Evening Star Newspaper, June 6, 1930, Page 28

HAWES GIVES VIEW OF THE PHILIPPINES Advocates Island Freedom. Opposition to Be Heard in Forum Later. The granting of early independence | %o the Philippines as the only solution ©f the problem concerning them, which now confronts this Goyernment was., urged last night by Senator Harry B.! Hawes of Missouri, In an addqress in the National Radio Forum. Owing to the widespread interest in the question of Philippine independence | and the fact that there is a wide di- vergence of opinion as to what course | Spain, we would be powerle: the United States Government should | pursue, the National Radio Forum at a | later date will present a distinguished | traditions and aspi; speaker, who will present arguments against this country’s surrender of its isiand control. Speaking ever the forum arranged by The Star, and sponsored by the Columbia Broad casting system over a hook-up, Senator Hawes, who is a member of the important insular af- fairs committee of the Senate, declared: Favors Plebiscite Later. *It would seem that the only solu- tion of our problem in the Philippines | simp is to set a time for their independenc at some early date: direct the charac ter of government we desire them to put into operation; supervise the framing of a constitution for them: give them a ‘test period’ of, say. five years, in which to try out the burdens ©of the new relationship, and then pro- vide for them to hold a plebiscite at the end of that period to determine at the polls whether they desire to go on a8 an independent people.” Senator Hawes pointed out that the granting of independence might re- sult in such burdens as the raising by this country of graduated tariff bar- Fiers against Philigpine goods through Station WMAL | Nation-wide | remained | of the | they present to the United States Govern- ment. Very few take the time to consider even the geographical facts in connec- tion with those islands. They lie out in the Pacific 7.000 miles from the Coast. a Pacific Coast port to reach the is lands, and yet they are only 30 hours' sailing from the Coast of Asia. They are a part of the Asiatic Continent just as is Cuba a part of the American Con- tinent. Very few Americans realize that there are more than 7,000 of these Philippine Islands, more than 2,000 of which have never been hamed, consisting of small islets; that they stretzh along for 1,000 miles just off the Asiatic Coast south of Japan: that they are but a short ferry ride from the the Isle of Borneo. There are 13 millions of people on these islands who are under the juris- diction of the United States, are not American citizens under the law. These people are Malays, living n a torrid zone, in a climate not suit- ble for either the health or comfort| of the white race. If we remained in possession of the islands for the next 300 years as did to change the appearance of these people, color of their hair, the texture of their skin, their racial customs, or their tions. these for Spain controlled islands our "Independence in 1776. |in all that 300 years the Filipinos have Pilipinos: they remained Mslayans; they remained Orientals. Today there is a growing discussion Philippines, and the average American desires to know what these problems arc. In a very brief way, to- {night, I shall try to explain, ve y. the question before Congre: vith Tespect to the Philippine Islands | When we took possession of the Is whom we had been at war. In the treaty which followed the war the Philippines became definitely ours, and the first laws which we passed | relating to the Philippine Islands did not touch upon the question of our | future policy with respect to the is- lands. First U. S. Government Military. The first government we set up was a military government. The Army took charge as it does in all nearest point of the American Pacific| Our ships take 21 days from | panese outpost | of Formosa. and not far removed from but who | the | 300 years. which is almost twice as long | a period of time as the period between | today and the day when we declared | And_yet | lands in 1898 we did so largely because | were a possession of Spain, with | | SENATOR HARRY B. HAWES. —Harris-Ewing Photo. | read, certain things shall be done in the Philippines We have accordingly conveved to government except that we authorized the appointment of the governor general, who still remains there; a vice governor gencral and an auditor. Began to Handle Own Affairs. Under the provisions of the Jones law, the Filipinos began to manage their | own affairs under our supervision, and | they took as an efforts the preamble of the bill which promised them independence, sover- eignty and freedom. As’is shown in the report of a ma- {3 of eight of the twelve members insular affairs committee of the them practically all of the functions of | inspiration for their | ally is measured only by our participa- tion through the Army in their island | affairs and the siight cost to us of han- dling their consular and diplomatic functions. We gave so much autonomy of gov- ernment under the Jones act that there is only one step forward, independence, or we must take a backward step. undoing the hope and promise of 30 years. by departing from American tra- | ditions "and_ creating a colonial form | of government. The American must keep constantly in mind that we have promised these people their independence. Within the last_year they have sent a delegation of Philippine representatives to the Congress of the United States seeking States. They say that it is unfair lox]mnud. but it is manifest that if !hlsi 4. We might in the Government of the United States to | permit cheap Philippine labor to come | |into the United States from those far- | oft islands to break down the American | wage scale. They point to recent racial | disturbances on the Pacific Coast show- ing that this influx of Philippine labor [1. presenting a very serious problem. Certain manufacturers then called the ‘ltt!nllun of Congress to the fact that the Philippines are beginning to make | certain products out of the abundant raw materials of the islands and are! sending these manufactured products |Into the United States to compete un- fairly with American-made products. | Thus the farmer and manufacturer |ask that Philippine products be placed | under our tariff laws, and the American | Federation of Labor asks Congress to exclude the Philippine people from our shores just as we do other Orientals. | But there seems to be a distinct feel- | ing in Congress that it would be mani- festly unfair for the American Govern- ment either to place the ban of exclu- | sion on a people who are still under our fiag or to restrict the product of a people by tariff barriers, when one of the purposes of our occupation of the Philippines is to assist these people to develop their resources No nation in the world, including Eng- land, France and Holland, has ever at- | tempted to exclude their own colonials from the home country. The applica- | tion of tariff barriers would seem to be equally unfair, | “Congress refusing to act in a piece- | meal manner on any of the pleas made to it by these essential elements in our | American life, is confronted with the | problem of the future of the Philippines. | __Every one who knows anything of the | Philippine problem at all admits that, | as the result of our presence in the | islands without a fixed policy for the | future, a great uncertainty exists which is bad for the Philippines and harmful to American interests. Foreign Capital Fears Future. Not knowing what the future is to be, | new American capital will not enter the | islands to develop them: foreign capital will not enter the islands at all. | 'The Philippine people have been | taught to believe they will be given | independence. An entire generation has grown up with this promise’ constantly | before it. It is part of the national aspirations of these people. The de- | mand for independence comes from | every walk of life in the Philippine | Islands—its bankers, its industrialists, | its governmental officials, its educators. In fact, every element of Philippine life, from the veteran Aguinaldo down to the 1,110,000 children in the Philippine | date is postponed for any considerable length of time the commercial anc economic ties that will have grown ur | between the islands and the Unitec | States will render ultimate independ- ence impossible. 3. We could grant to the Philippines | a colonial form of government for the | future and permanently retain them | But such a course has never been pro- | posed since our occupation of the| islands and is repugnant to the best | traditions of our own Natio: rate them as a State of the Union, but it is not con- sidered because there are social, racial and geographical impediments to this | course. | It would seem that the only solution | of our problem in the Philippines is to set a time for their independence | at some early date; direct the character | of government we desire them to put | in operation; supervise the framing of | a constitutio; ; give them a | “test period’ five years h to try out the burdens of new ink _ relationship such as graduated tariff barriers, and, at the end of that five- year period, provide for them to hold: ¢ a plebiscite to determine at the polls whether, having felt the full harmful effects of separation from us, they de- sire to go on as an independent people. If they do so decide after this “acid test” period, then we should grant them their compiete sovereignty in keeping with the pledges and promises we have made to them. It has been impossible for me tos ¢ (Continued on Thirteenth Page.) At Seventh and K At Seventh and K = o P o P s NI e e _Zet s /PJuij/z lyour Room ' GOLDENBERGS | Furniture Store Riving He urged that immediate attention be given this matter, declaring it is a problem of the present, not of the future. the independence which we promised | them. Through a presentation of facts, | they assert their right to that inde- | pendence on the basis of the provisions | chools, unit: without a dissenting voice in a demand for independence. Beginning with President McKinley occupations !Senate, of wnich I am & member, of the more than 20,000 employed in civil service in the islands today, there are | of war. But we soon discovered that we gwed a further and more enlightened uty. Text of Address. The text of his address was as fol- ws: The average American has little knowledge of the Philippines. He knows these islands came into the pos- session of the United States in some way as the result of the Spanish-Ameri- can War. He has a hazy recollection of the historical incidents marking the many_vears of rebellion over alleged brutalities, both in Cuba and the Phil- ippines, previous to the Spanish-Amer- ican War and during the control of these island possessions by Spain. He knows that in South America all the nations had set up democratic governmeénts years ago and that there was the same desire on th of Cuba and the Philippines at the e of the war in 1898. He recalls the destruction of the bat- tleship Maine in the harbor of Havana and remembers or has read of the call to arms that followed. The end of the war is quite fresh in memory to many of us and is one of the recent martial pages of American history. 5 t at this point the average Ameri- ean’s acquaintance with the Philippines begins to grow hazy, and the average man simply takes it for granted that at the close of the war we came into possession of both Cuba and the Phil- ippines and that Cuba later was given her complete sovereignty, while the Philippines remained with us. The average American knows little of the detalls of the Spanish War except that Admiral Dewey sailed into Manila Harbor and, turning his guns upon the city of Manila, became master of the situation. Aguinaldo’s Part For~otten. It is necessary to refresh our mem- ories on this subject before we realize that the Spaniards had been driven be- fore the land forces of the veteran Fili- nl:)b leader, Aguinaldo, until the Span- 'ds were practically confined to the independent | people In 1901 the late Chief Justice William H. Taft was made Civil Governor of the Philippine Islands. In 1802 an act was passed authoriz- ing the taking of a census of the is lands and also providing for the hold- ing of an election to select delegated to & popular law-making body for the islands. The Philippine Assembly was estab- | lished in 1907 All of these steps by the United States from the time of the military occupation to necessary in the setting up of what we considered to be some sort of a representative government for these under which they could be developed. But in 1916 Congress gave serious attention to the question of our future in the Philippine Islands, and in that year there was passed what is known as the Jones act, which gave to these people practically all of the funciions of self-government with the exception that we retained, through certain desig- nated officers, a supervision over every- thing they did, and we retained also the right to nullify any legislative act they may pass. 1919 reads as follows—and, remember, this is a part of the law of the United States as. passed by Congress. I quote | from the Jones act “Whereas, it was never the intention of the people of the United States, in the incipiency of the war with Spain, to make 1t a war of conquest or for territorial aggrandizement; and, * “Whereas, it is, as it has always been, the purpose of the United States to withdraw their sovereignty over the Philippine Islands and to recogniz their independence as soon as a stable government can be estabiished thercin; an “Whereas, for the speedy accomplish- place in the hands of the people of the eity of Manila and that while our ves- | Philippines as large a control of their sels stood with guns trained on this capital, we had no land forces to oc- cupy the islands, and that it was the domestic affairs as can be given them without, in the meantime, impairing the exercise of the rights of sovereignty army of Aguinaldo, the Philippine lead- | by the people of the United States, in er, who cut off the water supply from Manila and penned the Spaniards in that city, where they remained power- less under the range of the guns of the American fleet. - At this point the knowledge of most Americans ends as to the Philippine order that, by the use and exercise of | popular franchise and governmental powers, they may be better prepared to | fully assume the responsibilities and enjoy all the privileges of complete independence.’ Then the act provides that, consider- vhich I have 1907 were found to be | ‘The preamble to the Jones act of | ment of such purpose, it is desirable to | fewer than 500 Americans. English is the official language of the islands. The chief justice and three of eight members of the |are Filiptnos. The governors and mem- | regularly organized provinces of the Philippines _are all native Filipinos elected by the people. The officials of the 800 municipal governments in the islands are all Fili- in_ 8,000 schools throughout the islands. All but 293 are Filipinos rety-one per cent of the popula. tion is Christian. The Moros, or Mo- | hammedans, of the jislands number some 423,000, or only 4 per cent of the population. These Moros adopted the | Mohammedan religion in the fourteenth {and fifteenth centuries and there are | |differences existing between them and other groups of the Filipinos. But the commitiee which heard witnesses and took testimonv with respect to this | Philispine problem has evidence before |it to the effect that the Moros unite | with_the other Filipinos in the demand | for_Philippine sovereignty. The body which maintains peace and |order in the islands is known as thi | Philippine Constabulary, or ~Insular | Police Affairs. It is composed of 6,331 Filipinos. and of the 398 officers all but | 23 are Filipinos. | ““The Filipinos elect 86 native Filipinos out of the 95 members of their legis- lative House, and they elect 22 members of their Senate, two being appointed to represent the non-Christian provinces. | "All but two of the judges of the | courts of first instance are Filipinos, and all of the justices of the peace | without exception, are Filipinos through- out the islands. ‘Whatever weight any one may attach | to our influence in the Phil; whatever importance one s to the wise counsel and supervision of our few American officials there, no one | will deny that the administration . of the functions of government in the the Filipinos. Raise Own Revenue. ‘The Filipinos raise their own revenue for governmental purposes from taxa- t1on. hey pay thelr own govern- | mental bills, pay their financial obli- | gations, are’ meeting their bonded in | debtedness, and their cost to us annu: If you want the Great Big Generous Loaf of Bread, ask for Doschs Homemade It's true to its name—‘“home made”—in character of the in- terior texture and golden brown, crisp crust. bread “mother used to make”—and its rich nutrition and deli- cious flavor skillfully baked into each loaf. There are many kinds of bread—but NONE OTHER LIKE THE DORSCH HOMEMADE LOAF. Biggest and Best of them all! Your grocer and delicatessen have the DORSCH HOME- MADE BREAD—fresh from the ovens. Just the kind »f The Dorsch Bakery is a 33-year-old Washington insti- tation—owned and operated by the Master Baker himself " the | Supreme Court | | bers of the provincial boards of the 39 | | Philippine Islands is in the hands of | of the Jones act. They insist they are ready for independence. Matters, other than the presence of | the Philippine delegation, have brought he Philippines into the immediate con- sideration of Congress. The first is the plea of the American farmer that the raw products of the Philippines are . being sent into the | United States to compete with the prod- | ucts of the American farm. The farm- r points out that he is already coming | into_new competition by the opening | up of our own Western country, through | great irrigation and dam projeets, and that it is unfair to him for the Ameri- can Government to permit the raw prod- ucts of the Philippines to come into this country free from the tariff bar- | riers applicable to all the other nations | of the world. Philippine imports to the United States | are agricultural products. The farmer is advised to curtail pro- duction, to reduce planting, and yet is threatened with permanent agricultural competition, 7,000 miles from the American shore, of 114,000 square miles of agricultural iand. Then comes the plea of the American Federation of Labor in the name of the working men and women of the United One of the surprisin time and time again Don't Forget the Address 830 13th St. N.W. W. STOKES —Experts from the Yvet designed this new waving the scalp . . . less time . . more natural looking wavi nole Wind With Curly En For an Appo ‘Third Penna. Ave. Eighty per cent of all| Kannf and continuing under Roosevelt, Taft Wilson and Harding, we find in the ex- pressions of our Chief Executives state- ments clearly indicating that all of | our constructive work in the Philip- | pines has been to prepare for inde- | pendence. |~ And yet we have today no definite plan_for the future. In the face of | our lack of definite policy on the one hand and our promise on the other | the uncertainty that has arisen is tend- | ing to breed trouble for both the Filipino and the American interested in the | Philippines. We have reached a point where we | must redeem our promises or at least | remove the uncertainty Five Ways to End Uncertainty. ‘There are five ways in which to settle | the uncertainty: 1. We could grant them immediatr independence. While the Filipinos de- mand this, most Americans do not urge it, as there undoubtedly will be a period of reconstruction under a new relation- ship, during which trying time the Philippines should have the benefit of | our aid and assistance. | 2. We could fix some distant date in the future when independen: g things about DuPont TONTINE window shade cloth is its dura- bility and method of manufacture which enables one to WASH and SCRUB it without the slightest injury. Phone us for prompt estimate on Made-to-Measure. 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