Evening Star Newspaper, October 26, 1930, Page 36

5 SENATOR IN DENIAL THERE’S FARM REVOLT Agriculturists Realize President Must Be Unhampered in Efforts to End Depression. (Continued find some other to] of_their undoub oratorical But right now wheat holds the cen- ter of s at every al Na woud couls ce of wheat advance substantially. ny of them, desirous of the emolu- ments of office, are almost praying aloud for wheat to “stay down.” This prayer is founded on two as- sumptions—both false, in my estima- . One is that the farmer's vote is determined solely by the condition of his pocketbook. The other is that the farmer is largely, if not entirely, igno- rant of what is going on in the world outside his own sphere of activity. Many & politiclan has made, and in this year will make, the mistake regarding the farmer as a ‘“yokel.” Democratic politicians pri- concede that no greater calamity Because a man's hands are stained | from contact with the soil they assume that by shouting long and loudly that the Republican party is ®esponsible for grasshoppers, the drought, the Mediter- ranean fruit fly, the corn borer and 60- cent wheat, they can make Democratic votes in great number. ‘The last assumption may be correct. but I doubt it. I know that the first tage Democratic in the great grain bin of the befall them than to have the From First Page.) to be sure, They believe that specula- o for the exercise powers. tion—gambling, they call, it—on the stock market, on the grain and produce exchanges, Mnr disaster to the pro- ducer. They will expect the new Con- gress to curb that evil. ‘They are convinced that the nt system of taxation, which lays a burden on the farmer and in many States exe empts the manufacturer, is fatally de- fective 80 far as the interests of Irl- culture are concerned. But they realize that this is & problem which must be solved mainly by the States, not by the Federal Government. They are burdened by excessive transportation costs on their products. But they give credit to President Hoo- ver for his leadership in developing & system of inland waterways that should ‘esult in benefit to agriculture. ‘They are not satisfied with a system of distribution of farm products that gives the grower one-tenth or one- twentieth of tke price paid by the con- sumer in the cities. But they realize that this s a problem that cannot be solved in a year, flve years or ten. They have the absolute assurance that the Federal Farm Board, created under the Hoover administration. is taking practical, effective steps to reduce the spread between producer and consumer, in the interests of both. They know that the steps must be ones worth tak- assumption—as to the farmer's igno-}ing, because of the cries of anguish rance—is utterly, completely and en- tirely wrong. Throughout the country there is no better informed, more in- telligent class than the farmers. The developments of the last 20 years have brought increased knowledge into rural districts. There are better schools in farm sections than ever before; rural mail delivery brings newspapers and into every farm home; the the “serious” radio features find most favor; the jazs programs least atten- tion. Better roads and low-priced auto- mobiles have enabled the farmer to travel near and far. He has learned as he has traveled and associated with other farmers and with the people of the citles. He has learned what the agricultural colleges, farm iment ments of agriculture ve L] impart. Reasons As Others. Basically, the farmer is no different fn his political reasoning from other eclasses of men and women. If he can improve his economic_condition by in his afliati make the change. But first he to be shown. And the fact that he is not |: i it o 4 a,’% war; they know for war with “deflations” blood and the limbs Conservative Force. is that farmers, as a class, t conservative force of the d rebellion are bred and : revolutions come only the rural population is reduced to status of peasantry. The farmers are as far from peasantry are from the shores of the It is their conservatism g8R% | ; | ; which demands enforce- the law; which approves and commendation of officials who up- law and order. farmers have their grievances, S5 bankruptey strength to our form of ' advanced, ; which holds fast to the | Herbert Hoover, backed by a Repub- from some of the “go-betweens” in- the grain gamblers who make & lving from buying and selling littie pink slips of paper that they call “op- tions” on wheat and corn and oats that never existed. Many Are Prosperous. And there are farmers who don't raise wheat or other crops now selling at no-profit prices—several million farmers, in fact—who have derived real benefit from the activities of the Fed- eral Farm Board. They are receiving & substantial share of the total farm in- come of $12,000,000,000, and are mak- ing & cash profit from their labor. Many of them are connected with the farmer-owned, farmer-managed co-0p- erative associations aided financially by the Farm Board's fund. There are men and women raising tobacco, apples, cit- rus fruits, live stock, poultry and & eat number of other products of the grm who have felt the benefit of laws enacted under the Hoover administra- tion. ‘There are millions of farmers not sat- isfied under present conditions who re- alise, nevertheless, that their situation is mu%flonbl- to that of the peo- ple of other lands. In Cuba the sugar oducer is in dire straits; in Brazil gl coffee grcwer has been reduced to in Canada agricultural conditions are such that farmers are giving up their land to go to the United States. All these things the farmer knows understands. and . Something else, also, is likely to keep the votes of the farmers in the Re) lican column in 1930. That somethin; else is & deep, steadfast, well pl confidence in Herbert Hoover. In "o, ‘wnd s desive and courage to do right, and a to deal justly. They approved Hoover's selections for the Farm Board—and cluding represe the grain spect lators and the United States Chamber There is something courageous and about Mr. Hoover, in the forgotten them; that agris important, in his estimation, as indus- try. The have confidence in the desire of the President to afford them what they denominate a “square deal.” They do not expect the Govern- ment to guarantee them a profit; but they do want the guarantee, and they feel they have it, of the same consid- eration afforded the demands of in- " Effect of Factions. ‘The farmers have had the experience, of the disruptive and destructive effect of factions. They know that the head of a farm tive association can't manage its affairs with benefit to the grower members if the directors are aga‘nst the executive. And, that experience in mind, it is that the farmers will vote into office this Fall a Democratic Congress to :n— and hamper a Republican Presi- mt. In millions of farm homes, as this is written, men and women who have tolled hard all day long are sitting Somaldeting the pollice] mpetenes that cons g es are hmzllt throughout the Natlon. Other millions are being reached with political promises and on thi newspapers, maga- zines and the personally spoken word. To no class is the 1930 election more important than to the farmers of America. It is a class on which is bot- tomed all our hopes of renewed and sustained prosperity. It is a class whose Interests must be fostered and promoted gu-ummrulmmuuvamce its standards of living. To my mind, the interests of those engaged in agri- culture are safest, most likely to be under the leadership of lican Congress. And that opinion, T believe, will be the verdict also of the majority of farm ;4;1;0 who go to the polls November 4, Europe Leads U. S. in Pl;iso;n i{eforms, Penologist Finds in Tour Abroad PARIS —Although pleased with the ideas The Witzwill prison in Bwitser- progress in prison administration and | 1and has served as a model for the the advanced methods used in handling En( and confirmed criminals, which has observed on his present tour of countries, Dr. Hastings H. Hart, American expert on prison re- form, nut_been United States during the the contrary, he declared, le movement, ._On had been s au;lonrlw':clum. Dr. Hart s consultant in delin- held this summer at Prague. At/ same time he was charged by the 1t to investigate the progress ‘being made in European countries. 36 Institutions Visited. Pive years ago he visited 47 Euro- and reforinatories. Dur- recent tour 36 ‘were studied. Dr. Hart years in work of has planning and management. “QGreat Britain leads “Some 30 mfll sald on his departure for New ;:l that comparable improvements | crowd prisons a: | ing conditions. These conditions de- | Thus a | cases, when only a handful of men | """z fitty this kind | and is the author of several books on Europe in im- prison administration,” said Dr. g have been | treatment of short-term prisoners.” “The backward tendency in the United States,” Dr. Hart continued, “is evidenced particularly in the cut- ting down of parole and probation and the enforcement of new laws, such as the Baumes law, which tends to over- d to produce bad liv- stroy the hope of the inmates, which is the great stimulus to good conduct. ntment arises among the criminals And prison personnel, inade- uately ed, 15 unable to cope with e resulting situation.” Dr. Hart traced several recent prison riots to such sources; though he as- serted the extent of these out- breaks has been exaggerated in certain instead of hundreds took part. On the other hand, he added, public sentiment had been roused to such a degree by these revcits thet now it is becoming possible to obtain reforms which will prevent a re-urrence of institutions | them and at the same time make the | single remedy for hundreds of types criminal a better man. Training for Wardens Urged. Dr. Hart advocates the thorough training of men, from warden to guar- dian, who are destined to be in charge of criminals. Progress in this direc- tion is being made aiready, as in Eng- land and France. An extension of the T SUNDAY DLAR, MARTYRS was once my a new religion. The founder was John Alex- who first ap- pesred in the Chicago news- Ts as an obscure exhorter with a talent for strong lan- flxlge. Thoush he went through suburbs holding outdoor meetings, he attracted little attention until one night a hoodlum hit him in the eye with a rotten ander Dowle, pa) the city an comparatively el tional denouncer he incipient martyr—: verts flocked to his banner, ) Christian Marriage Bureau Opens in Japan A marriage bureau has been organ- ized by Mr and Mrs. Katsusaburo Mat- sul, members of the Japan Methodist OChurch, for the purpose of bringing to- gether Christian men and women who might otherwise be obliged to marry according to family custom, but against their own wishes, cling to the Already 11 applications have been re- celv 'rom persons who are looking for husbands or wives. The organization, called the Zuiho-kal, i supported by 46 prominent Christian leaders in Tokio and elsewhere. No fees are charged, the work of the enterprise being re- garded as true missionary endeavor. A number of pastors in the capital are »«finfln[ 80 that the costs of waintaining the bureau are low. While there are about 200,000 Christians in Japan, Mr. Matsui sald, this number is small in comparison with those who ddhist or Shinto faith. He thinks, therefore, that eve: rble m:ltd be dt:ne to make it eas- ler for 1ans to marry those who belleve as they do. e — Bull’s Valor Rewarded By Model of Human Ear It has been the custom ‘at bull fights to cut off one or both ears of the bull and present them-to the torero who kills it on occasion when the bull fighter has showed more than ordinary skill and valor.es But members of & club of bull fight fans in Valencia came to the conclu- sion recently that it was not quite fair that while a valorous bull received such bull sald these fans. Clearly, there were certain objections to this plan—bull fighters are notori- ously vain—but a solution was found by purchasing a silver model of a human ear, which was presented solemnly to| the owner of the bull which put up the best fight during the Valencia fair week. ‘The inscription under the ear reads: “Sflver ear for the bravest bull of the Valencia fair. Won by the bull C! 1 No. 29 of the ranch of the Mai Guadalest.” LIVER Madrid, Spatn, Sept. 4. Cable Zcross Harbor Will Carry Passengers izo uis de An aerial cable transporter to urryl‘ passengers across the harbor is the latest move in Barcelona’s campaign to be- come one of the most modern cities of Europe. In this way the popular bath- ing beach, known as San Sebastian, after the Basque resost, will be brought within three minutes’ ride of the city. :t present the journey takes half an| our, | ‘The cable will run from a station on | the Montjuich Mountain, wWhich over- looks the city, to a central tower near the docks, and then continue across the port at a height of 200 feet in order | to avold possible interference with shipping. The terminal station at the! bathing beach will be in a tower 200 feet in height. The central station will be at the top of a tower 380 feet high. “his tower will contain a restaurant and | attractions. The scheme is estim: to cost $400,000, and it is hoped to finish the work this Autumn. Area in Berlin Suburbs Lighted Only by Lamps Five hundred yards outside the boundaries of greater Berlin, just out- side Lichterfelde, lies Osdorf, the one Berlin, a settlement which is lighted only by lamps. There are about 500 souls at Osdorf, yet there is no other light to help doctors see their patients when called urgently at night or the veterinarian when he has to attend a sick cow than the medieval smoky little lamps. And this is the land of science and electricity! dling them as a mass, also are advo- eated. ‘Everybody knows that the doctor with a general cure-all is a quack,” Dr Hart said, “and the same holds true of the person who boasts of the same iminals. Knowledg tendencies is of vast e, in L is to be abolished, and for this reason the study and treat- ment of juvenile felons should be em- phasized, he believed. Dr. Hart expects examinations and psy- of cr 5 < e of the origin of criminal importanc: his comba crime, now Srodta's et of praceionl epAicarion. 13 a n. m.y Ideas mm:::. prison adminis- and treatment of are IT rivilege to witness the establishment of 8. At once he assumed a new character and importance. In- stead of being merelg a sensa- ecame an prophet persecuted for his faith. Con- 'ho felt. Every film with a Latin American | the ated RIWays on the wrong side, plans the low- and only farm belonging to the city of | still | Panother couple of loyal American citi- . | provoked the protests of the Cuban| WADH1INULUN, money poured in, he founded his own city, and finally pro- claimed himself the reincarna- tion of Elijah. He had undoubted talent, but it was the stupidity of his op- nents which persecuted him nto success. The fiery old doctor, with his Flcturesque white whiskers, has long since passed across the river, but I think about him whenever the newspapers begin to talk about the danger of “Red Riots” and the police break up a harmless mass meeting with their clubs. England, older and wiser than we in man{ respects, manages these things much IN LATIN D G, —BY BRUCE BARTON (Copyright, 1930.) L4 better. She knows that an agitator is harmless unless you try to sugpress him. Only then does he become a menace. She sets aside one end of Hyde Park for the exclusive use of the agitators. There, every afternoon, and especially on Sundays, they meet and shoot off their faces against the gov- ernment, the church, and whatever else they dislike. One of the wisest things President Hcover has done was to release the foolish young men and women who were ar- rested for picketing the White House. He said that he did not propose to let any silly folks achieve ‘“cheap martyr- AMERICA By GASTON NERVAL. AN OLD AMERICAN CUSTOM. Cuban Charge d'Affaires made | representations to the State De-| partment last week, asking Gov- | rnment officials to take the necessary steps to have all refer-| ences to Cuba stricken from the film “Her Man,” exhibiting at one of the local theaters and purporting to be a| dramatic picture of the Cuban capital’s underworld. According to newspaper reports, the| Cuban diplomat stated that this “dis-| torted version” of life, a well as scen-| ery, in Havana should not be allowed to| continue its delusion of the American public. It was about time that an official voice should be raised »n this matter. For many long years American moving pictures have gone on discrediting and ridiculing things Latin American with uous persistence. In their insati- able desire to give the movie fan some- thing new, something different, film pro- ducers have let their imaginations run wild in up most fanciful scenes about the life and the people of Latin-| American countries, with a contempt for truthfulness and reality which can| only be attributed to lamentable ignor- ance—ignorance of Latin American conditions and ignorance of the harm they are doing, which is even more re- grettable. And I say ignorance, for I must reject the idea that there is any-| thing maliciously intentional in the sit-| uation, although this charge has been made often in the Southern continent. Especially during the past months, since the ris of the talkies, this appar- | ent sbsohite ignorance of the Latin, countries has made itself particularly background reproduces the same erro- neous concepts, gives the same mislead- ing details and leaves the same mis-| taken impression on the public. Theyi all picture Latin-American cities as the old, ugly, ill-kempt towns they used to be 100 years ago. Those narrow, twisted streets of colonial days still are typical of every Spa.ish-American film of 1930. And so are the primitive roads and the one-story houses of historical tradition. | Material progress seems to have been| banned from the Southern countries. In the average moving picture exhibited | here which purports to depict present- | day scenes in a Latin American nation tourists have to travel in old-fashioned diligences, live in uncomfortable “pen- siones,” where they are subjected to the bad temper and capricious sense of humor of the legendary Latin bandit, and go through in general an endless series of uncomfortable situations and| adventures which may add to the dra- matic value of the film but Pvn s very| poor and unfair picture of the real| living conditions in a modern Southern country. The Latin America of the film direc- tor is still in the sixtles or the eighties. DISCUSSES THE BAD MAN. Unfair as it is, this misrepresenta- tion of the Latin life on its material side is not even half as injurious as distorted characterization of the Latin temperament and peychology in guehmm:‘ ‘The rcu-or'ne'xil may gnl(‘xe e physical progress e people liv- ing in these countries, but the latter injures them morally. Usually the Latin-American person-| age in an American-made film is the “bad man” of the picture. To him| belong the comic mustaches and the | tricky ways of the “villain.” He is est of schemes, and is a slave of pas- slons and worldly appetites. He laughs at moral principles and sheers sarcas-| tically at good actions. One thing is left to his credit—he i always a good | lover, but in the sense that he glm love before everything else. The| jpanish or Latin American “villain” of the moving pictures seems to have no other interests in life than women, liquor, cards and idleness, nor other| skill than shooting straight and running| faster. He comes near to being the personification of Mephistopheles. | | Naturally, this evil-minded, wicked| |human being is almost invariably| beaten, humiliated, and even spanked, by the American “hero” before the pic-| ture is over. One or two American tourists knock & dozen r more natives down with a touch of their finger tips; 2ens s e a whole regiment of frightened native policemen. Uncle Sam’s nephew has the best of it all the | time. IT DOES NOT PAY. Speaking of the current film which | embassy, a former American trade com- | missioner in Havana, O. R. Strackbein, told the chief of the Motion Picture Division of the Departmemt of Com-| merce that “the picture it presents of | one American sallor cowing whole men and brothel keepers defying Cuban law and Cuban police, is simply a con- firmation u;f the ever- m:t“ gun suspicion t we are a Naf ag- garts and bullies.” He added that the film “belittles Havana and the Cuban pe -le in virtually all of its scenes.” The Cuban Charge d'Affaires, speci- fying the objections on his to the film, said that no such 1d as in it exists in Havana. that depicted He charged that the nl:onhm groups of Cubans, of American gang-| by Aodes e oakan e | pcnas s Holght g tined to mislead the American public regarding Havana,” and that the fiim “ridiculed Havana police in the pres-| entation of various street scenes and brawls.” It is not difficult to understand the il effects of such an exhibition of un- fairness and ridicule of a race which occuples today the most promising re- gion of the earth. It is but natural that it should arouse resentment among the Latin Americans against the North Americans, and perticularly against their film industry. ‘That the American movie producers| had overlooked this result or that they| had minimized its importance is what remains beyond my comprehension. A single one of these films can spoil the laborious and intelligent achieve- ments of many ambassadors of good| will sent to the countries below the Rio| Grande. WANTED—A DIRECTOR. ‘Where is the far-sighted film director who is going to produce a Latin Ameri- can movie in which Lutin people appear | as they really are tocay, living in beau- tiful and modern cities, traveling by fast railroad trains, luxurious steamers and by airplanes, surrounded by all the material comforts of the twentieth cen- tury, following more or less modern European and American standards of living and customs, engaged in the same human and economic blems which occupy the attention of the peoples of other civilized regions of the world? Where is he hiding? Aside from the moral and even the political aspects of the question, it is not only in the interest of better rela- |Adams, tions between the Latin and the Saxon American peoples that something must be done abouts it. It is also interest of the American film industry | and of its own professional prestige that the ignorance and misrepresenta-| tions of things Latin American which| have been shown heretofore ought to be stopped. To the spectator who has been in the Latin countries and has had an oppor- tunity to know the Latins and ir modes of living this capricious distor- tion and mixing of Latin American characters with old-time colonial set- tings, with gue Spanish traditions, or| even with those of other foreign ele- ments, Italian, French, etc., leaves not only a feeling of injustice, but also & very poor idea of the cultural status of whoever directed the film or collabo- rated in its production. I cannot Relp but smile every time I see a supposedly “Mexican plantation owner” pictured in th» most classic attire of a Spanish toreador, or a Cen-| tral-American general in the “poncho”| and boots characteristic of an Argen- tine gaucho, or a beautiful “senorita™ dancing the typical Argentine tango with Spanish castanets and & huge gay Mexican sombrero! IN TAR AND FEATHERS. I happened to be with an Argentine diplomat one day when Rod La Roque, in a Fox moving picture, was showing what was supposed to be his “house in Buenos Aires"—a tiny, ramshackle “rancho,” with an old Spanish door and two small, dirty windows. | Amerjcan millionaire (Rod La Roque was personifying one) could not have found a better place than that in which to lve in Buenos Alres, the largest capital in Latin America, with 2,500,000 inhabitants, and a city which for its| material development and European | standards of living is the pride of| Spanish-speaking people, appeared not| only ridiculous but outrageous as well, at least to an Argentine. My friend| left the theater. I was not with a Brazilian citizen when I heard anotier actor, playing| the role of an American sailor coming back from South America, protesting that he had not been able to find clean | water and good soap in Rio de Janeiro, but I imagine that he would have left the theater, too. I know two Central-American boys who have sworn not to attend another movie because every time a su Latin American 'or Spanish girl ap- pears in a film she is the “gold digger,” the “vamp,” the adventuress, against whom the sympathies of the audience are turmmed. And when two of them appear in & scene it is because & nolsy squabble, in which face scratching and their French or Italian accents are mixed, is supposed to add to the comic element of the picture. Naturally, these things do not help a bit in winning the good will of the Latin Americans. There is at least one American actor who knows it. Some years ago William Desmond. if I am not mistaken, who used to play with much frequency roles of American “heroes” cowing dozens of Mexicans with his fists and knocking them down scores, went to see the races at Tia Juana, just across the Mexican border. After the last horse in the last race had crossed the line the well dressed movie idol was “taken for a ride” by two Mexican uths, beaten pitilessly, de- ived of his clothes, and finally ped down in the main street d feathe OCTOBER 26, 1930—PART TWO. dom” at the Government's ex- pense. A wise man of an earlier was a Pharisee named da; Olymlllel. When the first perse- cution of the Christians he protested. - gan “Refrain from these men and let them alone for if this counsel or this work be of men, it will come naught. be of God, ye cannot over- throw it, lest haply ye be found even to fight against God.” But if it If the Pharisees had taken his advice the new and strug- \gling little sect might conceiv- ably have passed out in scurity. with their “the blood of came the seed of the church.” But théy went on rsecutions and the mart; be- Three Young Men Run Dublin With Suecess Six years ago, in the early the Free State goveynment, the n- istration of Dublin was handed over to young men. The experiment was @& success and the crif of those who complained ment's plan was revolutionary and un- democratic were met by the hard facts that the three young men, while reduc- ing the city rates, give & much improved administration and showed cleaner and Under the old ‘were swept nigl swept and washed. city’s technical schools were improvements would fill a colufan, yet the rates fell by more than 20 per cent. This year the government dedx:d to restore the corporation of Dublin, with a difference. It will be and the members, though they may de- termine policy, must leave the executive | what the development of the past when they were directed against an outside government in London. Now the proper place for political debates is the Dall, and the corporation will be expected to attend strictly to business. Democratic principle has been boldly set aside by allotting some seats to busi- pess representatives, and there is a business franchise to give the best men & chance of election. Recent accessions to the Public Library and lists of recommended read- ing will appear ‘in this column every Sunday. American Biography. and Crowther, Samuel. Henry, E-Ed471. n as I Know Him. Ediso; McBride, M. M. The Story of Dwight ‘W. Morrow. E-M835m. Winkler, J. K. cent. E-MB8225w. Musie. Buck, P. C. The Scope of Music. 1927. VV-B85. Calvocoressi, M. How to Form It. 1925. VWE-C 18. Kinscella, H. G. Music and Romance for Youth. VWE-K625mu. Wilm, lMl‘l, G. G. A History of Music. Child Study. Jenkins, L. M. Comparative Study of of Ohil | Motor _Achievements IKI-J424. opment of the Pre-School Child. BIE-M 128. R. The Em- McDonough, Sister M. gl‘lrlc:l Study of Character. IKI- 14. Merrill-Palmer School, Detroit. Stand- ards of Physical and Mental Growth. IRP-MS55. O'Shea, M. V. Newer Ways With Chil- dren. BP-Osdn. Behaviorism. Raup, R. B. Complacency. 1925. BJ- R 196. Smith, Meredith. Education and the Integration of Behavior. 1%07. BJ- Sm66. Tegarden, J. B. H. Why Do We Do as We Do0? BJ-T24w. Watson, J. B, and McDougall, William. The Battle of Behaviorism. BJ- W33b. Electricity. Bishop, C. C. Alternating Currents for Technical Students. TEK-B54. Cross, H. H. U. Electric Testing Sim- plified. TFE-C88. Graham, F. D. Audel's New Electric Library. Seven volumes. TDZ-G76. Loeb, L. B. Fundamentals of Elec- tricity and Magnetism. TEA-L823. Magnusson, C. E. Direct Currents. TE-M27. Moir, J. M. Electricity and Mag- netism. TEA-M725. Zeleny, Anthony. Elements of Elec- tricity. TEA-Z35. International Relations. Barnes, H. E. World Politics in Mod- em_Civilization. JU-B26w. Blakeslee, G. H. The Pacific JXAR-B583. Brierly, J. L. The Law of Nations. 1928. JXAR-BT6. European War. Berndorfl, H. R. Espionage! F30798- BASS.E. Churchill, W. L. S. The Aftermath. F30798-C479. Clemenceau, G. B. Grandeur and Mis- F3079-C59.E. Hills, R. W. tions. F30798-H557s. King, D. W. L. M. 8046: The War Diary of a Legionnaire. F30797- . Kb8. Lohrke, E. W., ed. Armageddon: The World War in Literature. F3079- T. C. It Might Have Been F30792-L84. July, '14. F30701- of iticisms that the govern- tly; now 24 miles are The ils ginfirl;; clearly as did the early doubled. To give a list of the mAl:y 'Question Is Morgan the uu'nm-! | there | tremely small | seems to have been carried by a wind . D. Musical Taste and the | deals with rogreast .| of international law, has admitted the | 18 bound to be carri | whatever difficulties. | an undertaking which, once estab- | lished, even in part, will not be easy | to move. | excluded woman | self-same NEW LIGHT IS THROWN UPON PANAMA CANAL Story of Darien and Effort to Colonize Isthmus is Fully Revealed by War Department Investigation. (Continued From Third Page.) great oceans, as visualized by the early explorers, remained dormant—with one exception. That exception was the dis- astrous Darien scheme of Paterson. While this was not a movement for the construction of a canal, but a plan to establish a colony of Scotsmen in the Darien region, had it been successful the British government almost inevi- tably would have interested itself in building a canal, and probably would have done so long before the United started cutting through the ‘Work Begun in 1880. Though the Spanish government in the days of Phillp II refused to take up construction of the canal, oV~ ernment of that nation in 1771 did be- come interested. for a canal at Tehuante] at Nicaragua. Through the nineteenth century interest in the canal grew. The discovery of gold in California and the resulting rush of Americans from the East to the West Coast, many of them via the Isthmus, gave chief impetus to the idea. The Panama was built between 1850 and 1855. at the urging of De Lesseps, the French company was formed and construction of the canal at Panama was begun in 1880. Partly through the ravages of disease, partly through bad manage- ment and failure to comprehend the magnitude of the project, the attempt was a faliure even more colossal than the failure of the Darien colony which Paterson had sought to establish nearly two centuries earlier. B L e e of i during the Roosavelt administral and ending in It ordered a survey and later velt was the target of bitter criticism and endless fault finding for what he did to further the canal project. That era of criticism has long passed by. The canal with each pnzfnx year 1s more and more justifying itself. Be- fore many years its capacity probably will have been reached and another canal will be constructed via the Nica- mfl route, but the Panama waterway stand out through all history as the greatest monument to the President whose vision and courage and energy made it a reality instead of a dream. Willlam Paterson, who the movement for the Scotch colony at Darleny saw the possibilities of the Isthmus more clearly than most men of his time. He understood them quite as plorers and conquerors, and far more clearly than most of his own country- men. He believed that control of Isthmus would make the British na- tion the greatest power in the world, expressed view on various oc- casions. On the other hand, the men who had pushed the East India Co. to a_high point of success iated len and the establ routes in that region would mean. For that reason they treated the Darlen company which Paterson had organized as a competitor and looked on the men back of it as enemies of the East India Co.s prejects in the fabulously rich areas of the Orient. succeeded in directing the fll will of the British ent against the Darien com- pany, and this was one of the chief reasons for its failure. Paterson Visioned Great Colony. ‘The son of a Scotch farmer, Paterson was born in Dumfriesshire in 1658, about the time when Cromwell was at the height of his power. He went to the West Indies in his y and somehow gained a wide knowledge of trade and other conditions in the Carribean on. A man of e: - nary ability and imaginative power, he foresaw that a great Scotch colony on Spanish ex- | the Isthmus would not ote trade with the West Indian and Carri- bean regions, but would make England the world's dominant commercial power. Pat believed that the founding of a great colony on the Isth- mus the vast power of Spain would be humbled and other rivals of the Brit- ish nation would be held in check. Such a settlement, he declared, would vide “the key to the commerce of e world” and give Britain military dominance as well. It would be a boon to trade not alone with the West Indies but with China, Japan and the East Indies. With his genius for organization, Paterson induced the thrifty Scotch le to raise what would now be mil- ions of dollars for the colony. The first expedition, of five vessels and about 1,200 people, set out In 1698 “amidst the tears and prayer and praise of relatives ~and friends and country- men.” At first the venture gave prom- ise of success, but the jealousy of the East India Co. and the consequent hos- tility of the government, the attacks of the Spaniards, the climate and the fevers and the fallure of the com- manders to provide supplies and give attention to precaution enjoined by Peterson—all these combined to bring on disaster. Two Expeditions Fall. Ultimately the first expedition—or the wrecks of men and ships left of ft— quit Daren for New York and Scotland. But before word of its departure reached Scotland a second expedition had set out. In the last addition to the settle- ment was the company of Capt. Alex- ander Campbell, %ho seems to have been ® leader of parts. At any rate, he de- rds in one surprise to Seotland. Some remained in British colonies along the Atlantic Coast of North America. One of the vessels sent out on the expedition to New Caledonia was that harbor, it was pounded to in a storm and many of those on rd were lost. Two of the other vessels were wrecked and a third was badly damaged. When the Rising Sun landed at Charleston, among those who left the .lhlgot.hcn were the Rev. Archibald | Stobo, the Scotch minister, and his daughter Jean. The mother, along with | them, had been through the}\::gflk of the Darien venture, but been drowned in_the storm that swept the ship. The Rev. Mr. Stobo remained at Charleston because he had been asked & serve as pastor to Scotch settlers ere. 5ed Lhrv\}‘h the ":kai‘i'u:‘:r x nnri.: n e of became the wife of James Bullock, & Scotch settler. Their son was Archibald lishment of trade and trade|in th Thus the ancestry of the President of the United States who bmg::: about al goes fles that participated i the stiempt to par establish a at tradi colony wohx;lg trade mm‘“ ¢ on the wl ounger days | the me true—exce] thing. The United States ine stead of Britain holds the key this the world's greatest trade route. GENEVA.—Even & straw may show the way the wind blows, and this year lew into the Assembly of the League of Nations & straw which, ex- in itself, nevertheless not to be ignored. ‘The appearance of a resolution upon the agenda of the First Committee of Assembly, that committe which P ve codification straw, and the ever increasing demand of women the world over for an eal)x:l status in world affairs is the wind it has been behind it. Now the codification' of international | law is a big undertaking; it is also an McCarthy, D. A. The Language Devel- | undertaking which, because of the nature of the world at the present time, led _forward, under It is, moreover, Choice of Nationality Denled. When the first attempt to deal with it was made, last March, at the Hague, matters did not go far. Of the three questions regarding which the possi- | bility of codification was discussed, only one produced practical results. ‘That was the n of nationality, and that managed to get itself off the lines of wisdom by dealing with the particular points ~which concerned women in a manner calculated to come into violent contact with that strong wind blowing. in favor of equality. The conference issued a convention containing, among other things, four articles which, except for one detail, from the right of choice of nationality, and compelled her to follow the choice of her hus- band. It was a small matter; only a comparative handful of women would be affected by it, and, so far as that went, many of the handful would never really care. But it- was bristling with | those dangers which the alert feminist is ever watchful to detect, since it sought to introduce into the first ef- forts toward international law the inequality that feminists have been fighting everywhere in na- tional law. United States Protests. ‘The United States protested and, to- gether with Belgium, succeeded in ob- taining the adoption of a recommenda- tion by which states were asked to con- sider “the possibility of introducing into their respective laws the principle of equality between the sexes in re- gard to nationality”—but it was only a recommendation, and the convention proper went out for ratification to the world in general in what was looked upon as an almost wholly unsatisfac- tory condition. Matters, however, did not rest there. It is not easy nowadays to adopt legis- lation to which the majority of think- jposed. The conven- ular anywhere. No has raf it—but, of course, there has hardly been time for that; certain states have made swee) Tes- ervations in regard to it; of , - cluding the United States, have re- Jected it alf T, And now there blows into the As- sembly that little straw. Docteur ! Further Discussion of Sex Equality— Faced by League Assembly posal which calls for a decision that “in view of the approaching meeuz of a conference on the codification international law, the question of the nationality of women should fur- ther discussed.” It is indeed a straw. It is ha controversial. It contains no possibility of entering upon those arguments which must arise between countries which, in possession of indi- vidual regulations, are called upon to abandon pet theorles and come into line with the regulations of other countries. It simply asks for re-dis- cussion at a future codification confer- 20: ‘whenever and wherever that may But the women have seized upon the opportunity. From the United States there has come to Geneva & group of m, members of the Inter-American ission of Women, that offshoot of the Pan-American Union which was formed some two years ago to examine the status of the women of Latin .|America and to report back course of five years. Committee Members ‘They are under the leadership of Miss Alice Paul, and they have at- tracted to their cause women from countries all over the world who, for- getting the barriers of language and custom, have thrown themselves with enthusiasm into the work of seeing that no single member of the First Commit- tee shall go in ignorance of the im- portance of Docteur Ferrara's proposal. Besides the women from America, Miss Ella Rel of Pennsylvania, the legislative chairman of the National ‘Women's party; Senora Marta- of Santiago, Chili, member of the na- tionality committee of the Inter-Ameri- can Commission of Women; Miss Mar- garét Whittemore, Mrs. Emily Smith, Miss Lucy Branham, Miss Harriet Hop- kinson and others, there are British women and Australian wom all eagerly ready to interview in person, and in almost any language, those men who will carry influence when the dis- cussion oi’:h-lr c]dnnl.ml lr:"g in com- , 88 it may do an; now. the 30 or so delegates already e m‘:.t'?fr is small, they agree, simply rediscussion. But the wome{l see further. They see that the introduction into interna- i ¥ ] EE i tes the delegate for Cuba, has introduced 'into the First Committes, under item 19 of the agends, & 4