Evening Star Newspaper, July 5, 1931, Page 20

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Dr. Wu Returning to China Opposing Policies of Government at Nanking (Continued From Third Page) | @Ghinese people are one and will remain one. T'E:onewly established govern- ment at Canton desires only to gain control of the government at Nanking in order that it may fulfi!l its mission for the welfare of China.” Communism Unrelated. “pr. Wu, what about Communism in China? Has Communism anything to do with the revolt against Nanking?" “Communism has nothing to do with the present movement at Canton,” he said. “In fact, one of the accusations made by the government at Canton against the government at Nanking is that the latter has not been sufficiently energetic in dealing with the com- munist menace.” A “The American people wonder,” it was suggested to the Cantonese states- man, “whether the time is really In sight when China will settle down and once again be a factor in the affairs of the Far East and the world.” “I suppose it is discouraging to friends of China,” Dr. Wu reflected, “to hear continually of disturbances, wars and threats of war. They should remem- her, however, that China has been fac- ing & task which, in magnitude, s un-| ralleled in the history of the world, he is re-evaluating a civilizaticn 45 centuries old. scrutinizing her institu- tions—political, social, economic and cultural — to ascertain which of them are antiquated, and, therefore, to be discarded, and which, having steod | her in good stead in the millenniums of the past, are still suitable for use in the twentieth century “At the same time, she is examining and experimenting with institutions and inventions of the West. with a view to their adoption or adaption. Thus it is that the monarchy., more than four thousand years old, has been abolished and a republic set up. that th> ancient system of classical education has been discarded and a modern one substitut- ed, and that other far-reaching and D changes are taking place Any one of these changes has in other countries caused repeated disturbances and prolonged wars. Routine Life Goes On. “China is undergoing them all at the same time. We know that when a growing child has the measies, or the mumps. or the chicken pox. or the whooping cough, it is uncomfortable and sick. If another child were to have all of these at the sams time, it would feel much worse. China is like | Godfathers of the Indians o (Continued From First Page) | of resem- | Rhoads | jences have elements blance and of dissimilarity has seven generations of phrsicia from father to son. behind him was the first in his line to leave the pro- | fession, and then he left it only because his father's death made it necessary for him while very voung to g0 to work to | support his mother and sisters. Father Was Pioneer. His father was a pioneer of a kind | that today seems quaint. He believed in giving women a college education He was one of the first trustees of Bryn Mawr College. He became its first pres- ident. When his health broke down he | went out to the Indian country when, as they say, “the buffalo was running.” and took the boy with him. He was one of the first men of Eastern position to | become interested in, to think about, sur mistreatment of the Indian. He was one of the founders of the Indian Rights Association, an early president Charles Rhoads inherited that respon- sibility in his thoughts along with the hysical responsibility of supporting his ather's family. Later he became treas- | urer of that soclety. More than abstractly he knew about Indians. They tell the story that on one occa- sion an Indian chief in full regalia dropped in on Mr. Rhoads’' Germantown house. The door was open. Feathered. tomahawk in hand, he sat down in the hall and waited. The Swedish maid came innocently in, saw the vision, and rushed screaming from the house. Their coliege was Haverford, the Quaker college. Rhoads and Scatter- good both sprang from generations of Quakers. Let us use their own expres- sive word rather—generations of Friends. Short-cut this attempt to analyze the | individual temperament into that of cult. The Friend is typically indeflec- tible and silent. He will go his own road. He may not even inquire why | Fou are going a different way. Neither ‘will he be jostled out of his own nor | quite explain why he has chosen it.| Peace above argument | Organized Federal Bank. | Rhoads became vice president and treasurer of the Girard Trust in Phila- | delphia. As its first governor he organ- ized the Federal Reserve Bank there Surely something of experience in or- ganization and administration. As part- ner in Brown Brothers, whase London bank is Brown-Shiplev, he was fre- quently obliged to make European trips, | broadening his experiences nof men and affairs. | Scattergood's business experience was | of a different kind. The dogwood dye | business furnished different sorts of contacts. They worked together in the war re- | Mef of the Priends' unit of the Ameri- can Red Cross in France. Rhoads was chief. Every one admits splendid work. Armistice. Peasants creeping back to shell-torn homes. Dislocation ~ Confu- sion. Reports to Rhoads of needs. No transportation. Scattergood beholds freight car wheels with no cars to them and trucks with no roads. He puts trucks on car wheels; runs supplies through. Their work of “relief” culminates in the reconstruction of the devastated viliages of France There is a saving. “A Quaker can buy s from & Scotchman, sell them to a Jew, and make money." Clothed Peasants. They bought the Army dump heaps on “spec,” got enough out of them to clothe and help house-returning peas- ants, sold the balance to the French at enough profit to found a maternity hos- pital at Chalons. NoteThey took the money from the French, but they gave it back to the French Thus, and in a thousand other ways, their old personal friendship first flow- ered into collaboration in work during the war. Thus again today it works in Wash- ington. For this curious yet under- tandable friendship again functions in ‘he peculiar problems of Indian admin- wtration. Those problems are exactly primarily two in nature—the first human, the second economic. For vou can't sav in which respect our zational record has been the worst. Is it worse to have robbed the Indians after conquering them or to have taken their children awsy into schools where | ‘we starved, imprisoned and beat them? You think this 8 an overstatement? Consider the Merriam report, then. This report is one of a number of simi- | lar inquirles made by experts, intellec- tuals of a scholarly and dispassionate | kind, after personal survey of the field. | It was published by the Johns Hopkins Press in 1928. Its pages reek with in- | dictment. Through the careful coldness | of scientific understatement there burn the colors of cruelty, neglect, dishon- esty. | Clean Up Schools. You may think it incredible that in- fluentia] Congressmen of decent pur- pose should hesitate to appropriate money to clean up a situation on all| sides admitted to be criminally bad. Yet we look back upon the expenditure of much money in the past, inefficiently | administered, wantonly wasted, even occasionally in certain cases dishonestly | actually in the area of warlike opera- | continuing its daily life, but going for- | confronting fact—to clean up the scan- | | to be nourished for 11 cents a day each. | | work. | educational to them. Two hundred new the child who has these diseases of in- fancy simultaneously. “The wonder is not that China is unsettled, but that China is no more unsettled. Except for the districts tions, China is, as a whole, not cnly ward. Until the present world-wide depression set in, which has affected China like other countries, the trade returns of each year were record fig- ures. each total surpassing the previous year's trade."” “Well, then. on the whole, you con- templats the future of China in a spirit of confidence. Dr. Wu?" “To answer that question directly.” | came the response, “I should say that, in my opinion, the outlook for a peace- ful and stable China depends on two factors, one political and the other eco- | nomic. The political factor is the es-| tablishment, of a civilian government. | Wars and disturbances in the past have | been due to militarism. in which poli- tics is played with bavonets. The sub- ordination” of the military element, t the civilian, whether in the central gov- ernment or in the local governments, 15 absolutely essential Communications Lacking. “The economic factor is the necessity of communications. China is woefull deficient in modern methods of trans. portation. She has only about 8,000 miles of railroads in a country larger then the combined areas of the United States, Mexico, Central America and Chile. Tn the main, she has to depend on methods of travel such as existed two to three thousand years ago. She has. therefore, to build many more rail- roads. She has made remarkable prog- ress in the construction of highways. but she needs much more. She has made a beginning in the establishment | of airways, in which prominent Ameri- | can corporations are interested, but she also has to hate many more of these. | The prime need is. therefore, for com- | munications, more communications. and still more communications. Of these two factors, the political one will be realized first and the economic one| gradually “To all thinking Chinese the outlook fer & peaceful and prosperous China is optimistic. China has gone through many crises in her long life. The very fact that the oldest nation in the world | has so much vitality that she can go through a period of rejuvenation is the surest guarantee of her success.” (Copyright, 1981 in the whole miserable business seems to be that this last fact applies on the | whole, 80 far as Government servants are concerned, to relatively minor ap- | sointees and to relatively small amounts. | Taken together, however, it is enough to make most national legisiators suspicious of any administrator of Indian affairs Rhoads and Scattergood's first effort was to cut at the crudest and cruelest dalous Indian boarding schools Already Government agents were oreaching. in the usual Government wav, | the virtues of vitamins and a mixed diet 1t was slightly fronic. For the chil- dren the Government ‘cared for” ate principally beans. They were supposed | Now they get some things beside beans | p on nearly 38 cents a day. Girls Decorate Clothes. And then their clothes. Sometimes there were enough to be warm in Win- | ter. Never was there anything to wear but a dreadful uniform. A uniform for those lovers of color, instinctive artists! Shoes bought in carload lots—miscella- | neous sizes—fit if they could -wear | v. Now they get a variety of bolts of cloth and let the girls deco- | —and buy stead of $20 | their shoes to fit—at $40 1 a year. In spite of traditional congressional | hostility, the well known iron-minded- ness of the budget, they managed to get $6,000.000 more wherewith to amelio- | rate the most glaring evils. Now cupboards are bullt for them. A little thing. a cupboard. Yet here sym- bolized is an effort to meet one char- | acteristic of the red man, most baffiing | to the white. i ‘The Indian has little or no sense of personal property or of saving or of investment. For example. he sells his | allotted land. buys everything in sight that hits his fancy. goes home. Imme- diately the entire tribe descends upon him and stays till everything he has bought is eaten up, worn out. | The Indian bad not the good fortune to have been enslaved, end so to learn He feels sure that the white man owes him a living. Only a desire | for property makes any one work, white or red. Sleeping in overcrowded, diseaze- breeding dormitories, no child owned so | much as & box in which to keep a secret treasure, nor indeed any treasure to| put there if he had | In school. they say today. let the child make something it likes and keep it to | himself in its own place. Personal poc- | session—the foundation of our economic | system. It may be rotten, but it is our own. And most Indfans will never fit into it, never cease to be public charges until either they achieve that sense of personal property which urges them to work, or we change our system. Ban Flogging and Jails. Cruelty of jail and flogging (which | actually existed!) done away with. Work about the school plant. which but ves- terday consumed practically all the time of the children when they were not in the school room—hard work in steamy laundries, floor scrubbing, unchildlike work—has now been exchanged in the remaining boarding schools into only that sort of work which may be really employes do the work now. As fast as money can be obtained from Congress the children are being taken out of dormitories and distributed through other schools. Day schools for those Indians who are nct nomads. Wherever possible ordi- nary public schools, alongside of-the white child. Every one tells me that there is little or no objection to this plan on racial | grounds. Frequently the States are glad to get the help of Government money in supporting schools from which the whites may benefit Local objection seems to be not to an Indian but to a dirty, badly clad Indian. “Build,” says Mr. Rhoads, “on the | natural abilities of the Indian—keen observation, retentive memory, abilit: to use the hand. Indians are born mechanics. I have known one to take | a motor engine down and put it to- gether again from memory.” In certain car shops of the Southwest | it was found that the employes ranked | in skill as follows: First, Indian; sec- ond, white; third, Japanese. Text Books Thrown Away. Regimentation of the worst kind| characterized our schools when Mr. Rhoads came into office. Nothing na- tively Indian was admitted to be right. beautiful. Babies of the sand and cac- tus wrote lnborious themes about snow, | maple trees, ships at sea. Today the old text books havs been thrown away, teachers are told to develop their mate- rial from native art, from local experi- ence. Fine Indian craftsmen are sought | out as teachers for pottery design, bas- ket weaving, metal working. Create a sense of personal ownership, create a pride in workmancshy, And after school what? blanket?" The reality of the past in most cases is far less picturesque. Back to idle- ness, filth, squalor. Look, then, for an alternative. The only alternative—work. Enter, then, under Rhoads and Scat- tergood, “vocationa] workers” to try to find what sort of work a youth can D. “Back to the { years after the first unit is placed in | acres | He will persevere. | Attorney General. 'y | scarcely ever seeing a family which, I | dian countries. THE SUNDAY find the work he can do. Today Icr[ the first time the need is officially rec- ognized and the work has begun. ‘Then after the school the home. Nurses. Not only nurses for tra- choma, tuberculosis, diseases of the body, but women who can add to pro- fessional medical training the unweary- ing patience, the visicn of the Indian. Teach something of the care of babies. Persuade the Ind:an woman to cook just a little, to clean up the house just a little, to wash. Eleven New Hospitals. More hospitals, too—11 new ones— 8 replaced, improved, enlarged — 80 far. Incredible inadequacy of the old ones, lack of bare decency, unspeakable conditions vanishing or gone. As 1 read scores of reports from those women in the field I am appalled at the greatness of the job and the| magnificent courage of the effort. Hot | sun of Arizona to blizzards of Minne- sota. Just a bit here and a bit there. They, too, are doing only what one can do in a dav—and a little more. “More of them." says Mr. Rhoads, “and all of them trained!" Easence of the Rhoads policy—profes- stonal skill. Some Indians may learn to farm. | though some of them seem incapable of | keeping stock on hand. They prefer | to eat it up as fast as possible. Yet try to teach them to keep a few cows for milk, a vegetable garden. mavbe some fruit trees. Give them some date palms Help them to irrigate the land they live on. Here. again, turn trained workers into the business. To achieve it. coming green into this thing of Government position, Mr. Rhoads must entirely re- organize the Government system in this department in Washington. Pind supervisors who will not merely “supervise” but assist. Twenty !D!-| cialists as supervisors have been put to work. Cut out superfluous “district administrators.” Get new directors for education, irrigation work. agricultural extension, industrial work. Make a program of topnotch entrance require- ments for the service, o that it will be | a prideful thing to belong to it. He listens patiently there, eonquers opposition by patient Quaker quiet. In less than two vears he has accomplished *normous reorganization. Technical and | professional people now for the first time are demanded for the service. “Educational Leave.” Impossible under the old system to persuade many such workers to enter e. Low pay—of course Bad living conditions, isolati Also only the usual Government vac tion. Teachers, vocational workers, pro- fessional people in similar flelds. are accustomed to long vacation. Not al- ways vacations of idleness. Frequently | ‘vacations” of further study, advanced work Mr. Rhoads has managed to arrange “educational leave.” And then, totally new, these trained people in the field report to other pro- feasionally trained people in Washing- ton and through them directly to the | commissioners. Elimination of bureau- | cratic red tape. ‘The motor is beginning to run in the old buggy. Mr. Rhoads was not long in office be- fore he began to clarify his thinking by dividing the whole work into those two aspects—"human” and “economic.” Our | crimes against the Indian have been simiiarly divided. On the one side. out- | raging his feelings. demoralizing his character. on the other side, doing him | out of his property. Mr Rhoads has given the major part | of his attention to questions of reor- | ganization, personnel. humanitarian | work. Mr. Scattergond to such ques- | Hone as, for example, the Flathead am Now. it happened that Mr. Scatter- | good had served on the Public Service | Commission in Pennsylvania under Gov. | Pinchot. He had had some practice in | defending public rights against “mo- | nopolistic power interests.” Arrange Power Payments. The Montana Power Co. wished to build a power dam on Indian land Cutting out the tale of months of nego- tiation and pages of technicalities, the result amounts to this The Indians, under the original offer probablv could never have received mor: than $100.000 per annum. while under the license Scattergood arranged they receive $1.000 a month from the date of the license and for each of the two commercial operation they get $60.000. these pavments increasing until the an- nual payment reaches $175.000. | Or take the famous matter of the Coolidge Dam in Arizona, again boiling | down the story. One hundred thousand of rich soil. early cantaloupe crange, grapefruit land. 10 acres of it enough to support a family. Fifty thou- sand acres for the Indians, 50,000 for the whites. Great stir among Indian friends be- cause Indian money was assigned to help to build a bridge on the trans- continental highway therein. Rhoads and Scattergood found that charge against the Indlan funds when they came into office. It was only a paper charge. No money had been paid out. They have succeeded in writing it off | the books. Complicated situation of Indian legal processes. Confused and contradictory legislation. bits of law in appropriation bills, lack of unified general law. Rhoads gets a bill through the House for Cr)dlgrnmr‘n and simplification, as the first step. It fails in the Senate Meanwhile he takes the Indians’ side in matters before the Co-operation with other Government departments wherever they are willing | to be useful! Agriculture, to use their farm demonstrators among the In- dians—county agents used almost al- ways to_drive straight past an Indian's land. Public health, in nursing, in clinics—1in raising the standard of med- ical work. No more unekilled trachoma operations—resulting in blindness— when the new science finds trachoma primarily a disease of dirt and malnu- trition. Co-operation with the govern- ments of the various States toward health, education, agricultural exten- sion. Co-operation with the many varieties of private associations organized to “help the Indian,” who are often at daggers drawn with the missionaries. Arrangements for all Protestant mis- sionaries to deal direct with the Fed- erated Churches in Indian matters. New Hope for Indians. Just the high spots, these I have chosen, out of the work of less than two years, just the beginning of a new hope for the American Indian. Rather, one might say, a new hope for the rest of us, of self-respect as a Nation in regard to them. And what do two Quaker gentlemen from Philadelphia get out of these two vears of “public life"? Mr. Scattergood gets the privilege of give you my word. he thoroughly en- joys, ‘while he spends a large par:_of his time oscillating mostly in the In- | Mr. Rhoads has the privilege of leav- ing behind the charming association of nis Germantown home, his many friends in Pennsylvania, the kind of life he has oeen accustomed to and likes. And both have the occasional excitement (not un- usual nowadays for private business men) of sitting in uncomfortable chairs in a smoke-laden room, with a gallery of the curious, while congressional com- mittees ask questions which seem to im- ply that the quectioners think they are | lifelong crooks, incompetent and gen- | erally wormy souls. It's a_big public reward to men who have achieved a reputation by 40 or 50 years of decent living, made an intelli- gent success in private life, and are! handiing a heart-breaking task with purpose, vision, efficlency Three Men Report Hold-up. Three hold-ups were reported to po- lice early today. Hugh McDonald, a hacker, residing at Capital Heights, Md.: Herman G. Newman, Ballston, Va., and Alfred Chambers, colored, of | 1202 § street, told Follce they had been robbed. The total sum involved was misappropriated. The one bright ray|do, and “placement officers” to try to $3% -« | raflroad workmen in the shops and out STAR, WASHINGTON, D0, JULY 5, OLD MAIDS BY BRUCE T had been a very pleasant crossing of the ocean and all of us who were passen- gers had become well ac- quainted. As the big ship moved slowly to her pier we stood on the promenade deck looking into the mass of up-turned faces, each hoping to discover a relative or friend. Suddenly a woman beside me began to wave her hand- kerchief, and, from the pier, an old lady waved back. “That’s my aunt,” the wom- an confided to me. “Dear old Aunt Julia. My husband sent me a wireless that he is sick in bed with grippe. My mother is in the South. I was afraid there would be no one to meet me. “But I might have known. Aunt Julia never fails. Blessed old maid, she mothers us all. How could we ever live with- out her!” On the pler T was intro- duced to Aunt Julia. A trim little figure of a woman bub- bling over with unselfishness, ladened with an extra coat and a pair of overshoes—just in case her loving niece might happen to be cold. Having just come from France, and feeling very con- tinental, I bent over and kissed her hand. She blushed like a girl. “You mustn't try to flatter an old lady,” she said. But it was no attempt at flattery: (Copsrigh BARTON. Je— it was an act of reverence. She is a member of one of the noblest clans in the world. I had been reading, on the boat. a book about, the Bronte family. Mr. Bronte was a self-centered country parson, who wore out his wife by making her the mother of six children in six years. Left with the motherless brood on his hands, he cast around for help, and thought of his wife's maiden sister. She, or thing, was living eacefully in a lovely little own, with an income suffi- cient to provide comfortably for her simple wants. There was every selfish reason why she should stay just where she was. Yet, at his summons, she did not hesitate. She cast aside every personal consider- ation, came down to the bleak arsonage in its ugly part of ngland and proceeded, for the rest of her life, to devote herself to those children. How many millions of simi- lar instances have there been in history! What a priceless wealth of affection is poured out on the other people’s chil- dren by aunts and nurses and cooks and teachers to whom Fate gives no children of their own! How could humanity conduct its existence without them? I thought of these things as I watched Aunt Julia wrap up her niece and hurry away. I lifted my hat reverently and waved them good-by. t. 1081 ) Machine and Unemployment things numan the making of new prod- ucts and the institution of new fac- {ories and new businesses will provide for the employment needs of the work- ers. Trere will be displacements and temporary economic disturbances, but I believe that replacements will follow and that the active world will maintain its place on the plane upon which it has had a foothold during the great malority of modern years | There is a thing which seems to me to be of human interest in this matter of the displacement of hand workers by machines. The old English word and the old English family name. Hand- wright. comes from_ the occupation of the hand worker. It is a more inclu- sive word than “wheelwright” or any other word or name which suggests a specific orcupation. All me: hand workers, whether they { wrights or something else. were artists in their line. and the word “artist’ is used with thought. | Handwrights Strike. | ‘When machines and mass production | began to decrease the need for hand workers in certain trades many of the men who had been engaged in the manual labor of producing things de- clined to take employment under the new conditions. They had a pride in their old profession. a pride which for- bade them to do what seemed to them to be & debasing of their talent. It was the old Handwright pride The younger men who were starting as hand workers in certain industries were willing to make the change and to become & part of the framework of mass production and of the making of machine-wrought gonds. Not all of these young men were needed in the newer and, from ome point of view. more advanced industries. The elders who had declined to change retired or went into occupations entirely different from those in which they spent the vears of a life's work. What specifi- cally became of these displaced ones voung and old. no one knows, but the chances are that the voung found occu- | pations easily. for during the long period of change from hand work to machine work the times generally were pros- perous, thus furnishing evidence that no great masses of men for any great length of time were without occupa- tion. But this was in an earller day. At the very height of our prosperity in recent yvears changes in production methods by the increased use of labor- saving machinery were throwing men and women out of work month by month. It was pointed out in an edi- torial in the Railroad Trainman of Jan- uary, 1928, that the fact that employes then were receiving more money for what they did than ever before did not mean anything to other employes who had no jobs and no prospect of getting them. The fact that, generally speak- ing. times were flush and that wage | earners in steady employment were | spending money freely gave the entire country the feeling that evervbody was | emploved and turned attention away | for the time being from the problem | of what to do when the use of labor- saving machinery should increase to such an extent as to cause many to lose their jobs permanently. Facts Hard to Gather. When the period of depression in general business came, the unemployved who had been forced out by mass pro- | duction in the shops became merged with the unemployed who were thrown out of work because of the general slowing up of the business life of the country. It probably would be an im- possible task today to determine defi- nitely how many of the present unem- ployed lost their places because of the machine age and how many lost them because of the let-down in business. When employment conditions improve —and I believe they are certain to im- prove shortly—it will be easier to de- | termine the facts concerning the work- ers who find themselves in that condi- tion because machines have supplanted them in the shops. The introduction by the great rail- roads of virtually automatic signal de- | vices and the aholishing of many grade crossings naturally reduced the num- bers of men v..om the railroads felt they must employ. The building of much more powerful locomotives, the use of longer freight trains and other attending changes gradually brought about a reduction to the numbers of of them. ‘These changes in equipment are only partly responsible for the number of railroad employes who are without work today. The business depression affected I ailroads perhaps more injuriously than it affected other lines of business. Rail Employment Traced. The Interstate Commerce Commission in an official bulletin gives the monthly | trend of employment from January, | 1923, to January, 1931, on Class I rail- | roads—that 1is, all railroads having | operating revenues of $1,000,000 or| more. From the first date given the decrease in the numbers of employes | each vear was slight untl 1928 was reached. Then it was shown that the January, 1923. percentage of 983 had decreazed to 893 A slight decrease was shown by the 1920 figures over those of the vear previous. In the last two vears—that is. from January, 1929, to January. 1931—the decline has been sharp. The January figures of two years ago show 882, while those of January of this year show 737. the lowest employment showing during the eight-vear period What became of the railroad workers who. prior to the present time of de- preselon, were displaced because of changes in the operating methods of the companies and because of the intro- duction of more powerful locomotives longer trains and labor-saving devices in the shops? Expects Better Checks. Some day there probably will complete information upon this Ject—certainly complete go far as it affects further diversion 4f labor from any work because of changing methods i manufacturing. It is possible. how- ever. to state with some faith in the accuracy of the words the labor which many of these former rail- road men now are following. In a r port made in March, 1920, by the De- partment of Labor's Bureau of Labor Statistics this appears “There is another aspect of the prob- lem of the railroad labor displacement to be considered, namelv, whether the railroads are, after all. merely a part, although still the largest part, of the country’s transportation system. Dur- g the last decade or so motor trucks and motor busses running on the public highways have come to constitute an important part of the system regarded as a whole. These trucks and busses. very often run in rather close connection with railroad systems. have created new forms of employment. some of them not very different, if at all different, from certain railroad occupations. “To cite but one phase of this sub- ject, there were on January 1, 1927, i ___TOURS Season’s Greatest Bargain— Vacation Dollars All -Expense Tours fo the Scenic West with competent escort. No worries — no cares — everything arranged In ad- vance. You ses more, do more, enjey more at minimum expense. You will say itis the best vacation yei have ever had. We Serve Them All Yellowstone, Rocky Mountain, Zion, Bryce, Grand Canyon, Rainler, Yosemite National Parks Colorado, Utah, California, Alaska, Pacific Northwest, Canadian Rockies ALL-EXPENSE ESCORTED TOURS = 144% from CHICAGO Secure free copy of beautifully illus- trated “Summer Tours” before planning a vacation. It saves you time and money. DEPARTMENT OF TOURS Chicago & North Western Ry.. Union Pacific System =SEND COMPLETE INFORMATION == DEPARTMENT OF TOURS BRI o8 0 201 Frankiin Trus! e ey g 3 L am interested in 10UF 10ememecioncnncacen lines of | transportation | 1931—PART TWO. acco to a report to the National Automobile Chamber of Commerce, some 80,000 motor busses in use in the United States. Asuming that each one of these glves employment to only one driver- and many bus services have both drivers and conductors—there is a creation of at least 80,000 new jobs of a highly responsible character. In addition each | Only Doom (Continued Prom Third Page.) Is Doomed! | happens to dislike certain modern fatry tales. Well, I like some modern fi of these busses has to be kept in re-lrow and nihilistic cultures that rise on'|tales; I agree with him about the gof pair and serviced. A recent study of |its borders; the Prohibition of Mahomet |Stuff in some other modern fairy tales: this subject estimates that for every or Mr. Volstead; the machinery of |I do not iike any of them so much as three motor coaches in operation two Manchester or the machinery of Mos- |I like the old fairy tales. But our tastes men are needed for repair and service. | cow; the attacks on human living made | in this matter do not affect the truth. Many of these men are unskilled, but by & dead individualism or by a dying We believe that a child ought to have a many are skilled mechanics. It prob- ably requires as much skill to build, operate and service a motor coach as it _does to build, repair and service a raflroad car. “These examples might be increased to show how the development of motor transportation has created work not dis- similar from rallroad work for large groups of workers, both skilled and un- skilled. There are as yet no very ac- curate statistics on the subject, but such scattered data as are available, as well as common obeervation, indicate that the newly created jobs growing out of industry must run into the hundreds of thousands.” Machines Make Inroads. Now, naturally the business depression which has hit all kinds of industrial enterprise has affected the motor truck and motor bus industry, as well as all other occupational services. The report from which the quotation is taken was made two years ago. Since that time the number of motor trucks and busses has increased materially, and the num- ber of men employed probably was much greater in the Fall of 1920 than it was in the 8pring of that year. Then, however, the country's business troubles began and the occupational figures for that time are serviceless today. ‘There are many flelds of industry into which labor-saving machinery has been introduced. It is in use in the cotton flelds, in the wheat flelds and in the fields of other argricultural oc- cupations. Ship loading and unloading are not longer matters of wholly manual labor. The instances of displacement or threatened displacement might be multiplied. In a recent report by the American section of the International Chamber of Commerce it is said in effect that al- though mass production has made things cheap. it has carried the elimi- nation of labor to a point where, ac- cording to statistics, it seems an open question whether there are as many men hired to do the work as would have been employed if mass production had not been instituted. Bolutions Always Arrive. Tt is stated in the report that those emploved in industry in the Nation at the beginning and close of the decade | show a slight decrease in numbers in- | stead of a large increase, which, taken In comparison with the average yearly that the great advance in productivity has been achieved at the expense of the numbers of the working force. From the beginning of time there always has been found a way out When one sees an airplane overhead or looks upon the diving of a submarine he realizes that what was thought to be impossible in the nast has become | the commenplace of tge day. He feels lalso that because the*e has been no check in the constant appearance of inventive marvels in the past they will continue to make their appearance in jthe future. Every new thing means { thet much more work for men It is this advancemert in the inven- | tive genius of the people that has kept | the balance between work and the | workers fairly even. Steady and ener- getic effort in the future probably will be able, I think. to insure work for all willing workers at all times when de- pression in business conditions of the | country does not make for the general | 11l of all men and women In aviation and in all that belongs | to its field of supply the advancement recently has been rapid. From a bulle- tin compiled by Carl Byoir and asso- ciates. entitled “Graphic Facts About | Aviation,” it is learned that the num- | bers of yearly airplane passengers in- | creased from 6,000 in 1926 to 400,000 in 1930. The express packages carried iincreased in weight from 3,500 pounds |in 1926 to 718,000 pounds in 1930. In | 1826 810.000 pounds of United States mail were transported by plane. In 1930 the weight of the mail had in- reased to 8,000.000 pounds. Attention is called to this afrplane statement simply to give an example of | the rapid development in one new field of endeavor—a field which, like others | newly cuitivated. offers the certainty of {an increase in the employment of labor No one knows what next is to come, but that it will come the history of the | past proves. 1 think. fairly conclusively. { Certain it is that so far as the good of !labor is concerned its guardians always will be alert to its well being STEAMSHIPS. Q,!,-fi} ALIA ZEALAND y. 14th % . Washington, or B0 gine 9 Wews UNITED John W. 1027 Connecticut Av TO CALI 200 this new phase of the transportation | increage in population, makes it appear | | socislism. ‘They are confident that all these at- tacks on the family will Le defeated in itllrn. if only by other and contrary at- |tacks. And if they needed any con- firmation of their confidence (which |they do not) where could they find a more splendid and even startling con- firmation than in the genius of Wynd- ham Lewis? Only a few years ago, | women were summoned to ieave their | firesides and more or less figuratively | set the house on fire. Only a few years ago that was Progress; that was Proph- | ecy; that was the Doom of the domestic | superstition, condemned by enlighten- ment and the common good. Regarded as False. They wait a year or two and the next philosopher who appears acclares that all that revolution was a ruse of the | sweaters and swindlers of Big Business; | that it was only a delusion under the disguise of a rebellion. The next phi- losopher will say of the Wyndham Lewis | view of the Family exactly what Wynd- |ham Lewis would say of the Pankhurst |view of the Feminists. These fads suc- | ceed each other; and they have nothing in common, except that each of them |15 offered as final and each of them is very soon finished. All that vision of the future is a | thing of the past. It tries desperately | to become more imaginative by becom- ing more impossible: to become futur- ist by becoming futile; to make up for all that it has falled to destroy by | threatening what cannot be destroyed. | Because it has not outlived sacramentai | marriage it says it will outlive sex. Be- cause man will not abandon mysticism, |it says it will abandon man. Because woman is not sufficiently altered, she is abolished - In other words, it dwells more among the ruins; and it is raving. Every one of its futurist and fatalist prophecies in the immediate past has gone wrong It had destroyed religion with the one withering epithet of “medieval”; and the only result was that about half the | cultivated world began for the first time to read St. Thomas Aquinas. It said | that the modarn mind could no longer |think of anything like authority in politics: with the result that nation after nation set up dictatorships and rationalist after rationalist wrote books about the urgent need for monarchy 1 do not hold that the principles here involved were alwavs right: I only say that all the predictions were always wrong. And, having seen the Fasces brought back to Rome and Plato preaching to the humanists in America, I cannot but suspect a rumor of pre- mature burial in the announcement of the final funeral of man and woman 1 do not think that vouth is doomed: 1 do not believe that it will die. I have and more subtle suspicion I think that it will grow up. Predicts Slow Growth. if it grows up healthily and hap- it will grow up traditionally and and under the protection of the ¥~ There is no space here to argue so large a matter: but out of my warm admiration for Wyndham Lewis penetration and sincerity, I do ask him, not to believe it, but to believe that we believe ft. It is not a convention. it is a conviction: and it is the conviction of a body of men wrich does not di- minish and which is certainly not de- stroyved. He seems to be someéwhat dispropor- tionately disturbed by the fact that he ___ STEAMSHITS. i Newest, largest and most ma; nificent steamers between the North and South. But 4l; Sailings from New York Te MIAMI-Every BSaturday. To JACKSONVILLE—Every Tuesds Thursday and Satur in Plort To CHARLESTON. ‘Tuesday, Thursday for all points Southeast TEXAS — Every T points West and Pacific Coast, TAKE YOUR CAR Low rates when accompanted. LEVIATHAN AvG. 19 Exceptional values on world's greatest ship SEPT. 8 SEPT. 26 35 up. Leviathan 4-Day Cruise to Nova Scotia. Sails July 23. No crowding! Five Famous Cabin Liners to Ireland, England, France and Germany. Fares from $132.50. George Washington, America, Republic, President Harding, President Roosevelt. Tourist Third Cabin $105 one way, $185 round trip. 17-DayAll Expense Tours from $188 Four days in London or Paris. Side trips. Consult your local steamship agent or STATES LINES Childress, General Agent . Washington Phone Ni FORNIA fonal 7563 FIRST CLASS P H RESIDENT AYES The fare is lower than on any other line. 5500-mile cruise . . . H; $200 Sailings Jul A Presdent L & from YOUR LOCAL TR AR STEAMSHIP LINES FURN 1005 Connecticut avana...Panama. alo on President Monroe, Ang. 13, 23 -:dihao start at $250. Aner v a) New York. = 7 AVEL ‘AGENT, OR ... N.W., Washington Metropolitan 0695 | ehildhood. not because it is a fairy tale, but because it is a fact. That there is an imaginative life of intrinsic value in such an infancy does not_depend on this or that modern author; it is attested by men of every possible sort in_human history and (if | we are human) by our own memory and experience. To tell me that it is incon- sistent with the last educational experi- ment in Siberia or Kamchatka does not make me like it any less. To tell me | that it will not work under big business makes me like it more. I simply think it 1s as certain as death. By the way, | Mr. Lewis often alludes to Mr. Eve man, who on his first appearance in literature was_rather concerned with death. I wonder whether death also is | doomed. | _— | DETROIT LEADER DIES |Frank H. Croul, Father of Police Force, SBuccumbs at 73. | _DERTOIT, Mich., July 4 (#.—Frank H. Croul. the father of Detroit's Metro- politan Police Department, died Thurs- day on his seventy-third birthday anni- | versary Mr. Croul served as police commis- sioner under five mayors and two acte |ing mayors, his last service ending in 1926. He organized the city's first traf- fic squad, founded the Police Training | School. organized a special detail for |answering emergency calls and devel- oped a system of recovering stolen prop- |erty | Mr. Croul became {ll suddenly Tues- day and pneumonia developed Wednes= d | STEAMSHIPS. Land of the Caribou NEWFOUNDLAND Via the cool, bracing salt air of the GULF OF ST. LAWRENCE Special 9-Day Cruise from MONTREAL 1 JULY 8th On the luxurious ste NEX NORTH- day vosege O'BIERY™'S Steamship & Tourist Agency 1120 W ® _ Washington. D. ©. To BOSTON and return, inciuding meals $ and berth - - only ALL-EXPENSE TOURS | Ve conse 1047710 um;:uounuhu“ N Hudson River etc. 8 Lake Champlain uebec, etc. ova Scotia 8¢. Augustine Miam { Greatly reduced round trip fares to Florida for those desiring ¢ cool “long distance”” ocean trips: MIAMI round trip 370 JACKSONVILLE 46 Midsmmessiliuge Bl Boston each Tuea, FrisSun. 5 B.M, Tawauto ratesill e fol eePAtly Travel Bureau and Ticket Ofice, 1538 H Street, N.W., W ashington. S, .MERCHANTS & MINERS TRANSPORTATION CO. 14 9 10 from BALTIMORE THE e - - FRANCONIA enters Furness Bermuda Service UILT for luxury cruices, this pride of Cunarders will take to the | Ber ike the thoroughbred she For on this voy | steps into her own...bringing pro | deck-space, lordly “World Cruise social rooms. Pompeiian swimming pool, gymnasium, squash court , . . all the distinction of a London club ...to uphold the “Furness” traditions of luxury travel. Best news of all . . . there is no | inerease in cost . . . “Round Trip Rate Remains 1 only $60 up “Franconia” sails every Saturday, S. “Veendam” every Wednesday. Ack about the Special New York and Bermuda AllExpense 2.week Conduet- " ed Tour from this city every week. | For reservations, apply any authorized | agent or Furmess Bermuda Line, 3% Whitehall St. (where Broadway be- | gins); 565 Fifth Ave., New York, N. Y. ESS leads the way to BERMUDA ‘B s,

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