Evening Star Newspaper, August 19, 1930, Page 8

THE EVENING STAR With M WASHINGTON, D. C. TUESDAY.......August 19, 1930 THEODORE W. NOYES....Editor The Evening Star Newspaper Company B < 11t o "aad Fennstivana ave A e o&u-r,x nt St. London. sland. Rate by Carrier Within nins Btar % i (w) 1".\ g Qi may Ational $000: Rate by Mail—-Payable in Advance. M nd and Virginia. A day”"onty’ All Other States and Canada. {ly and Sunday. lyr.$12.00; 1 mo.. iy on'y ESEE | $8.00: 1 mo.. nday omys 1yr., $5.00: 1 mo.s City. rer month P 60¢ per month the 4sc per ch mi r ielephone $1.00 isc 50¢ Member of the Associated Press. The Assoclated Press is exclusively entitled Yo the use for republication of all news cis- in this paper and also o published herein Al rights of pubiication ot ®pecial dispatches herein are also reserved. Another Victory for Parks. Inasmuch as a large oil company has failed in its efforts to sccure War De- partment sanction for its proposed pier above the Key Bridge, it will probably abandon, also. its plans for a “tank farm” on the Virginia shore. The tanks had been opposed by citizens of Ar-| lington County, by the National Capital Park and Planning Com- mission and by the Virginia Park and Planning Commission on the ground that they would have inter- fered with park development. Notwith- standing this opposition, the authorities of Arlington County had granted the necessary permits and, in the end, the fate of the project rested on whether the War Department would authorize the pier, from which oil vessels would be unloaded, From a technical stand- point, the Chief of Engineers of the Armmy could interpcse no objection. The pier would not have interfered with navigation. But with the park de- velopment plan in mind, the Secretary of War refused the permit over the recommendation of the engineers. This decision will be generally ap- proved. Despite the willingness of the petitioning ofl company to change the plans and to make the tanks as unob- Jectionable as possible to park develop- ment, the city planners and others were fearful that their construction would prove to be an irrevocable step in the wrong direction, and that park development of the Virginia shore north of Key Bridge would be seriously men- aced. As in the case of the defeated abattolr project, the city planners and park developers have won another val- uable victory against great odds. It will encourage them to remain alert and ready to fight other commercial projects that endanger the success of their own plans. One interesting point in connection with the oil case was that the issue, sharply drawn between ethetic and | commercial development, divided into | two camps the Army engineers who bave separate but interlapping Ju- risdiction in planning for Washington's future. As in the case of the Greal Falls development, Col. U. S. Grant,| 3d, executive officer of the National Capital Park and Planning Commission, found himsel! fighting the United States engincers for the district, Col. Grant advocating park development and the United States district engineer advo- cating commercial development. In the oil company case the facts were argued before the United States district engineer and he decided in favor of the company over the op- position of Col. Grant. The Secretary of War, however, stepped in to make the fnal decision in favor of Col. Grant. In neither case has the personal view or predilection of the engineers been important. One has merely represented an agency created to do one thing, while the other'’s decisions are not supposed to take into consideration, as| having a practical bearing on the issue, the views of this agency. In cases where the jurisdiction of the @uly constituted agency planning for the growth and development of the Pederal City clashes with the jurisdic- tion of the Army engineer, whose pur- view is limited to téchnical aspects of the case, the opinion of the National Capital Park and Planning Commission should be the final opinion, with the way left open, of course, for appeal to the courts. As in many other cases, the fight against the oil company plans has em- phasized the fact that the park agencies cannot forever base their opposition to commercial development on the extent of their paper plans alone. If some of these paper plans are not translated into deeds of purchase for land and the concrete of roadways, the private own- ers of the affected property cannot be expected to be denied indefinitely the right to sell such property at the high- est price it will bring, regardless of the use to which it may some day be put. e About the only new wrinkle that has not been thought of is to stage an en- durance contest between two men in an airplane and one in a tree. — A Crisis in Books. The times are out of joint in the book industry. As in some of the lesser arts of trade, the merger is being in- wvoked by publishing houses as a means of salvation. Now the National As- sociation of Book Publishers and allied organizations have takes . seaf out of Herbert Hoover's lexicon and decided upon a comprehensive fact-finding sur- vey to find out what's wrong in the realm of reading. man, Orion H. Cheney of New York, is to have charge of the investigation. His assigned task is to determine “the most effective means for the widest possible distribution of books.” Meantime a variety of causes is ad- vanced for the slump in sales. The general business depression is readiesl explanation. Radio, the movie and automobiling long have been ear- | the once more popular pastime of reflective marked as natural enemies of A banker-business- | that the officers of the publishers’ as- sociation which plans the impending survey are all representatives of firms that characterized as “suicidal” the pro- gram of five concerns for selling novels at fifty cents and a dollar through mass methods. PFour publishing houses which are after the “dollar book” trade acknowl- edge that their venture is still an ex- periment. They think it may take & year to demonstrate its financial feasi- bility, or otherwise. While they are waiting to see, their attention is not | likely to be diverted from the fact that one of their neighbors, who has not been stampeded into the “dollar book” field, is luxuriating in a season’s best seller, which retails for $3.75. A ro- mantic autobiography, it has gone into 2 Midsummer nineteenth edition. Its success seems to indicate that there is ! stil a market for good books at good prices. ' —e——— ! Birth of a New Industry. One of Henry Ford's panaceas for | business depression is “new industrial leaders” who will find out what the people need and give it to them cheaply —bathtubs, for instance. Bathtubs, as come one has pointed out, would probably be a glut on the market by the time one of the new industrial leaders began applying quantity production methods and making them cheap, because the jmodern trend is toward the shower 1bath, Besides, it is not the bathtub | that costs so much, but the plumber who installs it, the water to fill it, the igas to heat the water aad a house to { put the bathtub in. | Discovery of what the people want | and need is probably due more to ac- cident than to the high-powered brains of new industrial leaders who can sit down and figure it out with pencil and paper. It would be interesting, in that connection, to trace the history of the discovery and commercialization of carbon dioxide as the “concentrated es- sence of frigidity” that we are now be- ginning to know. Chemists obviously knew long ago that the solidified gas possessed a temperature of 110 degrees below zero, and somebody may have figured that one pound of solid carbon dioxide could do the work of sixteen pounds of ice. But what man of vision decided to wrap ice cream in a tiny layer of frozen carbon dioxide and de- liver it in neat packages to homes so that it would keep for hours, hard as & brick? Who was the genius who looked ahead to the time when the bulky “freezer” from the confectioner, containing & hundred times as much ice and salt as ice cream, would be as out of date as a herdic cab? And who was the man who knew that within the space of a year or so & new industry would be required to supply the demand for frozen carbon dioxide; that one company alone would increase its pro- duction within twelve months by 175 per cent; that factories to make the product would spring up all over the United States; that the oll fields of Mexico would be called upon to aug- ment the domestic supply; that ¢hem- ists are saving the gas as a by-product of industrial alcohol and refineries are “cracking” ofl to obtain more of it— | because it now sells for $100 a ton? Solid carbon dioxide, demand for which already exceeds the supply, ac- cording to the Department of Com- merce, will probably reduce the cost of preserving vegetables in transconti- nental shipment by as much as 50 per cent. The meat packing industry and the fish industry and vegetable associa- tions are trying to get more of their products to more places in shorter time and in better condition. Solid carbon dioxide may eventually scrap present methods of refrigerating prod- uce in shipment and lead to entirely new outlets. One wonders, however, whether an industrial leader planned all this, or whether there is not a hard-working chemist's clerk somewhere trying w collect on the idea he proposed. And, what is still more important, whether an industrial leader will point the way to glving new jobs to those who will | lose their old ones, because solid car- bon dioxide has left them with nothing | to do. ———r—t— | United States sailors are to enjoy regular ice-cream soda fountains on board our battleships. “Crazed with banana splits, the mutinous seaman was subdued by the master at arms.” And again, “All hands to the pumps!” may mean only that some generous gob is ! setting them up for the crowd. 1 ———e— | A Good Example. Justice of the Peace Westbrook of ! van Etten, N. ¥., has rendered a sig- 'pal seryice to the cause of patriotism in an age when a changing sense of “values” is causing that finest of na- tional virtues to be practiced a little casually, He has just sent to jail for | five months each a couple of girls, ‘aged, respectively, twenty-three and ! twenty, for insulting the American flag. | They were fined and given imprison- ment as the result of reliable evidence | that they ejaculated “To hell with the | | American flag and the American Gov- | ernment!” when they refused to ac- !cept a flag for the Workers' Interna- | tional Relief Camp, of which they are directors. The camp was flying & red flag. The young women declined to | hoist the Stars and Stripes because | they regard it “the emblem of the ! capitalistic bosses” This is the par- rot language of Communism. It is | such doctrine that is being taught at the camps now maintained in different parts of the Yountry for the educa- | tion of American youth in the Com- | munistic creed. | Our “advanced” group of “liberals,” | who think loyalty to the flag is old- fogyish in this “forward-locking” era, {may be depended upon to berate the up-State New York justice of the peace They are sure to hurl their most preclous shafts of irony at his obsolete notlons of the symbolism of Old Glory, hopelessly out of keeping, as they are, with the ideals of Greenwich Village and Union Squere. But there are mil- lions of old-fashioned Americans who the | would iike to clap the country justice | | of the peace on the back and say “Well done!” He has struck a blow for the kind of petiiotism they grew up on, and which, in thelf stolid way, they reading. In more recent times, the ad- would like (o see perpetuated. vent of the low-priced novel has en- tered into the picture as another dis- turbing factor, at least as far as old- It is the dearest hope of the Third Internationale to substitute the “Red Marselllaiee” for “The Star Spangled production and radical merchandising % .. TH: EVENING STAR WASHINGION D C, TUESDAY, AUGUST 10 w0 . ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS One does not need to succumb to any silly alarm that American institutions are about to be overthrown by the Soviet system of misgovernment, or even that our institutions are remotely in danger of being undermined. But any American who takes his mind off of money, movies and motors long |enough to think about such things ought to realize that Communism is; stealthily and sleeplessly at work in | this country; that it is playing for the | long haul, and that it is aiming partic- ularly at the younger generation, with iits contempt for ancient shibboleths and standards. Every American boy and girl in whom |can be inculcated the doctrine of “to- | hell-with-the-American-flag” becomes | an agent for the accomplishment of | Communism's eventual purpose in the United States. It is a wholesome thing that a rural magistrate has had the courage and the homespun common sense to hit this thing when he meets | it, and, in Lincoln's words, “hit it hard.” | ] Mechanized Theaters. The impending fight between the theaters and the theater musicians concerns the matter of wages and wage contracts. The theater-going public, and its preferences in music, whether it | likes to watch, as well as hear, an orchestra play, or is willing to have canned music, blared at it from a record, has nothing to do with the case. ‘The musicians have held the whip hand over the theater owners for some time. But a machine age has reversed the tables, the theater owners ap- parently have the musiclans cornered and the public will take what the | theaters offer or leave it alone, while the fight goes merrily along. It is sincerely to be hoped that there will be an amicable settlement of the dispute, and that, after it is over, one will still be able to find an orchestra in a theater—an orchestra that does jTead, but to reread and refer to, most |cent years become a serious problem. not blare forth its so-called music from a mechanical apparatus concealed by artificial flowers. So mechanized already are the mov- ing picture houses that the ushers are beginning to be regarded as curiosities. They at least appear to be human. But some day there will be an inevitable reaction. Some enterprising theater magnate will hire a piano player. Men, women and children will rush to see a human being “in person” and the next step will be for a still more enterprising such beginnings great things will grow. Millions will stampede the theater that offers the spectacle of a living orchestra, directed by a man of flesh and blood instead of an automaton. Other theaters will follow suit and the day of the musician will have dawned again. e Fifty million gallons of water released from a reservolr to purify the Passaic be traced to a New Jersey lake, but no farther. Can it be possible that in the drought they are stealing and even hi- Jacking the standby of the dries? —_ —e—s “Jece Water at Discretion” is an item placed on the menu of a perspicacious Parisian restaurateur to inveigle Ameri- can tourists, The trouble is that we Americans seldom use it with discre- tion. - — oo ‘Will H. Hays Is taking the first vaca- tion he has enjoyed since the World War. He may swap some lies around the post office during his time off, but it is a pretty safe bet he will patronize no movies. P g There is a large number of vacan- cles at the United States Naval Acade- my, it is reported. These have occur- red for a varlety of reasons, including some overhospitality in the way of food and clothing to hungry but ill-advised young lady visitors. e SHOOTING STARS. BY PHILANDER JOHNSON. Self-Satisfied. A man sat on the old rail fence. He wore a tattered coat. He smiled a smile of glee intense And then he cleared his throat And warbled in an idle strain A small impromptu lay; He sang it o'er and o'er again Throughout the Summer day: “I do not own a cent of stock In any big concern. I haven't any city blocks Which in a night might burn. I pay no life insurance bill, And so you must agree This world that uses others ill 1Is pretty good to me.” Grown Shy. “Why don’t you try to win the confi- dence of the people?” “Not now,” answered Senator Sor- ghum. “The people have been gold- bricked so much of late years thai every time they see a man trying to make himself agreeable they get sus- picious.” Youthful Assumption. “How is your son getting on in his new position?” “First rate,” answered Farmer Corn- tossel. “He knows more about the busi- ness now than the boss does. Ail he has to do is to convince the boss.” Regretted. The boy whose snowball brought dismay I do forgive, I vow. { In fact, I think I'll even say I wish he'd throw one now. Anybody Can Start. “Do you think that it takes genius to become a financier?” “No,"” answered the Wall Street man, “but it takes genius to remain one.” A Distinction of Terms. “No man,” remarked the unoriginal on, “can be & hero to his valet.” No,” answered Mr. Dustin Stax, as i he ran his fiuger around the inside of his collar, “a man with a valet isn't exactly a hero. He's a martyr.” 2 Artificialities. *Tis hard to sympathize with those ' Who sorrow's cup must quaff, | But sometimes it is harder still To find you've got to laugh. ‘T'he test of true politeness comes Whene'er you meet the bore, Who tells the story that you've heard A dozen times before. magnate to engage a violinist, and from | River unaccountably vanished. It could|p,. THI D. C, S AND THAT BY CHARLES E. TRACEWELL. High prices and the lack of home | library space are given as the chief | causes of the lack of buying of new | fiction, according to Simon & Schus- ter, New York publishers. | In the front of their new Inner | Sanctum novels, in paper covers at $1 each, they put it this way “to the buyer of this book:" “It is the thought of the publishers | |that the buying of new fiction has | been seriously handicapped in recent | years by two chief causes: | “1. The Price—Whereas many non- | fiction books are bought not only to | fiction i bought for one reading only. ‘The price of fiction has remained rela- tively high because it has not been bought in quantities sufficient to enable ® publisher to make use of the savings concomitant with large production. Meanwhile, unless the reader were cer- tain he wanted to retain a book in his library. he has been content to borrow the book from a library or from a friend (whenever that occasion might arise) or else he has decided not to | read the book at all. “‘2. Library Space—This has in re- More and more people live in rela- tively small apartments in which the area of library shelves is limited. ‘Where %o put the books once they are read has become a real question. The book has been bought, but who wants to throw away a bound book? “To meet these two factors, the pub- lishers of this series of books have brought the price of all fiction (with the exception of extremely long novels) down to a dollar. You have now bought this book. If you do not wish to keep it, lend it to a friend, or send it to a hospital. Or, if you are clearing | your shelves, throw it out with maga- zines. If, on the other hand, this is & book that you wish to keep bound in permanent form, take it to any book- binder or send it back to the pub- lishers with a remittance of $1, and it will be bound in cloth and re- turned to .you postpaid.” * ok x K ‘This is all very well, but it is not the half of it. The simple truth is that there are too many books being published. There are too many mediumly good writers. Of course, there is little that can be done about it. But it puts the real lover of books in a quandary. There are so many things he would like to read that he faces the impossible. Even if he had the money, the task ahead of him presupposes that he has nothing to do in life except read novels. ‘This is the real reason many per- sons had given up buying them. It wasn’t so much the high price. Those | who love books will buy them at any rice. But the publishers had, in a sense, gone back on them. They had put out hordes of novels, good, bad and indifferent, for the mob, on the assumption (which seems to be proving false) that the mob would buy anything which looked like a book. Well, the mob did, for a time; but, not being genuine booklovers, its com- ponent parts soon grew tired of the ! game of trying to appear cuitured. The novelty of books wore off with them, just as other fads and fancies ve & way of becoming tiresome to all except the genuine devotees. Soon no buyers were left except the booklovers, those to whom books are things, to be loved in themselves and for themselves, | * ok ok X | The joke about his “new” venture | of paper books (which is as old as the hills) is that the real booklover finds as much pleasure in his paper-covered books as in his cloth ones. And, for a time, they have the charm of novelty. He will no more throw away one of them than he would a bound one. A book is a book. There is no magic in cloth covers. The lure les in the ?Hnted page, as assembled into book orm. ‘The publishers quoted, probably for business reasons, assume that many readers will maltreat their books, dog- ear the covers, fold them, bend them, be willing to toss them away with the indifference with which they treat a magazine handled by children with sticky fingers. ‘True booklovers, on the other hand, will keep their paper-backs in such prime condition that they could be put on the store counters tomorrow and sold as new. Real booklovers have an amazingly tender way of treating their books. We do not mean that they are finicky, or that they are afraid to use them. ‘They simply are careful with them, | whether in vellum, silk, linen—or pa- per. The cover makes no real differ- ence. The first year's row of Charles Boni’s Paper Books makes as good an ;&;‘::-nnce on our shelves as any dozen S. ‘We would no more think of pitching them into the trash heap than our an- notated set of Emerson, or our much worn and thumbed set of Gibbon. ‘The fact that they have paper backs is an added inducement to treasure them. Why should we pay a dollar apiece to have cloth covers put on them? There is no magic in cloth. * ok ok Nor can we set too much store by the argument that people nowadays have no room for their books. Again we go back to the booklover. He always has room for his books. He may keep them on the floor, and in the bed rooms, and even in the bath room, but he keeps them. ‘That is the big thing, and publishers should thank God for it, for without the booklovers there would be no books. Such a man or woman treasures his books not only because he ‘likes them, but rlrlly because they are books. He recalls the paper-backs of his child- hood. In them he read many of Alex- andre Dumas’ romances, Rostand’s “Cyrano_de Bergerac. He believes that such a series of books were put out by Street & Smith many years ago, but is not sure of the publishers. “If you do not wish to keep it, lend it to & friend.” That, surely, is & wise suggestion. The man who penned that had his wme in his cheek. The best way of getting rid of any book, better than “throwing it out with the maga- zines,” is to lend it to a friend. A book “loaned” to a friend, disap- pears completely. - The bottomless pit is no deeper than the home of a friend, when it comes o the complete absorp- tion of loaned books. The first thing a friend does with a borrowed book is to loan it to Aunt Mattie. Aunt Mattie loans it to Priend Hattie. Friend Hat- tie loans it to Lover Pred, and Lover Fred takes it with him to Europe. While abroad, he loans it to Fifi, and Heaven knows what Pifi does with it. ‘The book you fondly suppose is re- s¢iding in an honored place on the li- brary table of your friend has thus gone on uncharted journeys and never will be seen any more. Well, perhaps it is just as well, ially for the publishers. But we hope they won't worry too much about their pa- per books not being “permanent.” Felix Salten’s “Fifteen Rabbits,” in paper, will last as long as his “Bambi” in cloth. Beauty, in books, is more than skin deep. Highlights on the Wide World Excerpts From Newspapers of Other Lands EUES WINER TAGBLATT, Vi- enna—The total personnel of the German Army, which In the year 1914 comprised 797, 716 men, now consists of & fixed quota of 100,000, imposed by the rwe treaties. The marine contingent, formerly consisting of 79,000 men, now totals only 14,000. The cost of main taining the army in 1914 was 1,327,148, 444 marks annually. The present cost 420,000 marks a year. within the last year, 1929-1930, the cost of the army increased 600,000,000 marks, & significant ‘andizement in view of the fact that the total German military | expense did not reach the amount of the added army outlays in the French republic. * ok ok French Alarmed British Army Budget. Cologne Gazette—German Army and Navy estimates for this year are less than in years immediately preceding, but even these reductions do not - tect us from suspicion of our neigh- bors, who consider 502,000,000 marks too much for us to spend on our military protection, while British Army expendi- tures for the year are computed at 810,000,000 marks. It is strange that the British authorities, however, see nothing invidious in this comparison. It is the French press and the officers of the French Army, an army spending already twice as much as we, that are| feigning alarm. If army expense is any criterion of war menace, then the prep- | arations of France are twice as threat- ening as those of Germany. And while France and England are building large | navies our naval expense will be 29,.-| 000,000 marks less this fiscal year than last. . Horses Abandoned To Die. | La Nacion, Buenos Aires—Miserable and emaciated, with their eyes lachry- mose and timid, moving furtively, with head bowed, as if still dreading the blows of their cruel masters; distressed with collar and saddle-galls and tor- mented by.flies—such are the ingredi- ents of the spectacle presented by the five forlorn horses which now for some months have been haunting the outer stretches of the Avenida Centenario, in one of the mos. aristocratic quarters of the city. Surely this is the most lu- gubrious and humiliating infamy to be observed in this capital! These five old horses, no longer able to work, have been abandoned in the thoroughfare by their conscienceless masters, who considered it more con- venient thus to turn them out to_die rather than to terminate their lives humanely or to care for them in the remaining brief period of their exist- ence. These poor animals live, or rather merely procrastinate their deaths from day to day, suffering all the pangs of hunger and_thirst, nibbling the scanty vegetation they can reach, devoured by avoracious insects and belabored by pit- fless boys. If none of those who are constant witnesses of this suffering are willing to take mensures to end it, then surely the authorities should terminate what is not only & Eilnlnl affiiction to the hearts of all beholders, but also both a disgrace and a moral menace to the community. B Horses Increasing in London. The Daily Mail, London—Strange as it may seem, the number of horses is increasing in London. Last year there were 17,000; now there are more than 20,000. Synchroncusly, the num ber of taxicabs is decreasing. The au: thorities are restricting the number of cabs to 3,000—a figure much reduced compared with that of last year. “Dar 18 a great temptation” said Uncle Eben, “to take it foh granted that things is all goin’ wrong simply time standard-priced $3, $4 and $5 Banner” and the blood color of Com- because dey doesn't happen to be books are concerned. It \t*nnmant munism for the Red, White and Blue. comin’ yoh way.” ‘ { o Bee Culture Popular Chinese Industry. North China Herald, Shanghal— Under the stimulus of the recent de- velopment of bee culture in North China Shih-kuel, a noted bee-garden keeper in the north, has left for Japan, ac- companied by some experts, for the Durzou of acquiring honey-bees. Ac- cording to Mr. Chih, the bee culture industry will become one of the prin- cipal industries in North China, and in view of the fact that Japanese honey- bees are excellent, he proposes to im- port some 200 boxes of bees of Japanese dmky' in order to promote the bee in- ustry. * ok ok % ly | King Alfonso To Deny Speculations. El Sol, Madrid—The Communist leader, Senor Indalecio Prieto, has been arrested and will be presented before the civil court for making a speech in which he alleged that King Alfonso and members of his family have at different times engaged in financial speculations in the exchange markets. The King, it is reported, will %rodune witnesses to prove that neither himself nor any other members of the royal family have ever entered into any transactions of fiscal nature, the character of which was im- proper or discreditable. Owing to the prevalence of reports that he has made much money in Spanish funds and bonds, friends of the monarchy natu- rally are anxious to have him freed of the accusations. [ Mean People In New Zealand, Too. The Evening Post, Wellington. —“Some might think it a very smart trick,” stated the Hon. A. J. Stallworthy, min- ister of health, “but I think it is & deasl:&hle action!” He was speaking of difficulties of administering char- itable rellef, and of the underhand methods some people adopted to get charity when they did not deserve it. He recalled that women sometimes came to charitable aid institutions, pleading poverty, large families and husbands out of work. “One ‘slinter’ worked like that inflicts a hardship on worthy cases,” said the minister. “Some people, ap- })lylnl for relief we have found had rom £200 to £300 in the bank. I never realized there were people in New Zea- land as mean as that!” Auto Busses Replace Electric Trams. El Comercio, Lima.—It is difficult for us to appreciate that electric tramways have been in use for 50 years, inasmuch as scarcely more than two decades aj mule-drawn tramcars were still® the highest development of public transpor- tation upon our streets. However, though in use in Berlin in 1880 and 1881, electric street cars were not gen- erally adopted in the larger cities of the world until after the middle 80s, when they quickly sprang into favor and su- perseded horse and cable cars as rap- idly as the electric equipment could installed. Now, 50 years later, some- thing even superior to the trolley car, the auto bus, has been evolved, which| affords a still faster and more adapts able service. The “imperial” auto busses | of London and Paris are particularly commodious and comfortable and, what 18 equally important, afford a “flexible” service Independent of tracks and power houses. One of the first electric street cars used in Berlin, Germany, has just been withdrawn from service in that city, after half century of use. It strongly reminiscent of the type of cars used for a long time in this city, but soon retired for the utility of larger cars. Our mule-drawn cars appear have been larger, though perhaps not of equal longevity. Too Dry to Be All Wet. From the Dayton Daily News. Henry Ford says there is plenty of kick in water, but it's been the lack of it this Summer that produced the big- gest kiek. From the Toledo Blade. It would seem impossible to get babies mixed, when looks like all with Tientsin as its center, Mr. Chih- e baby 1k | the different -{'-’Eu- of the family. TUESDAY, AUGUST 19, 1930. NEW BOOKS AT RANDOM L G M. THE STORY OF PUNISHMENT: A Record of Man's Inhumanity to Man. Harry Elmer Barnes. The Stratford Co. Even k:fore the father of lamenta- tions gave meaning and name to the jeremiad, Wailing Walls—or their e&nv- alent—re-echoed Wwith cries of 10se mourning the sins of man, with plead- ings for mercy to an angry Jehovah. And not much different in this re- spect has it been since the day of the prophet. Each age, taking its place on the platform of time, becomes con- vinced in the minds of its mentors that with it the climax of all evil is | speedily approaching, that wrongdoing in its multifarious forms is reaching a height never before attained. Indi- vidually this settled conviction comes out on every hand in the familiar “Such days,” “When I was young,” and so on, and so on. Much of honest opinion in the prevalent deplorings; much besides, of short sight, of no real sight at all. The true value of history, I take it, is to provide a_measuring line for every new period. History is not primarily the storing up of names and decades as such. It is not a roster of greatness, not a shining sequence of mighty events. Rather does its worth lie in the substance of each age, in the perennial element of growth that it contains. To seize upon this substance as a whole, % apprehend it as a unit of light or darkness, of promise or warning to those Wwho come after, of advance or recession ~—this is to realize history as an in- strument for the present, as a guide for the future. This is history. y 15 a gorgeous many-sided af- fair. A dazzling and bewildering hour. 'To embrace it as a whole is not, possi- Dble, save in the most superficial of gleanings. And so, through the intelli- gence and competency of the present, readers and students are supplied with means of examining it line by line in its most vital and significant depart- ments and divisions. - With so much of general and absorbing Interest, a choice of subjects is not easy. Let the news- papers help at this poind of indecision. In short order it becomes patent that crime is an overtopping concern of the day and hour. Swarming crimes range from petty violations of the law to mon- strosities of murder, torture, fear, men- tal anguish. Not that lawlessness has taken complete possession of the age. Far from it. The great majority is law-abiding. But this orderly prepon- derant element is justifiably nervous and uneasy over the menace of the small law-breaker, as it is clearly aghast before the arch-criminal himself. This may, or may not, be & new day in the prevalence and character of crime. It is certainly a new day for the criminal. Rather it is the break of a new day. In the bulk of lawless- ness with which the daily press is weighted, there is now and then a new strain, a different tone to the rec- ord. An occasional word comes from scientist, professional student of the human mind and body, interlocked: {rom humanitarian, legal expert on the inadequacy of the law_to meet the sit- uation, from prison wardens—not a big group, but a growing group, dedicated to the conviction that a criminal sick man whose case calls for treat- ment rather than for punishment. This revolution in respect to crime and its treatment stands in summary &s the last chapter in Harry Elmer Barnes' “The Story of Punishment.” Stands, also, as an outlook upon one of the most significant changes that have taken place throughout historic recordings of man’s relations to man. A change of outlook which, objectified in actual procedure, will make over the prisons and their administration, will reconstruct criminal law, will change both motive and means of punishmen! will make scientific study of the crim- inal through the plastic years when he was in the making, will make study of the home and the strects and the school and the church, will take a look back into the blood and the forbears—will, in a word, bring to account the various agencies of his birth and upbringing. An illuminating chapter, this closing one, An inspiring chapter. Not an enthusiast, its author. Not given over fo vision: and dreams. A scientist, rather, who has learned the long lesson of science, slow, slow processes of growth and change, of tardy adapta- tions and conformities. No, not an en- thusiast, clearly. Yet, a man who de- votedly espolises the cause of begin- nings in this matter, of persistence in a new building program for the human, no matter now slowly it may advance, no matter how often seeming disaster t, | part of the University of Chicago. It original BY FREDERIC Expert researchers, who can get you any information on any subject, are at your command, without charge to you. A 2-cent stamp will bring you a per- sonal answer to any inquiry of fact you may make, Thousands of newspaper readers use this great service. Try it today. Make your inquiry easily read and easily understood, and address The Evening Star Information Bureau, Fred- !flCC J. Haskin, director, Washington, Q. How many motion pictures has Bebe Daniels made?—M. H. A. “Lawful Larceny” is her 288th vehicle. Her first was made when she Was 8 years old. Q. Where will the next International Road Congress be held?>—B. E. A. It will be held in Washington, D. C., October 6 to 11. More than 60 countries will have official representa- | things never happened in the good old| ti lon. Q. What is the term for which a judge in the United States Supreme Court is appointed?—A. M. K. A. A judge of the Supreme Court is appointed during good behavior, which is practically for life. He may be pen- sioned after 10 years’ service, or after reaching the age of 70 years be retired on full salary if he so desires. Q. When were charged waters first made?—H. G. F. A. Artificlally aerated waters had their inception in Priestley’s success in 1772 in producing aerated water in imitation of naturally aerated mineral spring water. Large scale manufacture of aerated water was commenced by Paul at Geneva in 1790 and shortly after by Schweppe in London. In the United States, Priestley’s experiments interested a Philadeiphia physician, Dr. Philip Syng Physick, and he induced a chemist, Townsend Speakman, to pre- pare carbonated water for his patients. Speakman added fruit juice as a flavor, and the soft-drink industry in country started at that time, 1807. Q. What State is Grace Abbott, di- rec?r of the Children's Bureau, from?— Y. T.D. A. Miss Abbott was born at Grand Island, Nebr. % Q. When was Buckingham Palace built?—E. A. The present site of Buckingham Palace was occupied during Teign of Charles I and II by Mulberry Gar- dens, a fashionable resort. It was then bought by the Earl of Arlington, and Arlington House erected. This was de- molished in 1703, and the ground bought and the original Buckingham Palace built of red brick by John Sheffield, the first Duke of Buckingham. He queathed it to his widow, who was & natural daughter of James I. It was bought for the British royal family by George III and settled by him upon Queen, Charlotte. Q. Was_Mrs. Harding older than President Harding?—N, T. H. A. The date of her-birth is given as August 15, 1860. Warren G. H: was born November 2, 1865. Mrs. Harding was more than five years older than her husband. Q. Do housewives work longer than 3‘"3"% who are employed elsewhere?— A. A recent survey shows that the time spent in household tasks varies with the size of the city. In cities of over 50,000 the average was a little over 48 hours a week. In smaller cities the average was 51 hours, while farm women worked about 62 hours a week. Womz: in industry work about 48 hours a week. % ‘Where is the Haskell Museum?— 'A.'The Haskell Oriental Museum is & contains more than 20,000 ok~ his | aT¢ very apt to J. HASKIN. jects, exhibil poseible the Near East. The largest Egyptian relics. Q. What is the American Opera Co.?—W. V. A. It is a company which started in Eastman's School of Music in Roches- ter, N. Y. It has been successful enough to establish itself in New York |City. It will not go on tour this | Winter. Q. How many miniature golf courses are there in this country?—E. L. A. It is estimated that there are now about 25,000 Hqfi tho founded New Rochelle?— A. New Rochelle was founded by the French Huguenot refugees in 1688 “The founders” says the author of “New Rochelle Through Seven Gen- erations,” “were the sons and grand- sons of those devoted Huguenots who in 1628 stubbornly resisted the attacks of the French Army in the beleaguered city of La Rochelle until reduced from 27,000 to 5000 souls. * * *" Fifty- three years after this famous sfege of La Rochelle, when King Louis XIV caused the removal of Huguenot perse- cution by the revoeation of the Edict of Nantes, many citizens of La Ro- chelle fled to England. missioned Gov. Leisler of New York to purchase a tract of land for them in America. The Governor bought for them “from John Pell, Esq., for this purpose. 6,000 acres of land. The price was 1,675 pounds, 25 shillings sterling current silver money of this province” (about $8,000) “and one fat calf on every four and twentieth day of June yearly and every year, forever, if de- manded.” In Hudson Park is a me- :}ofl&lfimlrk}ng the :lfi of the landing emigres. ut 30 famil comprised this colony. o Q. Was Lincoln in favor of wom auflng:?—si B. T. e e early as 1836 Lincoln m h in which he said: “I go f:gefl: ring the privilege of the Government seque‘;:ll;t ;n be;rlnzdlul burdens. Con- . I go for admitting all to the rights of suffrage Whg pty"x‘“:: or bear a femties.” Tms, by no means excluding Q. TIs it possible to produce all consonant sounds without the euutr&:: tion of the soft palate? The statement was made recently over the radio that to produce clear ‘tone, the soft palate must remain unmoved.—F. M. O, A. When the consona Pro- nounced correctly the soft ;’-‘m‘:e should not contract. In this country, people o put the consonants in e throat, especially “k” and hard “g" but even they can pronounced gf 50 enough forward tha palat remains unmoved. LA haty e _g, gvvho wrote “Anchors Aweigh"? A “Anchors Aweigh” is a march two-step time eompigud by‘ch:flu ':. Zimmerman, musical director of the ‘;’:;er?c hst:.du’ N;m Academy. It was n and is to the graduating class of lD(l'I.dedk‘ud Q. Which doctors died as a result of experimenting with yellow fever in Cuba lbzxt i’fi years uo?—t—m, McK. ut one of the doctors who submitted to contact with mosquitoes in the yellow fever work carried on by the in Cuba 30 years ago re- covered from the disease and are sither still living Dr. Lazear or have ‘dxed"mm;'ll deaths, died of yellow fever con- tracted in this manner on tember 25, 1900. Of the 27 doctors who were :;.g d, only 6 have since dled nat- Country Continues to Marvel At Splfead of Little Golf Fad The country continues to marvel at the speed with which its newest fad, miniature golf, has won public favor. This sport first made its appearance in California in 1928, and in the brief space of two years it has grown to be | one of the successful amusement ven- tures of the country. According to the may overtake it, no matter that the|combined claims of this novel game's criminal himself may appear to be the real enemy in the great enterprise. What about the other chapters in this invaluable study, vital to the con- cern of the world itself? Those other chapters will introduce you to the hard- est reading that, I venture to say, have ever come upon. For here is the story of punishments as history has measured it out to wrongdoers. Here, set down, are the crimes and &unuh- ments of early society. How to find the gullty one? A first concern. Interest- ingly, in this first chapter dedicated to detection of the re: big as life—stands our own beloved, modern “third degree.” Time, certainly, is a slow and deliberate workman! Very slowly, evolved the trial by jury, broadly speaking that which persists to this day. An illuminating book could be writ- ten—engrossing too—on that trial by jury. Law, custom, religion, in a hodge- podge of partnership took such care, or uncare, of the criminal as he received, | CGiradually, criminal procedure split off from this common social fabric and set up on its own account. Penalties for crime ranged from corporal punish- ment to transportation. Convicts used to be transporied, you know, from Eng- land to America. The War of Inde- Pendmm stopped the practice, while eaving a slight convict tinge to the new United States. Australla was a fine place for English criminals, France, for such purpose, had its Caledonia, Devils Island and other points. Fresh information of startling char- ecter steps out from this part of the work. New facts and a harrowing of the heart wait upon you here. But for sheer horror go back a bit to the time of corporal punishment. Flogging, the commonest of punishments, is not al- together unknown even yet in some homes, in somae schools. A relic of earlier way with criminals. Lying was s punishable offense—then. Plercing the tongue with a hot iron was the specific for this anti-social indulgence. Great ingenuity of device for inflicting pain and satisfying justice stands here in an interesting, and revolting, picture of the progress of th~ law in its dealing with the violators of the law. Then, slong in the eighteenth century, came & reform of the criminal law. Names of humanitarians begin to appear. Beccaria the foremost of these, with rapid accessions of leaders to the work instituted by him. Approaching our own day comes the rise of the prison in one or another of its primitive forms. Beyond this point the study moves into our own times, into the prison system of the United States, its origin, its historical background, the place of John Howard as a reformer in the prison } | concept and in the management of that institution. ‘The beginnings of such reform are objectified by prisons in different parts York and Pennsylvania. | jou say free? to|of the United States—chiefly in New | or does he? proponents and opponents, it is in- fluencing all phases of American life. It creates new industry, helps old in- dustries, relieves unemployment and ‘entertains both the unemployed employed, increases interest in golf and Jou | removes tin cans from vacant lots. It also creates bedlam centers in residen- tial areas, which doesn't appear to be a point in its favor. | , The effect of Tom Thumb or minia- | ture golf on the original game has at- tracted considerable attention. “That the Tom Thumb golf courses are turn- criminal, there— | yng out recruits for the larger courses in vast numbers is indicated in the ex- panding field of the latter,” according to the Charlotte Observer. The crowd- ing ‘of the courses has created a new demand for night illumination for them. The Ithaca Journal-News de- clares that “night base ball is still an experiment of dubious merit, but con- cerning night golf, which has already been launched on at least one golf course, there can be only the heartiest enthusiasm from all serious followers of the game.” The Dayton Daily News, referring to & trial of lighting at Kansas City, feels that “it remains to be seen how the experiment will work out. Proof of its feasibility will be all the rest of the country needs to fol- low_suit.” The New York Sun suggests illu- minated golf balls, and remarks: “What golfer is there who has read in the Aeneid of the shining arrow of Acestes without profound regret that the ?lous Aeneas was s0 dumb he didn't learn the trick of what made it shine?” Whatever the system employed, the New York World states that, “on the whole, it seems to us that an excellent thing has been siarted here, one that the electric light companies ought to encourage.” ¥ * ok ok % The only condemnation of miniature golf has come because of its effect on the communities in which the courses are situated. The Harrisburg Patriot tells us that residents “object to the noise, the glare of lights, the clutter of automobiles and other features,” which is an amplification of the view of the Buffalo News that, “operated without restrictions in residential districts, these play places may become a nulsance.” However, the Baltimore Sun, in discus- ticular. That's the logic of the as punishment. In the course of time the prisoner becomes a free man. A what? Free. under the distrust of the wide world into which he rmefi? Free, with upon him the demoraliza- tion imposed by the prison, the hatred of ‘the world and the fear of it? Did Who will give this dere- Obviously he has to live— ‘Where will he earn the it & job? ‘The place of | wherewithal for food and lodging, lng of the reformatory in the system is de-| how will he maintain the scribed and illustrated by specific place | his plight necessary to gain food and end character of the work accom- | lodging? plished. Moving steadily forward, out of the great background of history, un- der the urgencies of growth and devel- opment, Mr. Barnes arrives at the na- ture of imprisonment. mean? What is its basic motive? Un- der what conditions does this motive materialize in the daily life of the prison? If the motive is punishment- then revenge and hard dealings must prevail. Darkness, gloom, no diversions, poor food, bad air, deadly routine of the dally round, arrogant mastery, harsh words, strict discipline in every par- ‘What coes it | However, and however, as I said so long ago, sclentists and professionals and humanitarians and the law are looking into the case of this sick man and some day — maybe — this country will take up the business of making new men out of the refuse cast out on the dump heap by our indifference and ignorance in respect to the human stuff waiting all around for the gospel of intelligence and genuine love « get into working * harness together. This surpassing study is dedicated to Clar~ ence Darrow—as it should be. and | Journal: sion of conditions in its own , de= clares, “A little x.mm;:"&... The New Orleans Tribune ts remedy with the luument:m"";:r- the players after mid- solve the difficulty. We have hope whatever that the neighbors will submit to earpads.” Another angle is seen by the Jersey “Everybody should nflm that in so many cases empty lots which had as tenants only old tin cans and packing cases have been made into mn;&n which are at least relatively As to the game itself, the collective American public stands ‘with putter in hand and gives the little putt-putt courses “the raspberry,” and the Mont- real Standard slips in the Canadian Viewpoint with the remark: “Tom Thumb golf has spread over this coun- try of outs like an epidemic of measles, $ % * Itis ina way, a comic relief | to the unemployment situation, and is | much more interesting than lolling in | the parks, smoking clgarettes and throwing waste paper about.” * Kk x ¥ ~Not many years ago” says the Wheeling Intelligencer, “mnnyypeople had private tennis courts, and in the decade before, croquet was very popu- lar. Miniature golf requires no more space than either tennis or croquet. It has the extra advantage of having the of the most-played national game back of it.” That paper also states | m:uzhe.:pl:fl is “;lsecond only to the Popular recreation and growing like a prairie fire,” “On these diminutive links, where the player has to battle with par with only the putter, where he can dispense with & caddy and where he does not have to worry about a lost ball, duffers and their far cleverer cousins go round and round, striving for birdies and eagles, and waxing eloquent over mean little hazards that wreck their scores.” Such s the explanation of the Springfield Unlon for the popularity of the game, continuing, “The popularity of the game ay be measured by the fact that plans are being made for a national tourna- | ment to be held this coming Fall.” As .Y.he New Bedford Standard remarks: “The spirit in Tom Thumb golf seems :’e‘se: I t'!IIC cl‘lia" use the real links, use the le ones, and that is be'txt':r t.}l}ln ‘:Agthinz." e Harrisburg Telegraph isn't cer- tain about the permnneneepot the game, but emphatically states that, “Passing Or permanent, there is this to be said for the game—that it has shown the public as being in the mood for whole~ some play. * * * Tom Thumb little more than improvement on the old and often ridiculed game of ero- quet.” The Pittsburgh Post-Gazette also approves, stating: “One of the most significant features is the gener- ally friendly attitude toward the tiny Hinks. Devotees of the regular e have not been speaking s ot the miniature variety. Social ers are giving it their approval. * ¢ * A pastime that makes such immediate appeal to all classes just naturally com- | 'asadena Star-News its a | favorable for the ture | courses: “There are several facts and | factors in favor of the new game. It truly is popular. The cost is within the reach of all. It does not take too much time—and yet those who desire to spend considerable time playing may do so. It is not difficult to learn. And it requires a measure of skill which keeps the mind, as well as the hand, keen and on the alert. *'* * The new sport is to be welcomed as a health-] wholesome, . ing factor 1n [] |