Evening Star Newspaper, June 30, 1931, Page 8

A—8 % THE EVENING STAR With Sunday Morning Edition. WASHINGTON, D. C. TUESDAY.. ...June 80, 1831 THEODORE W. NOYES....Editor The !vmh(,!ur No:lp;?c Company 11th 8t. a‘“‘ngmvinh Ave. ‘New Yorl lu ast 42nd 8‘ © . Lake [ichis Bullding. Shroréan O u"namt'fl. “London, Rate by Carrier Within the City. 45¢ per month about the “bandits” and gangsters. They have seen motion pictures depict- ing gang life and more or less exalting the lawbreaker, at least giving him a certain herolc aspect. They have seen on the screen examples of flashy and effective gunplay, and they have found out that they can get guns without much trouble.” Banditry is not difficult ito concelve and to effect in such ecir- cumstances. Just what is to ba done with these youngsters who have gone into the crime fleld is a difficult problem. Are they to be sent to reformatories for the remainder of their juvenile lives? Are they to be sent to jail for their offenses? D |Are they to be put on parole and Ational Rate by Mail—Payable in Advance. Maryland Virginia. Daily and Sunda Daiiy oniy . Bunday’ only All Other States and Canada. Daily and Sunda: Daily oniy ~ Binday only " Member of the Assoclated Press. The Assoclated Press is exclusively entitled to the ‘uee for Tepubiication of All Rews dis atches credited e I This paper and olso the ows Dublished. hetetn. = All rizhts of publicaion of Ebecial dispatches herein are aiso reserved. —_—-- e The Deficit. The United States Government closes its books today for the fiscal year with 8 deficit which exceeds in some measure $800,000,000. The country has had ad- vance notice of the coming deficit at the end of the business year. Indeed, it has been suggested that the deficit might well run over a billlon dollars. Americans, while regretting the deficit of their Government, may take some satisfaction in the thought that “it might have been worse.” The Secre- tary of the Treasury, Mr. Mellon, for several years has warned the country of & possible deficit, and now at last he has one. But Mr. Mellon has ever been scrupulously careful not to rouse the hopes of the country in matters finan- cial. It he has given estimates of the probable surplus in the Treasury, they have been found almost invariably be- low the actual results at the close of the fiscal year. And s0 now before Mr. Mellon left the United States to conduct his negotiations with Great Britain and France regarding the proposed inter- governmental debt moratorium he in- dicated that the deficit might be larger than it actually proves to be. While the Government faces this def- fcit, it still has a comfortable sum of cash on hand, a mere matter of $500,000,000. It does not appear that there is any danger at present cf the Government's suspending any payments. And only a short time ago, when Sec- retary Mellon advertised a bond issue of $800,000,000 paying-the lowest rate of interest since the Wold War, ex- cept some short time notes, the issue was oversubscribed many times. Lit- erally an avalanche of money was of- fered, mostly through the banks, for these notes, amounting to $6,000,- 000,000 The Treasury statement issued at the close of business yesterday indicates the causes of the deficit quite clearly. These are the falling off in receipts from income taxes, ternal revenue taxes and from customs duties, taken in connection with an in- crease in the governmental expendi- tures over the previous year. The larg- est single item is the decrease of $551,- 000,000 in the amount of the income tax collections. The governmental ex- penditures were up some $300,000,000, and customs duties were off about $110,000,000. The efforts of President Hoover to pare down governmental expenditures and to bring about material savings of money actually appropriated are worthy of consideration, under the condition now confronting the Treasury. But there is one branch of the Government which should take due notice of the situation—the Congress. The reckless manner in which new projects are some- times authorized by that body, influ- enced largely by politics, is a peril to the fiscal affairs of the Government at any time. A return of business and employ- ment, with corresponding increases in the earnings of corporations and indi- viduals, will mean a return of the golden flow of taxes into the Treasury. It is the hoped-for solution of the Gov- ernment’s financial situation today. But whether that happens this year or next or the year after, there remain many things which may be done to improve that situation, or certainly to prevent its assuming & more serious character. It is up to the executive branch of the Government as well as the legislative to see that these things are done. ————— Pittsburgh atmosphere that was once notorious for its soot content i now being measured by & Bureau of Mines robot for its carbon monoxide per- centage. It seems as though there is just no way of keeping the air clean out there. . Boy Bandits. Juvenile “gangs” are not new in ‘Washington, though' their purpose and the particular form of their activity have changed somewhat in the course of the years. Forty or fifty years ago, and earlier indeed, gangs developed in neighborhoods, particularly those peo- pled by the less affiuent members of the community. These boys reigned over their areas and sometimes went on ralds into the zones of other gangs. Battles between them were frequent and flerce, with stones usually as weapons. Sometimes these gangs went in for robbery, but as a rule they were not criminally inclined, though they made life miserable for neighbors and often damaged property seriously. The gangs that have lately been broken up by the police are of a dif- ferent sort. They are imitators of the adult racketeers and crooks who have been thriving in such large centers of population as Chicago during recent years. They have even taken over the names of some of the widely known lJeaders, such as Capone. They break into houses and stores, rob tills, set fires and are altogether pretty mean in their performances. ‘The average age of these bands of pliferers and destroyers would seem to be about fourteen or fifteen. One band has lately been iden- tified in which the leaders have the ripe age of seven years. Unquestionably this sorry copdition is dudto the imitative propensities of r.dolescence. These boys have read much from other in-, watched for signs of relapse? Are they to be committed to the disciplinary ministrations of their parents? These are questions that go straight to the 3¢ |problem of crime in America, for the lawbreakers, the gangsters, the bandits, the gunmen and looters are recruited from just such material as these lads who make & play of crime for both the thrill of dangerous enterprise and also for profit. —o— The Imrasse at Pari There is no longer any virtue in blinking the fact that negotiations at Paris have reached a state of deadlock. Three days of uninterrupted conference between Secretary Mellon and the French authorities have produced no appreclable progress toward President Hoover's goal, a complete suspension of reparation payments and intergovern- mental debt payments for one year. Discussiop will be resumed tomorrow. Paris has made proposals and reser- vations which run counter to Washing- ton’s plan. The French Chamber of Deputies stands solidly behind the Laval government's demand for the “intangi- bility” of the Young plan. Washington retorts that “proposals will not be ac- cepted which do not fall completely within the spirit and purpose of the President’s offer.” Unofficial cables report that the “tech- nical questions” which the State De- ! partment says “are still to be discussed” include provision for eventual German payment of the $425,000,000 which it is proposed shall be suspended for one year. The French are said to be ask- ing for its coverage at the end of five years. The Americans suggest twenty- five years. There is talk of compromis- ing on twelve years. If agreement is really hanging on any such difference in viewpoint. no stretch of optimism is nec- essary to justify hope of a reconciliation, France will not fall to note the sig- nificance of one terse State Department announcement yesterday. “It is our un- derstanding,” says this word to the wise, “that all governments have now agreed in principle to the President’s plan ex- cept the French government.” That is a plain intimation that the United States relies confidently on a mobilisa- tion of world opinion in support of President Hoover's program. It is & | thinly veiled warning of the fate of isolation that awaits the French if thelir swn interests, however valid, impel them to reduce the President's step toward globe-wide economic recovery to a futile gesture. America, backed by a truly amasing bulwark of her aroused public opinion, is signaling a readiness once again to pull & strong oar in the international boat. It cannot be that France will as- sume the responsibility of discouraging us from carrying out that purpose. —_— Sherman Statue. Proposal hes been made to move the statue of Gen. William Tecumseh Sher- man from its present site south of the Treasury to Sherman Circle, at Seventh and Crittenden streets, in order to make room for the extension of E street westward at full width from Fifteenth street to the drive that bor- ders the southern grounds of the White House. Director Grant of the Park and Planning Commission is to confer with Treasury officials on the subject. If the project is egreeable it may be proposed to Congress, the assent of which would be necessary for such a change. Since removal of the buildings from the are north of the new Commerct Department, the Sherman statue has shown up in strong relief against the western sky and has for the first time since emplacement in 1903 appeared to ifs best advantage. It still, however, remains a silhouette. Facing north as it does, it is in the least favorable position for good effect. It is, moreover, a subject of consider- able criticism, especially in the matter of the attendant military figures at the base. As a work of art it could be per- haps spared from 8o conspicuous a site without great public grief. But the question of whether there should be a straightaway extension of E street to the semi-circular road south of the White House is another matter. There may be traffic conges- tion at that point due to the narrower passage immediately south of the Treasury. But whether this should be relieved by driving straight streets into the park at full width is dublous. The park rcads should not be made full traffic thoroughfares. ———————— “Six British mountain climbers have reached the “top of the world” as far {as records go. That does not mean, however, that Mount Everest, still un- scaled, will now be left alone, et Result of School Fares. It is doubtful that anything worth- while would or could result from a re- hearing by the Public Utilities Com- mission ‘on the question of reduced fares for school children, and that body is pursuing the only reasonable course in deciding to fight the matter out in court without further delay. When Congress enacted the three- cent-fare law it made itself a rate-mak- ing body without the procedure usually followed in establishing rates. In other words, it fixed the maximum rate of fare for school children without weighing the effect of the reduction of income on the corporations’ earnings. The Public Utilitles Commission was fac:d with two alternatives. It could include the school fare as a part of the whole, broad question of adequate reve- nues to which the companies are en- titled, and, after investigation of its effect on these revenues, order increased adult fares to offset the losses, if any. Or, refusing to change the adult fares, in other communities. The corpora- tions did not object to the principle of lower fares for school children when THIS AND THAT BY CHARLES E, TRACEWELL. the legislation was being framed. They | ! did contend, and the contention was reasonable, that the Public Utilities Commission, and not Congress, should fix the actual rate of fare after a study of its effects on the companies’ returns. While Congress did not spécifically fix the fare, it accomplished the same ends by setting & maximum fare, and mak- ing that maximum also the obvious minimum, below which no one could with reason belleve that even school fares would go. If the statistics furnished by the transportation companies are correct, the school fare has acted merely to re- duce returns. The possibility that low- er fares might lead to so much greater school child patronage that the differ- ence in fare would be more than made up by increased volume has not materi- alized. The only effect has been to dimin- ish the companies’ returns, and the com- panies are now protesting that such action cannot be legally subsiantiated. So much for the school fare. The facts emphasize once again the deplor- able conditions existing in Washington, where the people are called upon to shoulder the excessive burden of main- taining competing bus and street car lines, with expensive and duplicated management costs and with inconven- fent service as the rewards. They point again to the desirability of consistent effort toward eliminating the chief handicaps to satisfactory fares and sat- isfactory service. They point to the fact that nothing is going to be gained eithor by the public or by the companies in the way of satisfactory fares and service until there is a new deal in local transportation facilities and one com- pany, instead of three, is given the priv- ileges of & monopoly and charged with the incumbent responsibilities. —_———————. If the Sherman statue is moved to another location, perhaps those in charge of the operation might manage to mislay the funny little effigies that now stand guard at its base. They could be disposed of to small towns to s°rve as “soldiers’ memorials.” An Illinois boy has just made a rec- ord of being buried alive in a well for twenty-two hours and then coming back to the surface practically intact. ‘This is not to be recommended ss = succession to tree-sitting as a sport. —_——e—— Charges and counter charges between Elder Hays and Rev. Andrews about motion picture censorship and profits may be interesting but will not insure better films. SHOOTING STARS. BY PHILANDER JOHNSON. The Happy Medium. I love to hear the highbrow Making great opinions known; I sometimes wish that my brow Were lofty, like his own. Yet my feeling never mellows When he leads the learned hike, As when talking with plain fellows Such as Jim and Bil and Mike. I don't commend the lowbrow Of the rude assertive kind, I am satisfled that no brow Should congeal & vacant mind. But when erudite orations Leave me mystified, I like The lucid observations Of plain Jim and Bill and Mike. idge. something hy iy and e far apart ly state cf affairs, since or- otors come much too thick best enjoyment of the riders in of them. * ok X % ‘ot down into town we help thinking about that and how few persons who groped for the a “Artists See Differently,” Must every one see alike, any more allke, or talk alike, or hear o st ot i o ions v- differently the 80~ e street. * ok ok X A speclal education, in any line, is something. It means that one is trained, from the beginming, to see what others will miss. In the matter of the reproduc- tion of objects on canvas, which we give the wide name of painting, although we call house decoration painting, too, it must be true that the artist has an en- horizon. will see things as we, the ordinary spectators, do not see them, and will have the right to set them down as he sees them and as we do not see them. The question of interest to the lay- man, therefore, is not “Are they true?” but rather, “WIiil I ever see them as he sees them?” * x k¥ A man with no special training in mmflng in ofls or water colors will see 1f, for instance, standing in frent of one of these wild types of pictures in & gallery. “What is this?” he inquires of him- self. To him, in all honesty, it seems the work of & fool, or, worse, an idiot. Suppose 1t is one cf these ultra-mod- ern things, perhaps the torso of a woman, grotesque, with one side of the face practically eliminated, the arms attenuated and stretched out in gro- tesque fashion. H The layman knows instinctively that he does not like it, and that, ng to his standards of the past, it is not great, nor even approaching to it, but rather is a bit of artistic foolishness. ‘To such a spectator the painting will be crude and unnatural, and if he is as honest with other people as he is with himself he will lose no time in compar- ing it unfavorably with paintings of women &s he knows them. * ok k¥ ‘The man without a particular artistic training will place much stress upon his common sense, and hope it will stand him in good stead in the eternal combat which arises when he views a painting or a work of sculpture which strikes him as unnatural. Who is he, after all, to set the bounds of natural and unnatural, and to say positively that cne effort is nat- ural, another not? 1 b B is sacred, and as a man he, He has a right to duty to himself to express lf the innate honesty & Christian, which means & kind man, helwxu T e opinions where they hurt. kg Kindn ess in all things is the mark of the Christian; even in art criticism he will not hurt the painter, the artist, who may see women as daubs and mountains asestreaks. * ¥ X ¥ In his own mind, however, he will say what he pleases about a.pain or statue which strikes him as iar of the mark of Nature. Here comes up the old debate of the place of realism in art. If one wants phof iphic likeness, Be is told, he should take along a Theordinary man will retort by stating that in his eyes a fine camera study can be as artistic as any paint- ing, and none the less 5o, at least to him, because of its versimilitude. It is the old conflict between impres- sionism and realism, one which in its very essence cannot be resolved to the satisfaction of all. man in the street will keep in mind that many of the world’z greatest intings are done with camera-like delity to the subject. ‘There will always be the veering of the mind and heart of man trom cne extreme to the other. In fiction the world has romance and then natural- ism; in child training repressicn and then utter lack of obadience. In time the pendulums will swing ths other way. g!’ R85 el w35 g =< H * K X % ‘There tends to be an inferiority complex among laymen as to art work, which makes too mMany of us deprecate our own taste, and chary of holding our own convictions, even to ourselves. If & purple ccw seems highly un- natural, and not in keeping vith a lavender meadow, we should be willing to think as much, and to ‘eel that a brown-and-white cow in a green meadow would be just as great art, end a great deal more lifelike. ‘Because we may not have spent years in Paris, nor studled at an academy, is no good reason why we should look at & painting, even an expensive one, and say, “Well, if he painted it that way, 1t must be all right.” Informing such judgments, however, we do well if we remember the Lrown of Rock Creek, and how unnatural it would appear in a paintin. Our ordinary standards of judgment are based on certain standard appear- ances of things with which we are familiar, and in which light we are used to picturing them in our own minds. Life may change them, for a time, upon the instant, slmost, and unless we are quick to note these changes, and to comment upon them at the time, we are likely to miss them alto- gether, and especially in the iuture, when we may be tempted to say that such changes never happened at all, that water is always green or blue, and never by any means the color of coffee with just a little cream in it, as it was in Rock Creek that morning. MacDonald Success Seen to Continuance in power of the British Labor government, headed by Premier Ramsay MacDonald, is taken by the American press as an indication of political stability in that country and is linked with the similar survival of existing governments on the continent as indicative of like trends in European politics. ‘The adherence of the Labor- ites to tested political principles and non-radical policies, the support of the Liberals in the recent crisis, and the desire of all three parties to avoid a general election at this time, are seen as the prime factors in MacDonald's success. The ability of the premier and the constructive progress of the party in home and foreign affairs, especially In regard to armaments and Anglo- American relations, are recognized. “At bottom, the comparatively long life of the MacDonald and cabinets is & hopeful indication of Euro- pean stability,” in the opinion of the ‘| Rochester Times-Union, which adds, Undue Stress. “I shall have to learn to play golf with my left hand,” remarked Senator Sorghum. “Why?" “I've been out home shaking hands with the folks and my right arm. is over-exercised.” Jud Tunkins says he knows at least half & dozen reformers who never got any further than showing their own need of elocution lessons. Computations. B8aid the old Arithmetic, “Ah, me! I'm overworked, I must confess. Please put me out of diploma-cee And back in regular business.” Intellectual Accomplishment. “Women have better equipped irtel- lects than men.” “In some - respects,” Cayenne. met who know offhand and with pre cision how to score according to the latest bridge rules are women.” Her Discovery, “Charley, dear,” sald young Mrs. ‘Torkins, “I didn’t know you were so fond of children!” “What makes you think I'm so fond | of them?” | “Every now and then you mention some one you call Babe Ruth with such extraordinary affection.” Summer Styles. ‘The bathing suit is made of stuft ‘That's neither long nor wide. But then the ocean's big enough Each bathing suit to hide. “When you listens to de voice of conscience, risk losin’' de bemefit by givin' it t00 long an argument.” Team Work. Prom the Detroit Pree Press. replied Miss into cahoot, they will have to reach an agreement to occupy the White House on alternate days. Not at Hollywood! 'f; the 8t ‘Joseph Gazette. “Most of the people I have |the “In both Germany and England mod- erate Labor elements have contributed immensely to the constructive solution of current difficulties.” The Jersey City Journal, referring to the Liberal in England and the Socialist y Germany, advises that “it is fortun for the world that the two important minority groups d&ccided to exerc patience, rather than upset apple carts. ‘The Kalamazoo Gaz:tte, commenting on the question of arms limitation which js before the European govern- ments, states: “The pre'iminary work has been carried out with the policies ald regime in mind, and a shift to Tory rule within the next few months might place a different aspect on the whole movement. The desirability of keeping British politics reasonably stable at this time apparent- 1y is recognized by many of the ad- ministration’s Conservative opponents who, though naturally inclined to seea power for themselves, have shown no overwhelming disposition to force the various issues that have arisen durtn’ the last year. The Tories may also feel that the domestic difficulties from which suffering are beyond itical treatment and tes may as well be left ibllity until general conditions improve.” * * *x ¥ Passing of the point of contention over the land tax measure and the amendment f’:‘r which the ubermm Bomm responsible impresses upon u Bend Tribune the thought that “the MacDonald government is comparative- ly safe for the ‘R:!um." ‘The Tribune is _convinoed t “British-American relations to continue highly amicable” under the present premier and feels that “‘perhaps the Labor gov- ernment will survive long enough to international armament r.” That emphasizes s mwp:lwneum 18 not desired by any bne of the British parties—Labor, because has “borne the brunt of popular licies and i |or the said Uncle Eben, “don't|2nd It Mr. Pinchot and Mr. Roosevelt go | increasing ok only a P 0] a o have puu Bruening | on Indicate Political Stability Conservatives and Liberals would com- bine against it.” That paper concludes: “The government is a Labor regime in name only. MacDonald must watch his step. He is tisd hand and foot by the other parties. Once he slips, he will go down and out in a hurry.” Referring to the compromise that preceded the final developments in the land-tax controversy, the Hartford Times comments: “The manner in which the chief of the Liberals stecred the Laborites out of danger proved that Lloyd e has lost none of the political craft or cunning that carried him to the kldeuh&g of his party and the premiership of the nation. Reply- to the shafts of ridicule and cat- calls from the Conservative benches, the little Welshman simply replied: “The whole of British politics is based compromise.’ No matter how eagerly he desires a return to power, it is evi- dent that Mr. Lloyd George prefers to throw his influence to the side of the Laborites rather than to the Conserva- tives. No doubt he will wish this fact to be well remembered in Labor circles when the general election comes.” “The Labor government se*ms to bear a charmed life,” says the Jackson Citizgen Patriot, conceding that “the Laborites have given Britain a remark- ably successful administration under the circumatances” and that “they have followed judicious policies in 'l'omgn affairs, and have achieved some prog- ress in promoting the revival of trade at home.” The Ji paper finds 8 ice in the fact that the Labor supporters “have not shown particularly radical tendencies,” and believes that “as long as MacDonald remains at the helm, moderation is sure to prevail in the party's counsels.” ——— Counting Wheat Grains. From the Butte Montans Standard. The United States is not the greatest wheat-growing country in the world, a fact which was brought out at the re- gent wheat conference in London. Neither are we the greatest exporters of wheat. We rank e‘xporbem as pro- as rs. Last 1,082 million bushels l, ) ngary, Jugo- slavla and Bulgaria produced 334. “gr- gentina grew only 239 million bushels and Australla 205. But it will be noted that the United States and |Only Russia actually produce half the wheat of the world. Canada with excellent water trans- portation facilities exports more wheat any nation, with 185 millions, or nearly half her crop, sent out of the country. * Argentina ships out more than half her crop, or 151 million bush- els. This country sent out only 140 million bushels in 1930. Russia’s ex- ports were 93 millicn bushels and Aus- tralia’s 63 million. Exports of India «were relatively negli- le. It is no reflection on this or any sold | sefety and NEW BOOKS AT RANDOM 1L G. M. BATTLING CRIME WAVE. Here at the Capital is _concrete ex- ample of that whicn Harry Elmer Barmes so earnestly advocates in his new book, “Battling the Crime Wave.” Out on the Bladensburg road near the District line stands the National ‘Training School for Boys. Penal in im- mediate objective, reformative in ex- pressed purpose. Here are brought to- ther both occasional offenders against law and the more difficult tribe of incorrigibles. Just a year ago there came to the Blu:e a new superintendent, Col. Claude . Jones, that change, the “school” appeared to center upon no- tions of escape and plans for the suc- cessful issue of such besetment. Rec- ords of the institution seemed to spe- cialize in captures and recaptures. Its modes of helpfulness pointed upon manacled feet as particularly e - cious, upon bodies beaten with rubber hose, slithery and stinging, as good medicament for wanderlust. Just & hangover from old and barbarous cen- turies, this. Unbelievable, but true. ‘Then came Col. Claude D. Jones. And he sald “Shucks!”"—or some such thing. “Why, holy smoke! These are Just boys, no different from the rest of their tribe the world over!” He liked them—no doubt about that. He seemed, moreover, to have shed a lot of the Puritan that we, here in the East, find it so hard to get ovt from under. A Colorado man. 8o, farther away than the rest of us from Cotton Mather and Jonathan Edwards and such.. The point is that within the year a decent way of life has been born out in that school on the Bladensburg pike. Now- adays, these boys work—actually work. No kindergarten pretending about it. They make things in the shops and grow things in the gardens, grow food, edible stuff. Work till they’'re dog tised as a man should be after the day's stunt. Sleep deep, without fantastic nightmares about running away. Play games, real ones, with struggle and strain, where victory and defeat do equal parts in making dead game sports of these fellows. Col. Claude D. Jones is licking that place into warmth and life and good human stuff. I read this story in The Sunday Star, June 28. And it's a good one. Here is a solid bit of the “Greater Washington" 1 toward which the Capital is now strain- ing. A bit of Greater America, raying out from the Nation’s home * k% % “Bernard Shaw has observed that if a man steals a loaf of bread in Eng- land he is run into jail, while if he | steals a Tailroad he is run into parlia- ment.” The writer's text, this, to de: clare that the same is true in the United States, declaring that if a man wrecks a train on the railroad, he gets a long prison sentence, maybe a life term. But if certain men should wreck the entire system—as they did—they Iwould not be molested—and they were not. Sull do these tower and shine as beacons of American honor and probity. This course, ta be sure, the highway to “demoralization of our legal system and court procedure.” | Moreover, and quite as disastrous in its | effects, does such a state implant dis- trust in the high gestures of justice and certainly does it breed the multi- form discontents already of clear men- ace to the foundations of the country itself. | ‘There are many agencies, outside are wakened and working in respect to a more intelligent conception of crime and the treatment of prisoners. The church is doing much in this direction. So are the newspapers. So are the movies. “The Big House,” by far the most intelligent and faithful presenta- ftion of actual prison life which has ever been thrown on the screen, was, to friends of prison reform, a thing of rejoicing and hope. A deeply rousing chapter in this ,book is the last one, “The Family Tree of the Racketeer,” that spectacular adventurer who keeps the press on its toes, so to speak, to march in time with his dexterous performances. Who is the true father of the Capone tribe? | He is that earlier adventurer bent on | the treasure hunt,—early Spaniard, | then the 49ers, then the exploiters of country—miners, oil discoverers, The buccaneers of Amer- fcan natural resources, at first, then buccaneers of American business. These, the progenitors of modern gangland, of the modern racketeer, the Capones and such. A different field of exploitation, a different method of ab- sorption to individual uses, that which defrauds the many, oppresses the less assertive, the less resistant—but, in spirit and in effect it i8 with these that the high racketeer belongs. Plau- sible? Good sequence of Fistoric study? You decide that for yourself. Most interesting as a topic for thought, however. new fur, traders. o No, I'm not lost. Nor have I forgotten { my plan to give attention to this writer's new book on the subject of crime. The little story drawn from a recent Star is of the very essence of that book. Its basic thought rests upon the need for an actual reform in the treatment of prisoners, in the conduct of prisons, in the approach of the great commonalty to the subject of crime, in the enact- ments of legislative bodies respecting the subject. A forward-looking study. What is being done by science in its investiga- tions of crime and the treatment of crime? What is being done by the law to keep in step with the findings of science regarding the sources of crime in heredity, early environment, misfit systems of education? What is being done with inefficiency among officials charged with public order and lawful- ness? What with vulnerable lawyers, who have, thousands of them, grown rich and famous in the practice of de- livering powerful malefactors from the effects of laws made for the protection of society as a whole? These, some of . [ the standing places from which Dr. Harry Elmer Barnes invites the average reader to look out over the landscape in its present tempests of crime. “Who is the criminal?” asks the author. And he cites some of them— the unintelligent, feeble-minded, sick, poverty-stricken, hopeless and desperate. some of them. On the other hand, there are the brillfant ones, bril- liant in spots, but unco-ordinated as a whole. At war with the social world against which they take the role of marauder and destroyer. Confident, always, with the gambler's faith of being able to “get away with it.” “Who is the habitual criminal?” some one asked of a noted ex-convict. “The habitual criminal is the one who habit- ually gets a poor lawyer,” was the not implausible eynicism tossed back to that curious student of current affairs. And here comes the author's survey of old ineptitudes and errors in the law itself. And an equally searching investigation of the new practices and new lawyers bent, both, or £0 it seems, to mazes of technical abstruseness and involution ‘whose clear, and sole, object is “win- my case,” regardless of science or ics or any ble concern for the well-being of the community as a whole. * ok k% ‘The purpose of the study is to place before readers & middle flonnd of survey between the somewhat inac- led | cessible scientist, on the one hand, and current press reports, on the other, The latter are, in a measure, Af and made intelligible by way of this o ko and f¢ science applied crime and its treatment. Obscured by an overloaded and obsolete ent. to a sub- lassitude ln“relpeet e and education for the prison “0. | building on a wooded tract near Hope- *|well, N. J. the domain of pure law-making, that | natural resources throughout the rich |that to have become such an eminent the subject of ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS Star Information Bureau, ‘Haskin, director, Washington, D, O. Q. Are theaters well attended in Russia?—L. M. A. All the theaters of Russia are said say that they know having deficits. Every theater in Lenin- grad and Moscow is packed to capacity. Nel J. State edifices. It is a broad, low main building 400 feet square, constructed around four courts. In the center rises an impressive square tower 400 feet high. The facade, with its setback, suggests that of the Pitti Palace at Florence (1430): while the tower indicates modern German in- fluence, recalling at the same time the turreted structure over the crossing in the older cathe at Salaman Spain. Bertram Grosvenor was the architect. Q. What is the origin of the term "tweedlA m?"—!. H. . The designation of this particular variety of worsted fabrics as “tweeds” is commonly, but erroneously, associat- ed with the §cottish river of that name. The origin of the word “tweed,” however, has no reference to the River Tweed, but is sald to be due to an error. on the part of a London clerk, who, in the year 1826, when writing out an in- voice for these goods, inadvertently wrote th: word “tweeds” instead of “tweels,” the Scottish for twills. Orders were placed for more “Scottish tweeds,” & novel dmn?tmn which immediately won_the popular favor and became firmly established in the clothing trade as a brand of quality. Q. Why did Mark Twain_publish “Personal Recollections of Joan of Arc” anonymously?—G. L. A. The author stated that he had spent 14 years of preparation on this work and that it would never be ac- cepted seriously over his own signature. Q. Where is the new home of the Lindberghs?—L. F. A. Col. and Mrs. Lindbergh are Q. Have railroad tracks ever been laid by machine?—R. W. A. Machines are in use which can u as many as 275 pieces of rail in a ay. Q. When was the first library school ::mxmhed in the United States?—W. | V. \ | BY FREDERIC J. HASKIN. plan for such a school presented tov the American Library Association as early as 1883, but rovmbymoxmw arians. Opposition gradually , however, as the value of for- fessional inning with the bratt Mwleo!l.lb:’:gy Bcunuu in 1890. 5 Q. What salary does the 14 a big airport get>—V. G. it Doris averags sbout 510,000 & veser witn average about X 3 glob,m as the present top.‘ Q. Who won the titlé of “Miss Uni- verse” in the Galveston beauty pag- i b ] jlum,” who is Mile. Netta n-uni,. aged 17. 3 Q. How ‘hildre; .vmm—-c.xm.m’ 2 TSNy A. Three—C] C. lara Malone, Mevy - lone, Bobby and Q. When is the international sta show 1o be held in Germany?’—E. K. = ‘The International Stamp will be held at i by Hamburg from %u Q. What is the name of the bird the female species of which is more bril- liantly colored than the male?—T. V. A. The electus parrot. Q. What is the origin of the light- house?—J. B. L. A. The earliest lighthouses of which records exist were the towers built by the Libyans and Cushites in Lower Egypt, beacon fires being maintained in some of them by the priests. Lesches, a Greek poet (600 B.C.), mentions & lighthouse at Sigeum, now Cape Inci- hisari,-in the Troad, which appears to have been the first light regularly main- tained for the guidance of mariners. Q. Who is the new president of the f | American Medical Association?—M. J. A. Dr. Edward Henry Cary of Dallas, Tex., dean emeritus of the College of Medicine of Baylor University. Q. To what extent is goods returned to stores?—C. M. O. A. It is estimated that customers now return goods to retail stores amounting to $1,600,000,000 annually . About $450¢- 000,000 of this represents the value of goods returned to department stores. The cost of handling these transactions is approximately $50,000,000 a year. . When was trench mouth dis- covered?—B. D. A About 1897, but did not take an epidemic form until the Worid War, at which time it was more common then were typhoid and malaria during the Spanish-American War. Highlights on the Wide World Excerpts From Newspapers of Other Lands E MATIN, Paris. — In relation to the celebration of the 500th an- niversary of the martyrdom of Joan of Arc the tomb has been | opened at Lisieux of Pierre | Cauchon, Bishop of Beauvais, who died | in 1443. This ecclesiastic was the prin- cipal judge at the trial of La Pucelle d'Orleans, but his subsequent career in territory dominated by the English re- mained more or less obscure, though both record and tradition declared that he had been buried at Lisieux, in Nor- mandy. Of late years, however, it be- gan to be rumored that Pierre Cauchon had been entombed in one of the churches of Paris, and it was to deter- | mine the possibility of this that the | anclent sepulcher at Lisieux was ex- plored by the ministry of historftal arts. Exactly in the spot where the bishop had been buried, according to the old | records, & leaden cofin was found con- taining & complete and well preserved skeleton of a man, with a few gray | locks still adhering to the skull. The| age of the bishop at his death is not| known with accuracy, but it is presumed | prelate, at least 60 years of his life must have passed. An ivory crucifix lay upon the bony structure ~that once comprised the breast, and an episcopal ring still en- circled a finger of the right hand. Strangely enough, however, no other articles of clothing, ornament er dis- tinction were found, but possibly all have crumbled to dust and been dissi- pated in the air during the course of the five centuries that have passed since the death of the ecclesiastic. Photo- graphs and records were taken both of the opened receptacle and all that it contained, after which the remains of the bishop were reinterred, to await henceforth the summons of the day of Judgment. The trial of Joan of Arc took place at_Rouen, and it was there, too, she suffered her dreadful fate. Whether Plerre Cauchon moved willingly in the matter of the tribunal which was set up to judgz her has never been conclu- sively settled. It is known that the in- vading En{lhh dominated his domain, and virtually dictated the penalty for her patriotism and fortitude, but it seems incredible that Plerre Cauchon could have ratified or approved the sentence, * K k% Comic War Continues In Guise of Practice Maneuvers. A B C, Madrid.—The serio-comic war in the Islanc of Madeira continues more or less in the guise of practice ma- neuvers on the part both of the insur- gents and the Portuguese forces. The fleet of six vessels has arrived from Lis- bon, and the Al ip, the Vasco de Gama, has already tried an experi- mental shot or two at the fortifications around Funchal. Living nearly a mile oft shore, the town is almost beyond range of the antiquated armament of the Vasco de Gama and the Carvalho Aranjo, the next largest crulser in the Portuguese fleet. Of the shells already fired most of them fell into the sea, tiiough one struck a small frame d near the shore and demolished it. vessels are ironclads built half a cen- tury ago, and would be useless in any hostilities except with such poorly lrmed‘ and begulpped contingents as the Madeira rebels. Funchal boarded the flagship of the gov- ernmental expedition and endeavored to arrange for arbitration before any bloodshed occurred. ~Gen. rmona, however, had already issued his ulti- matum to the effect that no terms would be discussed with the insurgents except unconditional surrender. Tha people of Portugal are very much to t:e dlclu.;:‘r‘nhlp s usual in such cases, the m evidencls of resentment have come from the students in the various ools and universities. e by waking up the public, the good man d woman, the you and the me, to & ke of the close relation that f the most revolutionary ideas, and whe have been shouting their sympathy with the Madeiran rebels. These disturb- ances have been most pronounced at the University of Oporto. Several British boats have also arrived at Funchal to protect British citizens, who have all been nerded into one or two protected colonies. * ok k% Alfonso Packs Up Joy and Wills His Grief to Spain. ULK, Berlin.—*Abscchid von Spanien®™ (Farewell to Spain”): Alfonso was a King of Spain, But, ach! is King no more; New notions grew up overnight, And thrust him out the door. “Yet do not weep, my pretty Queen, In London lies my gold; Far from Madrid we’ll carry on, Remote from lack and cold. “Many a kaiser, many a king Has lost kis lands and throne, Exiled, my dear Victoria, To live a happy drone! “We gain more than we losg, my love; Our blessing °tis, in fact; blicans can WorTy now keep the realm intact. “A fool were I to claim my rights, ‘When ylelding means such glee; If Spaniards like our exodus. No less, I'm sure, do we! ‘Thus briefly have we told the tale, Of monarchistic pain; Alfonso ed up ell his joys And willed his griefs to Spain!* * *x x % Number One Graduate Peking University. ‘The North China Herald, Shanghai— A correspondent supplies a copy of the following application for a_job as re- ceived by & in Rio de Janeiro: Homrx lblew Sirs: 2 am Wang. It is for my personal benefit that I write to ask for a pcsi- tion in your honorable firm making ma- chines which so high go. I have a flexible brain that will adapt itself to your business, and in consequence bring gooa efforts Lo ycur honorable selves. education was impressed upon me in Peking University in which place I graduated number ONE. I can drive a typewriter with good noise and my English is great. references are of the good, should you hope to see me they will be read by yo th great pleasure. My last job has left itself from me for the good reason that the large man has dead. It was on account of no fault of mine. So hororable sirs, what about it? If I can be of big use to you I will arrive on some date that you should guess. The titular Bishop of | 1ara that th gating the lianos are absolutely devoid of ‘water, and cattle must be driven in- humerable kilometers to find a spring where they may drink. In fact, the Orinoco and the Apure may be said to be the streams of the name left in Everyw] rofessional | these Lisbon EHHM %ié%éag i