md. M3, No. A Quiet, C;ol Spot for the 4th Luncheon, Tea, Dinner Phone Rockville 352 Salad bowls and cold plate luncheon are amol the hot weather specialties of Normandy , where one may enjoy ex- el et ey Sk Y Ta French provincial room or onmmé new screened terrace. Only eight miles from District Line. Go out Wisconsin Ave. to River Road, to Town of Potomac. Turn right to farm about 1 mile, PHONE 215 The Mannsfield Hall Country Club FRED] K the National Conference on Street and Highway Safe lz”l legislative season, one or more of ference’s uniform motor vehicle code. which it—is States have adopted one or more sec- tions practically in full. \ pr Act III of the code, providing for formity in State motor vehicle regula- | uniform drivers’ been tion has been achieved during 1931, 'adopted with Kansas, Oregon and West Virginia. In addition, Utah has enacted act IV of the code, which provides for uniform regulation of highway traffic. ‘The " drivers’ license law and the uniform motor vehicle registration law have been passed by both houses of the Nevada State lature, and re- quire only the signature of the Gov- emor before becoming effective. Various portions of the code have been introduced in & number of other State Legislatures. and it is expected ve Aum“fl-mm during the he four acts comprising the com- ‘This raises ti the en in force number of States in code—or sections of to 29. Of these, 17 license, has minor PAVED ROASS e— GRAVEL ROADS eemm—— ®ARTH RoADS == PLAIN NUMERALS INDICATE MILEAGE BETWERN OLYLINID PORVTS e 5 Mamats v emas (59) CORRESPOND 7O STATE ROLTE NMUMBERS m&n conference that there is a strong likelihood in some States of their pas- sage. The entire four acts of the code were introduced in the Legisiatures of probably be passed in Colorado, and of the act covering highway regulation in Nebraska. The conference also re- ported that the number of cities with traffic ordinances based upon its model municipal traffic ordinance is increasin, MARYLAND—Continued ute 27. Routes '240-20, 240-31, or 340-32. PENNSY] The Pigeon House Defense Highway at Priest Bridse. Real old Southern Maryland Cooking. Chicken and Squab Dinners Try Our Plate Lunch—Refreshments Reservations, Annavoils 1858-F-11 Ridgeville H On Washington-Gettys| Country Ham and Chicken Dinners M. H. BUCKINGHAM The Ship Annapolis, Md. at the Main Gate of the Blue Ridge Summit, Pa. 4400 fest. Accessible by motor o w. M. delightful piace for motorists to stop. rite, 'or phone Blue Ridse 108-R. Maryland 'Fried | Chicken OIF e mlle foods served in a vie Puk left. Bl Rid, S it, P Chicken Dinner, $1.50° s S PR R I FiveOaks Lodge “AMONG THE MOUNTAINS" and Tea “" Harpers Ferry, W. Va. Southern Cooking Modern Rooms yv&a!zn_ 1301, 40 Mf We b : i ighway v FEIRD S B Chicken or e 1-3 and l-';x,). ;.-H.Di.." $1.00 The Crocker House On Frederick Road in Catonsville, 2 Miles East of Ellicott City o Aol OIS, MM 10" 0B e Large Filtered Orkng or LVANIA ity Routes S40-1516. inging Hill Top SCOTLAND BEACH HOTEL Scotland Beach-on-the-Bay, Md. SPECIAL $1.25 DINNER SEA FOOD Phone Great Mills 28 Chaanor PHONE _OR _WRITE B i jummit, Pa. DINNERS Drive out te BEAUTIFUL SINGING PINES TEA HOUSE for an Old Virgini or an Old Virginia Ham or Fairfax Court House, Va. Very Thoughtful. He and his young wife were taken for & motor trip by some friends. She ad- mired his anxiety about her comfort. “Are you all right?” he asked. uite, dear.” “Not in a draft?” “No, lambkin.” “Then change seats with me.” VIRGINIA—Continued Richmond Road, L, S Upver Road to Aletindria, Routs § s Ferr: Totels, Orenes " &p d Road. Ro via 'Key Bridee ‘eaHouse, Fairfax, Ro fotel, Warrenton, Route ‘WEST VIRGINIA ute 311, 211 or 211-50-18, Originally Buiit in 1728 Brooke Manor T L ota g TSI o0, Shle Bisterty 12, Ml Norih' 3 Wachington Skl Morriana Wries Chtstan. Open Every Day °Til 9 P.M. 27. Antiques for sale. Phone Ashton 141, ORKNEY SPRINGS HOTEL 3% hours drive from Washington, PETER PAN INN Country Ham, Steak and Chicken Dinners, $1.50 COLONIALINN Westminster, Md. ‘The best $1.00 dinner served in Maryland Dine at Plateau Inn Steak and Soft Crab Dimmers Phone Elkridge 27-F-6 THE LITTLE TEA HOUSE Swimming Pool Sand Beach “SWIM IN At Urbans, Md., 33 mi. from Washington. Baltimore Boulevard—S5 Miles North of Laurel Famous Maryland Fried Chicken through beautiful Shenandoah Valley t Turn ackson for Wash- ington’s 108t pul 1‘? mountain re- fore i "::? uning s’ oz: m:‘ ‘old" South, {esnis. nimmins. dancins. bowling: ete. leet g 5308, 1654, Sievtion: - Sxcellent meats) Booklet. Ph GRAY’'S HILL INN Overlooking the Potomac Formerty s part of & Veggon Luncheon Dinner Richmond Road—16 Mi—Ph. Lorien 8- = OASTLEMANS INN, utiful. Xerth, L , $1; Southern % Hl'u:’.h!!"h '!.v $18. w IJIE .'” Mile West of Fairfax, Va. of Routes 50 and 211