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EMPLOYERS SEE DUTY IN EMPLOYING MEN Wheels of Industry Must Be Kept Turn- : ing— Comparison With Past Times of Depression. @ontinued From PFirst Page.) industry has a definite responsibility; that part of the regular job of owner- 0 5 I practicabie, to Feep & regular a cable, eep & force regularly employed. It is a new idea in industry, one that | Pl has gained ground only in the last few years. It is an idea that, so far as most of those who now have it are con- cerned, was born after the business slump of 1921. It is an idea that was nurtured, given practical meaning and brought to the attention of industrial leaders generally as an outgrowth of the President’s Conference on Unem- ployment, of which Herbert Hoover was chairman while Secretary of Commerce. In times of business distress it is easy to become hysterical. Almost every one is ready to believe that conditions never were so bad; that the country is bankrupt; that there is no recovery in sight, and that nothing can or is ing done to improve the situation. It seems, refore, worth while to point out at least one important differ- ence between present conditions and those of previous depressions. It is & difference that will go a long way to- ward laying a foundation for recovery and an increasing prosperity. ‘What is that difference? It is essentially the difference in viewpoint suggested in the preceding paragraphs. Situation Met in Same Way. ‘When “bad times” came in 1893, 1907 and 1920 just about 100 employers out of 100 met the situation in the same .. That way—to take a specific t & notice Wednesday letin board, reading: “Due to reduced orders, the South works will close down Saturday night. All tools should removed then. ‘Wages in the North works will be re- duced 20 per cent, effective Monday next, both hourly rate and piecework.” And the South works did close do';x: them, y tory in the city had followed the same course. x:’en with familles and single men; of there was sickness, and food, fuel nor medicine. help 1 t | diffeulty, duced for the time being because of shorter hours. rmore, the company is gl individual cases of financ either by increasing working time, suspending payments under the stock ownership or home acquirement lans, or for extension of credit for fuel, rent and food purchased through company stores. The help is extended on a business basis; it is not one of charity. Men Not Replaced. In Cleveland an automobile company has more than 3,300 employed, as com- pared with 3,500 a year ago. When men q':n voluntarily, died or were in- capacitated they were not ed. But Vorkers. The fadior 1s operatisg on workers. e fac opera on a five and one-half day basis weekly and the work is prorated among the men. In Philadelphia is a firm which seven years ago put into execution definite plans to curb unemplolyment when the seemingly inevitable slack in business should come. The company manufac- tures electrical measuring instruments and pyrometers. The owners declared as a principle to be followed that “the maintenance of steady employment is. a responsibility of industrial manage- ment.” They gave those words definite meaning by setting up in times of pros- perity substantial financial reserves unemployment. They decided, in effect, Ahat such reserves were just as necessary and just as much a part of the cost of doing business, to be cal- culated in fixing prices, as the cost of insurance, either fire or lability. They not only accumulated an unem- ployment reserve fund, solely out of the earnings of the company, by putting in an irrevocable trust 2 per cent of the firm's maximum pay roll, but they adopted methods to avoid the necessity of using the fund. Instead of holdm$ fast in good times to a work day of certain length, they varied the hours of work, making them longer (and pay- boom! them from the pay roll when busin declined. ‘When business did fall off the com- a single ment “benefit” amounts of his ordinary wage. If he in the service of the company three months, he may receive the efit only three weeks. | [ and wholesale lots was poor ucy.xltnonlly. prosperity. In Pittsburgh an old and large steel | company is keeping 97 per cent of its | working force of a year THE SUNDAY STAR, WASHINGTO D. C, DECEMBER 28 1930—PART TWO. Where Is America Going? Gustav Lindenthal Says Country’s Engineering Resources Can Solve Problems if Big Men Lead Way. BY J. P. GLASS. VAST feservoir of engineering intelligence from which can be drawn scientific solu~ tions of most of the problems confronting the country is one of its most vital possessions as it faces the future, in the opinion of Gustav Lindenthal, the master builder of bridges, one of America’s greatest engineers. However, the noblest conceptions of engineering intelligence cannot be realized, says Mr. Linden- thal, unless they have the support of statesmen and other great men of affairs. Future advances, then, hinge upon leaders with the vision to utilize our priceless asset of technological efficiency for the public good, marshaling to the cause the whole army of ex- perts who already have made such tremendous contributions to modern living. Action cannot long be delayed, for civilization has developed complicated situations which soon must be clarified. This should mean, in the end, extensive construction projects which will contribute heavily to the approaching era of renewed prosperity. ‘To converse with Gustav Lindenthal is & golden privilege. This rugged genius, who designed the huge Manhattan, Queensboro and Hell Gate Bridges over the East River at New York, who aided in the construction of tunnels under both the East and North Rivers, and who has executed numerous other important engineering projects throughout the East and Middle West, is now in his eighty-first year, but, like youth, he looks forward, not backward. Every-Day Commuter. His great body shows the effects of age, but not his mind. Every day, no matter what the weather conditions may be, he commutes from his country estate, near Metuchen, N. J., to his office in Jersey City. Today he busies himself with another tremendous idea—the spanning of North River between Weehawken, N. J., and Fifty-seventh street, New York City, with & double-deck bridge which would provide space for 20 vehicular lanes and 12 railway tracks, thus giving the metropolis a greater outlet to the wide suburban spaces of New Jersey and at the same time entrance to Manhattan for all the rallways from the West that center in Jersey City. Upon landing in New York recently, Prof. Albert Einstein told newspaper men: “America already has given us that perfection of methods of production with which we are all of us becoming increasingly familiar, and now we have reached the point where we dare hope that it will find ways and means to overcome the existing economic crisis * * * that American genius may be able to devise a definite formula which will allow this world to establish a more lasting and satisfactory balance between manu- facturer and consumer than any that has existed %o far.” Almost simultaneously, Df. Robert A. Millikan, the American scientist, told a convention in New York City of life insurance presidents that the problem of “unbalanced productiory’ cannot long wait for a solution if the present form of soclety is to survive. Scientific planning against recessions in business must come, he said, either through leaders of industry or through the government. He preferred the former. Scientific planning obviously is the province of engineers. As one of these whose wisdom has been enriched by much more than half a century of experience in important achievement, begin- ning, as far as this country is concerned, as engineer for the Philadelphia Centennial of 1876, I songht an interview with Mr. Lindenthal. GUSTAV LINDENTHAL. “Can the engineering intelligence of our coun- try solve the problems confronting us?” I asked. “It can,” he replied, “but not by its own efforts. Primarily the role of the engineer is to perform engineering tasks set for him by the men of great affairs or the government. Ninety per cent of engineers today are on salary. Only & small per cent are consultants, whose skill is called upon as needed. “The engineer may percleve things that need to be done, and he may initiate plans for doing them; but he cannot act without the sympathetic understanding of the man of affairs or the statesman. Consequently further action depends upon the vision of those who possess leadership, and their ability to utilize the resources which engineering intelligence and knowledge provide.” I suggested that because of a steadily growing popular appreciation of possibilities for the common good in utilization of technical knowl- edge the time was drawing near when the engineering mind would be called to greater and greater tasks. Every large business existed today because it had, so to speak, made science its handmaiden, with the result that business and industrial leaders were looking more and more at the problems of production and distribution through the eyes of technological experts. Mil- lions of workers brought dally into contact with wellnigh miraculous mechanisms, perceived in sclentific formulas those wholly honest and IN LATIN AMERICA still on revolution successfully carried out in Guatemala only a few days ago brings up to six the number republics upset by political dis- By GASTON NERVAL. domestic restlessness can be in of Spanish-American to those countries in which logical qualities which in our complex civiliza- tion alone command trust and faith. Also, in every life, varied products of the age—the auto- mobile, the motion picture, the radio, the new refrigeration, devices for making the work of the housewife easier, even toys for children— awakened & new comprehension of greater possibilities ahead of us. “That is true,” said Mr. Lindenthal, “but i the end we come back to leadership. “1 will cite an instance. Knifing of Competition. “Years ago the railroads were in & bad plight. Conditions were critical, one of the reasons being that competitive lines were knifing each other by rebates to shippers, given in order to obtain traffic. “The &nnlnvmh system decided that 1t must solve its difficulties. It cast about for someone who could rescue it and selected the late Alexander J. Cassatt as the man. He was then in Europe. When he was asked to assume the task he said: “‘T don't want it “‘You've got to take it he was told. “‘All right’ he finally replied—4if what I sy goes. “In almost no time the difficulties were straightened out. Cassatt got his competitors to agree with him to stop rebates. The shippers had no recourse but to accept the situation. ‘Then the rallroads were free to go ahead with the thing that really mattered, constructive progress in “The Pennsylvania system then had no en- trance to New York City. Like all the other lines from the West terminating in Jersey Oity, it ferried its passengers and freight to Man- hattan Island. Cassatt's mind turned to means of connecting the Pennsylvania with the metropolis.” Mr. Lindenthal did not mention the part he played at this juncture. wever, the record lies elsewhere. He broduced’ his great idea of the double-decked bridge over North River at Fifty-seventh street. Cassatt was for it, but the other rallroads thought the scheme too grandiose. Construction costs ran into tremendous figures. ‘They would not join in backing the project. Cassatt was not to be stopped. He went on alone. The tunnel through which the Pennsyl- vania today penetrates to the heart of Manhattan ‘was the result. “Cassatt needed vast sums to build the tunnel,” went on Mr. Lindenthal. “Another man would have been daunted, but he went ahead and got the money. The extension followed.” “But wasn't he an engineer?” I asked. “Yes,” sald Mr. Lindenthal, “but it wasn't the engineer that achieved these things. It was the man with a genius for great projects, the man with a gift of leadership, who carried them through.” Mr. Lindenthal gave me one other thought as I left. It is that we of today most realise that there is something more important than luxuri- ous living. It is proper to live well, but no civilization can exist which makes luxury an ideal. There are too many problems to be solved that are closely related to the common welfare. People need not treat themselves in miserly fashion, but they must practice thrift and habits of saving. “Else,” he asked, “where are we to get the capital for the great changes and improvements which modern conditions make pressingly essential.” (Copyright, 1930.) MAN NEVER RISES ABOVE WORK, DECLARES SLOAN Would Have Youth and One of Taught This Lesson Honesty as Well, He Says. O ' __(Continued From First ). wearisome manner, but by ingenious methods. We advertise lawn mowers and motor cars with great skill, but honor and truth are still advertised in the ancient way with long sermons, sol- itary confinement and the whip. It is neither skillful nor attractive. Should Work and Enjoy Tasks. that the young work and to enjoy their tasks, I do not care how rich their parents may be, the world is either gof by them. they learn to work. The obligation to do something worth while is on every human being, rich and poor alike. “Sons of rich men come to me ex- ?:mnc that the reputation of the! ithers will give them a pull. They are not for ‘They “The next thi should learn is to t cannot be unless looking hard work. want ease and & discipline relaxed to |2 fit their tastes and habits. We have no use for such young men. ‘“We cannot too early to con- S sig %»E?E‘?z TH problem. mcmwmmfinh}%c to be hglpedmor hindered | ;.. be | banners are nylnzh this spirit: Our chief alm is to give these young people good character. We will also give them what learning we can, but let us never torrt our main urpose. The first aim of this college to teach the love of honest work, for 1t is the foundation of a good character. A boy who will work can be led to a useful manhood. We will bear with his failures, but unless he can learn to work within a reasonable time he | must lcave us. Time-Honored Ideals Discredited. “We have come to an era when many time-honored things would seem to ve been more or less discredited. There are many who think that they can get l“bn'A wllhn\:: t.&."l‘en Com. man . _Apparently they get along very well. The public ume'o.: right and wrong swings back and forth, as the ages pass, like a moving pendulum. Sometimes, urged by an unexpected d m}'nerlo\u impulse, it goes alarm- ingly far from its center. But honor and virtue and good faith—the bone and sinew of morality—these do mnot change. They may seem to have been ut away for a time, but they come k to claim their own. Again their over the troubled caravan as it marches out of the valley of misfortune, wiser for its sorrows. mehu and friendly contact between | courtesy, llege president the mmhn be permeated by agement.’ Unemployment Aggravated by Child Labor in Addition to Social Was (Continued From Third Page.) run without child labor than ‘Our economic problem live on, but how to ce. The gainful labdr of children lunrmjmuflodonmnmmdloi mxmic necessity, cannot be so jus- legislation on child labor has been ¢ clared unconstitutional, Purther duction in the amount of child lab must therefore come either from Stat tion, from ved « laws enacted, from a° to the Constitution whicl will permit Federal legislation on th subject, or from some combination oi these methods. the pay roll—not full time, but never- they had been lost. g he heels E N e It is true that revolution is not the an in- America are only the systems has said: ous to the war we didn’t think it wrong | to hire 5,000 or 6,000 new men in the | Summer for track work, such as putting | in rails and ties, get it done as quickly | a8 possible, and lay the men off. We | had always followed that plan, at least a large degree.” g E / B £ g £l EE many others thrown into idleness, It is but a single instance of the wlcuclli Tesult of the new viewpolnt of industrial | leaders. | Of course, there is unemployment; of | course, there have been some reduc- tiops in wages and salaries; there are instances of human suffering and dis- | tress because of lack of work. never before, in my judgment and in the judgment of others who have made detailed observation and study, has the effect of business depression been so minimized in its production of hard- ship to human beings. The very fact that so much is being done now to pre- vent and alleviate that which occurred in J)r!vtouu business depressions has tended to create the impression that conditions are wors: than ever before, ‘whereas the very reverse is true. Never before has there been such effective, soientific and widespread organization to prevent and relieve distress from unemployment. Steel Industry Example. ‘Take the steel industry, for ex-.mgl:‘, “The largest factor in that industry annwinced definitely that there will be no m fe "lnr offs”; that if production 1s - dece o work will be prorated amoug_employes. At the very beginning of the d - slon the head of another big nnmuon stated that there would be no in wage rates, thereby protect- ing the workers' financial status when operations are resumed on a full-time hereafter. That announcement not been withdrawn, even under the stress of greatly reduced business. ”: rates have not been reduced. 3 lt.:ho vflncil 'oprlant of ny the Tol o Y'80 per cent intact. AgEER. L it work now is not on a But neither is there nnemployment in that fac- wn on & “full-time” basis. Men a definite number of days 12784 5'%552 11 i H 1L But | an steel or- | muc alread guarant has | ber of its employes 50 weeks of work 1,900 | to a stabilization fund. believe an unemployment nates the waste of breaki of lack of work, ' a dismissel bonus of two weeks' wages. Men are kept on as long as any work can ¢ found for them; the speed machines is decreased to lower the rate lengthen ing force. amount of co-operation furnished by one's employes can be very much more costly than the application of stabiliza- tion ‘measures.” From Ohio come reports of a big tire factory, which, after dist thousands of men in what it be called “the old-fashioned way,” decided | that that method was neither good busi- | ness nor good morals, and restored the men to the payroll on a part-time ro- | tated service basis. Now the factory | announces that on January 5 all em-| ployes now in its shops w\lls back to | eight-hour shift, five-day-a-weel | basis, with the likelihood of employ- ment for 500 or 600 more men soon.| And this company, like many others, is giving first consideration, both in fur- loughs and reinstatements, to the needs of the married men with families. A big automobile cofpany in Indiana is carrying out a large program of plant rehabilitation instead of laying off hun- dreds of its men. They are being used to raze old buildings no longer needed, to lay new roads within the grounds of the plant, to paint walls and to over- haul machinery. Coal and groceries | are being supplied on a loan basis to |men who will not be expected to repay until employment is again given. In New York the head of one of the Nation's greatest industrial organiza. tions, manufacturing electric apparatus of every kind, has put into immediate effect an employment stabilization plan year or two hence. Every one, from the ident down, who is working as as 50 per cent of full time, is contributing 1 per cent of his wage or | salary to the fund. Contribution Is Matched. ‘The company matches this contribu- | tion dollar for dollar, and makes “relief” | payments to furloughed employes or those who are in need. The company has teed to a larger num- in 1931, including paid vacation. To h:lP make this plan operative employes will contribute 1 per cent of their wages A soap company employing many thousands of workers has had in effect ployes of 48 wenka ¢ wart o ear 10 Pore bt auy wus . N {of industries are not alone in fulfilling | the | .nd responsibility of capable business originally announced for insuguration a | ing thoee . theless employed and receiving ht multiply these examples . X of the of political changes in Brasil, Argentina, Peru, Bolivia and the Dominican Re- public, the Guatemalan “coup d'etat” adds & new chapter w that record- breaking series of internal which is going to make 1930 as an out~ standing year in the history of Latin America. roods | ,, Although differing in thelr origins, in their is getting scores of encou of Eehe kind I have cited, and the obligation to labor. Labor, through its own organizations, the local and in-| ternational unions, is helping to mini-| mize the effect of slack business by pay- ing unemployment benefits from funds | usly accumulated or now being .| associate this “front page news” - | undisciplined Latin America, ideals and their achievements from the bloody and selfishly fought, fruitless revolt which for many dec: had been typical of the Latin American countries, these revolutions have left a rather erroneous impression upon the majority of public opinion in this coun- try. Unacquainted with conditions in the Southern republics and with the differing characteristics of each one of those changes, people here have been misled by sensational cable mfl".fi the idea of a backward, turbulent :l;: a8 appears often pictured in the novels or romantic films of imaginative fiction ‘writers. ‘To the average n r reader in this country, the recent political up- sets on the other side of the Rio Grande ~ | seem merely the continuance of a I leadership is to assure steady, con-! tinued employment or income for labor | year after year. What many industries have done to stabilize employment many others can and will do. And while the heads of industry are bending every enurTy during the next few months to fulfill their obligation to those whose labor ultimately will be needed for the t measure of pros- perity, we s be meking certain ess toward another goal. That goal is the control of industrial booms, with the inevitable collapse and unem- ployment. There is more than mere hope in this statement. Serious study by able men is being given to this most important of all our economic problems. It is the big problem on which Col. Woods also is concentrating in the hope of finding a permanent cure for unemployment. And many others are thinking ebout it ‘who never before gave it any considera- tion. Jncqu;s Inaudi, Noted Calculator, Quits Stage - Jacques Insudl, “the biggest calcula- tor in the world,” as the Americans themselves called him when he toured North America, is tired of demonstrat- to astonished audiences his stu- amo! leaving the house accounts to Mme. Inaudi and letting his memory rest from the incredible strain forced on it. Inaudi’s work involved plain memory; he worded all his mental operations and worked on memory of the sounds. Still he had no visual mem- the suppleness of his brain and mkr".mlm?t his memory. He now ~shnals and showing the Youn( boys tval *sun” of reckoning, telling them how he started on his famous weeks, the cmployes receive full pay, nevertheless, and the expense is charged to l?ll of p;oducuon—wilhout. however, 5o far as I know, mnnn{ any com- blic as to the price the plan has mot career when 8 years~old, he calculated in the twinkle of an eye the day's profits of the fairs that about his native province, all for the sum of one traditional series of domestic uphe: having no other motives that personal ambitions or the gratification of a rest- less spirit of ecivil disobedience which is supposed to be characteristic of Latin temperament. Since the first shot was fired in the first one of these uprisings, we have been to interpret In this column the real significance of such widespread political uneasiness. We have dealt with them, one by one, as they broke out, explaining the reasons, the circum- stances, the personalities behind them trying to get our readers awa> —-om the impression that they w-e & mere repetition of meanrin_-ess, passionate, capricious domzstic quarrels. Dictator’s Day Is Done. We hava explained how this internal disquiet throughout the Southern con- tinent is but the logical result of po- litical, psychological and economic fac- tors, far more important than they ap- pear to be in the headlines of heated news stories. ummarizing, we have stressed that, politically, they may be characterized as the awakening of popular feeling against dictatorial regimes, the reaction of public sentiment against the “strong- man” policy, which impelled cer- tain Latin American executives to fol- low the example of Mussolini and Primo de Rivera in Latin Europe, to the detri- ment of indfvidual liberties. The South American presidents recently thrown had decided to keep or their political friends indefinitely in power, belleving, sincerely or not, t the wellbeing of their nations was de- pendent upon the continuance of a strong, energetic, but self-imposed regime. At first, public opinion seemed to favor dictatorial trend-—perhaps because it was in fashion in old and experienced Europe—but later on, when the uunm mm realized that the ward .mm:n{h government became popular em. The consequence of such change of opinion, intensified for seven years a guaranty to its em-| dreams of going round the primary |by the mistakes and abuses on the part of the “iron-handed” regimes in Latin America, can be observed in this gen- eral reaction against the men who thought themselves to be the “chosen of Providence” to rule their peoples. Politically speaking, then, far from darkening the Dem tic, Lakin” Amherics, s abmost manimous themselves | ryle, disorders | of as & political disease. Sometimes, how- ever, 1t is rather a cure than a disease. It is a surgical operation to eliminate s | the excesses of an uncontrolled misuse of power. Hard Times—Hard Politics. Important as they are, political fac- tors alone have not produced this situa- tion. The latest crisis in Guatemala gives only new assurance to the impres- sion, already advanced here, that there are lu‘tmg economic issues behind it. As we exports; when the disastrous conditions of the government’s finances could no longer be hidden by the dictator Leguia in Peru; when an cultural and banking depression developed in Argenv tina; when the coffee crisis began to affect the whole financial m of Brazil, economic difficulties and political dissatisfaction, closely associated, made actual revolution unavoidable. In Cuba the government's position is now being greatly by the sugar crisis, and all menaces of rebel- lic. are connected with this serious r6conomic factor. 1In Ecuador and Panama hard times are reflecting them- selves in political uneasiness. And the last case, that of Guatemala, is not devoid, either, of economic complica- tions. ' The coffee crisis and a general business depression throughout the country have contributed to weaken the old regime’s position and to make more welcome the advent of a new one. On the other hand, in Venezuela, where financial canditions seem to be in good shape, and the oil revenues have permitted the government to cancel recently the entire forelgn debt, the Gomez regime stands solidly, and there is no indication that the s man Wwho has been at Venezuela's h for the last 22 years will be disturbed or expelled from his voluntary retreat in Maracay. Economic principles and economic elements seem to be in this century the real makers of political conditions. And Latin America is no exception to the Fin: llyl ceessi ally, in these }:thllmmsenunm its, we k‘n“ave lh'z en| ed & lcal factor. tible are the masses in Latin America to intellectual contagious influence. In fact, they are so everywhere, but espe- clally in Spanish America, where their Latin temperament keeps them still d this easily amenable to the suggestions of a few outstanding I We have compared this revolutionary unrest in mmm with the psychological phenomenon which we often observe wherever a suicide takes place. A suicide is never always followed two or three if not expressly :n’und. at least R EY = ‘more, psychological this an isolated case in a community, it is| di Doll\‘.luldr?cnonot If these revolutions, then, are but the logical result of well defined It economic and psychologl ments, Why should the year which comes week to an end be considered as the e LT aREs ries and s lor persona selfish pm.? Why should the Latin Ame¢ of today, convulsed widespread itical unrest, which may be the awakening of true democratic un whole situation, a well known lecturer and authoress recently made certain statements during a broad dress in New York whi known by every one int American affairs, Mrs. M. A. Bence, who has turned from 18, Latin continent, said, referring to the latest political turmoils in several of those countries: “During the past week South America has been ‘front-page news,’ and when you read the streamer headlines on re- ports of political changes and disturb- ances in so many of the countries, may appear to you here in the north, unacquainted with these lands and their peoples, that these revolutions spell ruin and financial and economic disaster. But no one who knows the real South America can make this mis- take. TFor no revolts, no revolutions, no political uprisings of any kind can stay the great march of progress of these South American nations. “They are too advanced culturally and economically. They are too ideal- istic in their struggles for self-expres- sion. “Their desire for the betterment of existing conditions is too vital and driving a force to be impeded and frus- trated and ruined by changes in iti- cal leadership, or even serious inf dissension. These pains of young ; '{lh nations ving toward economic maturity.” Nineteen Thirty’s Record. If every one else would look at those events in the light of such an understanding judgment, & muoh better interpretation of Latin Anln:flcnn politics coulg“l: had there. same countries of Latin America wh itions were not abnormal from of productios . Eov&d; tv!nk.ltl.:.‘ch‘me g Peusgn'l‘ crucial period, the spread of delinquenc: 1t | th ey | Jowest such rate in course, the Of course, child labor cannot be re- of an eye. The Story the Week Has Told —_(Continued From Third Page) ended November 30 totaled $567,198,000 in value, against $886,772,000 for the of 1929. Nor did period m account for the differ- ence, as l’wnm;- and val ue fell by about 36 per cent. flaxseed were hardest hit. Argentine wheat crop is about 271,000,000 bushels, an annual average of about 243,000,000 for the preceding flve years. An ex- gorfilble surplus of about 200,000,000 ushels is estimated. Apparently the United States naval mission to Argentina is coming home after all. * ok ko a appropri- ating $116,000, iction work toward relief of un- employed and a bill appropriating $45,~ 000,000 for relief of farmers in the area smitten nu‘he severe drought. <It will recalled that on December 17 the Senate Committee on Foreign Relations decided, 10 to 9, not to re- the World Court protocol this ‘World_Court. On December 23 the Federal Reserve Board of New York reduced its redis- from it, from 2!, idea is to boost for emergency con- |of te | SoOvereign privileges w] had ‘The time is Dot far off when America educationa long been recognized. hazards of arduous work di ence, the high rate of indusf acci- dents among young workers, the limita- .tions of an education cut short at : ypes of child employ- the waste involved in untrainec , the political hazards of a: ignorant electorate—these are result of child labor which have been demon- strated time and again. addition to all these indictments, labor 1s a Torm of industrial suicide, th people will hasten, through educatior and legislation, to remove this menac' to prosperity and stable governmen: Nanixing Debating Term: With Foreign Cable Line: Inspection and supervision of all mes- sages, business, press and otherwise, by the Nanking government is one of thc terms being insisted upon by Nanking the submarine cables were Iaid by the foreign concerns and pflvluers were granted by the defunct Manchu government many years ago. Now that the contracts are due for revision by the end of this year, the N: gOV- ernment, on the grounds that the land- ing of cable lines on Chinese soil by foreigners was derogatory to China's rights, is mmth:’ recover ich it “eels Manchu dynasty hand. Not only is the government seek- ing censorship rights, but it also ask: for a greater share of revenue. It state: that it is now getting only um on the dollar, whereas the telegraph administration grants China gold franc, or 20 cents, a word. Th outstanding problem of the negotia- tions, which have been on f months, is China's ability to re- pay millions of daollars she has had ad- vanced to her from the foreign companies. Inventor of Post Card Honored by Vienn: One of the facts of life not ored by the Viennese,